CN104179178A - Flexible umbrella supporting anchor bolt and method for supporting soil slope thereby - Google Patents
Flexible umbrella supporting anchor bolt and method for supporting soil slope thereby Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910000617 Mangalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种柔性伞状支护锚杆及用于支护土层边坡的方法，在圆形锚杆的端部固定安装端套环和端部环形连接件，在圆形锚杆的中部固定安装弹簧环形连接件和中套环，在圆形锚杆上、紧靠中套环右侧活动套装下环形连接件；围绕圆形锚杆的阻力伞包括均布的反力板、拉杆、压缩弹簧，柔性拉索的一端与圆形锚杆端头的圆孔固定。采用一个以上的柔性伞状支护锚杆通过柔性拉索与土工格栅网、植被防护层和挡土墙相结合的土质高边坡防护结构连接在一起，组成一个牢固可靠地对土质高边坡进行锚固防护的整体。本发明的伞状反力板，通过柔性拉索与防护结构网连接在一起，使锚固力比传统的锚杆大大增强，锚固效果更加可靠，还可以节约工程造价50-60%。
The invention relates to a flexible umbrella-shaped support anchor and a method for supporting soil slopes. An end collar and an end annular connector are fixedly installed at the end of a circular anchor. The middle part fixedly installs the spring ring connector and the middle collar, on the circular anchor rod, close to the right side of the middle collar movable set the lower ring connector; the resistance parachute surrounding the circular anchor rod includes evenly distributed reaction plates and pull rods , compress the spring, and one end of the flexible cable is fixed to the circular hole at the end of the circular anchor rod. More than one flexible umbrella-shaped support bolt is connected together with a soil high slope protection structure that combines flexible cables, geogrids, vegetation protection layers and retaining walls to form a firm and reliable support for soil high sides. The slope is anchored and protected as a whole. The umbrella-shaped reaction force plate of the present invention is connected with the protective structure net through flexible cables, so that the anchoring force is greatly enhanced compared with the traditional anchor rod, the anchoring effect is more reliable, and the engineering cost can be saved by 50-60%.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及岩土工程边坡防护领域，特别是一种柔性伞状支护锚杆及用于支护土层边坡的方法。 The invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering slope protection, in particular to a flexible umbrella-shaped support bolt and a method for supporting soil layer slopes.
背景技术 Background technique
自1912年，德国最先采用锚杆支护井下巷道以来，锚杆支护以其结构简单，施工方便、成本低和对工程适应性强等特点，在土木工程中得到了广泛应用。而锚杆根据其使用加固对象不同又可以分为土层锚杆和岩层锚杆，土层锚杆和岩层锚杆在名称上有些相似，但其目的、作用区别很大。岩层锚杆主要是通过锚杆的悬吊作用、组合梁作用、组合拱作用、减跨作用、加固作用等使破碎、软弱岩层达到自身稳固。而土层锚杆主要在深基坑、边坡支护加固中使用，一般多为提供水平方向的抗拔力； 但土层锚杆的基本施工工艺目前仍然是仿照岩层锚杆的施工工艺的做法，即钻孔、灌浆、插入锚杆，也有的采用压入或旋入锚杆等施工方法。目前在土层边坡采用柔性植被防护结构中传统锚杆存在以下不足：1、锚杆的锚固能力不足，经常出现边坡防护结构将锚杆带出、边坡垮塌的现象。2、在边坡柔性植被防护结构中，传统钢筋锚杆与柔性网连接固定不牢靠的现象，容易造成锚杆与防护柔性网脱离的现象，从而导致局部坍塌。3、由于钢筋锚杆需要进行注浆防护，以防止钢筋的锈蚀，从而增加了工程成本。如果钢筋防锈蚀处理不到位，将会使锚杆的使用寿命大大减少，从而减少边坡防护的使用寿命。4、对于大型土质高边坡，要进行柔性植被防护，需要大量的钢筋锚杆，从而使工程造价很高。 Since 1912, Germany was the first to use bolts to support underground roadways. Bolts have been widely used in civil engineering because of their simple structure, convenient construction, low cost and strong adaptability to engineering. The anchors can be divided into soil anchors and rock anchors according to their different reinforcement objects. The soil anchors and rock anchors are somewhat similar in name, but their purposes and functions are very different. The rock bolt is mainly through the suspension effect of the anchor rod, the effect of the composite beam, the effect of the composite arch, the effect of reducing the span, and the reinforcement effect to stabilize the broken and weak rock formation itself. Soil anchors are mainly used in deep foundation pits and slope support reinforcements, generally to provide horizontal pullout resistance; but the basic construction technology of soil anchors is still based on the construction technology of rock anchors The practice is drilling, grouting, inserting anchors, and some construction methods such as pressing or screwing in anchors. At present, the traditional anchor rods in the flexible vegetation protection structure used on soil slopes have the following deficiencies: 1. The anchoring capacity of the anchor rods is insufficient, and the phenomenon that the slope protection structure takes out the anchor rods and the slope collapses often occurs. 2. In the slope flexible vegetation protection structure, the connection and fixation between the traditional steel anchor rod and the flexible net is not reliable, and it is easy to cause the phenomenon that the anchor rod and the protective flexible net are separated, resulting in local collapse. 3. Since the reinforcement bolt needs to be protected by grouting to prevent the corrosion of the reinforcement, the project cost is increased. If the anti-corrosion treatment of steel bars is not in place, the service life of the anchor will be greatly reduced, thereby reducing the service life of the slope protection. 4. For large soil high slopes, a large number of steel anchors are required for flexible vegetation protection, which makes the project cost very high.
随着我国目前高速公路、铁路的大量修建，为了维持土质高边坡的稳定，锚杆的应用更加广泛，因此，急需一种能够克服传统锚杆缺点的新式锚杆。 With the construction of a large number of highways and railways in our country, in order to maintain the stability of high soil slopes, anchors are more widely used. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of anchor that can overcome the shortcomings of traditional anchors.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种柔性伞状支护锚杆及用于支护土层边坡的方法。 The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a flexible umbrella-shaped support bolt and a method for supporting soil slopes.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的技术方案是：一种柔性伞状支护锚杆，在圆形锚杆的端部固定安装端套环和端部环形连接件，在圆形锚杆的中部固定安装弹簧环形连接件和中套环，在圆形锚杆上、紧靠中套环右侧活动套装下环形连接件；围绕圆形锚杆的阻力伞包括均布的反力板、拉杆、压缩弹簧，反力板的端头通过转轴与端部环形连接件铰接，拉杆的一端通过销轴与下环形连接件铰接，拉杆的另一端通过心轴与反力板的中部铰接，压缩弹簧的一端通过心轴与弹簧环形连接件铰接，压缩弹簧的另一端与反力板连接；柔性拉索的一端与圆形锚杆端头的圆孔固定。 In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is: a flexible umbrella-shaped support anchor rod, the end collar and the end ring connector are fixedly installed at the end of the circular anchor rod, and the middle part of the circular anchor rod The spring ring connector and the middle collar are fixedly installed, and the lower ring connector is movable on the circular anchor rod, close to the right side of the middle ring; Compress the spring, the end of the reaction plate is hinged with the end ring connector through the rotating shaft, one end of the pull rod is hinged with the lower ring connector through the pin shaft, the other end of the pull rod is hinged with the middle of the reaction plate through the mandrel, the compression spring One end is hinged with the spring ring connector through the mandrel, and the other end of the compression spring is connected with the reaction force plate; one end of the flexible cable is fixed with the round hole at the end of the circular anchor rod.
所述圆形锚杆包括防锈处理的粗钢筋或者高锰钢棒。所述反力板由不锈钢材料或者高强度铝合金材料制成。所述柔性拉索包括防锈处理的钢绳或者钢塑复合拉筋带。 The circular anchor rod includes anti-rust thick steel bars or high manganese steel rods. The reaction plate is made of stainless steel or high-strength aluminum alloy. The flexible stay cables include anti-rust treated steel ropes or steel-plastic composite tendons. the
采用上述柔性伞状支护锚杆支护土层边坡的方法，包括： The method of using the above-mentioned flexible umbrella support bolt to support the slope of the soil layer includes:
① 首先用钻孔设备在边坡的土体内的锚杆设计位置进行钻孔，所钻孔径要比固定端套环的直径大3cm以上； ① First, use drilling equipment to drill holes at the design position of the anchor rod in the soil body of the slope, and the diameter of the drilled hole should be more than 3cm larger than the diameter of the fixed end collar;
② 钻孔深度达到设计要求后，进行清孔，并用灌浆设备在锚杆孔底部进行注浆，注浆深度要超出柔性伞状支护锚杆端头30cm，注浆目的主要是对柔性伞状支护锚杆进行防锈处理； ② After the drilling depth reaches the design requirements, clean the hole, and use grouting equipment to grout at the bottom of the anchor hole. The grouting depth should exceed 30cm from the end of the flexible umbrella support anchor. Anti-rust treatment for support bolts;
③ 将柔性拉索及圆形锚杆的右端部穿入直径大于圆形锚杆、小于下环形连接件的辅助钢管； ③ Insert the flexible cable and the right end of the circular anchor into the auxiliary steel pipe whose diameter is larger than that of the circular anchor and smaller than that of the lower annular connector;
④ 辅助钢管顶住下环形连接件将柔性伞状支护锚杆顺着所钻孔壁推送到孔底后，将辅助钢管拔出； ④ After the auxiliary steel pipe resists the lower annular connector and pushes the flexible umbrella-shaped support bolt to the bottom of the hole along the wall of the drilled hole, pull out the auxiliary steel pipe;
⑤ 用千斤顶或者锚杆拉拔器张拉柔性拉索，这时反力板在压缩弹簧的作用下张开，并插入土体内部；在反力板张开运动的过程中，将通过拉杆带动下环形连接件沿圆形锚杆向左移动；随着拉力的加大，反力板张开的角度会逐渐增大；当反力板张开到最大角度，下环形连接件被中套环阻止，不能产生移动，这时反力板将产生巨大反力，通过端部环形连接件和端套环传递到圆形锚杆上，使固定连接在圆形锚杆下端的柔性拉索产生巨大的锚固拉力； ⑤ Use a jack or an anchor puller to stretch the flexible cable. At this time, the reaction force plate is opened under the action of the compression spring and inserted into the soil; The lower annular connector moves to the left along the circular anchor rod; as the tension increases, the opening angle of the reaction plate will gradually increase; when the reaction plate is opened to the maximum angle, the lower annular connector is closed by the middle collar At this time, the reaction force plate will generate a huge reaction force, which will be transmitted to the circular anchor rod through the end ring connector and the end collar, so that the flexible cable fixedly connected to the lower end of the circular anchor rod will generate a huge force. anchor tension;
⑥ 采用一个以上的柔性伞状支护锚杆通过柔性拉索与土工格栅网、植被防护层和挡土墙相结合的土质高边坡防护结构连接在一起，组成一个牢固可靠地对土质高边坡进行锚固防护的整体。 ⑥ Use more than one flexible umbrella-shaped support anchor rod to connect together with the soil high slope protection structure combined with flexible cables, geogrid, vegetation protection layer and retaining wall, forming a firm and reliable protection against soil high slopes. The whole of the slope is anchored and protected.
本发明的有益效果是： 1、相比传统的锚杆，由于在锚杆端部使用了伞状反力板，使锚杆的锚固力大大的增大，施工质量更容易确保，锚固效果更加可靠。 The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. Compared with the traditional anchor rod, since the umbrella-shaped reaction force plate is used at the end of the anchor rod, the anchoring force of the anchor rod is greatly increased, the construction quality is easier to ensure, and the anchoring effect is better. reliable.
2、 传统锚杆主要是通过锚杆钢筋与孔壁之间产生摩擦力而获得锚固力，因此锚杆的长度会要求比较长，而本发明的柔性锚杆是通过反力板在土体中的张开而形成巨大的锚固力，因此圆形锚杆的长度只需要穿过坡体滑动面，通过柔性拉索与防护结构网连接在一起，组成一个牢固可靠地对土质高边坡进行锚固防护的整体；圆形锚杆长度大大的缩短，从而节约工程材料。 2. The traditional anchor rod mainly obtains the anchoring force through the friction between the anchor rod steel bar and the hole wall, so the length of the anchor rod will be relatively long, while the flexible anchor rod of the present invention is through the reaction force plate in the soil Therefore, the length of the circular anchor only needs to pass through the sliding surface of the slope body, and is connected with the protective structure net through flexible cables to form a firm and reliable anchorage for high soil slopes. The overall protection; the length of the circular anchor is greatly shortened, thus saving engineering materials.
3、 由于柔性拉索可采用钢塑复合拉筋带，与传统的钢筋锚杆相比，不仅施工工艺简单，而且可以降低工程造价，增加使用寿命。从目前市场价格行情来看，柔性钢塑复合拉筋带比钢筋要便宜很多，而且采用柔性材料还可以节省钢筋灌注水泥砂浆防腐蚀的费用。因此，采用柔性伞状支护锚杆不仅锚固效果更加牢固可靠，还可以节约工程造价50-60% 。 3. Since the flexible cable can use steel-plastic composite tie bars, compared with the traditional steel anchor, not only the construction process is simple, but also the project cost can be reduced and the service life can be increased. Judging from the current market prices, flexible steel-plastic composite tie bars are much cheaper than steel bars, and the use of flexible materials can also save the cost of pouring cement mortar into steel bars to prevent corrosion. Therefore, the use of flexible umbrella support anchors not only makes the anchoring effect more firm and reliable, but also saves 50-60% of the project cost.
附图说明 Description of drawings
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。 The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
图1是柔性伞状支护锚杆张开结构示意图。 Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the expanded structure of the flexible umbrella support anchor.
图2是柔性伞状支护锚杆收拢结构示意图。 Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the folded structure of the flexible umbrella support bolt.
图3是下环形连接件的平面示意图。 Fig. 3 is a schematic plan view of the lower annular connector.
图4是端部环形连接件的平面示意图。 Figure 4 is a schematic plan view of an end ring connector.
图5柔性伞状支护锚杆在土质边坡防护中的应用示意图。 Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the application of flexible umbrella-shaped support bolts in soil slope protection.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
实施例1如图1-4所示：一种柔性伞状支护锚杆，在圆形锚杆1的端部固定安装端套环9和端部环形连接件7，在圆形锚杆1的中部固定安装弹簧环形连接件8和中套环6，在圆形锚杆1上、紧靠中套环6右侧活动套装下环形连接件3；围绕圆形锚杆1的阻力伞包括均布的反力板2、拉杆4、压缩弹簧5，反力板2的端头通过转轴11与端部环形连接件7铰接，拉杆4的一端通过销轴10与下环形连接件3铰接，拉杆4的另一端通过心轴与反力板2的中部铰接，压缩弹簧5的一端通过心轴与弹簧环形连接件8铰接，压缩弹簧5的另一端与反力板2连接；柔性拉索12的一端与圆形锚杆1端头的圆孔固定。 Embodiment 1 is shown in Figures 1-4: a flexible umbrella-shaped support anchor, the end collar 9 and the end ring connector 7 are fixedly installed at the end of the circular anchor 1, and the circular anchor 1 The middle part of the spring ring connector 8 and the middle sleeve ring 6 are fixedly installed, and the lower ring connector 3 is movable on the circular anchor rod 1 close to the right side of the middle sleeve ring 6; the resistance parachute around the circular anchor rod 1 includes uniform Cloth reaction force plate 2, pull rod 4, compression spring 5, the end of reaction force plate 2 is hinged with end ring connector 7 through rotating shaft 11, and one end of pull rod 4 is hinged with lower ring connector 3 through pin shaft 10, and pull rod The other end of 4 is hinged with the middle part of the reaction force plate 2 through the mandrel, one end of the compression spring 5 is hinged with the spring ring connector 8 through the mandrel, and the other end of the compression spring 5 is connected with the reaction force plate 2; the flexible cable 12 One end is fixed with the circular hole at the end of the circular anchor rod 1.
所述圆形锚杆1包括防锈处理的粗钢筋或者高锰钢棒。所述反力板2由不锈钢材料或者高强度铝合金材料制成。所述柔性拉索12包括防锈处理的钢绳或者钢塑复合拉筋带。 The circular anchor rod 1 includes thick steel bars or high manganese steel rods treated with antirust. The reaction plate 2 is made of stainless steel or high-strength aluminum alloy. The flexible cable 12 includes a rust-proof steel rope or a steel-plastic composite tie belt.
实施例2如图1-5所示： 采用实施例1所述柔性伞状支护锚杆支护土层边坡的方法，包括： Embodiment 2 is shown in Figures 1-5: The method for supporting the slope of the soil layer using the flexible umbrella-shaped support anchor rod described in Embodiment 1 includes:
① 首先用钻孔设备在边坡的土体16内的锚杆设计位置进行钻孔，所钻孔径要比固定端套环9的直径大3cm以上； ① First use drilling equipment to drill holes at the design position of the anchor rod in the soil body 16 of the slope, and the diameter of the drilled hole will be more than 3cm larger than the diameter of the fixed end collar 9;
② 钻孔深度达到设计要求后，进行清孔，并用灌浆设备在锚杆孔底部进行注浆，注浆深度要超出柔性伞状支护锚杆端头30cm，注浆目的主要是对柔性伞状支护锚杆进行防锈处理； ② After the drilling depth reaches the design requirements, clean the hole, and use grouting equipment to grout at the bottom of the anchor hole. The grouting depth should exceed 30cm from the end of the flexible umbrella support anchor. Anti-rust treatment for support bolts;
③ 将柔性拉索12及圆形锚杆1的右端部穿入直径大于圆形锚杆1、小于下环形连接件3的辅助钢管； ③ Insert the flexible cable 12 and the right end of the circular anchor 1 into the auxiliary steel pipe whose diameter is larger than that of the circular anchor 1 and smaller than that of the lower annular connector 3;
④ 辅助钢管顶住下环形连接件3将柔性伞状支护锚杆顺着所钻孔壁推送到孔底后，将辅助钢管拔出； ④ Auxiliary steel pipe withstands the lower ring connector 3 After pushing the flexible umbrella-shaped support anchor along the drilled hole wall to the bottom of the hole, pull out the auxiliary steel pipe;
⑤ 用千斤顶或者锚杆拉拔器张拉柔性拉索12，这时反力板2在压缩弹簧5的作用下张开，并插入土体内部；在反力板2张开运动的过程中，将通过拉杆4带动下环形连接件3沿圆形锚杆1向左移动；随着拉力的加大，反力板2张开的角度会逐渐增大；当反力板2张开到最大角度，下环形连接件3被中套环6阻止，不能产生移动，这时反力板2将产生巨大反力，通过端部环形连接件7和端套环9传递到圆形锚杆1上，使固定连接在圆形锚杆1下端的柔性拉索12产生巨大的锚固拉力； ⑤ Use a jack or an anchor puller to stretch the flexible cable 12. At this time, the reaction force plate 2 is opened under the action of the compression spring 5 and inserted into the soil body; during the process of the reaction force plate 2 opening and moving, Driven by the pull rod 4, the ring-shaped connecting piece 3 moves to the left along the circular anchor rod 1; as the tension increases, the opening angle of the reaction force plate 2 will gradually increase; when the reaction force plate 2 is opened to the maximum angle , the lower annular connector 3 is blocked by the middle collar 6 and cannot move. At this time, the reaction force plate 2 will generate a huge reaction force, which will be transmitted to the circular anchor rod 1 through the end annular connector 7 and the end collar 9. Make the flexible cable 12 fixedly connected to the lower end of the circular anchor rod 1 generate huge anchoring tension;
⑥ 如图5所示：采用三个的柔性伞状支护锚杆通过柔性拉索12与土工格栅网13和植被防护层14 和挡土墙15相结合的土质高边坡防护结构连接在一起，组成一个牢固可靠地对土质高边坡进行锚固防护的整体。 ⑥ As shown in Figure 5: Three flexible umbrella-shaped support anchors are used to connect the soil high slope protection structure combined with the geogrid 13, the vegetation protection layer 14 and the retaining wall 15 through the flexible cable 12. Together, they form a solid and reliable whole for anchoring and protecting soil high slopes.
Claims (5)
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