CN104215654A - New method for measuring heat conductivity coefficient of micro powder sample under variable temperature and variable pressure conditions - Google Patents
New method for measuring heat conductivity coefficient of micro powder sample under variable temperature and variable pressure conditions Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of mineral and rock materials and in particular relates to a new method for measuring a heat conductivity coefficient of a micro (gram-scale) mineral and rock powder sample in a vacuum environment under variable temperature and variable pressure conditions. The needed volume of the micro powder sample is in a range from 1.0cm<3> to 20.0cm<3> during test. The method is performed under vacuum conditions and comprises the following test steps: (1) performing sample pretreatment, namely preparing the sample into a powder sample with the particle size of not more than 1mm according to own needs, ensuring that the sample is uniformly mixed, and drying the sample before measurement; (2) mounting the sample, namely selecting sample cells of different sizes and volumes according to the sample quantity, putting the pretreated sample and a test probe into the sample cells for fixing, and finally arranging the sample cells in a vacuum cavity of a freezer dryer; and (3) testing the sample, namely vacuumizing the vacuum cavity of the freezer dryer, adjusting the pressure to be in a range from 1Pa to 1.013*10<5>Pa, and adjusting the temperature in the cavity, wherein the adjustable temperature ranges from 190 DEG C below zero to 200 DEG C. After the pressure and temperature reach the specified values, the heat conductivity coefficient value of the sample under specified testing conditions is obtained through operation of thermal conductance meter related software.
Description
Li Rui, Wang Shijie, Li Xiongyao, Jin Hong, Liu Lianyin, Mo Bing
Technical field
The invention belongs to Minerals And Rocks Material Field, particularly a kind of Minerals And Rocks powder samples materials of trace is in vacuum environment, measures the new method of its coefficient of heat conductivity under alternating temperature transformation condition.
Background technology
In recent decades, along with various material is in the continuous expansion of the field range of application relevant with heat, coefficient of heat conductivity (or thermal conductivity) is often used to heat conductivility and the heat-insulating property of weighing material, is an important parameter of material.The coefficient of heat conductivity of Knowing material is the key measuring its thermophysical property.Thermal conductivity value is less, and the heat-insulating property of material is better.Size due to coefficient of heat conductivity depends on the factors such as structure composition, medial temperature, water percentage, heat transfer time, temperature difference of measured object, generally will be determined by experiment.The assay method of material thermal conductivity has now developed multiple, they have different suitable application areas, measurement range, precision, accuracy and specimen size requirement etc., distinct methods may have larger difference to the measurement result of same sample, therefore selects suitable method of testing to be primary.
The measuring method of coefficient of heat conductivity mainly contains stable state and dynamic two kinds of methods.Steady state method principle is simply clear, and degree of accuracy is high, but Measuring Time is longer, higher to requirement for environmental conditions.Wherein heat flow meter method is a kind of relative method, is to measure hot-fluid by sample with corrected heat flux sensor, and what obtain is the absolute value of coefficient of heat conductivity.But its shortcoming is that the coefficient of heat conductivity scope measuring material is narrow, and temperature range is limited, can only measure low thermal conductivity material and heat-insulating material.Protect its principle of work of flat plate heat method similar with heat flow method, be the highest method of the accuracy of generally acknowledging at present, can be used for the demarcation of authentic specimen and the calibration of other instruments.But its shortcoming is, Measuring Time is long, instrument price is high high, and can not study the heat-conductive characteristic of wet stock, can not be used for film, sample that coating equal thickness is little.Dynamic method is the new method of exploitation in nearest decades, for studying high heat conductive material, or measures under high-temperature condition.Wherein, heat-pole method is the method that Application comparison is many, and advantage is that product price is cheap, and measuring speed is fast, requires not too strict to sample size.Shortcoming is that analytical error is larger, is generally 5% ~ 10%.The shine measurement range of method of laser is very wide, but what record is the thermal diffusion coefficient of material, also need specific heat and the density of knowing sample, just by calculating coefficient of heat conductivity, and measure hot under coefficient of heat conductivity also need the numerical value of expansion coefficient, be only applicable to isotropy, homogeneous, lighttight material.Transition plane heat source method sticks probe on test specimen, and just can calculate the coefficient of heat conductivity of material after carrying out matching by the multivariate function to the response of specimen surface temperature, widely applicable, fast, but degree of accuracy is not necessarily high.
In principle, steady state method is a kind of pedestal method, and starting most is the foundation for detecting additive method precision.Such as, but in fact, the influence factor of steady state method energy Measurement accuracy is more, material properties, pattern, specification etc., and inconvenient operation, needs operating personnel to have stronger professional knowledge, so research Transient Method is trend in recent years.But the existing instrument based on Transient Method also exists some problems on home market, atmospheric humidity such as cannot be avoided the impact of sample self physical property, and little power sample cannot accurately measure, and the research especially for planetary science field has more limitation.For the moon, menology actual environment is under ultrahigh vacuum, and day and night temperature is comparatively large, and especially nocturnal temperature is lower.And the current thermal conductance instrument generally used, all cannot possess the test condition of temperature-control pressure-control under vacuum environment, thus the analysis of outer analog sample causes certain obstruction over the ground simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of new method measuring the coefficient of heat conductivity of little power sample under alternating temperature transformation condition under vacuum conditions.Described method is applicable to most material, particularly the powdered sample of trace (gram level) Minerals And Rocks; Described method by atmospheric effect, is not measured under vacuum conditions; And can change the measurement parameter such as temperature and pressure in real time, its controllability is good, and precision is high.This measuring method especially has more advantage for the research work of lunar science and comparative planetology, and the experimental data of associated analog sample can be provided to support.
Little power sample provided by the invention, it is volume required at 1.0 cm when testing
3~ 20.0 cm
3in scope.
The new method measuring the coefficient of heat conductivity of micro-example under alternating temperature transformation condition in vacuum environment of the present invention, measuring process is as follows:
(1) sample pre-treatments.According to oneself need sample preparation become grain diameter to be not more than the powder-like of 1mm, guarantee that sample mix is even, before measuring, drying and processing carried out to sample.
(2) sample is installed.The sample cell of the different volume size of how many selections measured per sample, by putting into sample cell through the sample of pre-treatment and test probe and being fixed, finally inserts sample cell in the vacuum cavity of freeze drier.
(3) sample test.Vacuumize process to the vacuum chamber of freeze drier, pressure adjustable extent is 1Pa ~ 1.013 × 10
5pa, and cavity temperature can be regulated simultaneously, adjustable temperature range is-190 DEG C ~ 200 DEG C.After pressure and temperature reach designated value, by obtaining the thermal conductivity value of sample under nominative testing condition to the operation of thermal conductance instrument related software.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, measuring method provided by the invention, require lower to the demand of sample, during measurement, its sample volume scope is at 1.0 cm
3~ 20.0 cm
3in, greatly reduce sample size, and the powdered sample that particle diameter is less than 1mm is not damaged.Especially to the extraterrestrial powdered sample (such as lunar dust, lunar soil) of rareness, not only consumption is few, former state can reclaim, and can also measure the coefficient of heat conductivity of this sample more accurately after having tested.
2, dress sample container provided by the invention, the demand not only can measured per sample selects the sample cell of not co-content specification, and this sample cell is provided with special probe socket, simplifies the operation, raises the efficiency.
3, test condition provided by the invention, can simultaneously control temperature and pressure two parameters, are conducive in depth studying the coefficient of heat conductivity of powdered sample systematically multi-facetedly.Especially, by measuring the relation curve of lunar dust and lunar soil coefficient of heat conductivity and temperature, pressure, infer space environment lunar dust, the actual coefficient of heat conductivity of lunar soil under different temperatures, pressure, to moon exploration program, manned moon landing, set up the engineerings such as lunar base and have larger directive significance.
4, test environment provided by the invention all under vacuum conditions, and favourable has discharged the adverse effect of external environment, such as atmospheric humidity, atmosphere convection etc.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the equipment schematic diagram measuring the coefficient of heat conductivity of little power sample under alternating temperature transformation condition in vacuum environment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the design diagram of sample cell;
Fig. 3 is before embodiment 1 measures pyroxene sample, the temperature drift chart of probe.The probe temperature rise before heating of measuring has slight fluctuation.For guarantee the reliability requirement of data at sample isothermal and also there is no temperature drift perform experiment.
Fig. 4 is the analysis result of test pyroxene sample under certain specified conditions, and open calculate key in Hot Disk software, the point removing some errors of beginning and end larger carries out analytical calculation, draws the thermal conductivity coefficient of test sample, thermal diffusion coefficient and thermal capacitance etc.
Fig. 5 is the coefficient of heat conductivity figure measuring pyroxene powdered sample before method of testing is improved at normal temperatures and pressures;
Fig. 6 is that after method of testing is improved, that is to say the method for the invention, embodiment 1 measures pyroxene powdered sample coefficient of heat conductivity figure at normal temperatures and pressures in vacuum environment;
Fig. 7 is the trend map of coefficient of heat conductivity with temperature and pressure change of embodiment 1 pyroxene powdered sample.
Fig. 8 is the coefficient of heat conductivity temperature variant trend map at ambient pressure of embodiment 3 Lunar soil simulants.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the new method measuring micro-example coefficient of heat conductivity under alternating temperature transformation condition of the present invention is described further.In following each embodiment use material to be powder, powder diameter is all not more than 1 mm; Sample cell is exclusive development; Conductometer is produced by Hot Disk company, and model is TPS 2500S; Freeze drier is manufactured by Beijing Sihuan Scientific Instrument Factory Co., Ltd, and model is LGJ-10D; Mechanical pump is produced by Shanghai Mu Hong vacuum equipment company limited, and model is DM2.
embodiment 1
(1) before method of testing is improved, sample pre-treatments.According to oneself need become grain diameter to be not more than the powder-like of 1mm pyroxene sample preparation, guarantee that sample mix is even, before measuring, drying and processing carried out to sample.
(2), before method of testing is improved, sample is installed.Select 13.0 cm
3sample cell, put into sample cell by according to the pyroxene powdered sample through pre-treatment described in step (1) and test probe, and sample cell be fixed in the test sample chamber of thermal conductance instrument first wife.
(3) before method of testing is improved, sample test.Under normal temperature and pressure conditions, measure the thermal conductivity coefficient of pyroxene powdered sample, Fig. 5 is shown in data result analysis.As can be seen from Fig. 5, same sample selects different time to measure respectively, and its coefficient of heat conductivity data fluctuations that causes affected by environment is comparatively large, and deviation is larger.
(4), after method of testing is improved, sample-pretreating method is as described in step (1).
(5), after method of testing is improved, sample is installed.Select 13.0 cm
3sample cell, sample cell being fixed will be put into according to the pyroxene powdered sample through pre-treatment described in step (4) and test probe, finally sample cell will be inserted in the vacuum cavity of freeze drier.
(6) after method of testing is improved, sample test.Vacuumize process to the vacuum chamber of freeze drier, pressure adjustable extent is 1Pa ~ 1.013 × 10
5pa, and cavity temperature can be regulated simultaneously, adjustable temperature range is-190 DEG C ~ 200 DEG C.The selected pressure of each measurement and temperature, after pressure and temperature reach designated value, the situation (see figure 3) of monitoring temperature drift, performs test experiments when guaranteeing at sample isothermal and do not have temperature drift.The thermal conductivity value (see figure 4) of sample under nominative testing condition is obtained by the operation of the related software to thermal conductance instrument.In vacuum environment, measure pyroxene powdered sample coefficient of heat conductivity at normal temperatures and pressures, Fig. 6 is shown in data result analysis.Data before improving with method of testing compare, and this group data deviation scope is less, and measurement result is more stable, more precisely.
(7) repeat step (6), when ensureing other parameter constants, change temperature value, measure one group of data every half an hour, the temperature variant trend map of coefficient of heat conductivity of pyroxene sample can be obtained, see Fig. 7 (longitudinally contrast).Can obtain from Fig. 7, the coefficient of heat conductivity of pyroxene increases with the rising of temperature.
(8) repeat step (6), when ensureing other parameter constants, change pressure values, measure one group of data every half an hour, the trend map of coefficient of heat conductivity with pressure change of pyroxene can be obtained, see Fig. 7 (across comparison).Can obtain from Fig. 7, the coefficient of heat conductivity of pyroxene increases with the increase of pressure.
embodiment 2
Dependence test work is carried out under the condition of this embodiment 2 all after method of testing is improved.
(1) sample pre-treatments.According to oneself need olivine sample is prepared into the powder-like that grain diameter is not more than 1mm, guarantee that sample mix is even, before measuring, drying and processing carried out to sample.
(2) sample is installed.Select 4.7 cm
3sample cell, sample cell being fixed will be put into according to the peridot powdered sample through pre-treatment described in step (1) and test probe, finally sample cell will be inserted in the vacuum cavity of freeze drier.
(3) sample test.Vacuumize process to the vacuum chamber of freeze drier, pressure adjustable extent is 1Pa ~ 1.013 × 10
5pa, and cavity temperature can be regulated simultaneously, adjustable temperature range is-190 DEG C ~ 200 DEG C.The selected pressure of each measurement and temperature, after pressure and temperature reach designated value, the situation (see figure 3) of monitoring temperature drift, performs test experiments when guaranteeing at sample isothermal and do not have temperature drift.By obtaining the thermal conductivity value (see figure 4) of sample under nominative testing condition to the operation of thermal conductance instrument related software.
(4) repeat step (3), when ensureing other parameter constants, change temperature value, measure one group of data every half an hour, can obtain the temperature variant trend map of coefficient of heat conductivity of peridot, its result is similar to Fig. 7.
(5) repeat step (3), when ensureing other parameter constants, change pressure values, measure one group of data every half an hour, can obtain the trend map of coefficient of heat conductivity with pressure change of peridot, its result is similar to Fig. 7.
embodiment 3
Dependence test work is carried out under the condition of this embodiment 3 all after method of testing is improved.
(1) sample pre-treatments.According to oneself need Lunar soil simulants is prepared into grain diameter and is not more than powder-like in 1mm, guarantee that sample mix is even, before measuring, drying and processing carried out to sample.
(2) sample is installed.Select 1.0 cm
3sample cell, sample cell being fixed will be put into according to the simulative lunar soil powdered sample through pre-treatment described in step (1) and test probe, finally sample cell will be inserted in the vacuum cavity of freeze drier.
(3) sample test.Vacuumize process to the vacuum chamber of freeze drier, pressure adjustable extent is 1Pa ~ 1.013 × 10
5pa, and cavity temperature can be regulated simultaneously, adjustable temperature range is-190 DEG C ~ 200 DEG C.The selected pressure of each measurement and temperature, after pressure and temperature reach designated value, the situation (see figure 3) of monitoring temperature drift, performs test experiments when guaranteeing at sample isothermal and do not have temperature drift.By obtaining the thermal conductivity value (see figure 4) of sample under nominative testing condition to the operation of thermal conductance instrument related software.
(4) repeat step (3), when ensureing other parameter constants, change pressure values, measure one group of data every half an hour, can obtain the trend map of coefficient of heat conductivity with pressure change of simulative lunar soil, its result is similar to Fig. 7.
(5) repeat step (3), ensure other parameter constants in atmospheric conditions, change temperature value, measure one group of data every half an hour, the temperature variant trend map of coefficient of heat conductivity (Fig. 8) of simulative lunar soil can be obtained.
Claims (8)
1. measure the new method of the coefficient of heat conductivity of little power sample under different temperatures, pressure conditions under vacuum conditions for one kind.
2. it is characterized in that measuring process is as follows: sample preparation is become graininess before measuring by (1), and carries out drying and processing to it; (2), after powdered sample and probe being put into the sample cell of specifying specification, sample cell is put into the vacuum chamber of freeze drier; (3) process being vacuumized to the vacuum chamber of freeze drier, and regulate cavity temperature and pressure simultaneously, reaching after setting value until parameter, by obtaining the thermal conductivity value of sample under nominative testing condition to the operation of thermal conductance instrument related software.
3. the method for measurement dusty material coefficient of heat conductivity according to claim 1, is characterized in that the whole process of described measurement carries out test job all under vacuum.
4. the method for measurement dusty material coefficient of heat conductivity according to claim 1, is characterized in that the method can simultaneously regulating and controlling temperature and pressure two parameters, can measure the coefficient of heat conductivity of powdered sample under different temperatures or different pressure conditions.
5. the method for measurement dusty material coefficient of heat conductivity according to claim 1, it is characterized in that this material when testing required powdered sample volume at 1.0 cm
3~ 20.0 cm
3in scope, the grain diameter of its powder is not more than 1mm.
6. the method for measurement dusty material coefficient of heat conductivity according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described sample cell is exclusive development, sample cell is made up of stainless steel, and provide special socket for popping one's head in, the volume specification of sample cell can customize according to demand, and its content volume scope is at 1.0 cm
3~ 20.0 cm
3in.
7., according to claim 1 or require described in 3 measuring method, it is characterized in that described temperature range is-190 DEG C ~ 200 DEG C.
8., according to claim 1 or require described in 3 measuring method, it is characterized in that described pressure range is 1Pa ~ 1.013 × 10
5pa.
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Cited By (6)
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CN106525899A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-03-22 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Device for measuring heat conduction coefficients of powder on basis of steady-state method |
CN106706701A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-24 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Device for measuring heat conductivity coefficient of powder on basis of transient plane heat source method |
CN106950249A (en) * | 2017-03-14 | 2017-07-14 | 东北大学 | The analysis experimental provision of rock thermal conductivity is tested under a kind of simulation different pressures |
CN106950438A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-07-14 | 中国科学院地球化学研究所 | Contactless Space Particle measuring device with electricity and method |
CN108344766A (en) * | 2018-02-23 | 2018-07-31 | 洛阳师范学院 | One organic molecular species photoelectric material thermodynamic property test method |
CN113295731A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-08-24 | 中国矿业大学 | Powder sample thermophysical property testing device and method under low-gravity high-vacuum environment |
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Cited By (8)
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CN106525899A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-03-22 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Device for measuring heat conduction coefficients of powder on basis of steady-state method |
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CN106950438A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-07-14 | 中国科学院地球化学研究所 | Contactless Space Particle measuring device with electricity and method |
CN106950438B (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2023-06-02 | 中国科学院地球化学研究所 | Non-contact space particle charged detection device and method |
CN108344766A (en) * | 2018-02-23 | 2018-07-31 | 洛阳师范学院 | One organic molecular species photoelectric material thermodynamic property test method |
CN113295731A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-08-24 | 中国矿业大学 | Powder sample thermophysical property testing device and method under low-gravity high-vacuum environment |
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