CN104171442B - 8% Premix for dairy cattle at late stage of perinatal period and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
8% Premix for dairy cattle at late stage of perinatal period and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a 8% premix for dairy cattle at the late stage of the perinatal period and a preparation method thereof. Various organic trace elements are added in the premix for dairy cattle at the late stage of the perinatal period, and the content of the organic trace elements is scientific and reasonable and is suitable for the dairy cattle at the late stage of the perinatal period, thus the defect of insufficient absorption the dairy cattle at the late stage of the perinatal period to the trace elements is solved, and the occurrence of trace element poisoning is further avoided; the premix is capable of obviously prolonging the milk production age limit of the dairy cattle, increasing the estrus rate and conception rate of the dairy cattle, improving the economic benefits of farmers, reducing postpartum illnesses, shortening fetus distances, and obviously improving the postpartum body conditions of the dairy cattle.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of animal, particularly relate to a kind of milk cow and enclose premix post-partum period 8% and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
In recent years, China's Milk Production improves year by year, the ranks having most cattle farm to enter milk cow per unit area yield to surpass ten tons, indivedual outstanding cattle farm has exceeded milk cow per unit area yield 12 tons, cause series of problems thus, as: the service life of milk cow has been considerably reduced, and the mortality of milk cow improves greatly, has the year mortality of indivedual high yield cattle farms cow in milk to reach 40% and exceedes even in addition.This factor seriously constrains the development of China milk industry.Utilization periods and perinatal feed nutrition, the feeding and management of milk cow have direct relation.
Cow in perinatal period refers to 21 days antenatal 21 days-postpartum of milk cow, and data show, many diseases of high yield cow are all relevant with management to now nutrition.The nutritional need of Diseases of Cow is in increase, but milk cow appetite is in decline, and feed nutrient at this moment should meet and prepares the generation that calving and the needs of giving milk prevent disease in various postpartum again, meanwhile, also will overcome the low problem of appetite.
There are some researches show, the growth of the health of the fertility in milk cow postpartum, appetite, neural growth, hoof, the metabolism of energy, muscle, the growth of bone all with nutrition perinatal period, particularly perinatal period trace element addition have relation.Most researchers concentrates on energy, albumen, anion salt to perinatal research, often have ignored the trace element that people are common, because the interpolation of trace element is limited interpolation, trace element interpolation too much often can not be absorbed by milk cow, and also has the possibility of " poisoning ".
When suitability for industrialized production premix, should be noted that three elements: uniformity, stability and security.
One, uniformity
1. so-called uniformity, namely appoint and get a sample, its each constituent content is identical with each constituent content of other sample, and the uniformity of mixing directly affects feed product quality, owing to mixing inequality, the nutritional labeling that domesticated animal is taken in differs, and it is required that some compositions do not reach Animal nutrition, and some compositions then substantially exceed the ability to bear of animal, the lighter affects physiology and the growth of animal, severe one makes animal produce physiological barrier, causes poisoning, even dead; On the other hand, the trophism in feed can not get fully playing, and indirectly wastes feed resource.
2. affect the factor of mixture homogeneity
The uniformity of premix is except the performance with mixer has significant relationship, and following factor also has a direct impact.
(1) granularity: granularity is also fineness, the i.e. size of particle, weigh with particle diameter and represent.In general, in premix, the granular size of trace mineral supplement is that the amount of being added in feed by it decides.Particle is too small, and volume increases, and causes mobility to be deteriorated, and electrostatic increases simultaneously, easily adsorbs cell wall, thus causes loss and pollute; On the contrary, as fruit granule is excessive, mixing can be caused uneven, particularly for some medicated premixs, affect its interpolation effect.Therefore, the difference in size between premix particle is larger, and the uniformity in feed is poorer.
(2) capacity: the weight of material in capacity and unit volume.
(3) electrostatic charge: very thin pure compound is usually with higher static behaviour.
(4) carrier: carrier is used for microingredients holding, thus requires coarse surface, is beneficial to its surface of trace active ingredient draws or enters in its aperture.
(5) feeding sequence: in order to improve mixture homogeneity, reinforced order is very important.If do not noted, first throwing trace active composition, causing it to be deposited on the bottom of mixer, become mixing dead angle, affect mixture homogeneity.Therefore, for making each micro constitutent in premix mix, the rational feeding sequence of GPRS.
(6) fullness degree of mixer and incorporation time: no matter be which kind of mixer, suitable flow condition is the guarantee that mixer normally works.The number of incorporation time, also can affect the mixture homogeneity of premix in mixer.The best fullness degree of mixer and incorporation time different because of mixer performance, need by test can determine.
(7) fed distance and mode: premix is produced and is different from mixed feed, the conveying of long distance can cause the classification of pollution between each medicine and finished product, affects the uniformity of finished product.Therefore, premix production requirement circuit is brief, reduces as far as possible and transports link.
Two, stability
So-called stability, the degree that namely in feed, various active component keeps its activity to tire.The stability of premix is an important indicator of premix product quality, and as the activated biochemical of tool, it is quite responsive to the physical and chemical factor residing for it, and unstable raw material affects the result of use of animal to feed.The factor affecting premix stability is a lot, has the quality of the chemical constitution of raw material, carrier, diluent, period of storage and storage requirement, compatibility etc.
1. the chemical constitution of raw material: in the raw material of composition premix, the chemical stability of some vitamin is poor, even if same vitamin, also normal have different stability because of structure and the different of formulation.
2. the acid-base value of carrier and diluent: acid-base value directly has influence on the activity of trace mineral supplement, slant acidity or meta-alkalescence all produce harmful effect to vitamin and other trace active components.
3. water content: owing to there being the active component that various chemical property is different in additive premix, their chemical reaction is each other all medium with water.
4. moisture absorption and hydrophily: moisture absorption refers to that carrier or active component absorb moisture from air, self deliquescence or moisture increase, and active component was lost efficacy in storage.
5. stabilization processes: in the composition of premix, the mineral salt of trace element, some poorly water-solubles, technique easily processes, and the very easily moisture absorption had, gets damp and lump, impact processing and feed product quality.And extreme portions vitamin is subject to the impact of the factors such as oxygen, humidity, heat, illumination, metal ion and reduces its activity.
6. period of storage and condition: premix, the particularly premix of multivitamin equistability difference, often because the condition such as water content, temperature, humidity, illumination, acid-base value during the length of period of storage and storage custody is not good enough, its quality is had an impact, causes active component to lose efficacy.
Three, security
In premix, except the part grain class raw material similar with in mixed feed or its byproduct, most of raw material is that pharmaceutical factory or chemical plant produce, and presents chemism all to some extent.Some is toxic at doses, and some even can produce corrosiveness.Conversely, the manufactured materials of equipment also may affect tiring of some composition.Therefore, must crudy be ensured during production and note operating personnel's self-protection.All equipment, pipelines contacted with high concentration composition, should select suitable material, as stainless steel etc., strengthen the security protection to people, animal, equipment three.In super premix, the requirement of the content of heavy metal (lead, chromium, mercury, arsenic), should reach food-grade, meets people and eats harmless degree.
Have the technical scheme of concentrate feed or the feed much eaten about herding in patent database, each raw material and proportioning thereof disclosed in it, wherein seldom have the factor of the active ingredient considering each raw material.In commercially available each raw material, due to its place of production, batch, the time of making the product, selling time difference, its effective content is also different; Therefore, only disclosing each raw material and proportioning thereof in existing patent document, and do not go to consider the ratio shared by its active ingredient, is unscientific way, is also to ensure industrial uniformity.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the technological deficiency for existing in prior art, and provide a kind of milk cow to enclose premix post-partum period 8% and preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted for realizing object of the present invention is: a kind of milk cow encloses premix post-partum period 8%, it is characterized in that the premix of per kilogram comprises following component:
Calcium constituent 4-10%, P elements 1-2%, salt 5-15%, copper 0.4-0.6g, cobalt element 0.03-0.06g, ferro element 0.4-1g, I 0.04-0.08g, potassium element >=1.3g, manganese element 1.0-1.5g, selenium element 0.01-0.03g, Zn-ef ficiency 1.0-1.5g, biotin 0.02 – 0.04g, nicotinic acid >=10g, vitamin A: 240-300TIU, vitamine D3: 80-110TIU and vitamin E >=3.5g.
Above-mentioned each element can derive from the slaine of each element or comprise the mineral matter of respective metal salt, preferably, the calcium constituent in above-mentioned premix and P elements come from stone flour and calcium monohydrogen phosphate, copper come from copper sulphate and or organic copper, cobalt element comes from cobaltous sulfate, ferro element comes from ferrous sulfate, I and potassium element come from KI and potassium chloride, manganese unit come from manganese sulfate and or Organic Manganese, selenium element come from sodium selenite and or yeast selenium, Zn-ef ficiency come from zinc oxide and or organic zinc.
Through converting, each component in premix per ton and content are: stone flour: 75 ~ double centner, calcium monohydrogen phosphate: 90 ~ double centner, salt: 95 ~ 105 kilograms, yeast culture: 45 ~ 55 kilograms, the copper sulphate of 25%: 1.4 kilograms, the organic copper of 10%: 1.4 kilograms, the cobaltous sulfate of 24%: 0.2 kilogram, the zinc oxide of 75%: 1 kilogram, the organic zinc of 12%: 4.3 kilograms, dilution is the KI of 7.5%: 0.9 kilogram, the potassium chloride of 45%: 3.2 kilograms, the ferrous sulfate of 30%: 2.1 kilograms, the manganese sulfate of 30%: 3.4 kilograms, the Organic Manganese of 8%: 3.3 kilograms, the sodium selenite of 1%: 0.5 kilogram, 1% yeast selenium: 1 kilogram, 2% biotin: 1.3 kilograms, 99% nicotinic acid: 11.2 kilograms, 50% vitamin E: 7.5 kilograms, every gram of vitamin A containing 500,000 units: 0.6 kilogram, every gram of vitamine D3 containing 500,000 units: 0.2 kilogram, surplus is carrier.
Preferably, above-mentioned carrier is time powder.
The preparation method of above-mentioned premix, is specially: sieve after each component grinding, then join after fully mixing in mixer obtained.
The using method of above-mentioned premix: enclose in the complete mixed daily ration of milk cow Direct-fed post-partum period and comprise a certain proportion of concentrate supplement, enclose premix post-partum period 8% containing provided by the invention in concentrate supplement.
Will compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) enclose in premix post-partum period and add various organic trace element, the content of organic trace element is scientific and reasonable, be applicable to the milk cow enclosing post-partum period, not only solve the defect that milk cow encloses absorption of trace elements deficiency post-partum period, the situation also having stopped trace element " poisoning " occurs;
(2) enclose in premix post-partum period and with the addition of cobalt element, cobalt element derives from cobaltous sulfate, its addition is made to meet or exceed 13.6 times of international animal Nutritional Requirement standard (NRC standard), thus substantially increase the feed intake of Diseases of Cow, effectively reduce metabolic disease and occur, extend rush hour, strengthening vitality, improve its reproductive efficiency, meanwhile, for the calving of the health of milk cow, the Quick-return of function of rumen provide precondition;
(3) provided by the inventionly the time limit but also improve cow oestrus rate, conception rate of giving milk that premix post-partum period not only can significantly improve milk cow is enclosed, improve the economic benefit of raiser, decrease postpartum disease, shorten tire spacing, obviously improve milk cow body condition in postpartum; The each component raw material buying used is convenient, easy to use, and easily promote, practical value is high.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
A kind of milk cow encloses premix post-partum period 8%, and the premix of per kilogram comprises following component: calcium constituent 4-10%, P elements 1-2%, salt 5-15%, copper 0.4-0.6g, cobalt element 0.03-0.06g, ferro element 0.4-1g, I 0.04-0.08g, potassium element >=1.3g, manganese element 1.0-1.5g, selenium element 0.01-0.03g, Zn-ef ficiency 1.0-1.5g, biotin 0.02 – 0.04g, nicotinic acid >=10g, vitamin A: 240-300TIU, vitamine D3: 80-110TIU and vitamin E >=3.5g.
Above-mentioned each element can derive from the slaine of each element or comprise the mineral matter of respective metal salt, preferably, the calcium constituent in above-mentioned premix and P elements come from stone flour and calcium monohydrogen phosphate, copper come from copper sulphate and or organic copper, cobalt element comes from cobaltous sulfate, ferro element comes from ferrous sulfate, I and potassium element come from KI and potassium chloride, manganese unit come from manganese sulfate and or Organic Manganese, selenium element come from sodium selenite and or yeast selenium, Zn-ef ficiency come from zinc oxide and or organic zinc.
Adding of yeast culture is fermented in ox stomach for the ease of food, promotes enzyme reaction, promotes the digestion power of ox, with the nutritional labeling in better assimilating food.
In each component of concentrate feed, due to above-mentioned slaine or the place of production of mineral matter, batch difference that comprise respective metal salt, its effective content is also different; Ye You producer can be in the consideration that reduces costs and select the raw material that seasonal price is lower; Therefore, need first to determine each element comprised of each component and the ratio of active ingredient, then by calculating the amount of element that milk cow should be taken in perinatal period; In other words, if wherein some commercially available components producer or batch there occurs change, so by calculating, then adjusting the consumption of each component, just can reach each amount of element that milk cow takes in invariable.
Percentage in the embodiment 1-2 enumerated below before each component refers to the ratio shared by its active ingredient.
Embodiment 1:
Per tonly enclose each component in premix post-partum period and content is: stone flour: 75 kilograms, calcium monohydrogen phosphate: double centner, salt: 95 kilograms, yeast culture: 55 kilograms, the copper sulphate of 25%: 1.4 kilograms, the organic copper of 10%: 1.4 kilograms, the cobaltous sulfate of 24%: 0.2 kilogram, the zinc oxide of 75%: 1 kilogram, the organic zinc of 12%: 4.3 kilograms, dilution is the KI of 7.5%: 0.9 kilogram, the potassium chloride of 45%: 3.2 kilograms, the ferrous sulfate of 30%: 2.1 kilograms, the manganese sulfate of 30%: 3.4 kilograms, the Organic Manganese of 8%: 3.3 kilograms, the sodium selenite of 1%: 0.5 kilogram, 1% yeast selenium: 1 kilogram, 2% biotin: 1.3 kilograms, 99% nicotinic acid: 11.2 kilograms, 50% vitamin E: 7.5 kilograms, every gram of vitamin A containing 500,000 units: 0.6 kilogram, every gram of vitamine D3 containing 500,000 units: 0.2 kilogram, surplus is time powder.
Embodiment 2:
Per tonly enclose each component in premix post-partum period and content is: stone flour: double centner, calcium monohydrogen phosphate: 90 kilograms, salt: 105 kilograms, yeast culture: 45 kilograms, the copper sulphate of 25%: 1.4 kilograms, the organic copper of 10%: 1.4 kilograms, the cobaltous sulfate of 24%: 0.2 kilogram, the zinc oxide of 75%: 1 kilogram, the organic zinc of 12%: 4.3 kilograms, dilution is the KI of 7.5%: 0.9 kilogram, the potassium chloride of 45%: 3.2 kilograms, the ferrous sulfate of 30%: 2.1 kilograms, the manganese sulfate of 30%: 3.4 kilograms, the Organic Manganese of 8%: 3.3 kilograms, the sodium selenite of 1%: 0.5 kilogram, 1% yeast selenium: 1 kilogram, 2% biotin: 1.3 kilograms, 99% nicotinic acid: 11.2 kilograms, 50% vitamin E: 7.5 kilograms, every gram of vitamin A containing 500,000 units: 0.6 kilogram, every gram of vitamine D3 containing 500,000 units: 0.2 kilogram, surplus is time powder.
The each component used in embodiment 1,2 is all purchased from commercially available prod, and its preparation method is: sieve after each component grinding, then join after fully mixing in mixer obtained.
The using method of above-mentioned premix: enclose in the complete mixed daily ration of milk cow Direct-fed post-partum period and comprise a certain proportion of concentrate supplement, enclose premix post-partum period 8% containing provided by the invention in concentrate supplement.
Application test example:
Experiment place: the honest field experiment in Tianjin, milk cow mixing group 870;
Experimental period: in June ,-2014 in November, 2011, have selected 360 cow heads altogether and participates in administering transgenic, and 360 cow heads all adopt complete mixed daily ration, and management mode is identical;
Pre-perinatal every day feeding standard: the complete mixed daily ration of pre-perinatal every cow head 30 kilograms;
Enclose feeding standard every day post-partum period: the complete mixed daily ration enclosing every cow head 49 kilograms post-partum period;
Wherein:
Perinatal period test group: 200 cow heads enter in pre-perinatal rear edible table 1 record concentrate supplement 1; Milk cow enters to enclose and continues concentrate supplement 3 post-partum period, and for preparing containing the embodiment of the present invention 1 in concentrate supplement 3 encloses premix post-partum period 8%.
Perinatal period control group: remaining 160 enter in pre-perinatal rear edible table 1 record concentrate supplement 2, control group enclosing eat post-partum period in table 1 record concentrate supplement 4; Concentrate supplement 2 and concentrate supplement 4 all contain general premix lactation of 5%, and general premix lactation is the premix of the AF-H54 model that the honest feed group company in Tianjin produces.
Table 1: test group and control group are at the pre-perinatal component table with enclosing the concentrate supplement eaten post-partum period
In table 1, test group and control group pre-perinatal and enclose post-partum period in the concentrate supplement that eats, only have the consumption of premix and corn to be different, add sodium bicarbonate and magnesia post-partum period enclosing, its object is also the acid-base value in order to regulate ox stomach.
Table 2: test group and control group are pre-perinatal and enclose calcium P elements and nutrient component meter in edible concentrate supplement post-partum period
In table 2, the calcium P elements that test group and control group were taken in perinatal period and nutritional labeling are not almost distinguished; The object that comparative experimental example designs like this is objectively to distinguish the premix provided by the invention of milk cattle fooder and difference that lactation, general premix brought.
Table 3: the component table of the complete mixed daily ration of test group and control group
In table 3, the complete mixed daily ration enclosing post-partum period adds feeding amount compared to pre-perinatal, and in addition, the complete mixed daily ration enclosing post-partum period also add the supply of cotton seed and molasses, and its object is all enclosing the nutritional need of post-partum period to meet milk cow.
Undertaken testing and data statistics by passing through, the comparing result of control group and test group is as follows:
Experiment one: dry matter intake and output of milk ratio
Result: 2.12-1.95=0.17 kilogram.
The content of the immunoglobulin (Ig) in experiment two, the first Ruzhong of raising
Result: the content of the immunoglobulin (Ig) in first Ruzhong improves 32.3%-23.8%=8.5%.
Experiment three, minimizing somatic number
Title | Control group | Test group |
Somatic number | 2.34 ten thousand | 2.12 ten thousand |
Result: the minimizing somatic number of test group is: 2.34-2.12=0.22 ten thousand.
Experiment four: the incidence reducing hoof disease
Postpartum hoof disease incidence | Control group | Test group |
75 days postpartum | 34.1% | 17.7% |
250 days postpartum | 23.6% | 10.0% |
Result: the incidence of the hoof disease in 75 days postpartum reduces: 34.1-17.1=17%;
The incidence of the hoof disease in 250 days postpartum reduces: 23.6-10=13.6%.
Test five, increase the conceived ratio in 150 days postpartum
The conceived ratio in postpartum | Control group | Test group |
Postpartum breeds first | 42.7% | 51.7% |
During 150 days postpartum | 67.4% | 79.1% |
Result: the conceived ratio of breeding first postpartum improves: 51.7-42.7=9%;
The conceived ratio in 150 days postpartum improves: 79.1-67.4=11.7%.
Experiment six, postpartum correct newborn value added
Title | Control group | Test group |
Corrected value | 0.9 kilogram | 1.8 kilogram |
Result: 1.8-0.9=0.9 kilogram.
Test seven, reduce nonpregnant number of days
Title | Control group | Test group |
The nonpregnant number of days reduced | 13 | 60 |
From the result of experiment one to seven, the Cow-feeding of test group is obvious doped with the effect after premix perinatal period 8%, its beneficial aspects specifically: one, safe and convenient to use; Two, the immunoglobulin (Ig) in just Ruzhong is improved; Three, somatic number is reduced; Four, the generation of hoof disease is reduced; Five, the conceived ratio in postpartum is increased; Six, the output of milk is increased; Seven, breeding potential is improved.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. milk cow encloses premix post-partum period 8%, it is characterized in that the premix of per kilogram comprises following component: calcium constituent 4-10%, P elements 1-2%, salt 5-15%, copper 0.4-0.6g, cobalt element 0.03-0.06g, ferro element 0.4-1g, I 0.04-0.08g, potassium element >=1.3g, manganese element 1.0-1.5g, selenium element 0.01-0.03g, Zn-ef ficiency 1.0-1.5g, biotin 0.02 – 0.04g, nicotinic acid >=10g, vitamin A: 240-300TIU, vitamine D3: 80-110TIU and vitamin E >=3.5g, calcium constituent in described premix and P elements come from stone flour and calcium monohydrogen phosphate, copper come from copper sulphate and organic copper, cobalt element come from cobaltous sulfate, ferro element comes from ferrous sulfate, I and potassium element comes from KI and potassium chloride, manganese unit come from manganese sulfate and Organic Manganese, selenium element come from sodium selenite and yeast selenium, Zn-ef ficiency come from zinc oxide and organic zinc, in described premix per ton, each component and content are: stone flour: 75 ~ double centner, calcium monohydrogen phosphate: 90 ~ double centner, salt: 95 ~ 105 kilograms, yeast culture: 45 ~ 55 kilograms, the copper sulphate of 25%: 1.4 kilograms, the organic copper of 10%: 1.4 kilograms, the cobaltous sulfate of 24%: 0.2 kilogram, the zinc oxide of 75%: 1 kilogram, the organic zinc of 12%: 4.3 kilograms, dilution is the KI of 7.5%: 0.9 kilogram, the potassium chloride of 45%: 3.2 kilograms, the ferrous sulfate of 30%: 2.1 kilograms, the manganese sulfate of 30%: 3.4 kilograms, the Organic Manganese of 8%: 3.3 kilograms, the sodium selenite of 1%: 0.5 kilogram, 1% yeast selenium: 1 kilogram, 2% biotin: 1.3 kilograms, 99% nicotinic acid: 11.2 kilograms, 50% vitamin E: 7.5 kilograms, every gram of vitamin A containing 500,000 units: 0.6 kilogram, every gram of vitamine D3 containing 500,000 units: 0.2 kilogram, surplus is carrier.
2. a kind of milk cow according to claim 1 encloses premix post-partum period 8%, it is characterized in that carrier is time powder.
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Address after: 300457, No. seventh, 17 Avenue, Dongting Road, Tianjin economic and Technological Development Zone Patentee after: Zhengda premix (Tianjin) Co., Ltd. Address before: 300457, No. seventh, No. 17, Dongting Road, Tianjin economic and Technological Development Zone, Binhai New Area Patentee before: TIANJIN CHIATAI FEED TECH CO., LTD. |