CN104155643A - High-precision synchronous mixed heterodyne-mode phase laser range finding device and method - Google Patents
High-precision synchronous mixed heterodyne-mode phase laser range finding device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104155643A CN104155643A CN201410263609.8A CN201410263609A CN104155643A CN 104155643 A CN104155643 A CN 104155643A CN 201410263609 A CN201410263609 A CN 201410263609A CN 104155643 A CN104155643 A CN 104155643A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S11/00—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation
- G01S11/12—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
Abstract
A high-precision synchronous mixed heterodyne-mode phase laser range finding device and method belongs to the phase laser range finding technology. The range finding device comprises a measurement ruler generation unit, a laser frequency shift unit, a beam expanding collimating mirror set, and a measurement light path and circuit unit. The range finding method comprises a step 1 of starting a frequency reference laser and a double longitudinal mode frequency stabilization He-Ne laser, a step 2 of taking one beam as a reference laser beam, and another beam as a measurement beam, a step 3 of taking a formula defined in the specification as an accurate measurement ruler, a step 4 of taking a formula defined in the specification as a rough measurement ruler, and a step 5 of moving a measurement cube-corner prism to a target end for obtaining phase differences of the accurate measurement ruler and the rough measurement ruler Phi 1 and Phi 2 respectively and obtaining a to-be-tested distance value through a formula. The invention solves a problem that a device and method for achieving synchronism of multiple measurement rulers and traceability is not available in the phase laser range finding technology, and the device and method provided by the invention is characterized by being high in range finding precision and measurement efficiency, and good in stability and real-time performance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to laser measuring technique, relate generally to a kind of phase laser distance apparatus and method.
Background technology
Large-scale metrology receives much concern in the large-scale optical, mechanical and electronic integration equipment processing and manufacturings such as the machine-building of development large-scale precision, great scientific and technological engineering, aerospace industry, shipping industry and microelectronics equipment industry, wherein several meters of large-scale metrologies to hundreds of rice scope are large parts processing and the whole important foundations of assembling in aerospace vehicle and jumbo ship, the quality of its measuring method and equipment performance directly affects workpiece quality and assembly precision, and then running quality, performance and the life-span of a whole set of equipment of impact.The chi phase ranging methods of surveying utilize one group of survey chi wavelength from big to small to the measurement of refining step by step of tested distance more, solve conflicting between measurement range and measuring accuracy, can in hundreds of meters of overlength operating distances, reach submillimeter to micron-sized static measurement precision.
, survey in chi phase laser distance technology more, although the mode that many survey chis are measured has step by step been taken into account the demand of measurement range and measuring accuracy, but the restriction due to light source technology, bigness scale chi and accurate measurement chi can not produce the line phase of going forward side by side simultaneously and measure, caused Measuring Time long, the problem that measurement result real-time is poor, on the other hand due to take in surveying chi phase laser distance technology survey chi wavelength size and measure as benchmark, the stability of surveying chi wavelength directly affects the precision of laser ranging, therefore how to obtain bigness scale chi and the accurate measurement chi wavelength of high stability, and make it to participate in measuring is to improve at present the subject matter of surveying chi phase laser distance precision and real-time more simultaneously.
The stability of surveying chi is relevant with light source technology with synchronous generating technique, and known by the analysis of the LASER Light Source technology to phase laser distance method, the modulation means of phase method has directly modulation of electric current, optical modulation and intermode beat frequency modulation system etc. both at home and abroad at present.
Direct current modulation method is utilized semiconductor laser, and light intensity curent change and the feature that changes comes the output intensity of noise spectra of semiconductor lasers to modulate has the advantages such as the modulation of being simple and easy to.Document [Siyuan Liu, Jiubin Tan and Binke Hou. Multicycle Synchronous Digital Phase Measurement Used to Further Improve Phase-Shift Laser Range Finding.
meas. Sci. Technol.2007, 18:1756 – 1762] and patent [the large range high precision fast laser ranging apparatus and method of multiple frequency synchronous modulation, publication number: CN1825138] all set forth a kind of current modulating method of based semiconductor laser instrument, it adopts the synthetic composite signal of multiple frequency synchronous to carry out synchronous modulation to laser output power, realized at synchronization and obtained in multifrequency modulation range finding each modulation frequency for the measurement result of tested distance, but in order to obtain linear modulation, make the straight line portion of working point in output characteristic curve, must when adding modulation signal electric current, add a suitable bias current makes its output signal undistorted, the introducing of direct current biasing has strengthened power consumption, when working long hours, temperature raises, can affect the stability of Output optical power, cause modulation waveform distortion, and the increase along with modulating frequency, depth of modulation can reduce, cause modulation waveform distortion, can not carry out high frequency modulated, size and the degree of stability of accurate measurement chi wavelength have been limited, in the actual application of large-scale metrology, laser easily causes the loss of laser power in long Distance Transmission process on the other hand, cause the impact on modulation waveform, and then accuracy and the degree of stability of impact survey chi, its frequency stability of surveying chi is generally less than 10
-7.
Utilize light modulating method to be mainly acoustooptic modulation method and electro-optic modulation method, its modulation band-width is subject to the multifactorial impact of laser beam diameter etc., also can bring waveform distortion, particularly just even more serious when high frequency (Gigahertz), therefore it forms large survey chi, and measuring accuracy is difficult to improve owing to being subject to the restriction of maximum modulation frequency.
Utilize laser instrument different mode to export formed beat signal as the method for surveying chi, be called intermode modulation.The chamber long correlation of the modulation band-width of the method and laser instrument, He-Ne laser frequency stabilization technology is ripe, its frequency stability is high, the degree of stability of the survey chi being obtained by it is high, patent [high precision multiple frequency synchronous phase laser distance apparatus and method, publication number: CN 102419166] and patent [the multiple frequency synchronous phase laser distance apparatus and method based on dual-acousto-optic shift, publication number: CN 102305591A] all utilized the intermode modulation of He-Ne laser instrument and in conjunction with acousto-optic frequency translation technology, high-precision accurate measurement chi and bigness scale chi have been obtained, but the survey chi that the method produces does not possess tractability, when it is measured, absolute measuring chi length needs another detection system to provide, increased the complicacy of measuring, on the other hand, this method of utilizing process of heterodyning to obtain accurate measurement chi phase place, the frequency of its processing signals is higher, can follow-up phase measurement difficulty and measuring accuracy be affected, and supposes that phase-measurement accuracy is 0.05
o, range measurement accuracy will reach 1um-10um, and signal frequency is at least 2GHz-20GHz, far exceeds the bandwidth of signal processing circuit.
Patent [superheterodyne device and method of reseptance and receiving trap SIC (semiconductor integrated circuit), publication number: CN102484492A] all introduced a kind of superhet interference signal treatment technology, Zhang Cunman [the Zhang Cunman etc. of Tsing-Hua University, superhet is interfered absolute distance measurement Review Study, optical technology 1998, (1): 7-9.] introduced superhet absolute distance measurement method, the method has reduced the processing frequency of signal, more easily reaches higher measuring accuracy.But this technology is on the one hand, can only obtain one and survey chi, and not possess tractability, can not carry out the chis of surveying more and measure, let alone survey the synchronism of chi more; To obtain surveying chi wavelength less for superhet on the other hand, generally in micron dimension, and can only be for the measurement of the micro-shape in surface.
In order to improve the stability of laser instrument output frequency, occurred usining that the Output of laser frequency of iodine saturated absorption frequency stabilization laser instrument, as the frequency-stabilizing method of frequency stabilization benchmark, utilizes the saturated absorption spectra of iodine to carry out rrequency-offset-lock control to He-Ne laser instrument and semiconductor laser.China is also studied, such as patent ZL200910072518.5 and patent ZL200910072519.X etc., a kind of rrequency-offset-lock device that utilizes iodine saturated absorption He-Ne frequency stabilized laser has all been described, make the laser output frequency after rrequency-offset-lock there is very high frequency stability, have advantages of that output frequency can trace to the source, but the output frequency of laser reaches 10
14hz, corresponding survey chi is between 400-700nm, and measurement range, in nm rank, can not be found range for long distance laser, needs badly a kind ofly high frequency stability laser frequency is converted to the laser ranging on a large scale that can trace to the source surveys chi, and synchronizes them the technology of generation.
In sum, in phase laser distance technology, lack a kind of can taking into account at present and survey the synchronisms of chi and the apparatus and method of tractability more.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is in existing phase laser distance technology, to lack a kind of problems that can take into account many survey synchronisms of chi and the apparatus and method of traceability in order to solve, a kind of high-precise synchronization mixing heterodyne phase laser ranging system and method are provided, reach the object of increase range finding dirigibility, simplification range finding step, raising measurement efficiency and precision and degree of stability, real-time.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
A kind of high-precise synchronization is mixed heterodyne phase laser ranging system, by surveying chi generation unit, laser shift frequency unit, beam-expanding collimation mirror group and optical path and circuit unit, form, the Laser output that survey chi generation unit sends is to the input end of laser shift frequency unit, output Yi road, laser shift frequency unit laser outputs to an input end of optical path and circuit unit by beam-expanding collimation mirror group, another road laser of laser shift frequency unit output is directly inputted to another input end of optical path and circuit unit;
The structure of described survey chi generation unit is: the laser beam of frequency reference laser instrument transmitting arrives the input end of optical splitter, first output terminal of optical splitter connects a spectroscopical input end, a spectroscopical output terminal connects the input end of a photodetector, second output terminal of optical splitter connects No. two spectroscopical input ends, No. two spectroscopical output terminals connect the input end of No. two photodetectors, the 3rd output terminal of optical splitter connects No. three spectroscopical input ends, No. three spectroscopical output terminals connect the input end of No. three photodetectors, a photodetector, No. two photodetectors and the output terminal of No. three photodetectors are connected respectively the input end of single-chip microcomputer, three output terminals of single-chip microcomputer are long three input ends adjusting actuator of connection chamber respectively, long three output terminals adjusting actuator in chamber connect respectively two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instrument No. one, the input end of No. two two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments and No. three two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments, an output terminal of two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments connects a spectroscopical input end, another output terminal of two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments connects the input end of No. two catoptrons, the output terminal of No. two catoptrons connects the input end of a polaroid, an output terminal of described No. two two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments connects No. two spectroscopical input ends, another output terminal of No. two two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments connects the input end of No. three catoptrons, the output terminal of No. three catoptrons connects the input end of No. two polaroids, the output terminal of No. two polaroids connects No. four spectroscopical input ends, an output terminal of described No. three two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments connects No. three spectroscopical input ends, another output terminal of No. three two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments connects the input end of No. three polaroids, the output terminal of No. three polaroids connects No. four spectroscopical another input ends,
The structure of described laser shift frequency unit is: an output terminal surveying chi generation unit connects the input end of No. nine catoptrons, the output terminal of No. nine catoptrons connects No. five spectroscopical input ends, No. five spectroscopical output terminal connects No. six spectroscopical input ends, another output terminal of surveying chi generation unit connects the input end of a polarization spectroscope, an output terminal of a polarization spectroscope connects the input end of a half-wave plate, the output terminal of a half-wave plate connects the input end of No. two polarization spectroscopes, an output terminal of No. two polarization spectroscopes connects an input end of No. three polarization spectroscopes, another output terminal of No. two polarization spectroscopes connects the input end of No. four catoptrons, the output terminal of No. four catoptrons connects an input end of a laser frequency shifter, the output terminal of a DDS signal source connects another input end of a laser frequency shifter, the output terminal of a laser frequency shifter connects the input end of No. five catoptrons, the output terminal of No. five catoptrons connects another input end of No. three polarization spectroscopes, the output terminal of No. three polarization spectroscopes connects No. five spectroscopical another input ends, No. five spectroscopical output terminal connects No. six spectroscopical input ends, another output terminal of a polarization spectroscope connects the input end of No. six catoptrons, the output terminal of No. six catoptrons is through the input end of No. four polarization spectroscopes of No. two half-wave plate connections, an output terminal of No. four polarization spectroscopes connects an input end of No. five polarization spectroscopes, another output terminal of No. four polarization spectroscopes connects the input end of No. seven catoptrons, the output terminal of No. seven catoptrons connects an input end of No. two laser frequency shifters, the output terminal of No. two DDS signal sources connects another input end of No. two laser frequency shifters, the output terminal of No. two laser frequency shifters connects the input end of No. eight catoptrons, the output terminal of No. eight catoptrons connects another input end of No. five polarization spectroscopes, the output terminal of No. five polarization spectroscopes connects No. six spectroscopical another input ends,
The structure of described optical path and circuit unit is: an output terminal of laser shift frequency unit connects the input end of No. ten catoptrons, the output terminal of No. ten catoptrons connects No. seven spectroscopical input ends, No. seven a spectroscopical output terminal is communicated with the input end of No. four photodetectors by No. four polaroids, the output terminal of No. four photodetectors connects the input end of a low-pass filter, the output terminal of a low-pass filter connects an input end of a frequency mixer, an output terminal of No. three DDS signal sources connects another input end of a frequency mixer, the output terminal of a frequency mixer connects an input end of a phase detector, No. seven spectroscopical another output terminal is communicated with the input end of No. five photodetectors by No. five polaroids, the output terminal of No. five photodetectors connects the input end of No. two low-pass filters, the output terminal of No. two low-pass filters connects an input end of No. two phase detectors, the output terminal of beam-expanding collimation mirror group connects an input end of No. six polarization spectroscopes, an output terminal of No. six polarization spectroscopes is communicated with the input end of ride on Bus No. 11 catoptron by a quarter-wave plate, the output terminal of ride on Bus No. 11 catoptron is communicated with an input end of No. six polarization spectroscopes by a quarter-wave plate, another output terminal of No. six polarization spectroscopes is communicated with the input end of ten No. two catoptrons by No. two quarter-wave plates, the output terminal of ten No. two catoptrons is communicated with another input end of No. six polarization spectroscopes by No. two quarter-wave plates, another output terminal of No. six polarization spectroscopes connects No. eight spectroscopical input ends, No. eight a spectroscopical output terminal is communicated with the input end of No. six photodetectors by No. six polaroids, the output terminal of No. six photodetectors connects the input end of No. three low-pass filters, the output terminal of No. three low-pass filters connects an input end of No. three frequency mixer, another output terminal of No. three DDS signal sources connects another input end of No. three frequency mixer, the output terminal of No. three frequency mixer connects another input end of a phase detector, No. eight spectroscopical another output terminal is communicated with the input end of No. seven photodetectors by No. seven polaroids, the output terminal of No. seven photodetectors connects the input end of No. four low-pass filters, the output terminal of No. four low-pass filters connects another input end of No. two phase detectors.
High-precise synchronization is mixed a heterodyne phase laser distance measurement method, and its concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1, open frequency benchmark laser, two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments, No. two two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments and No. three two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments, after preheating and frequency stabilization, pass through FEEDBACK CONTROL, within two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments, No. two two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments and No. three two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instrument output frequencies are locked in to the certain frequency scope of frequency reference laser instrument, from two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instrument, send after polaroid only surplus frequency and be
v 1laser, from No. two two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments, send after polaroid only surplus frequency and be
v 2laser, and by spectroscope with from No. three two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments, send frequency remaining after polaroid and be
v 3laser converge;
Step 2, by the formed two bundle laser of step 1, enter laser shift frequency unit, wherein a branch of double-frequency laser separates frequency with a polarization spectroscope and is
v 2with
v 3two bundle laser, separate two bundle double-frequency lasers with No. two polarization spectroscopes and No. four polarization spectroscopes respectively again through after half-wave plate, and wherein a road is through laser frequency shifter, and by DDS signal source driving laser frequency shifter, frequency is respectively
f 1with
f 2, the laser of last various frequencies gathers, and wherein has five kinds of frequencies, is respectively
v 1,
v 2,
v 3,
v 2+
f 1with
v 3+
f 2, this Shu Jiguang incides Amici prism and is divided into two-beam, and a branch of conduct is with reference to laser beam, and another Shu Zuowei measures laser beam and shines measurement target;
Step 3, reference laser beam are divided into two bundle laser through Amici prism, beam of laser through polarization direction with
v 1 after No. four identical polaroids, frequency is
v 1,
v 2with
v 3the polarization laser of horizontal direction enter into No. four photodetectors and change, obtain the electric signal that comprises bigness scale chi signal phase information, its frequency is
v 1-
v 2, another beam of laser through polarization direction with
v 1after becoming No. five polaroids of 45 degree, incide photodetector No. five, the electric signal of No. five photodetector outputs through low-pass filter filtering high frequency electrical signal, retain low frequency electric signal, obtain the electric signal that comprises accurate measurement chi signal phase information, its frequency is
f 1-
f 2;
When step 4, measurement start, reference surface ride on Bus No. 11 catoptron maintains static, mobile ten No. two catoptrons are to destination end, measuring distance is L, measuring beam is after measuring catoptron reflection, and the light beam reflecting with reference surface converges at No. six polarization spectroscope places, enters metering circuit, measure laser beam and be divided into two bundle laser beam through Amici prism, beam of laser bundle through polarization direction with
v 1after No. six identical polaroids, frequency is
v 1,
v 2with
v 3the polarization laser of horizontal direction enter into No. six photodetectors and change, the frequency of its output electrical signals is
v 1 -
v 2 ,corresponding survey chi length is
, another beam of laser through polarization direction with
v 1after becoming No. seven polaroids of 45 degree, incide photodetector No. seven, the electric signal of No. five photodetector outputs through low-pass filter filtering high frequency electrical signal, retain low frequency electric signal, obtain the electric signal that comprises accurate measurement chi signal phase information, its frequency is
f 1-
f 2, corresponding accurate measurement chi is
;
Step 5, by a phase detector and No. two phase detectors, obtain respectively frequency and be
v 1-
v 2with
f 1-
f 2the phase differential of two path signal
Φ 1with
Φ 2, according to formula
try to achieve the distance measure of bigness scale chi
l c , and its substitution formula is tried to achieve to the phase place round values of accurate measurement chi
; Wherein
floor(
x) function returns
xthe integral part of value, finally according to formula, try to achieve tested distance value:
, in formula: c is the light velocity, the air refraction that n is environment.
Feature of the present invention and beneficial effect are:
First, the present invention proposes a kind of many surveys chi production method and device of tracing to the source, these apparatus and method utilize frequency reference type frequency reference laser instrument to carry out frequency stabilization and FEEDBACK CONTROL to three He-Ne laser instruments, make Output of laser frequency and formed laser ranging survey chi wavelength and can directly be traceable to frequency/wavelength benchmark, and can adjust according to actual needs lock point, and then regulate surveying chi wavelength, increased the dirigibility of range finding, overcome and in existing distance measuring equipment, surveyed the shortcoming that chi is not directly traced to the source, simplify general distance measuring equipment and when absolute measuring is long, surveyed the step that chi wavelength needs another detection system to provide, improved measurement efficiency and precision, this is that the present invention distinguishes one of innovative point of existing apparatus.
The second, the present invention proposes a kind of many surveys chi phase-locking acquisition methods and device of being combined with superhet based on heterodyne.These apparatus and method utilize laser frequency shifter to carry out shift frequency to the laser of component frequency, produce the laser of multi-frequency, and utilize heterodyne approach and superhet method to obtain respectively bigness scale chi and accurate measurement chi simultaneously, and then make it to participate in to measure simultaneously, realized the synchro measure of thick accurate measurement chi phase place, shorten Measuring Time, improved the real-time of measurement result.The laser interferometry combining with superhet by heterodyne obtains test phase signal, eliminate common mode interference, improved the degree of stability of surveying chi, reduced the frequency of phase measuring circuit reception signal simultaneously, reduce the difficulty of circuit design, this is two of the present invention's innovative point of distinguishing existing apparatus.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the general structure schematic diagram of laser ranging system of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is for surveying the structural representation of chi generation unit;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of laser shift frequency unit;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of optical path and circuit unit.
Piece number explanation in figure: 1, survey chi generation unit, 2, laser shift frequency unit, 3, beam-expanding collimation mirror group, 4, optical path and circuit unit, 5, frequency reference laser instrument, 6, optical splitter, 7, a spectroscope, 8, No. two spectroscopes, 9, No. three spectroscopes, 10, a photodetector, 11, No. two photodetectors, 12, No. three photodetectors, 13, the long actuator of adjusting in chamber, 14, single-chip microcomputer, 15, a two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instrument, 16, No. two two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments, 17, No. three two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments, 18, No. two catoptrons, 19, No. three catoptrons, 20, No. four spectroscopes, 21, a polaroid, 22, No. two polaroids, 23, No. three polaroids, 24, a polarization spectroscope, 25, a half-wave plate, 26, No. two polarization spectroscopes, 27, No. four catoptrons, 28, a DDS signal source, 29, a laser frequency shifter, 30, No. five catoptrons, 31, No. three polarization spectroscopes, 32, No. five spectroscopes, 33, No. six catoptrons, 34, No. two half-wave plates, 35, No. four polarization spectroscopes, 36, No. seven catoptrons, 37, No. two DDS signal sources, 38, No. two laser frequency shifters, 39, No. eight catoptrons, 40, No. five polarization spectroscopes, 41, No. nine catoptrons, 42, No. six spectroscopes, 43, No. ten catoptrons, 44, No. seven spectroscopes, 45, No. four polaroids, 46, No. four photodetectors, 47, a low-pass filter, 48, a frequency mixer, 49, No. three DDS signal sources, 50, a phase detector, 51, No. five polaroids, 52, No. five photodetectors, 53, No. two low-pass filters, 54, No. two phase detectors, 55, No. six polarization spectroscopes, 56, a quarter-wave plate, 57, ride on Bus No. 11 catoptron, 58, No. two quarter-wave plates, 59, ten No. two catoptrons, 60, No. eight spectroscopes, 61, No. six polaroids, 62, No. six photodetectors, 63, No. three low-pass filters, 64, No. three frequency mixer, 65, No. seven polaroids, 66, No. seven photodetectors, 67 No. four low-pass filters.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, experimental program of the present invention is elaborated.
A kind of high-precise synchronization is mixed heterodyne phase laser ranging system, comprise beam-expanding collimation mirror group 3, described device is by surveying chi generation unit 1, laser shift frequency unit 2, beam-expanding collimation mirror group 3 and optical path and circuit unit 4 form, the Laser output that survey chi generation unit 1 sends is to the input end of laser shift frequency unit 2, laser shift frequency unit 2 output Yi road laser output to an input end of optical path and circuit unit 4 by beam-expanding collimation mirror group 3, another road laser of laser shift frequency unit 2 outputs is directly inputted to another input end of optical path and circuit unit 4,
The structure of described survey chi generation unit 1 is: the laser beam of frequency reference laser instrument 5 transmittings arrives the input end of optical splitter 6, first output terminal of optical splitter 6 connects an input end of a spectroscope 7, an output terminal of a spectroscope 7 connects the input end of a photodetector 10, second output terminal of optical splitter 6 connects an input end of No. two spectroscopes 8, an output terminal of No. two spectroscopes 8 connects the input end of No. two photodetectors 11, the 3rd output terminal of optical splitter 6 connects an input end of No. three spectroscopes 9, the output terminal of No. three spectroscopes 9 connects the input end of No. three photodetectors 12, a photodetector 10, No. two photodetectors 11 and the output terminal of No. three photodetectors 12 are connected respectively the input end of single-chip microcomputer 14, three output terminals of single-chip microcomputer 14 are long three input ends adjusting actuator 13 of connection chamber respectively, long three output terminals adjusting actuator 13 in chamber connect respectively two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instrument 15 No. one, the input end of No. two two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments 16 and No. three two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments 17, an output terminal of two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments 15 connects an input end of a spectroscope 7, another output terminal of two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments 15 connects the input end of No. two catoptrons 18, the output terminal of No. two catoptrons 18 connects the input end of a polaroid 21, an output terminal of described No. two two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments 16 connects an input end of No. two spectroscopes 8, another output terminal of No. two two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments 16 connects the input end of No. three catoptrons 19, the output terminal of No. three catoptrons 19 connects the input end of No. two polaroids 22, the output terminal of No. two polaroids 22 connects an input end of No. four spectroscopes 20, an output terminal of described No. three two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments 17 connects an input end of No. three spectroscopes 9, another output terminal of No. three two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments 17 connects the input end of No. three polaroids 23, the output terminal of No. three polaroids 23 connects another input end of No. four spectroscopes 20,
The structure of described laser shift frequency unit 2 is: an output terminal surveying chi generation unit 1 connects the input end of No. nine catoptrons 41, the output terminal of No. nine catoptrons 41 connects an input end of No. five spectroscopes 32, the output terminal of No. five spectroscopes 32 connects an input end of No. six spectroscopes 42, another output terminal of surveying chi generation unit 1 connects the input end of a polarization spectroscope 24, an output terminal of a polarization spectroscope 24 connects the input end of a half-wave plate 25, the output terminal of a half-wave plate 25 connects the input end of No. two polarization spectroscopes 26, an output terminal of No. two polarization spectroscopes 26 connects an input end of No. three polarization spectroscopes 31, another output terminal of No. two polarization spectroscopes 26 connects the input end of No. four catoptrons 27, the output terminal of No. four catoptrons 27 connects an input end of a laser frequency shifter 29, the output terminal of a DDS signal source 28 connects another input end of a laser frequency shifter 29, the output terminal of a laser frequency shifter 29 connects the input end of No. five catoptrons 30, the output terminal of No. five catoptrons 30 connects another input end of No. three polarization spectroscopes 31, the output terminal of No. three polarization spectroscopes 31 connects another input end of No. five spectroscopes 32, the output terminal of No. five spectroscopes 32 connects an input end of No. six spectroscopes 42, another output terminal of a polarization spectroscope 24 connects the input end of No. six catoptrons 33, the output terminal of No. six catoptrons 33 is through the input end of No. four polarization spectroscopes 35 of No. two half-wave plate 34 connections, an output terminal of No. four polarization spectroscopes 35 connects an input end of No. five polarization spectroscopes 40, another output terminal of No. four polarization spectroscopes 35 connects the input end of No. seven catoptrons 36, the output terminal of No. seven catoptrons 36 connects an input end of No. two laser frequency shifters 38, the output terminal of No. two DDS signal sources 37 connects another input end of No. two laser frequency shifters 38, the output terminal of No. two laser frequency shifters 38 connects the input end of No. eight catoptrons 39, the output terminal of No. eight catoptrons 39 connects another input end of No. five polarization spectroscopes 40, the output terminal of No. five polarization spectroscopes 40 connects another input end of No. six spectroscopes 42,
The structure of described optical path and circuit unit 4 is: an output terminal of laser shift frequency unit 2 connects the input end of No. ten catoptrons 43, the output terminal of No. ten catoptrons 43 connects the input end of No. seven spectroscopes 44, an output terminal of No. seven spectroscopes 44 is communicated with the input end of No. four photodetectors 46 by No. four polaroids 45, the output terminal of No. four photodetectors 46 connects the input end of a low-pass filter 47, the output terminal of a low-pass filter 47 connects an input end of a frequency mixer 48, an output terminal of No. three DDS signal sources 49 connects another input end of a frequency mixer 48, the output terminal of a frequency mixer 48 connects an input end of a phase detector 50, another output terminal of No. seven spectroscopes 44 is communicated with the input end of No. five photodetectors 52 by No. five polaroids 51, the output terminal of No. five photodetectors 52 connects the input end of No. two low-pass filters 53, the output terminal of No. two low-pass filters 53 connects an input end of No. two phase detectors 54, the output terminal of beam-expanding collimation mirror group 3 connects an input end of No. six polarization spectroscopes 55, an output terminal of No. six polarization spectroscopes 55 is communicated with the input end of ride on Bus No. 11 catoptron 57 by a quarter-wave plate 56, the output terminal of ride on Bus No. 11 catoptron 57 is communicated with an input end of No. six polarization spectroscopes 55 by a quarter-wave plate 56, another output terminal of No. six polarization spectroscopes 55 is communicated with the input end of ten No. two catoptrons 59 by No. two quarter-wave plates 58, the output terminal of ten No. two catoptrons 59 is communicated with another input end of No. six polarization spectroscopes 55 by No. two quarter-wave plates 58, another output terminal of No. six polarization spectroscopes 55 connects an input end of No. eight spectroscopes 60, an output terminal of No. eight spectroscopes 60 is communicated with the input end of No. six photodetectors 62 by No. six polaroids 61, the output terminal of No. six photodetectors 62 connects the input end of No. three low-pass filters 63, the output terminal of No. three low-pass filters 63 connects an input end of No. three frequency mixer 64, another output terminal of No. three DDS signal sources 49 connects another input end of No. three frequency mixer 64, the output terminal of No. three frequency mixer 64 connects another input end of a phase detector 50, another output terminal of No. eight spectroscopes 60 is communicated with the input end of No. seven photodetectors 66 by No. seven polaroids 65, the output terminal of No. seven photodetectors 66 connects the input end of No. four low-pass filters 67, the output terminal of No. four low-pass filters 67 connects another input end of No. two phase detectors 54.
One, No. two laser frequency shifter 29,37 of described laser shift frequency unit 2 comprises acousto-optic frequency shifters, electro-optic frequency translation device, and laser frequency can regulate.
Described survey chi generation unit 1 medium frequency benchmark laser 5 comprises iodine stabilized laser, femtosecond laser frequency comb laser instrument, and frequency stability is better than 10
-12.
High-precise synchronization is mixed a heterodyne phase laser distance measurement method, and its concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1, open frequency benchmark laser 5, pair of longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments 15, No. two pairs of longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments 16 and No. three two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments 17, after preheating and frequency stabilization, pass through FEEDBACK CONTROL, within two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instrument 15, No. two two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments 16 and No. three two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instrument 17 output frequencies are locked in to the certain frequency scope of frequency reference laser instrument 5, from two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instrument 15, send after polaroid only surplus frequency and be
v 1laser, from No. two two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments 16, send after polaroid only surplus frequency and be
v 2laser, and by spectroscope with from No. three two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments 17, send frequency remaining after polaroid and be
v 3laser converge;
Step 2, by the formed two bundle laser of step 1, enter laser shift frequency unit 2, wherein a branch of double-frequency laser separates frequency with a polarization spectroscope 24 and is
v 2with
v 3two bundle laser, separate two bundle double-frequency lasers with No. two polarization spectroscopes 26 and No. four polarization spectroscopes 35 respectively again through after half-wave plate, and wherein a road is through laser frequency shifter, and by DDS signal source driving laser frequency shifter, frequency is respectively
f 1with
f 2, the laser of last various frequencies gathers, and wherein has five kinds of frequencies, is respectively
v 1,
v 2,
v 3,
v 2+
f 1with
v 3+
f 2, this Shu Jiguang incides Amici prism and is divided into two-beam, and a branch of conduct is with reference to laser beam, and another Shu Zuowei measures laser beam and shines measurement target;
Step 3, reference laser beam are divided into two bundle laser through Amici prism, beam of laser through polarization direction with
v 1 after No. four identical polaroids 45, frequency is
v 1,
v 2with
v 3the polarization laser of horizontal direction enter into No. four photodetectors 46 and change, obtain the electric signal that comprises bigness scale chi signal phase information, its frequency is
v 1-
v 2, another beam of laser through polarization direction with
v 1after becoming 45 No. five polaroids 51 of spending, incide photodetector 52 No. five, the electric signal of No. five photodetectors 52 outputs through low-pass filter filtering high frequency electrical signal, retain low frequency electric signal, obtain the electric signal that comprises accurate measurement chi signal phase information, its frequency is
f 1-
f 2;
When step 4, measurement start, reference surface ride on Bus No. 11 catoptron 57 maintains static, mobile ten No. two catoptrons 59 are to destination end, measuring distance is L, measuring beam is after measuring catoptron 59 reflections, and the light beam reflecting with reference surface converges at No. six polarization spectroscope 55 places, enters metering circuit, measure laser beam and be divided into two bundle laser beam through Amici prism, beam of laser bundle through polarization direction with
v 1after No. six identical polaroids 61, frequency is
v 1,
v 2with
v 3the polarization laser of horizontal direction enter into No. six photodetectors 62 and change, the frequency of its output electrical signals is
v 1 -
v 2 ,corresponding survey chi length is
, another beam of laser through polarization direction with
v 1after becoming 45 No. seven polaroids 65 of spending, incide photodetector 66 No. seven, the electric signal of No. five photodetectors 60 outputs through low-pass filter filtering high frequency electrical signal, retain low frequency electric signal, obtain the electric signal that comprises accurate measurement chi signal phase information, its frequency is
f 1-
f 2, corresponding accurate measurement chi is
;
Step 5, by a phase detector 50 and No. two phase detectors 54, obtain respectively frequency and be
v 1-
v 2with
f 1-
f 2the phase differential of two path signal
Φ 1with
Φ 2, according to formula
try to achieve the distance measure of bigness scale chi
l c , and its substitution formula is tried to achieve to the phase place round values of accurate measurement chi
; Wherein
floor(
x) function returns
xthe integral part of value, finally according to formula, try to achieve tested distance value:
, in formula: c is the light velocity, the air refraction that n is environment.
Described two path signal phase differential
Φ 1with phase differential
Φ 2measurement at synchronization, carry out, and survey chi used all can be traced to the source.
Claims (6)
1. a high-precise synchronization is mixed heterodyne phase laser ranging system, comprise beam-expanding collimation mirror group (3), it is characterized in that: described device is by surveying chi generation unit (1), laser shift frequency unit (2), beam-expanding collimation mirror group (3) and optical path and circuit unit (4) form, the Laser output that survey chi generation unit (1) sends is to the input end of laser shift frequency unit (2), output Yi road, laser shift frequency unit (2) laser outputs to an input end of optical path and circuit unit (4) by beam-expanding collimation mirror group (3), another road laser of laser shift frequency unit (2) output is directly inputted to another input end of optical path and circuit unit (4),
The structure of described survey chi generation unit (1) is: the laser beam of frequency reference laser instrument (5) transmitting arrives the input end of optical splitter (6), first output terminal of optical splitter (6) connects an input end of a spectroscope (7), an output terminal of a spectroscope (7) connects the input end of a photodetector (10), second output terminal of optical splitter (6) connects an input end of No. two spectroscopes (8), an output terminal of No. two spectroscopes (8) connects the input end of No. two photodetectors (11), the 3rd output terminal of optical splitter (6) connects an input end of No. three spectroscopes (9), the output terminal of No. three spectroscopes (9) connects the input end of No. three photodetectors (12), a photodetector (10), No. two photodetectors (11) and the output terminal of No. three photodetectors (12) are connected respectively the input end of single-chip microcomputer (14), three output terminals of single-chip microcomputer (14) are long three input ends adjusting actuator (13) of connection chamber respectively, long three output terminals adjusting actuator (13) in chamber connect respectively two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instrument (15) No. one, the input end of No. two two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments (16) and No. three two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments (17), an output terminal of two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments (15) connects an input end of a spectroscope (7), another output terminal of two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments (15) connects the input end of No. two catoptrons (18), the output terminal of No. two catoptrons (18) connects the input end of a polaroid (21), an output terminal of described No. two two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments (16) connects an input end of No. two spectroscopes (8), another output terminal of No. two two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments (16) connects the input end of No. three catoptrons (19), the output terminal of No. three catoptrons (19) connects the input end of No. two polaroids (22), the output terminal of No. two polaroids (22) connects an input end of No. four spectroscopes (20), an output terminal of described No. three two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments (17) connects an input end of No. three spectroscopes (9), another output terminal of No. three two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments (17) connects the input end of No. three polaroids (23), the output terminal of No. three polaroids (23) connects another input end of No. four spectroscopes (20),
The structure of described laser shift frequency unit (2) is: an output terminal surveying chi generation unit (1) connects the input end of No. nine catoptrons (41), the output terminal of No. nine catoptrons (41) connects an input end of No. five spectroscopes (32), the output terminal of No. five spectroscopes (32) connects an input end of No. six spectroscopes (42), another output terminal of surveying chi generation unit (1) connects the input end of a polarization spectroscope (24), an output terminal of a polarization spectroscope (24) connects the input end of a half-wave plate (25), the output terminal of a half-wave plate (25) connects the input end of No. two polarization spectroscopes (26), an output terminal of No. two polarization spectroscopes (26) connects an input end of No. three polarization spectroscopes (31), another output terminal of No. two polarization spectroscopes (26) connects the input end of No. four catoptrons (27), the output terminal of No. four catoptrons (27) connects an input end of a laser frequency shifter (29), the output terminal of a DDS signal source (28) connects another input end of a laser frequency shifter (29), the output terminal of a laser frequency shifter (29) connects the input end of No. five catoptrons (30), the output terminal of No. five catoptrons (30) connects another input end of No. three polarization spectroscopes (31), the output terminal of No. three polarization spectroscopes (31) connects another input end of No. five spectroscopes (32), the output terminal of No. five spectroscopes (32) connects an input end of No. six spectroscopes (42), another output terminal of a polarization spectroscope (24) connects the input end of No. six catoptrons (33), the output terminal of No. six catoptrons (33) connects the input end of No. four polarization spectroscopes (35) through No. two half-wave plates (34), an output terminal of No. four polarization spectroscopes (35) connects an input end of No. five polarization spectroscopes (40), another output terminal of No. four polarization spectroscopes (35) connects the input end of No. seven catoptrons (36), the output terminal of No. seven catoptrons (36) connects an input end of No. two laser frequency shifters (38), the output terminal of No. two DDS signal sources (37) connects another input end of No. two laser frequency shifters (38), the output terminal of No. two laser frequency shifters (38) connects the input end of No. eight catoptrons (39), the output terminal of No. eight catoptrons (39) connects another input end of No. five polarization spectroscopes (40), the output terminal of No. five polarization spectroscopes (40) connects another input end of No. six spectroscopes (42),
The structure of described optical path and circuit unit (4) is: an output terminal of laser shift frequency unit (2) connects the input end of No. ten catoptrons (43), the output terminal of No. ten catoptrons (43) connects the input end of No. seven spectroscopes (44), an output terminal of No. seven spectroscopes (44) is communicated with the input end of No. four photodetectors (46) by No. four polaroids (45), the output terminal of No. four photodetectors (46) connects the input end of a low-pass filter (47), the output terminal of a low-pass filter (47) connects an input end of a frequency mixer (48), an output terminal of No. three DDS signal sources (49) connects another input end of a frequency mixer (48), the output terminal of a frequency mixer (48) connects an input end of a phase detector (50), another output terminal of No. seven spectroscopes (44) is communicated with the input end of No. five photodetectors (52) by No. five polaroids (51), the output terminal of No. five photodetectors (52) connects the input end of No. two low-pass filters (53), the output terminal of No. two low-pass filters (53) connects an input end of No. two phase detectors (54), the output terminal of beam-expanding collimation mirror group (3) connects an input end of No. six polarization spectroscopes (55), an output terminal of No. six polarization spectroscopes (55) is communicated with the input end of ride on Bus No. 11 catoptron (57) by a quarter-wave plate (56), the output terminal of ride on Bus No. 11 catoptron (57) is communicated with an input end of No. six polarization spectroscopes (55) by a quarter-wave plate (56), another output terminal of No. six polarization spectroscopes (55) is communicated with the input end of ten No. two catoptrons (59) by No. two quarter-wave plates (58), the output terminal of ten No. two catoptrons (59) is communicated with another input end of No. six polarization spectroscopes (55) by No. two quarter-wave plates (58), another output terminal of No. six polarization spectroscopes (55) connects an input end of No. eight spectroscopes (60), an output terminal of No. eight spectroscopes (60) is communicated with the input end of No. six photodetectors (62) by No. six polaroids (61), the output terminal of No. six photodetectors (62) connects the input end of No. three low-pass filters (63), the output terminal of No. three low-pass filters (63) connects an input end of No. three frequency mixer (64), another output terminal of No. three DDS signal sources (49) connects another input end of No. three frequency mixer (64), the output terminal of No. three frequency mixer (64) connects another input end of a phase detector (50), another output terminal of No. eight spectroscopes (60) is communicated with the input end of No. seven photodetectors (66) by No. seven polaroids (65), the output terminal of No. seven photodetectors (66) connects the input end of No. four low-pass filters (67), the output terminal of No. four low-pass filters (67) connects another input end of No. two phase detectors (54).
2. high-precise synchronization is mixed heterodyne phase laser ranging system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: one, No. two laser frequency shifter (29,37) of described laser shift frequency unit (2) comprises acousto-optic frequency shifters, electro-optic frequency translation device, and laser frequency can regulate.
3. high-precise synchronization is mixed heterodyne phase laser ranging system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described survey chi generation unit (1) medium frequency benchmark laser (5) comprises iodine stabilized laser, femtosecond laser frequency comb laser instrument, and frequency stability is better than 10
-12.
4. high-precise synchronization as claimed in claim 1 is mixed a heterodyne phase laser distance measurement method, it is characterized in that: concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1, open frequency benchmark laser (5), two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments (15), No. two two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments (16) and No. three two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments (17), after preheating and frequency stabilization, pass through FEEDBACK CONTROL, within two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments (15), No. two two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments (16) and No. three two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instrument (17) output frequencies are locked in to the certain frequency scope of frequency reference laser instrument (5), from No. one pair of longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments (15), send after polaroid only surplus frequency and be
v 1laser, from No. two two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments (16), send after polaroid only surplus frequency and be
v 2laser, and by spectroscope with from No. three two longitudinal mode He-Ne laser instruments (17), send frequency remaining after polaroid and be
v 3laser converge;
Step 2, by the formed two bundle laser of step 1, enter laser shift frequency unit (2), wherein a branch of double-frequency laser separates frequency with a polarization spectroscope (24) and is
v 2with
v 3two bundle laser, use respectively No. two polarization spectroscopes (26) and No. four polarization spectroscopes (35) to separate two bundle double-frequency lasers through after half-wave plate again, and wherein a road is through laser frequency shifter, and by DDS signal source driving laser frequency shifter, frequency is respectively
f 1with
f 2, the laser of last various frequencies gathers, and wherein has five kinds of frequencies, is respectively
v 1,
v 2,
v 3,
v 2+
f 1with
v 3+
f 2, this Shu Jiguang incides Amici prism and is divided into two-beam, and a branch of conduct is with reference to laser beam, and another Shu Zuowei measures laser beam and shines measurement target;
Step 3, reference laser beam are divided into two bundle laser through Amici prism, beam of laser through polarization direction with
v 1 after identical No. four polaroids (45), frequency is
v 1,
v 2with
v 3the polarization laser of horizontal direction enter into No. four photodetectors (46) and change, obtain the electric signal that comprises bigness scale chi signal phase information, its frequency is
v 1-
v 2, another beam of laser through polarization direction with
v 1after becoming 45 No. five polaroids (51) of spending, incide No. five photodetectors (52), the electric signal of No. five photodetectors (52) output through low-pass filter filtering high frequency electrical signal, retain low frequency electric signal, obtain the electric signal that comprises accurate measurement chi signal phase information, its frequency is
f 1-
f 2;
When step 4, measurement start, reference surface ride on Bus No. 11 catoptron (57) maintains static, mobile ten No. two catoptrons (59) are to destination end, measuring distance is L, measuring beam, after measuring catoptron (59) reflection, is located to converge at No. six polarization spectroscopes (55) with the light beam that reference surface reflects, and enters metering circuit, measure laser beam and be divided into two bundle laser beam through Amici prism, beam of laser bundle through polarization direction with
v 1after identical No. six polaroids (61), frequency is
v 1,
v 2with
v 3the polarization laser of horizontal direction enter into No. six photodetectors (62) and change, the frequency of its output electrical signals is
v 1-
v 2 ,corresponding survey chi length is
, another beam of laser through polarization direction with
v 1after becoming 45 No. seven polaroids (65) of spending, incide No. seven photodetectors (66), the electric signal of No. five photodetectors (60) output through low-pass filter filtering high frequency electrical signal, retain low frequency electric signal, obtain the electric signal that comprises accurate measurement chi signal phase information, its frequency is
f 1-
f 2, corresponding accurate measurement chi is
;
Step 5, by a phase detector (50) and No. two phase detectors (54), obtain respectively frequency and be
v 1-
v 2with
f 1-
f 2the phase differential of two path signal
Φ 1with
Φ 2, according to formula
try to achieve the distance measure of bigness scale chi
l c , and its substitution formula is tried to achieve to the phase place round values of accurate measurement chi
; Wherein
floor(
x) function returns
xthe integral part of value, finally according to formula, try to achieve tested distance value:
, in formula: c is the light velocity, the air refraction that n is environment.
5. high-precise synchronization according to claim 4 is mixed heterodyne phase laser distance measurement method, it is characterized in that: described two path signal phase differential
Φ 1with phase differential
Φ 2measurement at synchronization, carry out.
6. high-precise synchronization according to claim 4 is mixed heterodyne phase laser distance measurement method, it is characterized in that: survey chi used all can be traced to the source.
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