CN104158153A - Method for improving four-step commutation steady operational reliability of matrix converter - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种提高矩阵变换器四步换流稳健运行可靠性的方法，包括：过流电压上下限设置时，通过一个跟随器进行输出，在输出端，连接数字电路逻辑门电路；三相电流方向检测电路在反相器电路的输出端连接两个反并联的二极管，当电流由正过零时，第一个二极管导通，将零点电位箝位在导通压降上；当电流由负过零时，第二个二极管导通，也将零点箝位在导通压降上；矩阵变换器四步换流的电路包括：三相输入电流的过流检测电路和三相电流方向检测电路。本发明避免了零点附近电压过低造成的电流方向判断失误和实际电流值接近参考时由于参考电压波动而造成判断失误；过流检测输出端连接数字电路逻辑门电路，提高了电路的抗干扰能力。
The invention discloses a method for improving the stable operation reliability of the four-step commutation of a matrix converter, which includes: when the upper and lower limits of the overcurrent voltage are set, the output is performed through a follower, and a digital circuit logic gate is connected to the output end; three The phase current direction detection circuit connects two anti-parallel diodes at the output end of the inverter circuit. When the current crosses zero from positive, the first diode conducts and clamps the zero point potential to the conduction voltage drop; when the current When the negative crosses zero, the second diode conducts and clamps the zero point on the conduction voltage drop; the matrix converter four-step commutation circuit includes: the overcurrent detection circuit of the three-phase input current and the direction of the three-phase current detection circuit. The invention avoids the misjudgment of the current direction caused by the low voltage near the zero point and the misjudgment caused by the fluctuation of the reference voltage when the actual current value is close to the reference; the output terminal of the overcurrent detection is connected to the logic gate circuit of the digital circuit, which improves the anti-interference ability of the circuit .
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于矩阵变换器技术领域，尤其涉及一种提高矩阵变换器四步换流稳健运行可靠性的方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of matrix converters, and in particular relates to a method for improving the stable operation reliability of a four-step commutation of a matrix converter.
背景技术Background technique
四步换流是矩阵变换器研究的一个关键技术，而电流方向的判断是四步换流成败的一个关键因素，特别是电流过零点附近的正确判断，多年来一直是一个热点和难点问题。国内外学者对矩阵变换器的换流技术进行了广泛而深入的研究，先后提出了四步换流、两步换流、一步换流等，后两者理论上是减少了换流时间，提高了电压利用率，但对电流方向的检测提出了更高的要求，大量研究表明其可靠性比四步换流明显低，因此，四步换流至今仍有研究价值。各国学者也对四步换流进行了大量研究，并且已经应用到别的变换器研究上。尽管他们对四步换流提出了许多改进措施，但仍然存在一些不足之处，如有的控制算法非常复杂，有的控制电路繁琐，等等，而可靠仍然比较低，尤其在电流过零点附近容易出错。Four-step commutation is a key technology in matrix converter research, and the judgment of current direction is a key factor for the success of four-step commutation, especially the correct judgment near the current zero crossing has been a hot and difficult problem for many years. Scholars at home and abroad have conducted extensive and in-depth research on the commutation technology of matrix converters, and successively proposed four-step commutation, two-step commutation, and one-step commutation, etc. The latter two theoretically reduce commutation time and improve The voltage utilization rate is improved, but higher requirements are put forward for the detection of the current direction. A large number of studies have shown that its reliability is significantly lower than that of the four-step commutation. Therefore, the four-step commutation still has research value. Scholars from various countries have also conducted a lot of research on the four-step commutation, and it has been applied to other converter research. Although they proposed many improvement measures for the four-step commutation, there are still some shortcomings, such as some control algorithms are very complicated, some control circuits are cumbersome, etc., and the reliability is still relatively low, especially near the zero-crossing point of the current Error-prone.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明实施例的目的在于提供一种提高矩阵变换器四步换流稳健运行可靠性的方法，旨在解决现有矩阵变换器四步换流方法存在的可靠性低，电流过零点附近容易出错的问题。The purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the reliability of the stable operation of the four-step commutation of the matrix converter, aiming at solving the problem of low reliability in the existing four-step commutation method of the matrix converter and the error-prone near the current zero-crossing point The problem.
本发明实施例是这样实现的，一种提高矩阵变换器四步换流稳健运行可靠性的方法，该方法包括：三相输出电流的过流检测电路：当任意一相或两相或三相过流时，在输出端输出低电平，同时发光二极管发光报警，过流信号输入四步换流模块，封锁全部驱动信号输出；过流电压上下限设置时，通过一个跟随器进行输出，在输出端，连接数字电路逻辑门电路；The embodiment of the present invention is achieved in this way, a method for improving the reliability of the stable operation of the four-step commutation of the matrix converter, the method includes: the overcurrent detection circuit of the three-phase output current: when any one phase or two phases or three phases When over-current occurs, the output terminal outputs a low level, and at the same time, the LED lights up to give an alarm. The over-current signal is input to the four-step commutation module, and all drive signal outputs are blocked; The output terminal is connected to the logic gate circuit of the digital circuit;
三相输出电流方向检测电路：在反相器电路的输出端连接两个反并联的二极管，当电流由正过零时，第一二极管导通，将零点电位箝位在导通压降上；当电流由负过零时，第二二极管导通，也将零点箝位在导通压降上。Three-phase output current direction detection circuit: two anti-parallel diodes are connected at the output end of the inverter circuit. When the current crosses zero from positive to zero, the first diode conducts, and the zero point potential is clamped at the conduction voltage drop. On; when the current crosses zero from negative, the second diode conducts, and also clamps the zero point on the conduction voltage drop.
进一步，三相输出电流的过流检测电路的具体连接为：电路的输入端1、3、4分别连接地、-15V、+15V电源为运算放大器供电；电路的输入端1、4分别连接地、+15V电源为比较器供电；电路的输入端5连接+5V电源为与门电路和RS触发器供电，同时为二极管提供箝位电压，作为比较器输出的过压保护，还连接到RS触发器的置位端/S2，以屏蔽该置位功能；电路的输入端2连接电流传感器输出的三相交流电流；左边取出的正负电流指令值分别连接到比较器的7脚和4脚。整个电路的输出信号即RS触发器的输出信号(过流检测信号)和地分别通过连接器连接到四步换流模块的过流信号输入端和地，作为重要的输入信号之一。Further, the specific connection of the overcurrent detection circuit of the three-phase output current is as follows: the input terminals 1, 3 and 4 of the circuit are respectively connected to the ground, and the -15V and +15V power supplies supply power for the operational amplifier; the input terminals 1 and 4 of the circuit are respectively connected to the ground , +15V power supply powers the comparator; the input terminal 5 of the circuit is connected to the +5V power supply to supply power for the AND gate circuit and the RS trigger, and at the same time provides a clamping voltage for the diode as an overvoltage protection for the output of the comparator, and is also connected to the RS trigger The setting terminal /S2 of the device is used to shield the setting function; the input terminal 2 of the circuit is connected to the three-phase AC current output by the current sensor; the positive and negative current command values taken out on the left are respectively connected to pins 7 and 4 of the comparator. The output signal of the entire circuit, that is, the output signal of the RS flip-flop (overcurrent detection signal) and the ground are respectively connected to the overcurrent signal input terminal and the ground of the four-step converter module through connectors, as one of the important input signals.
进一步，三相输出电流方向检测电路的具体连接为：电路的输入端1、3、4分别连接地、-15V、+15V电源为运算放大器供电；电路的输入端1、4分别连接地、+15V电源为比较器供电；电路的输入端5连接+5V电源为二极管提供箝位电压，作为比较器输出的过压保护；电路的输入端2连接电流传感器输出的三相交流电流，作为运算放大器的同相输入信号。整个电路的输出信号即三个过零比较器的输出信号(电流方向检测信号)IU_D、IV_D、IW_D分别连接三项输出三个独立的四步换流模块，作为四步换流的负载电流方向输入信号。Further, the specific connection of the three-phase output current direction detection circuit is as follows: the input terminals 1, 3 and 4 of the circuit are respectively connected to the ground, and the -15V and +15V power supplies supply power for the operational amplifier; the input terminals 1 and 4 of the circuit are respectively connected to the ground, + The 15V power supply supplies power to the comparator; the input terminal 5 of the circuit is connected to the +5V power supply to provide a clamping voltage for the diode as an overvoltage protection for the output of the comparator; the input terminal 2 of the circuit is connected to the three-phase AC current output by the current sensor as an operational amplifier non-inverting input signal. The output signal of the entire circuit is the output signal of the three zero-crossing comparators (current direction detection signals) IU_D, IV_D, and IW_D are respectively connected to three output three independent four-step commutation modules, as the load current direction of the four-step commutation input signal.
进一步，矩阵变换器四步换流的电路将过流检测信号和输出电流方向检测信号输入四步换流模块，稳定输出正确的驱动信号；当存在过流时，及时封锁输出驱动信号，使矩阵变换器停止工作而受到保护；当没有过流时，四步换流模块能正常换流，输出正确的驱动信号，正确驱动IGBT使矩阵变换器持续稳定正常工作。Furthermore, the four-step commutation circuit of the matrix converter inputs the overcurrent detection signal and the output current direction detection signal into the four-step commutation module, and stably outputs the correct drive signal; when there is an overcurrent, the output drive signal is blocked in time to make the matrix The converter stops working and is protected; when there is no overcurrent, the four-step commutation module can commutate normally, output the correct driving signal, and drive the IGBT correctly to make the matrix converter continue to work stably and normally.
本发明提供的提高矩阵变换器四步换流稳健运行可靠性的方法，在三相输出电流的过流检测电路中，过流电压上下限设置时，各通过一个跟随器进行输出，这样得到的过流电压上下限参考值，非常稳定，可以避免实际电流值接近参考时由于参考电压波动而造成判断失误，从而避免矩阵变换器错误停机；在过流检测输出端，连接数字电路逻辑门电路，不但简化了输出端，还提高了抗干扰能力，进一步提高了电路工作的可靠性；在输出三相电流方向检测电路利用了二极管的箝位功能，避免零点附近电压过低造成的电流方向判断失误，结构简单，软硬件开销很小。本发明将过流检测信号和输出电流方向检测信号输入四步换流模块，能稳定输出正确的驱动信号；当存在过流时，能及时封锁输出驱动信号，使矩阵变换器停止工作而受到保护；当没有过流时，四步换流模块能正常换流，输出正确的驱动信号，正确驱动IGBT使矩阵变换器持续稳定正常工作。The method for improving the robust operation reliability of the four-step commutation of the matrix converter provided by the present invention, in the overcurrent detection circuit of the three-phase output current, when the upper and lower limits of the overcurrent voltage are set, each output is performed through a follower, and the obtained The reference value of the upper and lower limits of the overcurrent voltage is very stable, which can avoid the misjudgment caused by the fluctuation of the reference voltage when the actual current value is close to the reference, thereby avoiding the wrong shutdown of the matrix converter; at the output terminal of the overcurrent detection, connect the digital circuit logic gate circuit, It not only simplifies the output terminal, but also improves the anti-interference ability and further improves the reliability of the circuit operation; the output three-phase current direction detection circuit uses the clamp function of the diode to avoid the misjudgment of the current direction caused by the low voltage near the zero point , the structure is simple, and the hardware and software overhead is very small. The invention inputs the overcurrent detection signal and the output current direction detection signal into the four-step commutation module, and can stably output the correct drive signal; when there is an overcurrent, the output drive signal can be blocked in time, so that the matrix converter stops working and is protected ; When there is no overcurrent, the four-step commutation module can commutate normally, output the correct driving signal, and correctly drive the IGBT to make the matrix converter continue to work stably and normally.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明实施例提供的矩阵变换器四步换流的三相输出电流(A，B,C)的过流检测电路示意图；FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overcurrent detection circuit for a three-phase output current (A, B, C) of a matrix converter with four-step commutation provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本发明实施例提供的输出三相电流方向检测电路示意图；2 is a schematic diagram of an output three-phase current direction detection circuit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图3是本发明实施例提供的矩阵变换器四步换流实验波形示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a four-step commutation experiment waveform of a matrix converter provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图4是本发明实施例提供的矩阵变换器输出线电压波形示意图；4 is a schematic diagram of a matrix converter output line voltage waveform provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图5是本发明实施例提供的矩阵变换器输出相电压波形示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of output phase voltage waveforms of a matrix converter provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.
下面结合附图及具体实施例对本发明的应用原理作进一步描述。The application principle of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
本发明实施例的提高矩阵变换器四步换流稳健运行可靠性的方法包括：三相输出电流的过流检测电路，当任意一相或两相或三相过流时，在输出端输出低电平，同时发光二极管发光报警，过流信号输入四步换流模块，封锁全部驱动信号输出；过流电压上下限设置时，通过一个跟随器进行输出，在输出端，连接数字电路逻辑门电路，具体的实现原理是：当三相输出电流每相均未超过指令电流的上下限时，每相的与门输出高电平，再通过三输入与门输出高电平，该高电平作为基本RS触发器的置位输入，使其状态保持不变；当三相输出电流中有超过指令电流的上限或下限时，过流的那一相的与门输出低电平，则三输入与门输出低电平，该低电平作为基本RS触发器的置位输入，使其状态置为高电平，发光二极管发光报警，同时该高电平输入四步换流模块，封锁开关驱动信号输出，起到保护作用。The method for improving the robust operation reliability of the four-step commutation of the matrix converter in the embodiment of the present invention includes: the overcurrent detection circuit of the three-phase output current, when any one phase or two phases or three phases are overcurrent, output a low voltage at the output terminal At the same time, the light-emitting diode emits light to alarm, and the over-current signal is input to the four-step commutation module, and all drive signal outputs are blocked; when the upper and lower limits of the over-current voltage are set, it is output through a follower, and the output terminal is connected to a digital circuit logic gate circuit , the specific implementation principle is: when the three-phase output current does not exceed the upper and lower limits of the command current, the AND gate of each phase outputs a high level, and then outputs a high level through the three-input AND gate, and the high level is used as the basic The set input of the RS flip-flop keeps its state unchanged; when the three-phase output current exceeds the upper or lower limit of the command current, the AND gate of the overcurrent phase outputs a low level, and the three-input AND gate Output low level, the low level is used as the set input of the basic RS flip-flop to set its state to high level, the light-emitting diode lights up to alarm, and at the same time, the high level is input to the four-step converter module to block the switch drive signal output , play a protective role.
三相输出电流方向检测电路在反相器电路的输出端连接两个反并联的二极管：就是将二极管D1的阴极和阳极分别与二极管D2的阳极和阴极连接起来，再接到运算放大器电路的输出端和过零比较器的输入端。当电流由正过零时，第一个二极管导通，将零点电位箝位在导通压降上；当电流由负过零时，第二个二极管导通，也将零点箝位在导通压降上。The three-phase output current direction detection circuit connects two anti-parallel diodes at the output of the inverter circuit: the cathode and anode of the diode D1 are respectively connected to the anode and cathode of the diode D2, and then connected to the output of the operational amplifier circuit terminal and the input of the zero-crossing comparator. When the current crosses zero from positive, the first diode conducts and clamps the zero point potential to the conduction voltage drop; when the current crosses zero from negative to zero, the second diode conducts and clamps the zero point to the conduction voltage. pressure drop on.
如图1所示，是三相输出电流(A，B,C)的过流检测电路，当任意一相或两相或三相过流时，在输出端(IOC)输出低电平，同时发光二极管发光报警，这时过流信号输入四步换流模块，封锁全部驱动信号输出；过流检测电路中(1)过流电压上下限设置时，各通过一个跟随器进行输出，这样得到的过流电压上下限参考值，非常稳定，可以避免实际电流值(已转化为电压)接近参考时由于参考电压波动而造成判断失误，从而避免矩阵变换器错误停机，(2)在过流检测输出端，连接数字电路逻辑门电路，不但简化了输出端，还提高了抗干扰能力，进一步提高电路工作的可靠性；As shown in Figure 1, it is an overcurrent detection circuit for three-phase output current (A, B, C). When any one phase, two phases or three phases are overcurrent, the output terminal (I OC ) outputs a low level, At the same time, the light-emitting diode emits light to give an alarm. At this time, the over-current signal is input to the four-step commutation module, and all drive signal outputs are blocked; in the over-current detection circuit (1) when the upper and lower limits of the over-current voltage are set, each output is output through a follower, so that The reference value of the upper and lower limits of the overcurrent voltage is very stable, which can avoid judgment errors caused by reference voltage fluctuations when the actual current value (converted into voltage) is close to the reference, thereby avoiding the wrong shutdown of the matrix converter. (2) During overcurrent detection The output terminal is connected to the logic gate circuit of the digital circuit, which not only simplifies the output terminal, but also improves the anti-interference ability and further improves the reliability of the circuit operation;
如图2所示，是输出三相电流方向检测电路，其功能是：当图1未检测到过流信号时，由图2检测输出电流方向，然后将该电流方向输入四步换流模块，让换流正常进行，输出驱动信号，通过驱动电路驱动IGBT，使矩阵变换器正常工作；利用了二极管的箝位功能，避免零点附近电压过低造成的电流方向判断失误，结构简单，软硬件开销很小；As shown in Figure 2, it is an output three-phase current direction detection circuit, and its function is: when no overcurrent signal is detected in Figure 1, the output current direction is detected by Figure 2, and then the current direction is input into the four-step converter module, Let the commutation proceed normally, output the driving signal, drive the IGBT through the driving circuit, and make the matrix converter work normally; use the clamp function of the diode to avoid the wrong judgment of the current direction caused by the low voltage near the zero point, the structure is simple, and the software and hardware overhead very small;
本发明的输出三相电流方向检测电路的工作原理:三相输入电流先通过放大电路滤波，再通过比较器电路进行电流方向判断，但是在电流过零点时容易出错，这是由于客观存在外界干扰或电网不稳定或波动，在零点附近容易随机出错，这样会造成四步换流失败，以A相输出为例，为了解决这个难题，在反相器电路的输出端连接两个反并联的二极管，当电流由正过零时，第一个二极管导通，将零点电位箝位在其导通压降上；当电流由负过零时，第二个二极管导通，也将零点箝位在其导通压降上，这样可以巧妙地避免零点附近电压过低造成的电流方向判断失误。The working principle of the output three-phase current direction detection circuit of the present invention: the three-phase input current is first filtered by the amplifier circuit, and then the current direction is judged by the comparator circuit, but it is easy to make mistakes when the current crosses zero, which is due to the objective existence of external interference Or the power grid is unstable or fluctuating, and it is easy to make random errors near the zero point, which will cause four-step commutation failure. Take the A-phase output as an example. In order to solve this problem, two anti-parallel diodes are connected at the output of the inverter circuit , when the current crosses zero from positive, the first diode conducts and clamps the zero point potential at its conduction voltage drop; when the current crosses zero from negative to zero, the second diode conducts and clamps the zero point at Its turn-on voltage drop is high, which can skillfully avoid the misjudgment of the current direction caused by the low voltage near the zero point.
通过以下实验对本发明的使用效果做进一步的说明：Use effect of the present invention is described further by following experiment:
实践证明：实际控制中，能起到令人意想不到的良好效果，将过流检测信号和输出电流方向检测信号输入四步换流模块，能稳定输出正确的驱动信号，当存在过流时，能及时封锁输出驱动信号，使矩阵变换器停止工作而受到保护；当没有过流时，四步换流模块能正常换流，输出正确的驱动信号，正确驱动IGBT使矩阵变换器持续稳定正常工作；如图3是四步换流模块的实验波形，是在过流检测电路未检测到过流现象和输出电路方向检测电路检测到电路方向为正时根据开关信号的输入得到的波形，要求从a相切换到b相，换流模块的输出显示，先关a相的反向开关，再b相的正向开关，再关a向的正向开关，最后开b向的反向开关，刚好是四步完成，可以正常工作；图4和图5是矩阵变换器输出线电压波形的示意图和矩阵变换器输出相电压波形的示意图，这两个波形是实际矩阵变换器双向开关输出的PWM波形，波形标准、对称，只有四步换流正常工作才能输出这种波形，因此，进一步说明了四步换流模块能够正确应用于矩阵变换器的实际操作。Practice has proved that in actual control, it can achieve unexpected good results. The overcurrent detection signal and output current direction detection signal are input into the four-step commutation module, and the correct drive signal can be output stably. When there is an overcurrent, it can Block the output driving signal in time, so that the matrix converter stops working and is protected; when there is no overcurrent, the four-step commutation module can commutate normally, output the correct driving signal, and drive the IGBT correctly to make the matrix converter continue to work stably and normally; As shown in Figure 3, the experimental waveform of the four-step commutation module is the waveform obtained from the input of the switch signal when the overcurrent detection circuit does not detect the overcurrent phenomenon and the output circuit direction detection circuit detects that the circuit direction is positive. phase is switched to phase b, the output of the commutation module shows that the reverse switch of phase a is turned off first, then the forward switch of phase b is turned off, the forward switch of direction a is turned off, and the reverse switch of direction b is finally turned on, which happens to be The four steps are completed, and it can work normally; Figure 4 and Figure 5 are the schematic diagrams of the matrix converter output line voltage waveform and the matrix converter output phase voltage waveform, these two waveforms are the PWM waveforms of the actual matrix converter bidirectional switch output, The waveform is standard and symmetrical, and this waveform can only be output when the four-step commutation works normally. Therefore, it further shows that the four-step commutation module can be correctly applied to the actual operation of the matrix converter.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.
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