CN104181424A - Test device and test method for electric heat joint aging of transformer winding - Google Patents
Test device and test method for electric heat joint aging of transformer winding Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104181424A CN104181424A CN201410426211.1A CN201410426211A CN104181424A CN 104181424 A CN104181424 A CN 104181424A CN 201410426211 A CN201410426211 A CN 201410426211A CN 104181424 A CN104181424 A CN 104181424A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- transformer winding
- tank
- electric heating
- transformer
- pressure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Abstract
The invention discloses a test device and a test method for electric heat joint aging of a transformer winding. The test device comprises a sealing tank, a support plate and a high voltage draining device, wherein the sealing tank is used for supplying an aging environment; the support plate is used for supporting a transformer winding model; the high voltage draining device is used for supplying a high voltage power supply and a high voltage electrode; a baffle is arranged in the sealing tank and divides the sealing tank into two independent sealing spaces, and the support plate and the high voltage draining device are arranged on a same side of the sealing tank. According to the test device and the test method, electric heat joint aging and heat aging test of the transformer winding can be simultaneously performed in a same sealing environment, so that influence of single factor variable-electric field on oiled paper aging can be better analyzed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to insulation of electrical installation on-line monitoring and fault diagnosis field, particularly a kind of test unit and test method of accelerating thermal-electrical aging that transformer oil paper insulation winding is carried out.
Background technology
Power transformer is as the core of energy conversion in delivery of electrical energy and delivery process, and its accident causing that lost efficacy will cause the interruption of electric power supply, and causes huge economic loss.Oil-Paper Insulation, as the important component part insulating in transformer, accounts for main ratio by the transformer fault of its initiation.Oilpaper is subject to the factors such as electricity, heat, machinery, moisture and corrosion in During Process of Long-term Operation to be affected and aging gradually, and decreasing insulating also causes occurring insulation defect, even causes the main minor insulation fault of transformer, thereby threatens the safe operation of transformer.
Transformer oil paper insulation winding is carried out to the aging Transformer Operation Status with simulation actual field of electric heating associating, can further be familiar with the paper insulated agine mechaism of transformer oil.Adopt at present the aging rule of the method research transformer Oil-Paper Insulation of accelerated aging test.But, common accelerated aging test is that the acceleration electricity under acceleration heat ageing or the higher electric field under higher temperature is aging, but real transformer Oil-Paper Insulation bears the effect of heat and electric field simultaneously, therefore Oil-Paper Insulation is carried out the ruuning situation of the aging transformer that more gears to actual circumstances of electric heating associating.In addition, the current existing device for accelerated aging test generally can only carry out single heat ageing or single electricity is aging, even if some carried out electric heating that occur are combined aging device, it also cannot carry out the aging and heat ageing of electric heating associating simultaneously, controls the object of single-factor variable-electric field to oilpaper burn-in effects to realize.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, one of object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Transformer Winding electric heating and combines aging test unit, this test unit can make that Transformer Winding electric heating associating is aging to be carried out in same sealed environment with the thermal aging test while, thereby can better analyze the impact that single-factor variable-electric field is aging on oilpaper.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of Transformer Winding electric heating associating ageing test apparatus, comprise sealable tank for ageing environment is provided, for supporting the back up pad of transformer winding model and for the high-pressure induct device of high-voltage power supply and high-field electrode is provided, in described sealable tank, be provided with baffle plate, sealable tank is separated into two sub-tank bodies by described baffle plate, and described back up pad and high-pressure induct device are arranged on the same side in sealable tank;
Further, described sealable tank comprises tank body, gland bonnet, sealing gasket and for gland bonnet being fastened on to the sealing tight loop on tank body; The opening surrounding of described tank body and the bottom surrounding of gland bonnet are provided with Baltimore groove, and described sealing gasket is arranged in Baltimore groove;
Further, described back up pad is stainless steel circular base slab, and described stainless steel baffle plate is for by tank body vertical isolation and be divided into 3/4 and 1/4 the two sub-tank bodies that area is total tank body base area; Described area is the electric heating associating aging test that 3/4 sub-tank body carries out winding model, and the sub-tank body that described area is 1/4 carries out the single thermal aging test of winding model;
Further, described high-pressure induct device comprises teflon rod, high pressure guide rod and the circular boatswain chair of high pressure stainless steel for stationary transformer high-pressure side winding, described high pressure guide rod is arranged in teflon rod, described high pressure guide rod two ends are also provided with voltage equalizing ball, and described high pressure guide rod is arranged between voltage equalizing ball in sealable tank and the circular boatswain chair of high pressure stainless steel and is connected by high-voltage conducting wires;
Further, described teflon rod inserts in tank and makes it expose 1/3 from sealable tank side with inclination angle miter angle;
Further, described transformer winding model part comprises high-pressure side Transformer Winding, low pressure end Transformer Winding, small-sized voltage equalizing ball, high-pressure side fixed screw, low pressure end fixed screw and bandage; Described high-pressure side fixed screw is used for connecting high-pressure side Transformer Winding and the circular boatswain chair of high pressure stainless steel, described small-sized voltage equalizing ball is for the electric field of even high-pressure side Transformer Winding and the circular boatswain chair of high pressure stainless steel junction, described low pressure end fixed screw is used for connecting low pressure end Transformer Winding and back up pad, and described bandage is for fixing high-pressure side Transformer Winding and low pressure end Transformer Winding;
Two of object of the present invention is to provide a kind of aging test method of carrying out in same sealed environment with thermal aging test of Transformer Winding electric heating associating that makes simultaneously
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
This test method comprises the following steps:
S1: dry transformer oil and transformer winding model;
S2: oil good pre-service and transformer winding model are put into the space on sealable tank baffle plate both sides, will be put into the ageing oven of constant temperature for aging sealable tank;
S3: connecting circuit, the transformer winding model in sealable tank is applied to high voltage, carry out electric heating associating burn-in test and the single thermal ageing test of winding model;
Further, in described step S1, dry run is specific as follows: first oil and winding model are dried to 48 hours in 90 DEG C/50Pa environment, subsequently winding model are put into oil and be dried 48 hours at 90 DEG C/50Pa environment;
Further, described step S2 detailed process is as follows: first winding model is put into two sub-tank bodies, utilize high-voltage conducting wires to connect high-pressure induct device and the winding model in 3/4 sub-tank body, then put into the transformer oil that pre-service is good, cover gland bonnet, screwing hermetic tight loop, finally puts into whole device the ageing oven of constant temperature;
Further, described step S3 detailed process is as follows: by the porcelain insulator that provides the step-up side lead-in wire of test high pressure to be connected to ageing oven top, then connect the voltage equalizing ball leading-out terminal of ageing oven inner ceramic insulator leading-out terminal and sealable tank side and ageing oven is applied to high pressure with lead-in wire.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: test unit of the present invention and test method can make that Transformer Winding electric heating associating is aging to be carried out in same sealed environment with the thermal aging test while, thereby can better analyze the impact that single-factor variable-electric field is aging on oilpaper.
Other advantages of the present invention, target and feature will be set forth to a certain extent in the following description, and to a certain extent, based on will be apparent to those skilled in the art to investigating below, or can be instructed from the practice of the present invention.Target of the present invention and other advantages can be realized and be obtained by instructions below.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, wherein:
Fig. 1 is test unit structural representation of the present invention.
Embodiment
Hereinafter with reference to accompanying drawing, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail.Should be appreciated that preferred embodiment is only for the present invention is described, instead of in order to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in the figure, a kind of Transformer Winding electric heating associating ageing test apparatus, comprise sealable tank for ageing environment is provided, for supporting the back up pad 9 of transformer winding model 7 and for the high-pressure induct device of high-voltage power supply and high-field electrode is provided, in described sealable tank, be provided with baffle plate 12, sealable tank is separated into two sub-tank bodies by described baffle plate, and described back up pad and high-pressure induct device are arranged on the same side in sealable tank.
In the present embodiment, transformer winding model is placed on respectively in two sub-tank bodies of sealable tank, the sealed environment of two sub-tank bodies quite especially in two sub-tank bodies oxygen level basic identical, therefore in two sub-tank bodies, carry out respectively that electric heating associating is aging has guaranteed that the sealed environment of two kinds of tests is identical during with thermal aging test, thereby can better analyze the impact that single-factor variable-electric field is aging on oilpaper.
In the present embodiment, described sealable tank comprises tank body, gland bonnet, sealing gasket and for gland bonnet being fastened on to the sealing tight loop on tank body; The opening surrounding of described tank body and the bottom surrounding of gland bonnet are provided with Baltimore groove, and described sealing gasket is arranged in Baltimore groove; The hermetically-sealed construction of the present embodiment is simple in structure, good sealing effect.
In the present embodiment, described back up pad is stainless steel circular base slab, and described stainless steel baffle plate is for by tank body vertical isolation and be divided into 3/4 and 1/4 the two sub-tank bodies that area is total tank body base area; Described area is the electric heating associating aging test that 3/4 sub-tank body carries out winding model, and the sub-tank body that described area is 1/4 carries out the single thermal aging test of winding model.
In the present embodiment, described high-pressure induct device comprises teflon rod 3, high pressure guide rod 5 and the circular boatswain chair 8 of high pressure stainless steel for stationary transformer high-pressure side winding, described high pressure guide rod is arranged in teflon rod, described high pressure guide rod two ends are also provided with voltage equalizing ball, and described high pressure guide rod is arranged between voltage equalizing ball in sealable tank and the circular boatswain chair of high pressure stainless steel and is connected by high-voltage conducting wires.
In the present embodiment, described teflon rod inserts in tank and makes it expose 1/3 from sealable tank side with inclination angle miter angle.
In the present embodiment, described transformer winding model part comprises high-pressure side Transformer Winding, low pressure end Transformer Winding, small-sized voltage equalizing ball, high-pressure side fixed screw, low pressure end fixed screw and bandage; Described high-pressure side fixed screw is used for connecting high-pressure side Transformer Winding and the circular boatswain chair 8 of high pressure stainless steel, described small-sized voltage equalizing ball is for the electric field of even high-pressure side Transformer Winding and the circular boatswain chair of high pressure stainless steel junction, described low pressure end fixed screw is used for connecting low pressure end Transformer Winding and back up pad, and described bandage is for fixing high-pressure side Transformer Winding and low pressure end Transformer Winding.
The test method of utilizing the test unit of this enforcement to carry out aging test comprises the following steps:
S1: dry transformer oil and transformer winding model;
S2: oil good pre-service and transformer winding model are put into the space on sealable tank baffle plate both sides, will be put into the ageing oven of constant temperature for aging sealable tank;
S3: connecting circuit, the transformer winding model in sealable tank is applied to high voltage, carry out electric heating associating burn-in test and the single thermal ageing test of winding model.
In the present embodiment, in described step S1, dry run is specific as follows: first oil and winding model are dried to 48 hours in 90 DEG C/50Pa environment, subsequently winding model are put into oil and be dried 48 hours at 90 DEG C/50Pa environment.
In the present embodiment, described step S2 detailed process is as follows: first winding model is put into two sub-tank bodies, utilize high-voltage conducting wires to connect high-pressure induct device and the winding model in 3/4 sub-tank body, then put into the transformer oil that pre-service is good, cover gland bonnet, screwing hermetic tight loop, finally puts into whole device the ageing oven of constant temperature.
In the present embodiment, described step S3 detailed process is as follows: by the porcelain insulator that provides the step-up side lead-in wire of test high pressure to be connected to ageing oven top, then connect the voltage equalizing ball leading-out terminal of ageing oven inner ceramic insulator leading-out terminal and sealable tank side and ageing oven is applied to high pressure with lead-in wire.
Finally explanation is, above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can modify or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and not departing from aim and the scope of the technical program, it all should be encompassed in the middle of claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a Transformer Winding electric heating associating ageing test apparatus, it is characterized in that: comprise sealable tank for ageing environment is provided, for supporting the back up pad of transformer winding model and for the high-pressure induct device of high-voltage power supply and high-field electrode is provided, in described sealable tank, be provided with baffle plate, sealable tank is separated into two sub-tank bodies by described baffle plate, and described back up pad and high-pressure induct device are arranged on the same side in sealable tank.
2. Transformer Winding electric heating according to claim 1 associating ageing test apparatus, is characterized in that: described sealable tank comprises tank body, gland bonnet, sealing gasket and for gland bonnet being fastened on to the sealing tight loop on tank body; The opening surrounding of described tank body and the bottom surrounding of gland bonnet are provided with Baltimore groove, and described sealing gasket is arranged in Baltimore groove.
3. Transformer Winding electric heating associating ageing test apparatus according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described back up pad is stainless steel circular base slab, described stainless steel baffle plate is for by tank body vertical isolation and be divided into 3/4 and 1/4 the two sub-tank bodies that area is total tank body base area; Described area is the electric heating associating aging test that 3/4 sub-tank body carries out winding model, and the sub-tank body that described area is 1/4 carries out the single thermal aging test of winding model.
4. Transformer Winding electric heating associating ageing test apparatus according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described high-pressure induct device comprises teflon rod, high pressure guide rod and the circular boatswain chair of high pressure stainless steel for stationary transformer high-pressure side winding, described high pressure guide rod is arranged in teflon rod, described high pressure guide rod two ends are also provided with voltage equalizing ball, and described high pressure guide rod is arranged between voltage equalizing ball in sealable tank and the circular boatswain chair of high pressure stainless steel and is connected by high-voltage conducting wires.
5. Transformer Winding electric heating associating ageing test apparatus according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described teflon rod inserts in tank and makes it expose 1/3 from sealable tank side with inclination angle miter angle.
6. Transformer Winding electric heating associating ageing test apparatus according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described transformer winding model part comprises high-pressure side Transformer Winding, low pressure end Transformer Winding, small-sized voltage equalizing ball, high-pressure side fixed screw, low pressure end fixed screw and bandage; Described high-pressure side fixed screw is used for connecting high-pressure side Transformer Winding and the circular boatswain chair of high pressure stainless steel, described small-sized voltage equalizing ball is for the electric field of even high-pressure side Transformer Winding and the circular boatswain chair of high pressure stainless steel junction, described low pressure end fixed screw is used for connecting low pressure end Transformer Winding and back up pad, and described bandage is for fixing high-pressure side Transformer Winding and low pressure end Transformer Winding.
7. utilize Transformer Winding electric heating associating ageing test apparatus described in claim 6 to carry out the test method of aging test, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
S1: dry transformer oil and transformer winding model;
S2: oil good pre-service and transformer winding model are put into the space on sealable tank baffle plate both sides, will be put into the ageing oven of constant temperature for aging sealable tank;
S3: connecting circuit, the transformer winding model in sealable tank is applied to high voltage, carry out electric heating associating burn-in test and the single thermal ageing test of winding model.
8. Transformer Winding electric heating associating aging testing method according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: in described step S1, dry run is specific as follows: first oil and winding model are dried to 48 hours in 90 DEG C/50Pa environment, subsequently winding model are put into oil and be dried 48 hours at 90 DEG C/50Pa environment.
9. Transformer Winding electric heating associating aging testing method according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described step S2 detailed process is as follows: first winding model is put into two sub-tank bodies, utilize high-voltage conducting wires to connect high-pressure induct device and the winding model in 3/4 sub-tank body, then put into the transformer oil that pre-service is good, cover gland bonnet, screwing hermetic tight loop, finally puts into whole device the ageing oven of constant temperature.
10. Transformer Winding electric heating associating aging testing method according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described step S3 detailed process is as follows: by the porcelain insulator that provides the step-up side lead-in wire of test high pressure to be connected to ageing oven top, then connect the voltage equalizing ball leading-out terminal of ageing oven inner ceramic insulator leading-out terminal and sealable tank side and ageing oven is applied to high pressure with lead-in wire.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410426211.1A CN104181424B (en) | 2014-08-26 | 2014-08-26 | Test device and test method for electric heat joint aging of transformer winding |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410426211.1A CN104181424B (en) | 2014-08-26 | 2014-08-26 | Test device and test method for electric heat joint aging of transformer winding |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104181424A true CN104181424A (en) | 2014-12-03 |
| CN104181424B CN104181424B (en) | 2017-02-01 |
Family
ID=51962636
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410426211.1A Active CN104181424B (en) | 2014-08-26 | 2014-08-26 | Test device and test method for electric heat joint aging of transformer winding |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104181424B (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105759153A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-07-13 | 重庆大学 | Thermal aging experiment device of simulating transformer winding overload condition and method thereof |
| CN107843789A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-03-27 | 国家电网公司 | Transformer Winding entirety aging testing method |
| CN109655596A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-04-19 | 广州海洋地质调查局 | A kind of multivariable condition submarine shallow gas leakage analogy method |
| CN109946548A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-06-28 | 国网四川省电力公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of electric heating joint aging equipment suitable for impacting electric capacity device polypropylene film |
| CN116430182A (en) * | 2023-04-20 | 2023-07-14 | 广东电网有限责任公司佛山供电局 | Evaluation method for insulation ageing resistance of dry-type distribution transformer winding |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101285867B (en) * | 2008-06-11 | 2010-09-29 | 重庆大学 | Electrical insulation electric heating ageing testing equipment |
| CN101408578B (en) * | 2008-11-21 | 2011-12-14 | 重庆大学 | Multiple factors accelerated aging test apparatus and method for oil paper insulation of transformer |
| CN101713721A (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2010-05-26 | 西安交通大学 | Experimental device and experimental method for transformer oilpaper insulating thermal ageing |
| CN102096032B (en) * | 2011-01-06 | 2013-03-06 | 山东电力研究院 | Experimental facility and method for electric heating combined stress aging with oil-paper insulation of transformer |
| CN102749543A (en) * | 2012-07-19 | 2012-10-24 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Electrical insulation electric heating aging test device under composite voltage |
| CN102937683A (en) * | 2012-11-29 | 2013-02-20 | 重庆大学 | Dielectric response measuring device with adjustable insulating structure |
| CN103105568B (en) * | 2013-01-16 | 2016-04-13 | 重庆市电力公司电力科学研究院 | Aging and the local discharge integrated experimental provision of transformer oil paper insulated electrothermic associating |
| CN103954895B (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2017-01-11 | 国家电网公司 | Oiled paper compound insulation electrical ageing test system |
-
2014
- 2014-08-26 CN CN201410426211.1A patent/CN104181424B/en active Active
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105759153A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-07-13 | 重庆大学 | Thermal aging experiment device of simulating transformer winding overload condition and method thereof |
| CN105759153B (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2018-06-15 | 重庆大学 | A kind of thermal ageing test device and method under the conditions of analogue transformer winding overload |
| CN107843789A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-03-27 | 国家电网公司 | Transformer Winding entirety aging testing method |
| CN109655596A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-04-19 | 广州海洋地质调查局 | A kind of multivariable condition submarine shallow gas leakage analogy method |
| CN109655596B (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2021-06-29 | 广州海洋地质调查局 | Multivariable condition seabed shallow layer gas leakage simulation method |
| CN109946548A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-06-28 | 国网四川省电力公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of electric heating joint aging equipment suitable for impacting electric capacity device polypropylene film |
| CN116430182A (en) * | 2023-04-20 | 2023-07-14 | 广东电网有限责任公司佛山供电局 | Evaluation method for insulation ageing resistance of dry-type distribution transformer winding |
| CN116430182B (en) * | 2023-04-20 | 2023-12-05 | 广东电网有限责任公司佛山供电局 | Evaluation method for insulation ageing resistance of dry-type distribution transformer winding |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104181424B (en) | 2017-02-01 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104181424A (en) | Test device and test method for electric heat joint aging of transformer winding | |
| CN103105568B (en) | Aging and the local discharge integrated experimental provision of transformer oil paper insulated electrothermic associating | |
| CN101408578B (en) | Multiple factors accelerated aging test apparatus and method for oil paper insulation of transformer | |
| CN102595754B (en) | Radiation device installing box and oil cooling cyclic system as well as X-ray generator | |
| CN105510780B (en) | SF6 High-Voltage Electrical Appliances insulated pull rod Insulation Test system and method | |
| CN205539288U (en) | Simulate thermal ageing test device under transformer winding overload condition | |
| CN205539235U (en) | Composite insulator aging testing device | |
| CN103616627B (en) | A kind of semiconductor laser chip testing arrangement | |
| CN105759153B (en) | A kind of thermal ageing test device and method under the conditions of analogue transformer winding overload | |
| CN105629132A (en) | Method for detecting external insulating materials and conductive cores of wires and cables | |
| CN102749543A (en) | Electrical insulation electric heating aging test device under composite voltage | |
| CN102628819A (en) | Test method for evaluating oxidation stability of transformer oil under high-voltage alternating current or direct current field | |
| CN205353296U (en) | A testing system for studying air -core type reactor agine mechaism | |
| CN202512205U (en) | Paper oil insulation fault simulation model of inverted current transformer | |
| CN104635117A (en) | Test method for assessing transformer oil breakdown voltage in high-voltage DC electric filed | |
| CN109358277A (en) | A kind of different type natural esters paper oil insulation defect produces the analogy method and system of gas | |
| CN103630786A (en) | Dry terminal system of type test for ultrahigh-voltage cables of 500kV and below | |
| CN104714158A (en) | Alternating-current ultrahigh voltage main transformer and regulation transformer combined partial discharge testing system and method | |
| CN204129172U (en) | Dry-type air-core reactor spontaneous heating aging test circuit | |
| CN203587741U (en) | High voltage resistance testing device | |
| CN103197207A (en) | Insulation supporting part electrical-ageing-resistance analysis method for high-voltage electrical appliances | |
| CN203203947U (en) | Device for simulating internal fault of sulfur hexafluoride electric equipment | |
| CN110275095A (en) | Transformer insulated accelerated deterioration simulator and method | |
| CN207516491U (en) | Transformer insulation oil-paper insulated ageing test apparatus | |
| CN204405793U (en) | AC extra high voltage main transformer modulation associating partial discharge test system |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |