CN104191083B - 一种复合板分段布药爆炸方法 - Google Patents

一种复合板分段布药爆炸方法 Download PDF

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CN104191083B
CN104191083B CN201410371188.0A CN201410371188A CN104191083B CN 104191083 B CN104191083 B CN 104191083B CN 201410371188 A CN201410371188 A CN 201410371188A CN 104191083 B CN104191083 B CN 104191083B
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刘自军
陈寿军
张方晓
黄雪
吴小玲
李丰梅
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Huangshan Shuntian Titanium New Material Technology Co ltd
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Nanjing Three Novel Material Science And Technology Ltd Of Nation
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/06Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of high energy impulses, e.g. magnetic energy
    • B23K20/08Explosive welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/22Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
    • B23K20/233Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded without ferrous layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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Abstract

本发明提供一种复合板分段布药爆炸方法,针对大面积复合板爆炸焊接,采用不同爆速分段布药,控制覆板各点处的爆炸荷载基本保持在一定范围内,避免因爆速过大引起金属熔化而产生含有间隙、空洞等缺陷的大波状结合,从而控制基、覆板之间的碰撞速度,能够对改变复合板的整体结合强度、变形和对解决爆炸焊接中的覆板撕裂等问题十分有利,提高复合板的结合强度和边缘结合质量,实现复合板整个界面都呈现微小波状结合的理想目标。

Description

一种复合板分段布药爆炸方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种爆炸焊接方法,尤其是复合板分段布药爆炸焊接的方法。
背景技术
在以往爆炸焊接金属复合板的工艺中,常采用传统的均匀布药方式,所得爆炸焊接复合板的界面结合波,沿着爆轰方向由小波状到大波状,且当到达稳定爆轰后,界面波波形仍在缓慢增大。其结果会造成部分结合强度不高、边缘不结合或覆板撕裂。尤其是采用中心起爆方式焊接的复合板,在距中心起爆点1800mm-2200mm的位置经常发生不结合或者覆板撕裂现象,长度在10-30mm;在板材两端也会出现类似现象,此现象叫做边界效应。
发明内容
本发明为了解决撕裂问题以及降低边界效应问题,针对大面积钛、锆、钽、铌等稀有金属板铝、铜和不锈钢等覆层材料的爆炸焊接;采用不同爆速分段布药,通过改变布药方式,控制爆速大小,使覆板在各点处的爆炸荷载保持稳定,避免因爆速过大引起金属熔化而产生含有间隙、空洞等缺陷的大波状结合,从而控制基、覆板之间的碰撞速度,提高复合板的结合强度和边缘结合质量,实现复合板整个界面都呈现微小波状结合的理想目标。本发明提供一种分段布药的新工艺,能够对改变复合板的整体结合强度、变形和对解决爆炸焊接中的覆板撕裂等问题十分有利,从很大程度上优化了焊接工艺。
本发明涉及的复合板分段技布药爆炸方法技术方案为,其方法步骤包括:一种复合板分段布药爆炸方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
1)基板、覆板;将经过表面处理过的基板和覆板安装在炮台上,所述基板和覆板形状为长方形;
2)布置边框;在覆板的四周安装用于阻挡炸药的边框;
3)装药;将覆板以长度方向的中心轴线为准,中轴线方向上轴对称的划分为5个区域,两侧对称的划分成中心的区域一、区域一两侧对称的两个区域二、区域二两侧对称的两个区域三;在所述区域一中装入低爆速炸药,在所述区域二中装入高爆速炸药,在所述区域三中装入低爆速炸药;
4)安装起爆雷管;在所述覆板中心安装起爆雷管;
5)起爆焊接;
6)后处理:包括校平、打磨及热处理成复合板材。
作为优选的技术方案,其中低爆速炸药为参有稀释剂的粉状乳化炸药,爆速为1800m/s-2000m/s,布药高度为30-40mm。高爆速炸药为参有稀释剂的粉状乳化炸药,爆速为2200m/s-2400m/s,布药高度为30-40mm。
作为优选的技术方案,上述步骤中的进一步特征有,区域一的面积占总面积的15%-45%、区域三的面积占总面积的20%-30%。
另外,本发明还提供了爆炸圆形复合板材的方法:一种复合板分段布药爆炸方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
1)基板、覆板;将经过表面处理过的基板和覆板安装在炮台上,所述基板和覆板形状为圆形;
2)布置边框;在覆板的圆周安装用于阻挡炸药的边框;
3)装药;将覆板沿着圆形方向上划分为中心圆形的区域一,包围区域一的呈环形的区域二,包围区域二延伸至覆板边界的环形的区域三;在所述区域一中装入低爆速炸药,在所述区域二中装入高爆速炸药,在所述区域三中装入低爆速炸药;
4)安装起爆雷管;在所述覆板中心安装起爆雷管;
5)起爆焊接;
6)后处理:包括校平、打磨及热处理成复合板材。
作为优选的技术方案,本方法进一步的特征有:低爆速炸药为参有稀释剂的粉状乳化炸药,爆速为1800m/s-2000m/s,布药高度为30-40mm。所述高爆速炸药为参有稀释剂的粉状乳化炸药,爆速为2200m/s-2400m/s,布药高度为30-40mm。区域一的面积占总面积的15%-45%、区域三的面积占总面积的20%-30%。
作为优选的技术方案,上述两种方法均适用于:基板为合金钢或碳钢;所述覆板为铝、铜、钛、锆、钽、铌或不锈钢的一种或多种。
本发明的有益效果是:由力学性能测试和检验表明,大波状结合界面中由于存在空洞、间隙等大量微观缺陷,致使复合板的结合质量有所下降,而微小波状结合界面具有较高的结合强度,是最佳的结合界面。在爆炸焊接过程中,炸药的爆速在一定装药范围内随着厚度的增加而增加,而爆速的大小决定了覆板的运动速度,以及覆板和基板的高速碰撞而引起的基板、覆板表面的压力大小的分布。本发明以钛板与大面积碳钢板的爆炸焊接实验为例,提出分段布药的新工艺,通过实验实验,结果表明:通过改变布药方式,对改变复合板的整体结合强度、变形和对解决爆炸焊接中的覆板撕裂等问题十分有利,从很大程度上优化了焊接工艺,具有较高的实际应用价值。且环形的布置效果更好。
附图说明
图1是表示复合板爆炸焊接的均匀布药示意图;
图2是表示采用图1方式焊接后复合板爆炸边缘撕裂示意图;
图3(a)是表示采用图1方式爆炸焊接后材料2600mm位置的界面金相图;
图3(b)是表示采用图1方式爆炸焊接后材料2000mm位置的界面金相图;
图3(c)是表示采用图1方式爆炸焊接后材料1000mm位置的界面金相图;
图4是表示分段布药不同爆速布药实施例一的示意图;
图5是表示分段布药不同爆速布药实施例二的示意图;
图6(a)是表示采用图4方式爆炸焊接后材料2600mm位置的界面金相图;
图6(b)是表示采用图4方式爆炸焊接后材料2000mm位置的界面金相图;
图6(c)是表示采用图4方式爆炸焊接后材料1000mm位置的界面金相图。
图中:1、起爆雷管,2、区域一,3a、区域二,3b、区域二,4a、区域三,4b、区域三,5、覆板,6、边框,7、起爆雷管,8、覆板,9、边框,10、区域一,11、区域二,12、区域三、13起爆雷管。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的较佳实施例进行详细阐述,以使本发明的优点和特征能更易于被本领域技术人员理解,从而对本发明的保护范围做出更为清楚明确的界定。并且应该理解在此使用的措辞和术语是用于说明目的的,而不应该认为是作为限制性的。
作为对比,采用如图1所示的基板采用基板为Q345R,规格为2460*5960*20mm;覆板为TA10(钛),规格为2500*6000*4mm。均匀布药、起爆雷管1安装在中心起爆方法爆炸焊接的方法起爆的复合板,所得到的复合板的易产生如图2所示的边缘撕裂。以起爆点为中心,分别取2600mm、2000mm、1000mm位置处试样,通过界面测试如图3(a)、(b)、(c)所示,可以看出其波形的变化较大,在同一爆速均匀布药工艺下所得爆炸焊接界面波明显地分为微波状、小波状和大波状,并且从金相照片图观察到大波状结合界面上有大量的因金属熔化而产生的间隙、空洞等缺陷。
实施例一
一种复合板分段布药爆炸方法,如图4所示,包括以下步骤:
1)基板、覆板5;基板采用基板为Q345R,规格为2460*5960*20mm;覆板为TA10(钛),规格为2500*6000*4mm。基板和覆板形状均为为长方形;将经过表面处理过的基板和覆板安装在炮台上。
2)布置边框;在覆板的四周安装用于阻挡炸药的边框6;其中边框为木质或者纤维板材质。
3)装药;如图4所示,将覆板1以长度方向的中心轴线为准,中轴线方向上轴对称的划分为5个区域,两侧对称的划分成中心的区域一2、区域一两侧对称的两个区域二(3a、3b)、区域二两侧对称的两个区域三(4a、4b);在所述区域一(2a、2b)中装入低爆速炸药;低爆速炸药为参有稀释剂的粉状乳化炸药,爆速为1800m/s-2000m/s,布药高度为30-40mm可优选35mm±2mm。在所述区域二(3a、3b)中装入高爆速炸药,高爆速炸药为参有稀释剂的粉状乳化炸药,爆速为2200m/s-2400m/s,布药高度为30-40mm,可优选35mm±2mm。,在所述区域三(4a、4b)中装入与区域一相同的低爆速炸药。其中区域一的面积占总面积的15%-45%、区域三的面积占总面积的20%-30%。
4)安装起爆雷管;在覆板1的中心安装起爆雷管5。
5)起爆焊接。
6)后处理:包括校平、打磨及热处理成复合板材。
经过爆炸焊接后的复合板无出现撕裂情况。
实施例二
本发明还提供了爆炸圆形复合板材的方法:如图5所示,包括以下步骤:
1)基板、覆板8;将经过表面处理过的基板和覆板安装在炮台上,所述基板和覆板形状为圆形;基板规格为直径4020mm厚20mm;覆板为TA10(钛),规格为直径4000mm厚4mm。
2)布置边框;在覆板8的圆周安装用于阻挡炸药的边框9。
3)如图所示,装药;将覆板沿着圆形方向上划分为中心圆形的区域一10,包围区域一的呈环形的区域二11,包围区域二延伸至覆板边界的环形的区域三12;在所述区域一10中装入低爆速炸药,在所述区域二11中装入高爆速炸药,在所述区域三12中装入低爆速炸药。
4)安装起爆雷管;在所述覆板中心安装起爆雷管13。
5)起爆焊接。
6)后处理:包括校平、打磨及热处理成复合板材。
作为优选的技术方案,本方法进一步的特征有:低爆速炸药为参有稀释剂的粉状乳化炸药,爆速为1800m/s-2000m/s,布药高度为30-40mm。所述高爆速炸药为参有稀释剂的粉状乳化炸药,爆速为2200m/s-2400m/s,布药高度为30-40mm。区域一10的面积占总面积的15%-45%、区域三12的面积占总面积的20%-30%。
实施例三
在基本覆板选择上,基板还可以是其他常见的合金钢或碳钢;覆板为铝、铜、钛、锆、钽、铌或不锈钢的一种或多种。其中覆板如果是锆、钽、铌等稀有金属由于其熔点较高两层板容易出现不结合现象,而在基板和覆板之间增加一层缓冲层薄的钛板。其爆炸焊接的布药方式如上述的两个实施例所述在此不再赘述。
为了比较均匀布药和分段式布药方式对结合界面波的影响,实施例一对相同尺寸的不同布药方式的复合板取样做测试分析,以起爆点为中心,在同一位置选取试样,同一爆速和不同爆速布药所得复合板界面:通过界面测试如图6(a)、(b)、(c)所示为在不同爆速分段布药工艺下所得复合板的界面波基本上为微波状和小波状,有效地避免了大波状结合界面的产生,进一步提高了复合板的结合质量。同一爆速均匀布药爆炸钛钢复合板采用不同爆速分段式布药爆炸复合后钛板质量情况完好,未出现边缘或端部不结合和撕裂现象。
本发明未经描述的技术特征可以通过现有技术实现,在此不再赘述。当然,上述说明并非是对本发明的限制,本发明也并不仅限于上述举例,本技术领域的普通技术人员在本发明的实质范围内所做出的变化、改型、添加或替换,也应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (3)

1.一种复合板分段布药爆炸方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
1)基板、覆板;将经过表面处理过的基板和覆板安装在炮台上,所述基板和覆板形状为长方形;
2)布置边框;在覆板的四周安装用于阻挡炸药的边框;
3)装药;将覆板以长度方向的中心轴线为准,中轴线方向上轴对称的划分为5个区域,两侧对称的划分成中心的区域一、区域一两侧对称的两个区域二、区域二两侧对称的两个区域三;在所述区域一中装入低爆速炸药,在所述区域二中装入高爆速炸药,在所述区域三中装入低爆速炸药;
4)安装起爆雷管;在所述覆板中心安装起爆雷管;
5)起爆焊接;
6)后处理:包括校平、打磨及热处理成复合板材;所述低爆速炸药为掺有稀释剂的粉状乳化炸药,爆速为1800m/s-2000m/s,布药高度为30-40mm;所述高爆速炸药为掺有稀释剂的粉状乳化炸药,爆速为2200m/s-2400m/s,布药高度为30-40mm;所述区域一的面积占总面积的15%-45%、区域三的面积占总面积的20%-30%。
2.一种复合板分段布药爆炸方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
1)基板、覆板;将经过表面处理过的基板和覆板安装在炮台上,所述基板和覆板形状为圆形;
2)布置边框;在覆板的圆周安装用于阻挡炸药的边框;
3)装药;将覆板沿着圆形方向上划分为中心圆形的区域一,包围区域一的呈环形的区域二,包围区域二延伸至覆板边界的环形的区域三;在所述区域一中装入低爆速炸药,在所述区域二中装入高爆速炸药,在所述区域三中装入低爆速炸药;
4)安装起爆雷管;在所述覆板中心安装起爆雷管;
5)起爆焊接;
6)后处理:包括校平、打磨及热处理成复合板材;所述低爆速炸药为掺有稀释剂的粉状乳化炸药,爆速为1800m/s-2000m/s,布药高度为30-40mm;所述高爆速炸药为掺有稀释剂的粉状乳化炸药,爆速为2200m/s-2400m/s,布药高度为30-40mm;所述区域一的面积占总面积的15%-45%、区域三的面积占总面积的20%-30%。
3.根据权利要求2所述的爆炸焊接方法,其特征在于:所述基板为合金钢或碳钢;所述覆板为铝、铜、钛、锆、钽、铌或不锈钢的一种或多种。
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