CN104227226A - Method for conducting preheating and friction stir welding on thick plate aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Method for conducting preheating and friction stir welding on thick plate aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN104227226A CN104227226A CN201410522853.1A CN201410522853A CN104227226A CN 104227226 A CN104227226 A CN 104227226A CN 201410522853 A CN201410522853 A CN 201410522853A CN 104227226 A CN104227226 A CN 104227226A
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- aluminum alloy
- welding
- thick aluminum
- alloy plate
- stirring
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
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- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 241000681094 Zingel asper Species 0.000 claims description 13
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- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Inorganic materials data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010011376 Crepitations Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000008425 Protein Deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
- B23K20/126—Workpiece support, i.e. backing or clamping
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for conducting preheating and friction stir welding on thick plate aluminum alloy. The method comprises the steps that (1) the thick plate aluminum alloy is placed on a tool, and clamping and fixing of a part to be welded are completed; (2) positioned welding is carried out on the part to be welded through a positioning stirring head; (3) a blind hole is machined in the initial position of tack weld of the thick plate aluminum alloy through a drill bit and used as a welding prefabricated hole; (4), the surface of the aluminum alloy is preheated, the temperature of the thick plate aluminum alloy is controlled from 100 DEG C to 120 DEG C; (5) the center of the stirring head for welding is adjusted before welding so that the center of the stirring head and the center of the prefabricated hole can coincide and the stirring head can be stuck into the prefabricated hole in a screwing mode, walking welding is conducted, and the stirring head is made to stay at the position of an arc break-off keyhole for preset time after welding is completed; (6) after welding is completed, annealing treatment is conducted on the thick plate aluminum alloy at 200 DEG C to 230 DEG C, and the overall welding process is completed. The method solves the problems that the stirring head factures and the quality of a welding seam cannot be guaranteed in the welding process of the thick plate aluminum alloy, and improves the quality of a friction stir welding seam of the thick plate aluminum alloy and production efficiency of the thick plate aluminum alloy.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the friction stir welding of thick aluminum alloy plate, be specifically related to a kind of thick aluminum alloy plate preheating friction stir welding method and frock and stirring-head.
Background technology
Thick aluminum alloy plate adopts conventional melting and welding method, and because heat input is large, welding deformation is large, but also cannot ensure weld seam internal soundness.
Friction stir welding is a kind of emerging technology, and it belongs to green welding technology, compared with traditional melting welding, has welding deformation little, pollution-free, and the defect that weld seam there will not be the melting welding such as crackle, undercut common.
But, when adopting the aluminium alloy of friction stir welding welding more than 30mm thickness, because sheet material is very thick, plastic metal flowing is in a thickness direction more difficult, distortion tension due to metal in welding process is large, stirring-head very easily fractures in welding process, thus causes the welding line joint that cannot obtain high-quality.
Summary of the invention
For above deficiency, the method of thick aluminum alloy plate friction stir welding is improved, add weld preheating and pre-manufactured hole operation, devise the band tapered thread of a kind of applicable thick aluminum alloy plate welding and be processed with the stirring-head of three planes, large for thickness Welded pressure, design is optimized to frock, ensures the firm clamping in thick aluminum alloy plate welding process, adopt above method to complete the friction stir welding of the thick aluminium alloy of 30mm ~ 40mm, weldquality is well shaping.
According to one aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of thick aluminum alloy plate preheating friction stir welding method, for realizing the firm welding of thick aluminum alloy plate, it is characterized in that, the method comprises following concrete steps:
(1) thick aluminum alloy plate is placed in frock, and in weldering front to holding out against front apron, after the center line of adjustment weld seam, the side direction of fixing thick aluminum alloy plate, and compress the upper surface of thick aluminum alloy plate, fix with the clamping completing to-be-welded pieces;
(2) location stirring-head is first adopted to position weldering to weldment;
(3) drill bit processing blind hole is adopted in the original position of aluminium alloy thick plate tack weld, as welding pre-manufactured hole;
(4) preheating is carried out to aluminum alloy surface, make the temperature on thick aluminum alloy plate surface control at 100 DEG C ~ 120 DEG C;
(5) by welding stirring-head, the thick aluminum alloy plate after preheating is welded, specifically comprise: before weldering, the center of adjustment welding stirring-head makes it also rotate with the center superposition of pre-manufactured hole to penetrate wherein, when the shaft shoulder of stirring-head touches welded metallic upper surface, spin friction stays for some time, then walking welding is carried out, after welding, stirring-head stops the scheduled time in receipts weldering keyhole position, then rotates and extracts stirring-head;
(6), after welding, thick aluminum alloy plate is carried out annealing in process at the temperature of 200 DEG C ~ 230 DEG C, can welding be completed.
As improvement of the present invention, it is 240rpm ~ 280rpm that described welding stirring-head rotates the rotary speed penetrating pre-manufactured hole, and decrease speed is 10mm/min.
As improvement of the present invention, in described walking welding, speed of welding is 50mm/min ~ 80mm/min, and volume under pressure controls at 0.4mm ~ 0.6mm, and the inclination angle of stirring-head is 3 °.
As improvement of the present invention, the described spin friction time of staying is 40S ~ 60S.
As improvement of the present invention, the diameter 4mm ~ 6mm less of the diameter of described welding stirring-head of described pre-manufactured hole, the little 5mm ~ 8mm of aluminium alloy thickness of slab that the depth ratio of blind hole is to be welded.
As improvement of the present invention, the frock that described clamping is fixed comprises base plate, arrange on which floor plate at two movable plates that welding direction is positioned opposite, side shield on which floor plate and between two movable plates is set, arrange on which floor plate and the front apron being positioned at welding direction front portion and the multiple pressing plates be arranged in arranged in arrays on two movable plates, described thick aluminum alloy plate to be welded is arranged on this backing plate, its both sides are carried out side direction by described side shield and are fixed, front portion is fixed by described front apron, upper surface is compressed by described multiple pressing plate, thus realize fixing the clamping of thick aluminum alloy plate to be welded.
As improvement of the present invention, the shaft shoulder that described welding stirring-head comprises both sides and the mixing needle also protruded between two shaft shoulders, wherein, described mixing needle is the cone of small end away from convex shoulder, its outer surface is coaxially arranged with screw thread, and this mixing needle outer surface is evenly equipped with the groove of multiple length direction in the circumferential.
As improvement of the present invention, the semi-cone angle of described mixing needle is preferably 6 °
As improvement of the present invention, the screw thread on described mixing needle surface is preferably M20 × 2 or M22 × 2.
As improvement of the present invention, described shoulder face is indent pattern, and its indent angle is 15 °.
As improvement of the present invention, described weldment also comprises the step of it being carried out to Milling Machining and cleaning before clamping is fixed, and is specially: first carry out Milling Process to the involutory surface of welded thick aluminum alloy plate, ensures that its surface roughness is less than 3.2; Then soak in lye tank (vat) and carry out alkali cleaning process, and rinse well.
As improvement of the present invention, when described location stirring-head positions welding, its rotary speed is 300rpm ~ 500rpm, and speed of welding is 150mm/min ~ 200mm/min, and tilt angle is 2.5 °, and volume under pressure is 0.15mm ~ 0.3mm.
As improvement of the present invention, the preheating method that the aluminum alloy surface of described thick aluminum alloy plate carries out preheated weld is the burning preheating of natural gas and oxygen mix, the combustion section of preheating device is square box-like die cavity, and its bottom surface is processed with multiple circular hole to carry out Multi-point combustion.
According to another aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of thick aluminum alloy plate weldment utilized prepared by said method.
A kind of thick aluminum alloy plate preheating friction stir welding method provided by the invention, by increasing the mode of weld preheating and pre-manufactured hole, ensure the uniformity in weld metal thickness approach temperature field, reduce the plastic deformation resistance in metal solder process, by designing the band tapered thread of a kind of applicable thick aluminum alloy plate welding and being processed with the stirring-head of three planes, in increase welding process, weld metal is in the mobility of thickness direction, the welding tooling of design rigidity, solve stirring-head in thick aluminum alloy plate welding process to fracture, the difficult problem that weldquality cannot ensure, improve thick aluminum alloy plate stir friction welding seam quality and production efficiency.
Thick aluminum alloy plate welding tooling provided by the invention, backing plate wherein adopts high temperature alloy steel plate, and other parts adopt such as Q235 material to make.Two side shields are symmetrically welded on base plate, baffle plate is processed with screwed hole, the side direction that movable plate fixes thick aluminum alloy plate is held out against by screw, base plate is processed with multiple screwed holes, wherein 2 screwed holes fix front apron by screw, the weldering front of fixing thick aluminum alloy plate to, other screwed holes are by screw fixation clip, pressing plate is U-shape, and pressing plate is for compressing the upper surface of thick aluminum alloy plate, and the back of thick aluminum alloy plate put by backing plate.
In general, the above technical scheme conceived by the present invention compared with prior art, has following beneficial effect:
A kind of thick aluminum alloy plate preheating friction stir welding method of the present invention, by increasing the mode of weld preheating and pre-manufactured hole, ensure the uniformity in weld metal thickness approach temperature field, reduce the plastic deformation resistance in metal solder process, the band tapered thread of a kind of applicable thick aluminum alloy plate welding provided and be processed with the stirring-head of three planes, in increase welding process, weld metal is in the mobility of thickness direction, stirring-head downforce when can effectively control and reduce welding, simplify friction stir welding to the restriction of welding tool setup simultaneously, solve stirring-head in thick aluminum alloy plate welding process to fracture, the difficult problem that weldquality cannot ensure, improve thick aluminum alloy plate stir friction welding seam quality and production efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the preheating device adopted in the method according to the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic three dimensional views of the frock adopted in the method according to the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the sectional view of the frock adopted in the method according to the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the top view of the frock adopted in the method according to the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the left view of the frock adopted in the method according to the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the welding stirring-head schematic diagram adopted in the method according to the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the welding stirring-head schematic cross-section adopted in the method according to the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the weld seam metallograph formed according to the thick 5A06 aluminium alloy of method processing 30mm of the embodiment of the present invention one;
Fig. 9 is the weld seam metallograph formed according to the thick 2A70 aluminium alloy of method processing 40mm of the embodiment of the present invention one.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1
In the present embodiment 1, choose 30mm5A06 thick aluminum alloy plate and carry out friction stir welding.
As shown in Figure 1, the preheating device that provides adopts natural gas and oxygen mix burning preheating, and hot spots is a rectangle box-like die cavity, is processed with the circular hole that such as 14 diameters are preferably Φ 1mm in box-like die cavity bottom surface.
As shown in Figure 2-5, required welding tooling, (in such as the present embodiment, 10 are preferably by base plate 1, two side shields 2, multiple pressing plate 3, but the present invention is also defined in this), backing plate 4, two movable plates 5, front apron 6 and several screws 7,8,9 composition, backing plate 1 preferably adopts the high temperature alloy steel plate that 2mm is thick, and other parts preferably adopt Q235 material to make.Two side shields are symmetrically welded on base plate, baffle plate is processed with screwed hole, hold out against by screw the side direction that movable plate fixes thick aluminum alloy plate, base plate is processed with multiple screwed hole, such as 12, wherein two screwed holes fix front apron by screw, the weldering front of fixing thick aluminum alloy plate to, other screwed holes fix corresponding pressing plate by screw, and pressing plate is U-shape, pressing plate is for compressing the upper surface of thick aluminum alloy plate, and the back of thick aluminum alloy plate put by backing plate.
As shown in figs. 6-7, stirring-head needed for the present embodiment preferably adopts 4Cr5MoSiV1 to make, shoulder face is indent pattern, in the present embodiment, its indent angle is preferably 15 °, shaft shoulder diameter of phi D is preferably 38mm, preferably fall the fillet of R0.5 at shaft shoulder edge, the transition arc of mixing needle and the shaft shoulder is preferably R3, the semi-cone angle of mixing needle is preferably 6 °, mixing needle surface arranges screw thread, be preferably M20 × 2, mixing needle screw thread is processed with the dark plane of three 1mm at circumferencial direction along the conical surface is preferably uniform, mixing needle top is preferably Spherical Surface S R20, the length L of mixing needle is preferably 29.4mm, after stirring-head completion of processing, after stirring-head heat treatment quenching and tempering, its hardness is preferably HRC53.But in the present invention, the above-mentioned parameter of stirring-head is not limited thereto, can specifically selects according to actual needs.
In the present embodiment, the friction stir welding method of 30mm5A06 thick aluminum alloy plate comprises the following steps:
(1) Milling Machining and cleaning: carry out Milling Process to the involutory surface of welded two pieces thick aluminum alloy plate, ensures that its surface roughness is less than 3.2; Then carry out alkali cleaning process, in lye tank (vat), soak 10min, then rinse well with clear water, blow off on thick aluminum alloy plate with compressed air water stain.
(2) clamping of thick aluminum alloy plate: as shown in Figure 2-5, thick aluminum alloy plate is placed on the backing plate 1 of frock of the present invention, weldering front is to holding out against front apron 6, after the center line of adjustment weld seam, the side direction that movable plate 5 fixes thick aluminum alloy plate is held out against by screw 9, U-shaped pressing plate 3 is fixed, for compressing the upper surface of thick aluminum alloy plate by screw 7.
(3) tack welding: preferably adopt shaft shoulder diameter to be 16mm in the present embodiment, the location stirring-head that mixing needle diameter and length are respectively 6mm and 5mm positions welding, the welding parameter adopted is: rotary speed is 500rpm, speed of welding is 200mm/min, tilt angle is 2.5 °, volume under pressure is 0.15mm, the burr of equating weld seam both sides after positioning welding.
(4) processing of pre-manufactured hole: adopt drill bit processing blind hole in the original position of aluminium alloy thick plate tack weld, the diameter of preferred blind hole is the degree of depth 25mm of 16mm, blind hole.The clamping that step (2) completes thick aluminum alloy plate is repeated after blind hole completion of processing.
(5) weld preheating: the heater described in employing, carries out preheating to aluminum alloy surface, and place the thick aluminium sheet of the preferred 3mm of identical material in aluminum alloy surface during preheating, preheat temperature is preferably about 100 DEG C, withdraws heater after preheating.
(6) formally weld: the stirring-head of the thick plates described in employing implements welding, the adjustment center of mixing needle and the center superposition of pre-manufactured hole before weldering, preferred employing rotary speed is 280rpm, decrease speed is that mixing needle penetrates in pre-manufactured hole by 10mm/min, when the shaft shoulder of stirring-head touches welded metallic upper surface, spin friction stops preferred 40S, then walking welding is carried out, speed of welding is preferably 80mm/min, preferred volume under pressure controls at 0.4mm, the inclination angle of stirring-head is 3 °, after welding, stirring-head stops such as 10S in receipts weldering keyhole position, then rotate and extract stirring-head.
(7) post-weld annealed: after welding, dismantles thick aluminum alloy plate from frock, then carries out annealing in process, and temperature is 200 DEG C.
After welding, butt welded seam carries out X-ray and ultrasound detection is all qualified, and as shown in Figure 8, weldquality is excellent for its metallograph.
Embodiment 2
In the present embodiment 2, choose 40mm2A70 thick aluminum alloy plate and carry out friction stir welding.
As shown in Figure 1, the preheating device that provides adopts natural gas and oxygen mix burning preheating, and hot spots is a rectangle box-like die cavity, is processed with the circular hole that such as 14 diameters are preferably Φ 1mm in box-like die cavity bottom surface.
As shown in Figure 2-5, required welding tooling, (in such as the present embodiment, 10 are preferably by base plate 1, two side shields 2, multiple pressing plate 3, but the present invention is also defined in this), backing plate 4, two movable plates 5, front apron 6 and several screws 7,8,9 composition, backing plate 1 preferably adopts the high temperature alloy steel plate that 2mm is thick, and other parts preferably adopt Q235 material to make.Two side shields are symmetrically welded on base plate, baffle plate is processed with screwed hole, hold out against by screw the side direction that movable plate fixes thick aluminum alloy plate, base plate is processed with multiple screwed hole, such as 12, wherein two screwed holes fix front apron by screw, the weldering front of fixing thick aluminum alloy plate to, other screwed holes fix corresponding pressing plate by screw, and pressing plate is U-shape, pressing plate is for compressing the upper surface of thick aluminum alloy plate, and the back of thick aluminum alloy plate put by backing plate.
As shown in figs. 6-7, required stirring-head adopts 4Cr5MoSiV1 to adopt and makes, shoulder face is indent pattern, its indent angle is 15 °, in the present embodiment 2, shaft shoulder diameter of phi D is preferably 44mm, preferably fall the fillet of R0.5 at shaft shoulder edge, the transition arc of mixing needle and the shaft shoulder is preferably R3, the semi-cone angle of mixing needle is preferably 6 °, the screw thread on mixing needle surface is preferably M22 × 2, mixing needle screw thread is processed with multiple groove at circumferencial direction along the conical surface is axially preferably uniform, be preferably the planar slot that three 1mm are dark, mixing needle top is preferably Spherical Surface S R20, the length L of mixing needle is preferably 39.2mm, after stirring-head completion of processing, after stirring-head heat treatment quenching and tempering, its hardness is preferably HRC48.
In the present embodiment 2, the friction stir welding method of 40mm2A70 thick aluminum alloy plate is comprised the following steps:
(1) Milling Machining and cleaning: carry out Milling Process to the involutory surface of welded two pieces thick aluminum alloy plate, ensures that its surface roughness is less than 3.2; Then carry out alkali cleaning process, in lye tank (vat), soak 15min, then rinse well with clear water, blow off on thick aluminum alloy plate with compressed air water stain.
(2) clamping of thick aluminum alloy plate: as shown in Figure 2-5, thick aluminum alloy plate is placed on the backing plate 1 of frock of the present invention, weldering front is to holding out against front apron 6, after the center line of adjustment weld seam, the side direction that movable plate 5 fixes thick aluminum alloy plate is held out against by screw 9, U-shaped pressing plate 3 is fixed, for compressing the upper surface of thick aluminum alloy plate by screw 7.
(3) tack welding: in the present embodiment, same preferably employing shaft shoulder diameter is 16mm, the location stirring-head that mixing needle diameter and length are respectively 6mm and 5mm positions welding, the welding parameter adopted is: rotary speed is preferably 300rpm, speed of welding is preferably 150mm/min, tilt angle is preferably 2.5 °, volume under pressure is preferably 0.3mm, the burr of equating weld seam both sides after positioning welding.
(4) processing of pre-manufactured hole: adopt drill bit processing blind hole in the original position of aluminium alloy thick plate tack weld, the diameter of blind hole is the degree of depth 32mm of 16mm, blind hole.The clamping that step (2) completes thick aluminum alloy plate is repeated after blind hole completion of processing.
(5) weld preheating: the heater described in employing, carries out preheating to aluminum alloy surface, and place the thick aluminium sheet of identical material 3mm in aluminum alloy surface during preheating, preheat temperature is about 120 DEG C, withdraws heater after preheating.
(6) formally weld: the stirring-head of the thick plates described in employing implements welding, the adjustment center of mixing needle and the center superposition of pre-manufactured hole before weldering, rotary speed is adopted to be preferably 240rpm, decrease speed is preferably 10mm/min and penetrates in pre-manufactured hole by mixing needle, when the shaft shoulder of stirring-head touches welded metallic upper surface, spin friction preferably stops 60S, then walking welding is carried out, speed of welding is preferably 50mm/min, volume under pressure preferably controls at 0.6mm, the inclination angle of stirring-head is preferably 3 °, after welding, stirring-head preferably stops 10S in receipts weldering keyhole position, then rotate and extract stirring-head.
(7) post-weld annealed: after welding, dismantles thick aluminum alloy plate from frock, then carries out annealing in process, and temperature is preferably 230 DEG C.
After welding, butt welded seam carries out X-ray and ultrasound detection is all qualified, and as shown in Figure 9, weldquality is excellent for its metallograph.
The present invention, by increasing the mode of weld preheating and pre-manufactured hole, can ensure the uniformity in weld metal thickness approach temperature field, reduces the plastic deformation resistance in metal solder process.In addition, by arranging the band tapered thread of applicable thick aluminum alloy plate welding and being processed with the stirring-head of three planes, weld metal can be increased in welding process in the mobility of thickness direction, stirring-head downforce when can effectively control and reduce welding, simplify friction stir welding to the restriction of welding tool setup simultaneously, solve the difficult problem that in thick aluminum alloy plate welding process, stirring-head fractures, weldquality cannot ensure, improve thick aluminum alloy plate stir friction welding seam quality and production efficiency.
In the various embodiments described above, the parameter of various welding and part dimension are only for method of the present invention is described better, are not limited to above-mentioned number range, can specifically select according to actual needs.
Those skilled in the art will readily understand; the foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention; not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a thick aluminum alloy plate preheating friction stir welding method, for realizing the firm welding of thick aluminum alloy plate, it is characterized in that, the method comprises following concrete steps:
(1) thick aluminum alloy plate is placed in frock, and in weldering front to holding out against front apron, after the center line of adjustment weld seam, the side direction of fixing thick aluminum alloy plate, and compress the upper surface of thick aluminum alloy plate, fix with the clamping completing to-be-welded pieces;
(2) location stirring-head is first adopted to position weldering to weldment;
(3) drill bit processing blind hole is adopted in the original position of aluminium alloy thick plate tack weld, as welding pre-manufactured hole;
(4) preheating is carried out to aluminum alloy surface, make the temperature on thick aluminum alloy plate surface control at 100 DEG C ~ 120 DEG C;
(5) by welding stirring-head, the thick aluminum alloy plate after preheating is welded, specifically comprise: before weldering, the center of adjustment welding stirring-head makes it also rotate with the center superposition of pre-manufactured hole to penetrate wherein, when the shaft shoulder of stirring-head touches welded metallic upper surface, spin friction stops certain hour, then walking welding is carried out, after welding, stirring-head stops the scheduled time in receipts weldering keyhole position, finally rotates and extracts stirring-head;
(6), after welding, thick aluminum alloy plate is carried out annealing in process at the temperature of 200 DEG C ~ 230 DEG C, can welding be completed.
2. a kind of thick aluminum alloy plate preheating friction stir welding method according to claim 1, wherein, it is 240rpm ~ 280rpm that described welding stirring-head rotates the rotary speed penetrating pre-manufactured hole, and decrease speed is 10mm/min.
3. a kind of thick aluminum alloy plate preheating friction stir welding method according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, in described walking welding, speed of welding is 50mm/min ~ 80mm/min, and volume under pressure controls at 0.4mm ~ 0.6mm, and the inclination angle of stirring-head is 3 °.
4. a kind of thick aluminum alloy plate preheating friction stir welding method according to any one of claim 1-3, wherein, the described spin friction time of staying is 40S ~ 60S.
5. a kind of thick aluminum alloy plate preheating friction stir welding method according to any one of claim 1-4, wherein, diameter 4mm ~ the 6mm less of the diameter of described welding stirring-head of described pre-manufactured hole, the little 5mm ~ 8mm of aluminium alloy thickness of slab that the depth ratio of blind hole is to be welded.
6. a kind of thick aluminum alloy plate preheating friction stir welding method according to any one of claim 1-5, wherein, the frock that described clamping is fixed comprises base plate, arrange on which floor plate and at welding direction two movable plates positioned opposite, two side shields on which floor plate and between two movable plates are set, arrange on which floor plate and be positioned at welding direction front portion front apron and in the multiple pressing plates of arranged in arrays on two movable plates, described thick aluminum alloy plate to be welded is arranged on this backing plate, its both sides are carried out side direction respectively by described side shield and are fixed, front portion is fixed by described front apron, upper surface is compressed by described multiple pressing plate, thus realize fixing the clamping of thick aluminum alloy plate to be welded.
7. a kind of thick aluminum alloy plate preheating friction stir welding method according to any one of claim 1-6, wherein, the shaft shoulder that described welding stirring-head comprises both sides and the mixing needle also protruded between two shaft shoulders, wherein, described mixing needle is the cone of small end away from convex shoulder, its outer surface is coaxially arranged with screw thread, and this mixing needle outer surface is evenly equipped with the groove of multiple length direction in the circumferential.
8. a kind of thick aluminum alloy plate preheating friction stir welding method according to any one of claim 1-7, wherein, described weldment also comprises the step of it being carried out to Milling Machining and cleaning before clamping is fixed, be specially: first Milling Process is carried out to the involutory surface of welded thick aluminum alloy plate, ensure that its surface roughness is less than 3.2; Then soak in lye tank (vat) and carry out alkali cleaning process, and rinse well.
9. a kind of thick aluminum alloy plate preheating friction stir welding method according to any one of claim 1-8, wherein, the preheating method that the aluminum alloy surface of described thick aluminum alloy plate carries out preheated weld is the burning preheating of natural gas and oxygen mix, the combustion section of preheating device is square box-like die cavity, and its bottom surface is processed with multiple circular hole to carry out Multi-point combustion.
10. one kind utilizes the thick aluminum alloy plate weldment prepared by method according to any one of the claims 1-9.
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