CN104185752B - 无级变速器及其液压控制方法 - Google Patents

无级变速器及其液压控制方法 Download PDF

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CN104185752B
CN104185752B CN201380013863.6A CN201380013863A CN104185752B CN 104185752 B CN104185752 B CN 104185752B CN 201380013863 A CN201380013863 A CN 201380013863A CN 104185752 B CN104185752 B CN 104185752B
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CN104185752A (zh
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高桥诚一郎
江口岳
歌川智洋
石锅雄太
泉彻也
小林隆浩
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
JATCO Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/66Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
    • F16H61/662Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members
    • F16H61/66231Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members controlling shifting exclusively as a function of speed
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    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/66Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
    • F16H61/662Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members
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    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
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    • F16H61/662Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members
    • F16H61/66272Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members characterised by means for controlling the torque transmitting capability of the gearing
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    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/66Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
    • F16H61/662Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members
    • F16H61/66231Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members controlling shifting exclusively as a function of speed
    • F16H61/6624Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members controlling shifting exclusively as a function of speed using only hydraulical and mechanical sensing or control means
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    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
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    • F16H61/662Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members
    • F16H61/66272Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members characterised by means for controlling the torque transmitting capability of the gearing
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    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/66Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
    • F16H61/662Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members
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    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
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    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/66Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
    • F16H61/662Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members

Abstract

一种变速器控制器,在车辆减速时,判断是否正在进行向最低变更无级变速器的变速比的低回程变速,基于车辆的减速度及无级变速器的变速比,算出带实际开始打滑的初级压实际测量下限值,将低回程变速中的初级压的目标值的下限值设定成初级压实际测量下限值。

Description

无级变速器及其液压控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及无级变速器的液压控制。
背景技术
在将带卷挂在初级带轮和次级带轮之间,通过变更两带轮的槽宽来无级地变更变速比的无级变速器(以下,称为“CVT”。)中,在车辆减速时,进行向最低变更变速比的低回程变速(Low戻し変速),由此,确保车辆的再起动性(JP63-74736A)。
发明内容
作为提高搭载有CVT的车辆的燃油效率的方法之一,有使作为变速器的液压源的油泵小型化的方法。如果使油泵小型化,则油泵的驱动所消耗的发动机的动力变少,另外,由于油泵的喷出压降低,所以油泵及变速器内部的摩擦力变小,能够提高车辆的燃油效率。
但是,当油泵小型化时,产生如下问题,即,在上述低回程变速中,变速速度变慢,且变速比不能变更到最低,或者,变更到最低所需要的时间变长(低回程不良)。
参照图6对产生该问题的原因进行说明。图6表示在时刻ta踩下制动踏板,使车辆减速,进行低回程变速的情况。
在该例子中,首先,根据CVT的变速比,计算维持该变速比所需要的次级压,即,计算必要次级压。然后,基于初级带轮和次级带轮的受压面积比,将必要次级压换算成初级平衡压(图中X1),从初级平衡压减去变速所需要的必要差推力的量,计算目标初级压(图中X2)。
当目标初级压变得比带打滑极限所决定的初级压下限值低时(时刻tb以后),目标初级压被限制在初级压下限值(图中X3)。然后,为了通过该限制补充不足的差推力,对必要次级压进行增大修正(图中X4)。
在此,如果油量出入充分,能够将实际次级压提高到修正后必要次级压,则可以得到必要差推力,不会产生低回程不良。
但是,在油泵喷出能力较低,油量出入不足的情况下,实际次级压不能提高到修正后必要次级压(图中X5),从而得不到必要差推力。另外,初级压下限值基于理论上的扭矩容量式(后述),不考虑行驶条件,将最低压限制在规定值。其结果,在油量出入实际上不足的情况下,变速速度变得缓慢,变速比不返回到最低,车辆就会停车(图中X6)。
本发明的目的在于,在进行低回程变速的无级变速器中,提高低回程性,同时通过油泵的小型化进一步提高燃油效率。
根据本发明的实施方式,提供一种无级变速器,具备:初级带轮、次级带轮、卷挂于初级带轮和次级带轮之间的带,带轮压力由供给到所述初级带轮的初级压及供给到所述次级带轮的次级压决定,其特征在于,在车辆减速时,判断是否正在进行向最低变更所述无级变速器的变速比的低回程变速,基于车辆的减速度及所述无级变速器的变速比,算出所述带实际开始打滑的初级压实际测量下限值,将所述低回程变速中的所述初级压的目标值的下限值设定成所述初级压实际测量下限值。
根据本发明的另一实施方式,提供一种无级变速器的液压控制方法,该无级变速器具备:初级带轮、次级带轮、卷挂于初级带轮和次级带轮之间的带,带轮压力由供给到所述初级带轮的初级压及供给到所述次级带轮的次级压决定,其特征在于,在车辆减速时,判断是否正在进行向最低变更所述无级变速器的变速比的低回程变速,基于车辆的减速度及所述无级变速器的变速比,计算出所述带实际开始打滑的初级压实际测量下限值,将所述低回程变速中的所述初级压的目标值的下限值设定成所述初级压实际测量下限值。
根据这些实施方式,通过降低初级压的下限值,可以相对降低低回程变速时的次级压(或者,即使不能确保充分的次级压,也能够得到变速所需要的差推力),提高低回程性,同时通过油泵的小型化,可以进一步提高燃油效率。
下面,参照附图对本发明的实施方式及本发明的优点进行详细地说明。
附图说明
图1是无级变速器的示意结构图;
图2是无级变速器的变速脉谱图;
图3是表示低回程变速时的液压下降控制的内容的流程图;
图4是用于计算必要次级压的图表;
图5是表示进行低回程变速时的液压下降控制时的情况的时间图;
图6是比较例的时间图。
具体实施方式
图1表示无级变速器(以下,称为“CVT”)1的示意结构。初级带轮2及次级带轮3以两者的槽整齐排列的方式配置,在这些带轮2、3的槽中架设有带4。发动机5与初级带轮2同轴地配置,在发动机5和初级带轮2之间,从发动机5一侧依次设有变矩器6、前进后退切换机构7。
变矩器6具备:与发动机5的输出轴连结的泵叶轮6a、与前进后退切换机构7的输入轴连结的涡轮转子6b、定子6c及锁止离合器6d。
前进后退切换机构7中,以双小齿轮行星齿轮组7a作为主要的结构要素,其太阳齿轮与变矩器6的涡轮转子6b结合,支座(キャリア)与初级带轮2结合。前进后退切换机构7还具备将双小齿轮行星齿轮组7a的太阳齿轮及支座之间直接连结的起动离合器7b及固定齿圈的后退制动器7c。在联接了起动离合器7b时,从发动机5经由变矩器6的输入旋转直接传递至初级带轮2,在联接了后退制动器7c时,从发动机5经由变矩器6的输入旋转被倒转,向初级带轮2传递。
初级带轮2的旋转经由带4传递至次级带轮3,次级带轮3的旋转经由输出轴8、齿轮组9及差速齿轮装置10传递至未图示的驱动轮。
在上述的动力传递中,为了使初级带轮2及次级带轮3之间的变速比能够变更,将初级带轮2及次级带轮3的形成槽的圆锥板中的一方设为固定圆锥板2a、3a,将另一方圆锥板2b、3b设为能够向轴线方向位移的可动圆锥板。
通过将以管路压PL作为源压产生的初级压Ppri及次级压Psec供给到初级带轮室2c及次级带轮室3c,这些可动圆锥板2b、3b向固定圆锥板2a、3a受力,由此,使带4摩擦卡合在圆锥板,在初级带轮2及次级带轮3之间进行动力传递。
变速通过如下方式进行,即,根据初级压Ppri及次级压Psec之间的压差改变两带轮2、3的槽的宽度,使相对于带轮2、3的带4的卷挂圆弧径连续变化。
与供给至选择前进行驶档时联接的起动离合器7b及选择后退行驶档时联接的后退制动器7c的供给液压一起,初级压Ppri及次级压Psec被变速控制液压电路11控制。变速控制液压电路11响应来自变速器控制器12的信号而进行控制。
向变速器控制器12输入:来自检测CVT1的实际输入转速Nin的输入转速传感器13的信号;来自检测CVT1的输出转速,即,检测车速VSP的车速传感器14的信号;来自检测初级压Ppri的初级压传感器15p的信号;来自检测次级压Psec的次级压传感器15s的信号;来自检测加速装置开度APO的加速装置开度传感器16的信号;来自检测选择杆位置的禁止器开关17的选择档信号;来自检测有无制动踏板的踩下的制动器开关18的信号;来自控制发动机5的发动机控制器19的与发动机5的运转状态(发动机转速Ne、发动机扭矩、燃料喷射时间、冷却水温TMPe等)相关的信号。
变速器控制器12参照图2所示的变速脉谱图,设定与车速VSP和加速装置开度APO对应的目标输入转速tNin,控制初级压Ppri及次级压Psec,从而使实际输入转速Nin追随目标输入转速tNin,并且能够获得传递由发动机扭矩及变矩器扭矩比决定的CVT1的输入扭矩所需要的带轮压力。
此时,对于初级压Ppri及次级压Psec,设定有通过下式计算的下限值(以下,称为“理论下限值”),初级压Ppri及次级压Psec通常被限制成不低于理论下限值。
理论下限值=(Tcosθ)/(2μR)
T:传递扭矩
θ:带轮的滑轮角
μ:带和带轮之间的摩擦系数
R:带和带轮的接触半径
而且,在将一方限制为理论下限值的情况下,提高另一方的压力,从而在初级带轮2和次级带轮3之间确保变速所需要的差推力。
进而,在释放加速装置而踩下制动器或者爬坡时等车辆进行减速,CVT1沿着图2的APO=0/8的曲线向最低降档的低回程变速时,在即将停车之前或变速比不变动的变速恒定时(最低),为了抑制由于变得低于初级压理论下限值而可能产生的带打滑,除了在即将停车之前或变速比不变动的变速恒定时之外,可以使初级压Ppri低于上述理论下限值。
因此,变速器控制器12通过进行以下说明的低回程变速时的液压下降控制,使初级压Ppri变得比上述理论下限值更低,由此,可以提高搭载有CVT1的车辆的低回程性,同时通过油泵的小型化进一步提高燃油效率。
图3是表示变速器控制器12进行的低回程变速时的液压下降控制的内容的流程图。参照图3对本控制的内容及其作用效果进行说明。说明中,适当参照图5所示的时间图。图5所示的时间图表示进行低回程变速时的液压下降控制时的情况。
首先,在S1中,变速器控制器12判断是否正处于低回程变速中。在加速装置开度为零且踩下制动踏板的情况下,或在加速装置开度为零且车辆的减速度比规定值大的情况下(爬坡时),变速器控制器12判断为正处于低回程变速中,处理进入S2。在不是那样的情况下,结束处理。
在S2中,变速器控制器12判断是否处于锁止中。锁止离合器6d在车速VSP比规定的锁止开始车速高时联接,在车速VSP比规定的锁止解除车速(<锁止开始车速)低时释放,因此,能够基于车速VSP判断是否处于锁止中。
在判断为处于锁止中的情况下,处理进入S3之后,使初级压Ppri变得比初级压理论下限值低。在判断为不处于锁止中的情况下,在S3以后的处理中,为了使低于初级压理论下限值的初级压Ppri返回至初级压理论下限值,处理进入S9。
图5中,在时刻t1踩下制动踏板,开始低回程变速。
在S3中,变速器控制器12计算初级压理论下限值。如上所述,初级压理论下限值可以利用传递扭矩(=基于发动机转速Ne及加速装置开度APO,参照发动机扭矩脉谱图计算的发动机5的扭矩)、初级带轮2的滑轮角(固定值)、带3和初级带轮2之间的摩擦系数(固定值)、带3和初级带轮2的接触半径(由变速比决定的值)进行计算。
在S4中,变速器控制器12计算初级压实际测量下限值。初级压实际测量下限值为带3实际开始打滑的初级压Ppri,基于车辆的减速度和变速比,参照预先通过实验而求得的脉谱图进行计算。车辆的减速度越大,另外,变速比越在低侧,初级压实际测量下限值就被设定成越低的值。
在S5中,变速器控制器12参照图4所示的图表计算维持该时间点的变速比所需要的次级压Psec。此外,图4中还图示有必要初级压,但在低回程变速时的液压下降控制中不使用。
在S6中,变速器控制器12将初级压理论下限值和初级压实际测量下限值的差(图5中Y1)与必要次级压相加(图5中Y2),计算修正后必要次级压。然后,变速器控制器12控制次级压Psec,使次级压Psec成为修正后必要次级压。具体而言,控制对次级压Psec进行调压的电磁阀。
在S7中,变速器控制器12利用次级压传感器15s检测在S6中控制次级压Psec的结果得到的实际次级压Psec,基于该实际次级压Psec、和初级带轮2与次级带轮3的受压面积之比,换算成初级平衡压(图5中Y3)。
在S8中,变速器控制器12从初级平衡压减去降档所需要的差推力的量(必要的差推力除以初级带轮2的受压面积的值),计算目标初级压(图5中Y4)。目标初级压比初级压理论下限值低,但比初级压实际测量下限值高,因此,不被初级压实际测量下限值限制。而且,变速器控制器12控制初级压Ppri,使初级压Ppri成为目标初级压。具体而言,控制对初级压Ppri进行调压的电磁阀。
图5中,在从时刻t1到时刻t2,实际上油量出入充足,因此,使实际次级压上升至修正后必要次级压。其目的在于,通过将初级压理论下限值变更成初级压实际测量下限值,能够使目标初级压降低到初级压实际测量下限值,但为了抑制由于降低初级压而可能产生的带打滑的产生,在油量出入实际上不足为止的期间,使实际次级压上升,从实际次级压Psec计算出用于得到必要的差推力的初级压Ppri。
时刻t2以后,由于油量出入实际上变得不足,实际次级压Psec不上升到修正后必要次级压,但由此减去必要的差推力的量而能够得到的目标初级压比初级压实际测量下限值高,因此,可以使初级压Ppri降低到目标初级压。
即,根据S3~S8的控制,通过降低初级压的下限值,可以相对降低低回程变速时的次级压(或者,即使不能确保充分的次级压,也能够得到变速所需要的差推力),由此,能够实现油泵的小型化,实现燃油效率的提高。
另外,根据S3~S8的控制,通过从实际次级压Psec计算出目标初级压,在尽可能提高实际次级压Psec的区域,不降低初级压而能够确保必要的差推力,同时,即使实际上油量出入不足,成为实际次级压Psec不上升到修正后必要次级压那样的状况(图5中时刻t2~t3),也能够通过使初级压降低到下限值,确保必要的差推力,且能够使CVT1的变速比快速地返回到最低。
另一方面,在S2中判断为处于即将停车之前或变速比不变动的变速恒定时而进入的S9中,变速器控制器12使目标初级压以规定的斜线倾斜度接近初级压理论下限值,并且使修正后必要次级压以规定的斜线倾斜度接近必要次级压,由此,分别控制为初级压理论下限值、必要次级压。
由此,在变速比变动的变速过渡时,即使在降低了初级压下限值的情况下,由于带和带轮之间的动摩擦系数的影响,抑制了带和带轮之间的相对的打滑,但在即将停车之前或实际上变速比不变化的变速恒定时(最低)的情况下,由于带和带轮之间的摩擦系数从动摩擦系数转换至静摩擦系数,从而可能在带轮和带之间产生相对打滑,因此,在本区域内通过使初级压下限值比理论值低,能够防止可能产生的带3的打滑,同时提高低回程性。图5中,对应时刻t3~t4。
以上,对本发明的实施方式进行了说明,但上述实施方式只不过表示本发明的应用例的一部分,不将本发明的技术范围具体限定于上述实施方式。
本申请基于在2012年3月28日向日本专利局申请的特愿2012-74925号要求优先权,该申请的全部内容通过参照引用于本说明书中。

Claims (6)

1.一种无级变速器,具备:初级带轮、次级带轮、卷挂于初级带轮和次级带轮之间的带,带轮压力由供给到所述初级带轮的初级压及供给到所述次级带轮的次级压决定,其特征在于,该无级变速器具备:
低回程变速判断装置,其在车辆减速时,判断是否正在进行向最低变更所述无级变速器的变速比的低回程变速;
实际测量下限值计算装置,其基于车辆的减速度及所述无级变速器的变速比,算出所述带实际开始打滑的初级压实际测量下限值,
将所述低回程变速中的所述初级压的目标值的下限值设定成所述初级压实际测量下限值。
2.如权利要求1所述的无级变速器,其特征在于,
在判断为正在进行所述低回程变速的情况下,
计算维持所述无级变速器的变速比所需要的必要次级压,
计算初级压理论下限值和所述初级压实际测量下限值的差量,
通过将所述差量与所述必要次级压相加,计算修正后必要次级压,
控制实际次级压,使所述实际次级压成为所述修正后必要次级压,
从所述实际次级压计算所述初级压的目标值。
3.如权利要求2所述的无级变速器,其特征在于,
在车速降低,检测到即将停车之前或变速比为最低的状态之后,将所述初级压控制在所述初级压理论下限值。
4.一种无级变速器的液压控制方法,该无级变速器具备:初级带轮、次级带轮、卷挂于初级带轮和次级带轮之间的带,带轮压力由供给到所述初级带轮的初级压及供给到所述次级带轮的次级压决定,其特征在于,
在车辆减速时,判断是否正在进行向最低变更所述无级变速器的变速比的低回程变速,
基于车辆的减速度及所述无级变速器的变速比,算出所述带实际开始打滑的初级压实际测量下限值,
将所述低回程变速中的所述初级压的目标值的下限值设定成所述初级压实际测量下限值。
5.如权利要求4所述的液压控制方法,其特征在于,
在判断为正在进行所述低回程变速的情况下,
计算维持所述无级变速器的变速比所需要的必要次级压,
计算初级压理论下限值和所述初级压实际测量下限值的差量,
通过将所述差量与所述必要次级压相加,计算修正后必要次级压,
控制实际次级压,使所述实际次级压成为所述修正后必要次级压,
从所述实际次级压计算所述初级压的目标值。
6.如权利要求5所述的液压控制方法,其特征在于,
在车速降低,检测到即将停车之前或变速比为最低的状态之后,将所述初级压控制在所述初级压理论下限值。
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