CN104155175A - Rock hollow cylinder torsion shear apparatus - Google Patents
Rock hollow cylinder torsion shear apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN104155175A CN104155175A CN201410343475.0A CN201410343475A CN104155175A CN 104155175 A CN104155175 A CN 104155175A CN 201410343475 A CN201410343475 A CN 201410343475A CN 104155175 A CN104155175 A CN 104155175A
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000003921 oils Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000004826 seaming Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007789 gases Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000034 methods Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 36
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004642 transportation engineering Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound 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Abstract
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to indoor rock mechanics experiment device, more specifically relate to the rock hollow cylinder torsional shear instrument that can realize complex stress path, belong to Geotechnical Engineering field.
Background technology
In engineering rock mass digging in-situ process, the stress state of rock mass inside is very complicated, shows as: principal axis of stress rotation in principle stress size variation, the constant situation of principle stress size, principal axis of stress direction rotation and principle stress size variation in the constant situation of principal axis of stress direction.From macroscopic perspective, consider, the change of above-mentioned stress state can cause rock mass to produce plastic yield, and elastic parameter and intensive parameter change; From microcosmic angle, consider, rock mass inside has microfissure to produce, connect and expansion.Therefore, carry out shop experiment and study intensity, the deformation and failure form of rock under complex stress effect, this is for understanding and to administer the engineering project disaster that rock excavation disturbance brings out significant.
At present, the rock indoor test unit that can simulate stress path mainly contains uniaxial compression instrument, mechanical property instrument, direct shear apparatus, true triaxial apparatus etc.Uniaxial compression instrument can be realized the fail in compression that rock loads at a principle stress action direction, can measure rock uniaxiality strength, can not realize other stress paths; Mechanical property instrument can be realized rock the fail in compression that loads bias voltage in confined pressure situation, can not realize the stress path of three principle stress action conditions that vary in size; Direct shear apparatus can be realized rock in the shear failure of given shear surface, but the outbound course of shearing force and destruction face are not at grade, can not reflect truly the shear failure of rock; True triaxial apparatus can be realized the fail in compression of rock under three principle stress effects that vary in size, but often has the problems such as pressurization rigid plate influences each other, end-face friction, and can not realize the stress path of principal axis of stress rotation.
According to the loading characteristic of hollow cylinder, the hollow cylinder torsional shear instrument that is applicable to soil sample has been developed in Geotechnical Engineering field.But soil is two kinds of different construction materials from rock, the existing hollow cylinder torsional shear instrument that acts on soil sample is not suitable for rock material, and main manifestations is: 1) soil sample cohesion is lower, and the cutting that available conventional instrument carries out arbitrary shape is reinvented.Therefore, the soil sample that manufacturing terminal mask has an annular distribution groove more for convenience, is easy to realize the moment of torsion transmission that loads end face.But the cohesion of rock is higher, cannot make and reinvent rock sample, it is comparatively difficult that processing end face has the rock sample of annular distribution groove.Therefore, need to adopt additive method to realize applying of rock sample moment of torsion.2) relative rock, the intensity of soil is minimum, and the exportable external force of hollow cylinder torsional shear instrument that is therefore applicable to soil sample is less, and conventional hydraulic pressure realizes the loading of confined pressure, and the confined pressure of rock sample loads the normal oil pressure that uses and realizes.On the other hand, the required stress level of the rock failure mechanism of rock is higher, and this has determined that the testing equipment that is applicable to rock test must have higher stress ability to bear.3) relatively native, the distortion of rock is minimum, needs to adopt deformation measuring device and the method for the hollow cylinder torsional shear instrument that is different from soil sample.4) there is interactional problem in existing axial loading and the moment of torsion loading structure that is applicable to the hollow cylinder torsional shear instrument of soil sample, such as axially loading the friction effect causing.But owing to putting on, the outer force level of soil sample is relatively little, and this influencing each other can be ignored for soil sample.When the destruction of rock must apply higher stress level, the loading of axial force can produce the friction force of larger obstruction twisting motion, this influence each other comparatively outstanding for rock.
In sum, existing rock indoor test unit cannot be realized the complicated stress paths such as principal axis of stress rotation, and test function is comparatively single; On the other hand, the hollow cylinder torsional shear instrument that is applicable to soil sample cannot be applied to rock test, and due to the difference of rock and native character, cannot transform to be applied to rock test.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to be to provide that automaticity is high, load output system is reliable, measuring system accurately, there is the rock hollow cylinder torsional shear instrument of complex loading path ability.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical measures:
This torsion shear apparatus is by base, sleeve, push-down head, seaming chuck, piston, the seat of honour, top cover, connecting link, torsion device forms, base is boss-shaped, center, base upper surface has cylinder shape groove, base inside has Five-channel, the 8th passage, the tenth passage, the two-port of each passage lays respectively at outer wall and the boss top of base, base center has the 9th passage, the two-port of the 9th passage lays respectively at the outer wall of boss bottom portion of groove and base, push-down head is positioned in base, between push-down head and base, be bolted, push-down head center has the 6th passage of perforation, the 6th passage and the 9th passage are on same center line, push-down head inside has the 7th passage, the two-port of the 7th passage lays respectively at top and the outer wall of push-down head, hollow cylinder sleeve is positioned on base, hollow cylinder sleeve bottom connects base by pin, hollow cylinder sleeve top is provided with the seat of honour, the seat of honour is connected with base by equally distributed connecting link, top, the seat of honour is provided with top cover, top cover is connected with the seat of honour by bolt, the inner cruciform oil pocket that forms of the seat of honour and top cover, piston is cruciform, piston is placed in cruciform oil pocket actively, stretch out from the top of top cover the upper end of piston, stretch out from the below at the seat of honour lower end of piston, the lower end of piston is provided with seaming chuck, the mutual interlock in the upper end of seaming chuck and the lower end of piston, seaming chuck inside has four-way, the two ends of four-way lay respectively at bottom and the outer wall of seaming chuck, four-way is connected with Five-channel by gas outlet, in the seat of honour, have parallel first passage and third channel, one port of first passage is positioned at the top of cruciform oil pocket, one port of third channel is positioned at the bottom of cruciform oil pocket, the another port of two passages is positioned at the outer wall at the seat of honour, in the seat of honour, also have second channel, the two-port of second channel lays respectively at outer wall and the bottom at the seat of honour, torsion device is by moment of torsion transmission rod, lifting jack, oscillating bearing, moment of torsion counter-force seat forms, one end of moment of torsion transmission rod is fixed on top land, the other end of moment of torsion transmission rod is connected with the piston head of lifting jack by oscillating bearing, the other end of lifting jack and moment of torsion counter-force seat one end are hinged, the other end of moment of torsion counter-force seat is fixed on top, the seat of honour by connecting link, first passage, third channel, the 8th passage, the 9th passage, lifting jack connects respectively hydraulic servo pump, base and sleeve, base and push-down head, the seat of honour and sleeve, the seat of honour and top cover, the seat of honour and piston, top cover and piston surface of contact are respectively equipped with O-ring seal.
The upper and lower surface horizontal parallel of described base, push-down head, seaming chuck and piston.
Described moment of torsion transmission rod and lifting jack are parallel to each other, and perpendicular to piston.
The lower end of described seaming chuck is boss-shaped, and the upper end of push-down head is boss-shaped, and two boss are with footpath and on same center line.
Owing to having adopted above technical scheme, this rock hollow cylinder torsional shear instrument has following advantage:
1 test unit can be independently or is mixedly loaded axial force, interior confined pressure, outer confined pressure and moment of torsion, to the stress state of any in the middle part of hollow cylinder, analyze known, the applying of axial force, interior confined pressure and outer confined pressure be equivalent to cell cube apply axially, hoop and three principle stresses radially, can simulate the stress path that the principal axis of stress does not rotate, only changes principle stress size, and the loading of moment of torsion can cause axially and the principle stress of hoop deflects in the plane perpendicular to radially, can simulate the stress path of principal axis of stress rotation.
2 seaming chucks, push-down head and rock sample are bonded to one by seccotine, and the surface of contact of seaming chuck, push-down head and rock sample has boss, have increased the contact area of rock sample and seaming chuck, push-down head, have reduced the risk that when moment of torsion loads, surface of contact departs from.
The inner cruciform oil pocket that forms of 3 seats of honour and top cover, piston is placed in cruciform oil pocket actively, piston is divided into upper and lower two parts by cruciform oil pocket, hydraulic servo pump loads axial force by first passage to cruciform oil pocket top conveying liquid force feed and to piston, therefore, be different from the rigidity load mode that traditional employing lifting jack contacts with rigid rod, in this application, the loading of axial force adopts the flexible load mode that hydraulic oil contacts with piston, avoided lifting jack to contact the end-face friction effect producing with rigid rod, effectively disappear except when the phase mutual interference while jointly loading of axial force and moment of torsion.
The surface of contact of 4 seaming chucks and piston is by silica gel sealing, and the hydraulic oil in sleeve can not enter the surface of contact of piston and seaming chuck, can realize separated that axial force loads with outer confined pressure, makes the load mode of axial force more flexible.
5 hydraulic servo pumps to cruciform oil pocket bottom conveying liquid force feed, can apply axial force straight up by third channel to piston, are advantageously used in stablizing jigger lifting piston after test, have avoided the disturbance of men hoisting piston to rock sample.
6 torsion devices are fixed on top cover and piston, when moment of torsion loads, rock hollow cylinder torsional shear instrument integral body are carried out to force analysis known, and this triaxial apparatus bottom does not exist rotation trend, therefore, does not need to configure in addition stationary platform, has saved fund and test space.
The rock sample of 7 rock hollow cylinder torsional shear instrument destroys and occurs in rock sample medium position, the analysis of stress and strain etc. is also for the cell cube in the middle part of rock sample, strain measurement adopts the mode of pasting foil gauge image data at rock sample middle part, can accurately obtain the real-time strain value of sample middle part cell cube, avoided measuring the error that the whole strain of rock sample brings, applying of external force adopts high-precision hydraulic servopump, can realize constant voltage and flow control, guaranteed the reliability of test.
Rock hollow cylinder torsional shear instrument of the present invention has solved the single difficult problem of rock indoor test unit stress path, can independently or mixedly to rock sample, load axial force, interior confined pressure, outer confined pressure, moment of torsion, and overcome the defect of phase mutual interference when four kinds of external force load, can simulate the stress path of principle stress size variation or principal axis of stress rotation, rock hollow cylinder torsional shear instrument is rational in infrastructure, be easy to manufacture, simple to operate, measuring system is accurate, automaticity is high, can be generally for the shop experiment in rock complex loading path.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is outside drawing of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described, sees accompanying drawing.
Rock hollow cylinder torsional shear instrument, this torsion shear apparatus is comprised of base 12, sleeve 10, push-down head 20, seaming chuck 17, piston 1, the seat of honour 8, top cover 6, connecting link 11, torsion device.
Push-down head 20 tops are boss-shaped, push-down head 20 centers have the 6th passage 21 of perforation, the 6th passage 21 is for oil transportation, push-down head 20 inside have the 7th passage 22, the two-port of the 7th passage 22 lays respectively at push-down head 20 outer walls and boss top, the 7th passage 22 is for transmission test data, and push-down head 20 tops connect rock sample.Seaming chuck 17 bottoms are boss-shaped, the boss of the boss of seaming chuck 17 and push-down head 20 is with footpath and on same center line, seaming chuck 17 tops have square groove, seaming chuck 17 inside have four-way 18, the two ends of four-way 18 lay respectively at bottom and the outer wall of seaming chuck 17, four-way 18 is for exhaust, and seaming chuck 17 bottoms connect rock sample, and the space that seaming chuck 17, rock sample, push-down head 20 form is used for applying interior confined pressure.
Base 12 is boss-shaped, base 12 inside have Five-channel 23, the 8th passage 15, the tenth passage 13, the two-port of each passage lays respectively at outer wall and the boss top of base 12, Five-channel 23 is connected with four-way 18 by gas outlet 19 and for exhaust, the 8th passage 15 is for oil transportation, the tenth passage 13 and the 7th passage 22 are as the introduction passage of data line, base 12 centers have the 9th passage 14, the two-port of the 9th passage 14 lays respectively at the outer wall of boss bottom portion of groove and base 12, the 9th passage 14 is for oil transportation, base 12 centers, upper surface have cylinder shape groove, push-down head 20 is positioned in base 12, between push-down head 20 and base 12, be bolted, and guarantee that the 9th passage 14 and the 6th passage 21 are on same center line.Hollow cylinder sleeve 10 is positioned on base 12, and hollow cylinder sleeve 10 bottoms connect base 12 by pin, and hollow cylinder sleeve 10 inner spaces are used for applying outer confined pressure.
The seat of honour 8 is positioned on hollow cylinder sleeve 10, the seat of honour 8 is connected with base 12 by equally distributed connecting link 11, 8 tops, the seat of honour are provided with top cover 6, top cover 6 is connected with the seat of honour 8 by bolt, the inner cruciform oil pocket that forms of the seat of honour 8 and top cover 6, piston 1 is cruciform, piston 1 is placed in cruciform oil pocket actively, stretch out from the top of top cover 6 upper end of piston 1, 8 below stretch out from the seat of honour lower end of piston 1, the lower surface of piston 1 and base 12, push-down head 20, the upper and lower surface horizontal parallel of seaming chuck 17, the lower end of piston 1 has square boss, silica gel is smeared in the square boss outside of piston 1 lower end, the square groove of the square boss of piston 1 lower end and seaming chuck 17 upper ends is stung merga pass silica gel sealing mutually, in the seat of honour 8, have parallel first passage 7 and third channel 9, one port of first passage 7 is positioned at the top of cruciform oil pocket, one port of third channel 9 is positioned at the bottom of cruciform oil pocket, the another port of two passages is positioned at the outer wall at the seat of honour 8, first passage 7 and third channel 9 are for oil transportation, in the seat of honour 8, also have second channel 16, the two-port of second channel 16 lays respectively at outer wall and the bottom at the seat of honour 8, second channel 16 is for exhaust.
Torsion device consists of moment of torsion transmission rod 2, lifting jack 3, oscillating bearing 4, moment of torsion counter-force seat 5, one end of moment of torsion transmission rod 2 is fixed on piston 1 top, the other end of moment of torsion transmission rod 2 is connected with the piston head of lifting jack 3 by oscillating bearing 4, the other end of lifting jack 3 and moment of torsion counter-force seat 5 one end are hinged, the other end of moment of torsion counter-force seat 5 is fixed on 8 tops, the seat of honour by two connecting links 11, moment of torsion transmission rod 2, lifting jack 3 horizontal parallel, and vertical with piston 1.
First passage 7, third channel 9, the 8th passage 15, the 9th passage 14, lifting jack 3 connects respectively hydraulic servo pump, hydraulic servo pump can be selected high-precision hydraulic servopump and guarantee the Stability and veracity of loading system, by first passage 7, can and load axial force to the upper oil chamber oil transportation of cruciform oil pocket, by third channel 9 can be to the oil pocket oil transportation of cruciform oil pocket bottom so that during off-test piston 1 promote, confined pressure outside can and loading to the inner oil transportation of sleeve 10 by the 8th passage 15, confined pressure in can and loading to the inner oil transportation of rock sample by the 9th passage 14, by loading moment of torsion to lifting jack 3 oil transportations, second channel 16 exhaust when loading outer confined pressure, the exhaust when loading interior confined pressure of four-way 18 and Five-channel 23.The port that the tenth passage 13 is positioned at base 12 outer walls is connected with Data Control and acquisition system, can real-time Transmission test figure.
Base 12 is respectively equipped with O-ring seal with piston 1, top cover 6 with piston 1 surface of contact with top cover 6, the seat of honour 8 with sleeve 10, the seat of honour 8 with push-down head 20, the seat of honour 8 with sleeve 10, base 12, for guaranteeing the inner sealing of oil pocket of this torsion shear apparatus and the reliability of loading.
Principle of work of the present invention is:
The interior introducing data line of (1) the 7th passage 22 connects the two-port of the 7th passage 22, and the interior introducing data line of the tenth passage 13 connects the two-port of the tenth passage 13, and the port that the tenth passage 13 is positioned at base 12 outer walls is connected with Data Control and acquisition system.Meanwhile, seal respectively the two-port of the 7th passage 22 and the tenth passage 13.
(2) prepare hollow cylinder rock sample, and paste foil gauge at the medium position of rock sample inner and outer wall, the foil gauge data line of rock sample inwall is connected with the data line ports that the 7th passage 22 is positioned at push-down head 20 boss tops, seccotine is smeared in push-down head 20 outer wall of boss and push-down head 20 boss outsides, top, and rock sample is bonded in push-down head 20 tops by seccotine.
(3) seccotine is smeared in seaming chuck 17 outer wall of boss and seaming chuck 17 boss outsides, seaming chuck 17 is bonded in rock sample top by seccotine, and guarantee that push-down head 20, rock sample, seaming chuck 17 are on same center line, rock sample outer wall parcel rubber sleeve, and by lower limb on silica gel sealing rubber sleeve, rock sample is connected as a whole with seaming chuck 17, push-down head 20.
(4) push-down head 20 is positioned in base 12, between push-down head 20 and base 12, be bolted, and guarantee that the 6th passage 21 and the 9th passage 14 are on same center line, four-way 18 is connected with Five-channel 23 by gas outlet 19, and the 7th passage 22 is connected with the tenth passage 13 by data line 24.
(5) hollow cylinder sleeve 10 is positioned on base 12, hollow cylinder sleeve 10 bottoms connect base 12 by pin, the seat of honour 8 is positioned on hollow cylinder sleeve 10, silica gel is smeared in the square boss outside of piston 1 lower end, place piston 1 in cruciform oil pocket, 8 below stretch out from the seat of honour lower end of piston 1, and guarantee lower surface and the base 12 of piston 1, push-down head 20, the upper and lower surface horizontal parallel of seaming chuck 17, the square groove of the square boss of piston 1 lower end and seaming chuck 17 upper ends is stung merga pass silica gel sealing mutually, top cover 6 is inserted in piston 1 and is positioned on the seat of honour 8, top cover 6 is connected with the seat of honour 8 by bolt.
(6) one end of moment of torsion transmission rod 2 is fixed on piston 1 top, the other end of moment of torsion transmission rod 2 is connected with the piston head of lifting jack 3 by oscillating bearing 4, the other end of lifting jack 3 and moment of torsion counter-force seat 5 one end are hinged, guarantee moment of torsion transmission rod 2 and lifting jack 3 horizontal parallel vertical with piston 1, two connecting links 11 pass respectively two threaded holes of moment of torsion counter-force seat 5 other ends, and moment of torsion counter-force seat 5, the seat of honour 8, base 12 are fixed, fixing through the Bing Jiang seat of honour 8, residual thread hole and the base 12 of the seat of honour 8 and base 12 by connecting link 11.
(7) first passage 7, third channel 9, the 8th passage 15, the 9th passage 14, lifting jack 3 connect respectively hydraulic servo pump, close second channel 16, Five-channel 23, the tenth passage 13 before on-test.
(8) outside loading, during confined pressure, open second channel 16, by hydraulic servo pump to the 8th passage 15 oil transportations, when having hydraulic oil to flow out, second channel 16 closes second channel 16, continue to load periphery and be depressed into setting value, when off-test also needs the outer confined pressure of unloading, open second channel 16.
(9) in loading, during confined pressure, open Five-channel 23, by hydraulic servo pump to the 9th passage 14 oil transportations, when having hydraulic oil to flow out, Five-channel 23 closes Five-channel 23, continue confined pressure in loading and, to setting value, when off-test also needs the interior confined pressure of unloading, open Five-channel 23.
(9) when loading axial force, by hydraulic servo pump, to first passage 7 oil transportations to setting value, during off-test, unload the oil pressure of hydraulic servo pump.
(10) when loading moment of torsion, by hydraulic servo pump, to lifting jack 3 oil transportations to setting value, during off-test, unload the oil pressure of lifting jack 3.
(11) when off-test also needs to take out rock sample, take off successively connecting link 11, torsion device, top cover 6, by hydraulic servo pump to third channel 9 oil transportations jigger lifting piston 1, when piston 1 and rock sample undisturbed, stop oil transportation, take off piston 1 and unload the oil pressure of hydraulic servo pump, take off successively the bolt that the seat of honour 8, sleeve 10, push-down head 20 are connected with base 12, removal seaming chuck 17 and push-down head 20 are also obtained rock sample.
Claims (4)
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| CN201410343475.0A CN104155175B (en) | 2014-07-18 | 2014-07-18 | Rock hollow cylinder torsional shear instrument |
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| CN106644753B (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2020-03-31 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Rock hollow cylinder torsional shear instrument for improving torque application precision |
| CN106644753A (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2017-05-10 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Hollow cylindrical rock torsional shear apparatus for improving torque application accuracy |
| CN107101871A (en) * | 2017-03-14 | 2017-08-29 | 湖北工业大学 | The ess-strain control formula geotechnical centrifuge model system of complete off-load |
| WO2020258207A1 (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2020-12-30 | 东北大学 | Fast-rotating opening-type high-pressure rock triaxial pressure chamber having loading structure |
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