CN104214970A - Anti-freezing defrosting-type solar flat plate collector - Google Patents
Anti-freezing defrosting-type solar flat plate collector Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104214970A CN104214970A CN201310754884.5A CN201310754884A CN104214970A CN 104214970 A CN104214970 A CN 104214970A CN 201310754884 A CN201310754884 A CN 201310754884A CN 104214970 A CN104214970 A CN 104214970A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- plate
- solar collector
- housing
- temperature
- deep bead
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000127225 Enceliopsis nudicaulis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000002925 dental caries Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
Landscapes
- Defrosting Systems (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an anti-freezing defrosting-type solar flat plate collector and aims at providing an anti-freezing defrosting-type solar flat plate collector capable of effectively preventing freezing and rapidly defrosting. The anti-freezing defrosting-type solar flat plate collector comprises a bottom plate, a heat collection plate, refrigerant pipes, an outer frame and a single-chip microcomputer, wherein the heat collection plate is arranged on the bottom plate; the refrigerant pipes are arranged in the heat collection plate; the outer frame covers the heat collection plate and the bottom plate; a cavity is formed between the outer frame and the heat collection plate; a ventilation mechanism used for regulating supply air rate in the cavity is arranged on the side face of the outer frame and at the position of the cavity; the outer frame is provided with a temperature-sensing element; the back face of the heat collection plate is provided with an electrical heating element; the temperature-sensing element and the electrical heating element are respectively connected with the single-chip microcomputer. The anti-freezing defrosting-type solar flat plate collector disclosed by the invention has the beneficial effects that the anti-freezing heat preservation effect is good; the rapid defrosting effect is achieved; the defrosting efficiency is improved; the air flow between the heat collection plate and the outer frame can be changed according to different environmental requirements, and therefore the use ratio of air energy is changed to ensure the anti-freezing heat preservation effect of each refrigerant pipe.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of solar thermal collector, refer in particular to a kind of antifreeze frost removal type plate solar collector.
Background technology
In the heat utilization of solar energy, key is that the radiant energy of the sun is converted to heat energy.Because solar energy relatively disperses, must manage it to put together, so heat collector is the various key components of utilizing solar energy equipment.The heat collector that efficiency is higher forms by collecting with absorption plant.Heat collector generally can be divided into the several types such as flat plate collector, concentrating collector and plane mirror.Flat plate collector is generally used for solar water heater etc.For temperature at the cold district below 0 ℃, when existing plate solar collector is externally worked in environment, there is frosting or the phenomenon that freezes in the outer surface at plate solar collector easily, and this just causes plate solar collector service efficiency to decline.
Chinese patent Granted publication number: CN203216035U, September 25 2013 Granted publication day, a kind of solar heat pump heater heat collector is disclosed, it comprises refrigerant circulation pipeline, described refrigerant circulation pipeline is provided with by refrigerant inflow pipeline section and refrigerant and flows out the described L-type connected node that pipeline section forms, and described L-type connected node is provided with the refrigerant that flows into pipeline section inflow from refrigerant is reflexed to the plane of reflection that refrigerant flows out pipeline section.This utility model has solved refrigerant while flowing through L-type connected node, and energy consumption increases large problem, its weak point is, for temperature at the cold district below 0 ℃, when existing plate solar collector is externally worked in environment, there is frosting or the phenomenon that freezes in the outer surface at plate solar collector easily, and this just causes plate solar collector service efficiency to decline.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome in prior art, there is above-mentioned deficiency in the present invention, provide a kind of can be effectively antifreeze and the antifreeze frost removal type plate solar collector of quickly defrosting.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
Antifreeze frost removal type plate solar collector, plate solar collector connects heat pump, comprise base plate, adopt hot plate, refrigerant pipe, housing and single-chip microcomputer, the described hot plate of adopting is arranged on base plate, described refrigerant pipe is arranged on the inside of adopting hot plate, described housing covers to be adopted on hot plate and base plate, described housing and adopt and form a cavity between hot plate, the side of described housing and be placed in empty cavity position place and be provided with for regulating the ventilating mechanisms of intake in cavity, described housing is provided with temperature-sensing element, the described hot plate back side of adopting is provided with heating, described temperature-sensing element is all connected single-chip microcomputer with heating.
The present invention detects for the surface of whole plate solar collector by the temperature-sensing element on housing, if while there is frost situation in the surface of plate solar collector, temperature-sensing element passes to single-chip microcomputer by the temperature value collecting, by single-chip microcomputer, controlling heating adopts hot plate and heats, in heating, temperature-sensing element passes to single-chip microcomputer in real time by the temperature value collecting, when temperature is able to remove the numerical value of frost, Single-chip Controlling heating quits work; Simultaneously, single-chip microcomputer is also controlled ventilating mechanisms and is changed the air flow amount in cavity, because this plate solar collector connects heat pump, so can affect the heating effect of this plate solar collector by heat pump, design, for temperature at the cold district below 0 ℃, can defrost to plate solar collector effectively antifreeze and fast like this.
As preferably, described housing is made by clear glass, described housing comprises plate after a positive plate, two blocks of side plates and, and the positive plate of described housing is provided with temperature-sensing element, and described ventilating mechanisms is placed in side plate near positive plate one end and is placed in empty cavity position place.The housing of sunray by clear glass is radiated to be adopted on hot plate, can effectively protect and adopt hot plate on the one hand, by regulate the ventilating mechanisms of housing side to control the temperature of adopting cavity between hot plate and housing simultaneously, improves the efficiency of adopting hot plate on the other hand.
As preferably, described ventilating mechanisms comprises the air vent that is arranged on side plate, for blocking the deep bead of air vent and for regulating the motor governor motion of deep bead, described side plate is inner and be provided with chute with vent locations corresponding section, described deep bead is arranged in chute, described deep bead is provided with the through hole relative with air vent, the rear plate of described housing is provided with motor governor motion, described motor governor motion connects deep bead, and described motor governor motion connects single-chip microcomputer.By motor governor motion, regulate the position of deep bead, through hole on change deep bead and the air vent relative position on housing side plate, thereby the air flow amount in change cavity, because this plate solar collector connects heat pump, so can affect the heating effect of this plate solar collector by heat pump.
As preferably, described refrigerant pipe outside is with electric-heating belt, and described electric-heating belt is electrically connected to single-chip microcomputer.Be accompanied by the use of electric-heating belt, the temperature that effectively volitional check is heated, good carries out anti-freezing and heat-insulating to refrigerant pipe.Single-chip microcomputer is by gathering the numerical value on electric-heating belt, control the action of motor governor motion, when the temperature of electric-heating belt heating gradually near limit temperature time, Single-chip Controlling motor governor motion regulates the unlatching size of housing side plate upper vent hole and cuts out, thereby control the air flow amount in cavity, change the heating to this plate solar collector.
As preferably, described motor governor motion comprises motor and can move the adjusting rod that regulates deep bead, and described motor is arranged on the rear plate of housing, and described adjusting rod one end is fixed on deep bead, and the described adjusting rod other end connects motor.Single-chip Controlling motor, motor regulates deep bead by adjusting rod, thereby changes the position relationship of through hole and housing side plate upper vent hole on deep bead, to regulate the air flow amount in cavity, thus the anti-freezing and heat-insulating of assurance to refrigerant pipe indirectly.
As preferably, described heating is Electric radiant Heating Film or carbon epitaxial, and described temperature-sensing element is temperature sensor.Because Electric radiant Heating Film or carbon epitaxial are pure resistor element circuit, therefore its conversion efficiency is high.By itself and single-chip microcomputer and temperature sensor, be used in combination, can greatly improve the defrosting efficiency of plate solar collector.
As preferably, between described refrigerant pipe and housing, be provided with insulating foam, described refrigerant pipe is arranged on insulating foam.Further indirectly improved the anti-freezing and heat-insulating effect to refrigerant pipe.
As preferably, the thickness of described insulating foam is 2-5cm.
As preferably, described refrigerant pipe and to adopt hot plate be integrated.Improved the intensity of adopting hot plate and refrigerant pipe.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: there is good anti-freezing and heat-insulating effect, the effect with quickly defrosting, improved defrosting efficiency, the air flow amount between can changing in cavity according to different environmental demand, thereby change air can utilization rate guarantee the anti-freezing and heat-insulating effect of refrigerant pipe.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is top view of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional view at AA place in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional view at BB place in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the front view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 5 is the cross-sectional view at CC place in Fig. 4.
In figure: 1. base plate, 2. refrigerant pipe, 3. adopts hot plate, 4. temperature-sensing element, 5. heating, 6. housing, 60. positive plates, 61. side plates, 62. rear plates, 7. insulating foam, 8. deep bead, 9. air vent, 10. through hole, 11. chutes, 12. motor governor motions, 13. cavitys.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention will be further described.
As Fig. 1, Fig. 2, in embodiment described in Fig. 3, antifreeze frost removal type plate solar collector, plate solar collector connects heat pump, comprise base plate 1, adopt hot plate 3, refrigerant pipe 2, housing 6 and single-chip microcomputer, adopting hot plate 3 is arranged on base plate 1, refrigerant pipe 2 is arranged on the inside of adopting hot plate 3, refrigerant pipe 2 is integrated with adopting hot plate 3, refrigerant pipe 2 outsides are with electric-heating belt, housing 6 covers to be adopted on hot plate 3 and base plate 1, housing 6 and adopt and form a cavity 13 between hot plate 3, the side of housing 6 and be placed in cavity 13 positions and be provided with for regulating the ventilating mechanisms of cavity 13 interior intakes, housing 6 is provided with temperature-sensing element 4, adopt hot plate 3 back sides and be provided with heating 5, electric-heating belt, temperature-sensing element 4, heating 5 is all connected single-chip microcomputer with ventilating mechanisms, heating 5 is Electric radiant Heating Film or carbon epitaxial, temperature-sensing element 4 is temperature sensor.Wherein: housing 6 is made by clear glass, housing 6 comprises plate 61 after a positive plate 60, two blocks of side plates 62 and, and the positive plate 60 of housing 6 is provided with temperature-sensing element 4, and ventilating mechanisms is placed in side plate 62 near positive plate 60 one end and is placed in cavity 13 positions.As shown in Figure 4, Figure 5, ventilating mechanisms comprises the air vent 9 that is arranged on side plate 62, for blocking the deep bead 8 of air vent 9 and for regulating the motor governor motion 12 of deep bead 8, side plate 62 is inner and be provided with chute 11 with air vent 9 corresponding sections, position, deep bead 8 is arranged in chute 11, deep bead 8 is provided with the through hole 10 relative with air vent 9, the rear plate 61 of housing 6 is provided with motor governor motion 12, and motor governor motion 12 connects deep bead 8, and motor governor motion 12 connects single-chip microcomputer.Motor governor motion 12 comprises motor and can move the adjusting rod that regulates deep bead 8, motor is arranged on the rear plate 61 of housing 1, adjusting rod one end is fixed on deep bead 8, and the adjusting rod other end connects motor, adopts between hot plate 2 and base plate 1 and housing 6 and is tightly connected.Between refrigerant pipe 2 and base plate 1, be provided with insulating foam 7, the thickness of insulating foam 7 is 2-5cm.
The present invention is that positive plate 60 carries out temperature detection by the temperature-sensing element 4 on housing 6 for the surface of plate solar collector, by temperature detection, can judge whether plate solar collector surface exists frost phenomenon, if while there is frost situation on the surface of plate solar collector in judgement, temperature-sensing element 4 passes to single-chip microcomputer by the temperature value collecting, by single-chip microcomputer, control heating 5 and adopt hot plate 2 heating, and heating 5 is in heating, temperature-sensing element 4 passes to single-chip microcomputer in real time by the temperature value collecting, when temperature is able to remove the numerical value of frost, Single-chip Controlling heating 5 quits work, design for temperature at the cold district below 0 ℃ like this, can effectively to plate solar collector, carry out defrost operation fast.When defrosting, by Single-chip Controlling motor governor motion 12, make deep bead 8 in the interior slip of chute 11, by changing through hole 10, open and close passage 9 with the relative position of passage 9, by electric adjusting mechanism 6, regulate the position of deep bead 8 in chute 11 simultaneously, change the size of passage 9, thereby the air flow amount between in cavity 13, because this plate solar collector connects heat pump, so can affect the heating effect of this plate solar collector by heat pump, and be accompanied by the use of electric-heating belt, the temperature that effectively volitional check is heated, good in refrigerant pipe 2 row anti-freezing and heat-insulatings.Single-chip microcomputer is by gathering the numerical value on electric-heating belt, controlling motor governor motion 12 does, when the temperature of electric-heating belt heating gradually near limit temperature time, Single-chip Controlling motor governor motion 12 regulates the position of deep bead 8, reduce the air flow amount in cavity 13, thereby reduce the heating to this plate solar collector.
Claims (9)
1. antifreeze frost removal type plate solar collector, plate solar collector connects heat pump, it is characterized in that, comprise base plate (1), adopt hot plate (3), refrigerant pipe (2), housing (6) and single-chip microcomputer, the described hot plate (3) of adopting is arranged on base plate (1), described refrigerant pipe (2) is arranged on the inside of adopting hot plate (3), described housing (6) covers to be adopted on hot plate (3) and base plate (1), described housing (6) and adopt and form a cavity (13) between hot plate (3), the side of described housing (6) and be placed in cavity (13) position and be provided with for regulating the ventilating mechanisms of the interior intake of cavity (13), described housing (6) is provided with temperature-sensing element (4), described hot plate (3) back side of adopting is provided with heating (5), described temperature-sensing element (4), heating (5) is all connected single-chip microcomputer with ventilating mechanisms.
2. antifreeze frost removal type plate solar collector according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described housing (6) is made by clear glass, described housing (6) comprises plate (61) after a positive plate (60), two blocks of side plates (62) and, the positive plate (60) of described housing (6) is provided with temperature-sensing element (4), and described ventilating mechanisms is placed in side plate (62) near positive plate (60) one end and is placed in cavity (13) position.
3. antifreeze frost removal type plate solar collector according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described ventilating mechanisms comprises the air vent (9) being arranged on side plate (62), be used for blocking the deep bead (8) of air vent (9) and for regulating the motor governor motion (12) of deep bead (8), described side plate (62) is inner and be provided with chute (11) with air vent (9) corresponding section, position, described deep bead (8) is arranged in chute (11), described deep bead (8) is provided with the through hole (10) relative with air vent (9), the rear plate (61) of described housing (6) is provided with motor governor motion (12), described motor governor motion (12) connects deep bead (8), described motor governor motion (12) connects single-chip microcomputer.
4. according to the antifreeze frost removal type plate solar collector described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterized in that, described refrigerant pipe (2) outside is with electric-heating belt, and described electric-heating belt is electrically connected to single-chip microcomputer.
5. antifreeze frost removal type plate solar collector according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described motor governor motion (12) comprises motor and can move the adjusting rod that regulates deep bead (8), described motor is arranged on the rear plate (61) of housing (1), it is upper that described adjusting rod one end is fixed on deep bead (8), and the described adjusting rod other end connects motor.
6. according to the antifreeze frost removal type plate solar collector described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterized in that, described heating (5) is Electric radiant Heating Film or carbon epitaxial, and described temperature-sensing element (4) is temperature sensor.
7. antifreeze frost removal type plate solar collector according to claim 3, is characterized in that, between described refrigerant pipe (2) and base plate (1), is provided with insulating foam (7).
8. antifreeze frost removal type plate solar collector according to claim 7, is characterized in that, the thickness of described insulating foam (7) is 2-5cm.
9. antifreeze frost removal type plate solar collector according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described refrigerant pipe (2) and to adopt hot plate (3) be integrated.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310754884.5A CN104214970B (en) | 2013-12-31 | 2013-12-31 | Antifreeze frost removal type plate solar collector |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310754884.5A CN104214970B (en) | 2013-12-31 | 2013-12-31 | Antifreeze frost removal type plate solar collector |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104214970A true CN104214970A (en) | 2014-12-17 |
| CN104214970B CN104214970B (en) | 2016-04-20 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310754884.5A Expired - Fee Related CN104214970B (en) | 2013-12-31 | 2013-12-31 | Antifreeze frost removal type plate solar collector |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104214970B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114739020A (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-07-12 | 江苏君杰新能源有限公司 | Anti-freezing flat-plate solar collector |
| CN119665295A (en) * | 2024-12-19 | 2025-03-21 | 北京工业大学 | A direct radiation adaptive heat pump system |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS58205047A (en) * | 1982-05-26 | 1983-11-29 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | solar water heater |
| CN201866959U (en) * | 2010-06-12 | 2011-06-15 | 赖钰锐 | Built-in heat tracing belt for pipeline of solar heat collector |
| CN202470481U (en) * | 2012-02-23 | 2012-10-03 | 张德平 | Antifreezing flat-plate solar collector |
| CN202532728U (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2012-11-14 | 广东五星太阳能股份有限公司 | Flat-panel solar collectors with antifreeze |
| CN203731716U (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-07-23 | 冯卓林 | Anti-freezing defrosting solar flat plate collector |
-
2013
- 2013-12-31 CN CN201310754884.5A patent/CN104214970B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS58205047A (en) * | 1982-05-26 | 1983-11-29 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | solar water heater |
| CN201866959U (en) * | 2010-06-12 | 2011-06-15 | 赖钰锐 | Built-in heat tracing belt for pipeline of solar heat collector |
| CN202470481U (en) * | 2012-02-23 | 2012-10-03 | 张德平 | Antifreezing flat-plate solar collector |
| CN202532728U (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2012-11-14 | 广东五星太阳能股份有限公司 | Flat-panel solar collectors with antifreeze |
| CN203731716U (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-07-23 | 冯卓林 | Anti-freezing defrosting solar flat plate collector |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114739020A (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-07-12 | 江苏君杰新能源有限公司 | Anti-freezing flat-plate solar collector |
| CN119665295A (en) * | 2024-12-19 | 2025-03-21 | 北京工业大学 | A direct radiation adaptive heat pump system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104214970B (en) | 2016-04-20 |
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| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20190529 Address after: 518000 Building 2101, Changfu Jinmao Building, South Side of Flower Road, Fubao Street, Futian District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province Patentee after: SHENZHEN TIME ENERGY SAVING TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Address before: 315400 Room 504, 217 Beibinjiang Road, Yuyao City, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province Patentee before: Feng Zhuolin |
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Effective date of registration: 20200604 Address after: 518000 Building 2101, Changfu Jinmao Building, South Side of Flower Road, Fubao Street, Futian District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province Patentee after: Shenzhen haoshidai Energy Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 518000 Building 2101, Changfu Jinmao Building, South Side of Flower Road, Fubao Street, Futian District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province Patentee before: SHENZHEN TIME ENERGY SAVING TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. |
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| EE01 | Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract |
Application publication date: 20141217 Assignee: Shenzhen south intellectual property operation center Co.,Ltd. Assignor: Shenzhen haoshidai Energy Technology Co.,Ltd. Contract record no.: X2020980008198 Denomination of invention: Anti freezing and defrosting solar flat plate collector Granted publication date: 20160420 License type: Common License Record date: 20201118 |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20160420 Termination date: 20211231 |