CN104223125B - A kind of method preparing potato residues dietary fiber - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing potato dregs dietary fiber, which belongs to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of agricultural product processing waste. The present invention uses wet potato residues as raw materials, first adopts cellulase and pectinase compound treatment to destroy the structure of cellulose and pectin components, not only releases the encapsulation and entanglement of cellulose and pectin on starch, but also improves soluble dietary fiber content, then add protease to remove protein, then add amylase and glucoamylase to remove starch efficiently, the separated supernatant can be used to prepare high value-added soluble dietary fiber products, and solids can be used to prepare low starch content Dietary fiber products realize the efficient and comprehensive utilization of potato residues, which can effectively solve the problem of difficult disposal of waste residues in potato starch production, reduce the production costs of potato starch enterprises, and reduce the environmental pollution caused by the accumulation of large amounts of potato residues.

Description

A kind of method for preparing potato dregs dietary fiber

technical field

The invention relates to a method for preparing potato dregs dietary fiber, in particular to a method for efficiently utilizing wet potato dregs to transform and produce high value-added dietary fiber products, and belongs to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of agricultural product processing waste.

Background technique

my country is the largest potato-growing country in the world. With the development of my country's potato starch industry, a large number of potatoes are processed into starch every year, and millions of tons of fresh potato residues are produced at the same time. Potato residue is a mixture rich in various nutrients, but fresh residue has high water content and contains a large number of microorganisms, which is easy to spoil and deteriorate, causing environmental pollution. Therefore, it is of great value to develop an effective comprehensive utilization method of fresh potato residues for the development of the potato starch industry and to solve the increasingly severe environmental problems.

The dietary fiber content in potato residues is as high as 50-60%, of which soluble dietary fiber accounts for 14-15%, which is a high-quality dietary fiber raw material. The physiological effects of dietary fiber include prevention of constipation and colon cancer, regulation of blood lipids, regulation of blood sugar, and weight loss. As people pay more and more attention to health, the demand for dietary fiber is also increasing. Therefore, the preparation of dietary fiber from potato residues will become an effective way for the development and utilization of potato residues.

The existing process for preparing dietary fiber by enzymatically using agricultural waste as raw material is mainly aimed at raw materials with low starch content and low moisture content such as bean dregs, wheat bran, and corn bran, using amylase and protease to remove impurities, and then Improve dietary fiber composition or increase soluble dietary fiber content by cellulase treatment. However, the content of moisture and starch in wet potato residues is high, and starch is tightly wrapped in pectin and cellulose components, so it is difficult to effectively remove starch, the main interfering component. In the currently developed dietary fiber preparation process for potato residues, the potato residues are dried and crushed before treatment. This process has a certain destructive effect on the structure of potato residues, which is conducive to the release of starch and the enzyme However, the potato residue itself has a very strong water holding capacity, and drying requires a lot of energy and time, which cannot meet the continuous and large-scale production of wet potato residue by potato starch processing enterprises, and the residual rate of starch is still high; for wet potato Potato residue dietary fiber preparation process, the removal efficiency of starch enzymolysis is very low, the high residual starch affects the quality of potato residue dietary fiber, limits its application, the price is low, and lacks the high added value of soluble dietary fiber , high-quality product types, also lead to the comprehensive utilization technology of preparing dietary fiber with potato dregs as raw material can not be promoted and widely used.

According to the unique component structure and characteristics of potato residues, the present invention pre-degrades with cellulase and pectinase, and then uses amylase to remove starch, and uses potato residues to prepare high-quality and low-starch residues. Soluble dietary fiber and ordinary dietary fiber products can be widely used in various food, beverage, health care products and animal feed components according to different usage requirements. They are of great importance to the development of the potato starch industry and to solving increasingly severe environmental problems. value.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing dietary fiber from potato residues, which is a method for preparing high value-added dietary fiber products according to the components and structural characteristics of potato residues. Through the combined treatment of cellulase and pectinase, cellulose can be partially degraded and converted into soluble dietary fiber, and the binding effect of cellulose and pectin on starch can be released, and the efficiency of amylase to remove starch can be improved. Get common dietary fiber products. Realize the efficient utilization of potato residue resources and solve the problem of difficult potato residue disposal.

The main steps of the method are to uniformly mix the potato residue with an appropriate amount of water, then add cellulase and pectinase for compound treatment, and then use neutral protease, high temperature resistant α-amylase and α-1,4-glucose Hydrolytic enzyme treatment: separate the processed potato pulp to obtain supernatant and solids, the solids obtained from the separation of potato pulp are potato residue dietary fiber, and the supernatant obtained from the separation of potato pulp is concentrated and alcoholized The obtained solid is the potato residue soluble dietary fiber.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the potato residue is uniformly mixed with an appropriate amount of water, which is to mix fresh potato residue and water at a mass volume ratio of 1:3 to 1:5 (g:mL), 100 to 200r/ Min speed stirring evenly.

In one embodiment of the present invention, when cellulase and pectinase are used for compound treatment, the enzymolysis conditions are: temperature 50-55°C, pH 4.5-5.0, time 1-3h, stirring speed 150-200r /min, the amount of cellulase added is 4-36U/g potato residue (dry basis), the amount of pectinase added is 5-20U/g potato residue (dry basis), boil for 10min after enzymolysis, and cool to 55-60°C.

In one embodiment of the present invention, neutral protease is added to the potato residue pulp treated by cellulase and pectinase for enzymatic hydrolysis, and the enzymatic hydrolysis conditions are as follows: temperature 55-60°C, pH 5.0-7.0 , the time is 0.5-1h, the stirring speed is 150-200r/min, and the addition amount of the neutral protease is 30-50U/g potato residue (dry basis).

In one embodiment of the present invention, the neutral protease-treated potato residue slurry is heated and boiled for 10-30 minutes to fully gelatinize the starch contained in it, the pH value is adjusted to 5.5-6.0, and high-temperature-resistant α-starch is added Enzyme, stir and hydrolyze at 90-95°C, 150-200r/min for 10-40min, cool to 50-60°C; adjust the pH value to 4.0-4.5, add α-1,4-glucose hydrolase, 50-65°C, Under the condition of 150-200r/min, stir and hydrolyze for 1-2h, the addition amount of the high-temperature-resistant α-amylase is 100-150U/g potato residue (dry basis), the addition amount of α-1,4-glucose hydrolase is 200~ 300U/g potato residue (dry basis).

In one embodiment of the present invention, the enzymatically treated potato residue slurry is separated to obtain the supernatant and solids, and the supernatant is evaporated and concentrated, and then 2-6 times the volume of 95% ethanol is added for precipitation for 4-24 hours , and then through solid-liquid separation, the obtained solids are dried, crushed, and passed through a 100-200 mesh sieve to obtain the finished potato residue soluble dietary fiber. 200-mesh sieve to obtain the finished potato residue dietary fiber.

An embodiment of the present invention mainly includes the following steps:

(1) Mix fresh potato residue and pure water, wherein the mass volume ratio of fresh potato residue and water is 1:3-1:5 (g:mL), and stir evenly at a speed of 100-200 r/min;

(2) Composite treatment with cellulase and pectinase, enzymolysis conditions: temperature 50-55°C, pH 4.5-5.0, time 1-3h, stirring speed 150-200r/min, cellulase addition 4 ～36U/g potato residue (dry basis), the amount of pectinase added is 5～20U/g potato residue (dry basis), boil for 10min after enzymolysis, and cool to 55～60℃;

(3) Add neutral protease to the potato pulp treated in step (2) for enzymolysis, enzymolysis conditions: temperature 55-60°C, pH 5.0-7.0, time 0.5-1h, stirring speed 150-200r/ min, the addition amount of the neutral protease is 30～50U/g potato residue (dry basis);

(4) Heat and boil the potato residue treated in step (3) for 10-30 minutes to fully gelatinize the starch contained in it, adjust the pH value to 5.5-6.0 with sodium hydroxide, add high-temperature-resistant α-amylase, Stir and hydrolyze at 90-95°C and 150-200r/min for 10-40min, cool to 50-60°C; adjust the pH value to 4.0-4.5 with hydrochloric acid, add α-1,4-glucose hydrolase, Under the condition of 150-200r/min, stir and hydrolyze for 1-2h, the addition amount of the high-temperature-resistant α-amylase is 100-150U/g potato residue (dry basis), the addition amount of α-1,4-glucose hydrolase is 200~ 300U/g potato residue (dry basis);

(5) Separate the potato residue slurry treated in step (4) to obtain the supernatant and solids. After the supernatant is evaporated and concentrated, 2-6 times the volume of 95% ethanol is added to precipitate for 4-24 hours, and then solidified Liquid separation, the obtained solids are dried, crushed, and passed through a 100-200 mesh sieve to obtain the finished potato residue soluble dietary fiber. That is, the finished potato residue dietary fiber is obtained.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the raw potato residue is a direct by-product of potato starch processing, and has a water content of 80-95%.

The cellulase is composed of exo-β-glucanase, endo-β-glucanase and β-glucosidase.

The separation method of the enzymatic hydrolysis product can be centrifugation or filtration separation.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

1. The present invention directly processes the wet potato residue, a direct by-product of potato starch processing, without prior drying and crushing operations, which greatly saves energy and time, and can realize continuous, high-efficiency transformation and utilization in large quantities.

2. The present invention found that in the process of preparing dietary fiber from potato residues, the starch component is tightly wrapped in the cellulose and pectin components, which is difficult to be directly and effectively removed by amylase, thereby reducing the quality of dietary fiber. In the present invention, firstly adding cellulase and pectinase to destroy the structural properties of cellulose and pectin to a certain extent, and then adding amylase to remove starch, the removal rate of starch can be greatly improved, and a diet with very low residual starch can be obtained fiber.

3. The present invention adopts cellulase and pectinase to degrade cellulose and pectin to a certain extent, not only can remove the wrapping of cellulose and pectin to starch, but also can convert insoluble dietary fiber into soluble dietary fiber, increasing The content of soluble dietary fiber improves the quality of dietary fiber.

4. The present invention finds that the cellulose component in potato residues has a looser structure than other agricultural product wastes, is more easily hydrolyzed by cellulase, and has a higher content of pectin components, which is an ideal preparation Raw material of soluble dietary fiber. The invention simultaneously prepares two kinds of products, soluble dietary fiber from potato dregs and common dietary fiber, which can meet application needs in different fields and different requirements, and realize high-efficiency comprehensive utilization of potato dregs.

detailed description

Example 1

Weigh 100g of fresh potato residue, according to the mass volume ratio of fresh potato residue and water 1:5 (g:mL), add water and stir evenly, adjust the pH value to 4.8 with hydrochloric acid, add 12U/g potato residue (dry basis) Cellulase (Sigma product number 22178) and pectinase (Sigma product number P5400) of 8U/g potato residue (dry basis) were reacted at 50°C for 3h at a stirring speed of 160r/min, boiled and cooled to 60 ℃; adjust the pH value to 6.0 with sodium hydroxide, add neutral protease (Sigma product number C2139) for enzymolysis, add enzyme amount 35U/g potato residue (dry basis), react at 60℃, stirring speed 160r/min 0.5h; heat and boil the above-mentioned potato dregs slurry for 15 minutes to fully gelatinize the starch, adjust the pH value to 5.5 with sodium hydroxide, add high-temperature-resistant α-amylase (Novozymes Fungamyl800L), the amount of enzyme added is 100U/ g potato dregs (dry basis), hydrolyze at 95°C for 0.5h at a stirring speed of 160r/min, cool to 60°C, adjust the pH value to 4.0 with hydrochloric acid, add α-1,4-glucohydrolase (Novel Letter Amylase AG300L), add enzyme amount 200U/g potato residue (dry basis), hydrolyze 1.5h at 60 ℃, stirring speed 160r/min. Centrifuge the treated potato pulp for 20 min at a speed of 4500 r/min to separate supernatant and solids. After the supernatant was concentrated by rotary evaporation, 3.5 times the volume of 95% ethanol was added to precipitate for 12 hours, and then centrifuged at a speed of 4500r/min for 20 minutes to separate, and the obtained solid was dried, crushed, and passed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the finished product Soluble potato residue dietary fiber. The solid matter obtained from the separation of potato pulp is dried, crushed, and passed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a common dietary fiber product.

The yield of the prepared soluble dietary fiber was 41.7%, the yield of ordinary dietary fiber was 16.4%, and the remaining amount of starch in the ordinary potato dregs dietary fiber was measured by GB5009.9-85 to be 3.37%.

Example 2

Dietary fiber preparation method 1: Weigh 100g of fresh potato residue, according to the mass volume ratio of fresh potato residue and water as 1:5, add water and stir evenly, adjust the pH value to 5.0 with hydrochloric acid, add 25U/g potato residue (dry basis) Cellulase (Novozyme model Celluzyme) and pectinase (Sigma product number P5400) of 5U/g potato residue (dry basis) were reacted at 50°C for 2h at a stirring speed of 180r/min, boiled and cooled to 60°C; adjust the pH value to 6.0 with sodium hydroxide, add neutral protease (Sigma product number C2139) for enzymolysis, add enzyme amount 35U/g potato residue (dry basis), at 60°C, stirring speed 200r/min React for 0.5h; heat and boil the potato residue slurry after the above treatment for 20min to fully gelatinize the starch, add high temperature resistant α-amylase (Novozymes FungamY1800L), the amount of enzyme added is 130U/g potato residue (dry basis), Hydrolyze at 95°C and stirring speed 160r/min for 0.5h, cool to 60°C, adjust the pH value to 4.0 with hydrochloric acid, add α-1,4-glucose hydrolase (Novozymes AmylaseAG300L), the amount of enzyme added is 200U /g potato residue (dry basis), hydrolyze for 1.5h at 60°C and stirring speed 160r/min. All the other steps are the same as in Example 1. The yield of the prepared soluble dietary fiber is 44.3%, and that of common dietary fiber is 14.1%.

Dietary fiber preparation method 2: Weigh 100g of fresh potato residue, according to the mass volume ratio of fresh potato residue and water as 1:5, add water and stir evenly, heat and boil for 20 minutes to fully gelatinize the starch, adjust the pH value to 6.0 with hydrochloric acid, add High temperature resistant α-amylase (Novozymes FungamYl800L), enzyme amount 220U/g potato residue (dry basis), hydrolyze at 95°C, stirring speed 160r/min for 3.5h, cool to 60°C, adjust with hydrochloric acid The pH value is 4.0, add α-1,4-glucose hydrolase, the amount of enzyme added is 3000U/g potato residue (dry basis), hydrolyze at 60°C and the stirring speed is 160r/min for 0.5h; add neutral protease solution, add enzyme amount 50U/g potato residue (dry basis), react at 60°C and stirring speed 200r/min for 0.5h; centrifuge, dry, pulverize and pass through 100-mesh sieve to obtain potato Slag dietary fiber products. The resulting common dietary fiber yield is 55.4%

The comparison of dietary fiber preparation method 1,2 gained product properties is as shown in table 1 in the present embodiment:

Table 1 Comparison of potato residue dietary fiber products

Compared with preparation method 2, preparation method 1, that is, the method of the present invention is treated with cellulase and pectinase first, followed by protease and amylase to prepare soluble dietary fiber and common dietary fiber at the same time, and the dietary fiber product The remaining amount of starch decreased from 20.63% to 2.09%, and the holding rate and OH free radical scavenging rate also increased significantly.

In summary, the present invention uses wet potato residues as raw materials, first adopts cellulase and pectinase compound treatment to destroy the structure of cellulose and pectin components, which not only releases the wrapping and winding of starch by cellulose and pectin function, and can increase the content of soluble dietary fiber, then add protease to remove protein, and then add amylase and glucoamylase to remove starch efficiently, and the separated supernatant can be used to prepare high value-added soluble dietary fiber products. The preparation of dietary fiber products with low starch content has realized the efficient and comprehensive utilization of potato residues, which can effectively solve the problem of difficult disposal of waste residues in potato starch production, reduce the production cost of potato starch enterprises, and reduce the environmental pollution caused by the accumulation of large amounts of potato residues .

Although the present invention has been disclosed above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person familiar with this technology can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, this The protection scope of the invention should be defined by the claims.

Claims (3)

1. the method preparing potato residues dietary fiber, it is characterised in that

Concretely comprise the following steps:

(1) fresh potato slag and pure water being mixed, wherein the mass volume ratio of fresh potato slag and water is 1:3～1:5kg/L, The speed of 100～200r/min stirs；

(2) utilizing cellulase and pectase to carry out Combined Processing, enzymatic hydrolysis condition is: temperature 50～55 DEG C, pH4.5～5.0, time Between 1～3h, mixing speed 150～200r/min, cellulase addition 4～36U/g potato slag, pectase addition 5～20U/g potato slag, Enzymolysis boils 10min after terminating, and is cooled to 55～60 DEG C；

(3) the potato slurry after processing through step (2) adds neutral protease enzymolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis condition: temperature 55～60 DEG C, PH5.0～7.0, time 0.5～1h, mixing speed 150～200r/min, the addition 30～50U/g potato slag of described neutral proteinase；

(4) the potato slurry heating after step (3) processes is boiled 10～30min and make its abundant gelatinization of contained starch, use hydrogen Sodium oxide molybdena regulation pH value is 5.5～6.0, adds Thermostable α-Amylase, stirring hydrolysis 10～40 under 90～95 DEG C, 150～200r/min Min, is cooled to 50～60 DEG C；It is 4.0～4.5 with salt acid for adjusting pH value, addition α-Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-glucose hydrolysis enzyme, 50～65 DEG C, Stirring hydrolysis 1～2h under the conditions of 150～200r/min, the addition 100～150U/g potato slag of described Thermostable α-Amylase, α-Isosorbide-5-Nitrae- The addition 200～300U/g potato slag of glucose hydrolysis enzyme；

(5) will be through the potato slurry isolated supernatant after step (4) processes and solid content, supernatant adds after being concentrated by evaporation Enter 2-6 times of volume 95% ethanol precipitation 4～24h, then through separation of solid and liquid, the solid content drying obtained, pulverize, cross 100～200 Mesh sieve, i.e. obtains finished product potato residues soluble dietary fiber, the solid content drying of potato slurry isolated, pulverizing, mistake 100～200 mesh sieves, i.e. obtain finished product potato residues dietary fiber.

Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described raw material potato residues is the straight of farina processing Connecing accessory substance, water content is 80～95%.

Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described cellulase is by circumscribed 1,4 beta-glucanase, inscribe 1,4 beta-glucanase and beta-glucosidase form.