CN104135079A - Failure processing method for intelligent power distribution network comprising distributed power supply - Google Patents
Failure processing method for intelligent power distribution network comprising distributed power supply Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104135079A CN104135079A CN201410391992.5A CN201410391992A CN104135079A CN 104135079 A CN104135079 A CN 104135079A CN 201410391992 A CN201410391992 A CN 201410391992A CN 104135079 A CN104135079 A CN 104135079A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- distributed power
- failure
- power source
- fault
- distribution network
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/16—Electric power substations
Landscapes
- Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a failure processing method for an intelligent power distribution network comprising a distributed power supply. The method comprises the following steps that (1), a failure monitoring program in a master automatic power distribution station monitors all remote communication deflection messages in the power distribution network, failure signals existing in the remote communication deflection messages are screened out, and a failure analysis program carries out failure positioning according to downstream protection signals; (2), failure isolation is carried out according to a minimum load power loss principle; (3), an energy management system inside the master automatic power distribution station is combined with the current operating state of the distributed power supply, a reasonable failure recovering strategy is made according to different constraint conditions and objective functions, and the reasonable failure recovering strategy is issued to a coordination control layer for failure recovering. Failure positioning is carried out according to all the remote communication deflection messages in the power distribution network, failure isolation is carried out according to the minimum load power loss principle, the reasonable recovering strategy is made, and therefore failure positioning, failure isolation and failure recovering are achieved after the distributed power supply is introduced into the power distribution network, and reliability of feeder automation is improved effectively.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to intelligent distribution network technical field, especially a kind of intelligent distribution network fault handling method containing distributed power source.
Background technology
Feeder automation can be monitored the running status of power distribution network and equipment thereof in real time, for further strengthening power grid construction Realizing Power Distribution Automation Step by Step, provides foundation, is a critical function of Distribution Management System.When power distribution network breaks down, feeder automation can be found rapidly fault zone, and non-fault zone user's power supply is recovered in automatic separating fault region in time, so has shortened user's interruption duration, has reduced power failure area, has improved power supply reliability.
After distributed power source access power distribution network, the structure of distribution system and operation are changed, power distribution network becomes a horizontal networks that spreads all over power supply from a kind of strict vertical radiant type network.When the quantity in distributed power source access power distribution network and capacity acquire a certain degree, traditional FEEDER AUTOMATION will be no longer applicable.Situation for distributed power source access feeder line, when break down in certain region, except the main power source side point in this region can flow through the short circuit current that major network power supply confesses, the end points that this region is connected with distributed power source also can flow through the short circuit current that corresponding distributed power source is confessed.When if the short circuit current that the short circuit current that major network power supply is confessed and distributed power source are confessed differs larger, can report threshold value by improving short circuit current, distinguish the short circuit current that major network power supply and distributed power source are confessed, thereby carry out fault location according to short circuit current information.When the short circuit current of confessing when major network power supply and distributed power source is more or less the same, be difficult to distinguish, relying on traditional fault location principle to carry out fault location may judge by accident.Therefore, under different faults scene, the accurate location of distribution network failure that realization contains distributed power source is the inexorable trend that feeder automation develops, and the fault location, Fault Isolation and the fault recovery that how to solve after power distribution network introducing distributed power source are current problems in the urgent need to address.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of reasonable in design, quick and precisely and the reliable and stable intelligent distribution network fault handling method containing distributed power source.
The present invention solves its technical problem and takes following technical scheme to realize:
An intelligent distribution network fault handling method containing distributed power source, comprises the following steps:
(1) fault location treatment step: the failure monitoring program in power distribution automation main website is monitored all remote signalling displacement information in power distribution network, the fault-signal that screening wherein exists, carries out fault location by failure analysis program according to downstream guard signal;
(2) Fault Isolation treatment step: carry out Fault Isolation according to load dead electricity amount minimum principle;
(3) Petri Nets step: the EMS in power distribution automation main website, in conjunction with the current running status of distributed power source, is formulated rational fail-over policy according to various boundary conditions and target function, and be handed down to the execution of coordination key-course.
And described fault location is processed, Fault Isolation is processed and also comprise the processing procedure that fault message shows, Fault Isolation result shows and Petri Nets result shows during Petri Nets.
And, described Fault Isolation processing adopts automated manner to carry out or interactive mode is carried out, under automated manner, system automatically performs the Fault Isolation Strategy according to troubleshooting scheme, and can on display interface, show isolation information and the processing procedure information of fault; Under interactive mode, with the form of display interface, provide accident analysis conclusion, dispatcher can carry out the Fault Isolation Strategy by step on display interface, and feeds back the executing state of each step.
And, described Petri Nets adopts automated manner to carry out or interactive mode is carried out, under automated manner, system automatically performs fail-over policy according to troubleshooting scheme, and on interface, show recovery scheme and processing procedure information, under interactive mode, with the form at interface, provide accident analysis conclusion, dispatcher can carry out fail-over policy by step on display interface, and feeds back in time the executing state of each step.
And described fail-over policy comprises two schemes: a kind of is to find suitable turning for circuit preferentially to use major network power supply within the scope of power distribution network contact; Another kind is to carry out distributed power source screening, distributed power source boundary demarcation, isolated island sharing of load and distributed power source generating prediction and load prediction to carry out isolated island establishment.
And, in failover procedure, adopt the impact that coordinates to eliminate distributed power source in short circuit current of distributed power source off-grid characteristic and reclosing, comprise following processing procedure:
(1) transformer station's reclosing delay time is increased to 2.5s-3.5s;
(2) on distribution terminal, send over-current signal not do to keep, or shorten the signal retention time to 1s;
(3) increase the overlay analysis function to twice over-current signal.
Advantage of the present invention and good effect are:
1, the present invention is according to the feature of intelligent distribution network, according to remote signalling displacement information all in power distribution network, carry out fault location, according to load dead electricity amount minimum principle, carry out Fault Isolation, and formulate rational recovery policy, thereby solved power distribution network and introduced fault location, Fault Isolation and the fault recovery problem after distributed power source, effectively promoted the reliability of feeder automation.
2, the present invention adopts automated manner or interactive mode to carry out Fault Isolation and fault recovery, has shortened user's interruption duration, has reduced power failure area, has improved user satisfaction.
3, the present invention can monitor the running status containing the power distribution network of distributed power source in real time, for further strengthening power grid construction Realizing Power Distribution Automation Step by Step, provides foundation, to advancing power distribution automation application to have realistic meaning.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is process chart of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the embodiment of the present invention is further described:
An intelligent distribution network fault handling method containing distributed power source, as shown in Figure 1, comprises the following steps:
(1) fault location treatment step
After distributed power source access power distribution network, power distribution network becomes a multi-source network configuration by original radial structure, thereby the original protection of power distribution network is on the hazard, and may cause fault erroneous judgement.In order to realize containing the distribution network failure of distributed power source, accurately locate; analyzing on the basis that under different faults scene, distributed power source affects power distribution network; draw to draw a conclusion: longer for distributed power source access power distribution network capacity distribution line radius of electricity supply large and that be access in; the short circuit current that under failure condition, distributed power source provides power distribution network easily affects over-current signal action on line switching; direction protection is installed in requirement additional, for sending direction signal in EMS.
In this step; by the failure monitoring program in power distribution automation main website, monitor all remote signalling displacement information in power distribution network; the fault-signal that screening wherein may exist according to entry condition; once the fault of capturing, starts accident analysis and carries out fault location by failure analysis program according to downstream guard signal.
When carrying out fault location; the fault message that power distribution automation main frame detects according to each distribution terminal or fault detector; in conjunction with fault messages such as the relay protection signal of transformer station, switch trip signals; start exception handles; determine fault type and occurrence positions; automatically release corresponding power distribution single-line diagram, can on display interface, express fault zone by the painted mode of network dynamic topology.For troubleshooting result, can show by various ways such as upper alarm window, pattern coloring, historical querys.When carrying out Fault Isolation and Petri Nets, can carry out interactive process according to the result of fault location.
(2) Fault Isolation treatment step
According to load dead electricity amount minimum principle, carry out Fault Isolation analysis, need to carry out isolation range Minimization Analysis.Adopt load dead electricity amount minimum principle to carry out Fault Isolation and control simply, minimum on the impact of distribution network line operational mode.
Fault Isolation is processed and can be adopted automated manner to carry out, and under automated manner, system automatically performs the Fault Isolation Strategy according to troubleshooting scheme, and can on display interface, show the information such as the isolation information of fault and processing procedure.
Fault Isolation is processed and also can be adopted interactive mode to realize: under interactive mode, first the form with display interface provides accident analysis conclusion, comprises the relevant informations such as fault location result, fault isolation schemes; Dispatcher can carry out the Fault Isolation Strategy by step on display interface, and can feed back in time the executing state of each step.
(3) Petri Nets step
Guaranteeing under the prerequisite of safe operation of power system, EMS in power distribution automation main website is in conjunction with the current running status of distributed power source (as photovoltaic is exerted oneself, remaining battery capacity etc.), according to various boundary conditions and target function (as load restoration amount maximum or switching manipulation least number of times etc.), formulate rational fail-over policy, and be handed down to the execution of coordination key-course.
Recovery policy is to occur in the later network reconfiguration of fault in essence, and distributed power source participates in fault recovery and mainly contains two kinds of modes:
1. guarantee to turn the power supply reliability for load.Within the scope of power distribution network contact, find suitable turning for circuit and preferentially use major network power supply, this mode can at utmost guarantee power supply reliability, but limited to utilizing of distributed power source.
2. use distributed power source to carry out isolated island establishment.This mode need to be carried out distributed power source screening, distributed power source boundary demarcation, isolated island sharing of load and distributed power source generating prediction and load prediction.Making full use of distributed power source restores electricity to isolated island power distribution network.
Petri Nets can adopt automated manner to carry out, and under automated manner, system automatically performs fail-over policy according to troubleshooting scheme, and can on interface, show the information such as recovery scheme and processing procedure.
Petri Nets also can adopt interactive mode to realize: under interactive mode, and the relevant information the such as first form with interface provides accident analysis conclusion, comprises fault isolation schemes, upstream and downstream service restoration scheme; Dispatcher can carry out fail-over policy by step on display interface, and can feed back in time the executing state of each step.
In Petri Nets process, can also further adopt the impact that coordinates to eliminate distributed power source in short circuit current of distributed power source off-grid characteristic and reclosing.According to Q/GDW480-2010 < < distributed power source access electric power network technique regulation > > regulation, the distributed power source of non-isolated island consciously must depart from from electrical network in 2s after feeder fault.Accordingly, can adopt the impact that coordinates to eliminate distributed power source in short circuit current of distributed power source off-grid characteristic and reclosing, concrete processing method is as follows:
(1) transformer station's reclosing delay time is increased to 2.5s-3.5s.
After fault occurs, in 2s, the distributed power source on this feeder line all departs from from electrical network.The tripping operation of transformer station wire-outgoing breaker overlaps by 2.5s-3.5s time delay, if permanent fault, transformer station's wire-outgoing breaker trips again, now electrical power distribution automatization system secondary acquisition to fault message just got rid of the impact of distributed power source.
(2) on distribution terminal, send over-current signal not do to keep, or shorten the signal retention time to 1s.
Existing distribution terminal is generally considers that over-current signal can toply send and the reason such as line data-logging, over-current signal is kept the long period to (several minutes or hour), and this will affect reporting of secondary over-current signal.The retention time of over-current signal need to be shortened or do not do to keep, but will guarantee can toply sending of signal.
(3) increase the overlay analysis function to twice over-current signal
For the feeder automation of overhead transmission line, power distribution automation main station failure processing capacity software need to increase the function of over-current signal overlay analysis.Main website carries out cascade matching analysis by the distribution line over-current signal of receiving for twice before and after reclosing, and fault is positioned and analyzing and processing.
Distributed power source access capacity surpass capacity of trunk 25% time, the threshold values of distribution terminal reporting fault information of need to again adjusting, improves set point.
Above-mentioned improvement strategy is all suitable for for the situation of the distributed power source of access random capacity, and needn't change the hardware of electrical power distribution automatization system, only need in troubleshooting application software, change slightly.
It is emphasized that; embodiment of the present invention is illustrative; rather than determinate; therefore the present invention includes and be not limited to the embodiment described in embodiment; every other execution modes that drawn by those skilled in the art's technical scheme according to the present invention, belong to the scope of protection of the invention equally.
Claims (6)
1. containing an intelligent distribution network fault handling method for distributed power source, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) fault location treatment step: the failure monitoring program in power distribution automation main website is monitored all remote signalling displacement information in power distribution network, the fault-signal that screening wherein exists, carries out fault location by failure analysis program according to downstream guard signal;
(2) Fault Isolation treatment step: carry out Fault Isolation according to load dead electricity amount minimum principle;
(3) Petri Nets step: the EMS in power distribution automation main website, in conjunction with the current running status of distributed power source, is formulated rational fail-over policy according to various boundary conditions and target function, and be handed down to the execution of coordination key-course.
2. the intelligent distribution network fault handling method containing distributed power source according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described fault location is processed, Fault Isolation is processed and also comprise the processing procedure that fault message shows, Fault Isolation result shows and Petri Nets result shows during Petri Nets.
3. the intelligent distribution network fault handling method containing distributed power source according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described Fault Isolation processing adopts automated manner to carry out or interactive mode is carried out, under automated manner, system automatically performs the Fault Isolation Strategy according to troubleshooting scheme, and can on display interface, show isolation information and the processing procedure information of fault; Under interactive mode, with the form of display interface, provide accident analysis conclusion, dispatcher can carry out the Fault Isolation Strategy by step on display interface, and feeds back the executing state of each step.
4. the intelligent distribution network fault handling method containing distributed power source according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described Petri Nets adopts automated manner to carry out or interactive mode is carried out, under automated manner, system automatically performs fail-over policy according to troubleshooting scheme, and on interface, show recovery scheme and processing procedure information, under interactive mode, form with interface provides accident analysis conclusion, dispatcher can carry out fail-over policy by step on display interface, and feeds back in time the executing state of each step.
5. the intelligent distribution network fault handling method containing distributed power source according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described fail-over policy comprises two schemes: a kind of is within the scope of power distribution network contact, to find suitable turning for circuit preferentially to use major network power supply; Another kind is to carry out distributed power source screening, distributed power source boundary demarcation, isolated island sharing of load and distributed power source generating prediction and load prediction to carry out isolated island establishment.
6. the intelligent distribution network fault handling method containing distributed power source according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in failover procedure, adopt the impact that coordinates to eliminate distributed power source in short circuit current of distributed power source off-grid characteristic and reclosing, comprise following processing procedure:
(1) transformer station's reclosing delay time is increased to 2.5s-3.5s;
(2) on distribution terminal, send over-current signal not do to keep, or shorten the signal retention time to 1s;
(3) increase the overlay analysis function to twice over-current signal.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410391992.5A CN104135079A (en) | 2014-08-11 | 2014-08-11 | Failure processing method for intelligent power distribution network comprising distributed power supply |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410391992.5A CN104135079A (en) | 2014-08-11 | 2014-08-11 | Failure processing method for intelligent power distribution network comprising distributed power supply |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104135079A true CN104135079A (en) | 2014-11-05 |
Family
ID=51807655
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410391992.5A Pending CN104135079A (en) | 2014-08-11 | 2014-08-11 | Failure processing method for intelligent power distribution network comprising distributed power supply |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104135079A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105207178A (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2015-12-30 | 国家电网公司 | Distribution network fault location and islanding method based on DG access |
| CN107846015A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-03-27 | 湖南世优电力科技股份有限公司 | Intelligent distribution network load transfer optimal route selection method based on peer-to-peer communication |
| CN106159939B (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2019-01-18 | 华东电网有限公司 | Dispatching of power netwoks is issued an order method and system automatically |
| CN113285431A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-08-20 | 云南电网有限责任公司迪庆供电局 | Intelligent power distribution network information physical fusion protection system and method |
| CN114123485A (en) * | 2021-10-09 | 2022-03-01 | 珠海万力达电气自动化有限公司 | Novel distributed distribution network terminal device and fault recovery method thereof |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH10136466A (en) * | 1996-10-28 | 1998-05-22 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Remote supervisory control system |
| CN102916408A (en) * | 2012-10-25 | 2013-02-06 | 江苏省电力公司扬州供电公司 | Fault handling method for distribution network including distributed power source |
-
2014
- 2014-08-11 CN CN201410391992.5A patent/CN104135079A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH10136466A (en) * | 1996-10-28 | 1998-05-22 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Remote supervisory control system |
| CN102916408A (en) * | 2012-10-25 | 2013-02-06 | 江苏省电力公司扬州供电公司 | Fault handling method for distribution network including distributed power source |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 陈黎军: "分布式光伏发电并网对配电网安全的影响分析", 《电力安全技术》 * |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105207178A (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2015-12-30 | 国家电网公司 | Distribution network fault location and islanding method based on DG access |
| CN106159939B (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2019-01-18 | 华东电网有限公司 | Dispatching of power netwoks is issued an order method and system automatically |
| CN107846015A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-03-27 | 湖南世优电力科技股份有限公司 | Intelligent distribution network load transfer optimal route selection method based on peer-to-peer communication |
| CN107846015B (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2020-12-08 | 湖南世优电力科技股份有限公司 | Intelligent power distribution network load transfer optimal path selection method based on peer-to-peer communication |
| CN113285431A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-08-20 | 云南电网有限责任公司迪庆供电局 | Intelligent power distribution network information physical fusion protection system and method |
| CN114123485A (en) * | 2021-10-09 | 2022-03-01 | 珠海万力达电气自动化有限公司 | Novel distributed distribution network terminal device and fault recovery method thereof |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102270836B (en) | Wide-area over-current protection method and system for power distribution network | |
| CN106058831B (en) | A kind of intelligent distributed quick protection of adaptive power distribution network and failure separation method | |
| CN103022994B (en) | Method for achieving fault isolation and recovery of power distribution network with permeability distribution type power supply | |
| CN104113048B (en) | A kind of power distribution network intelligent protection system | |
| CN104767182B (en) | A kind of overhead transmission line type distribution network failure processing method | |
| CN102299563B (en) | Digital-analog (DA) protection method for intelligent distribution network | |
| CN102075005B (en) | Processing method for 110KV zone automatic standby power switching action on basis of EMS (Engine Management System) system | |
| CN103490392B (en) | Fault handling method of power distribution network comprising distributed power supplies and microgrids | |
| CN103022992A (en) | Feeder ground positioning method based on dispersion zero sequence voltage detection | |
| CN104135079A (en) | Failure processing method for intelligent power distribution network comprising distributed power supply | |
| CN102882195A (en) | Intelligent longitudinally-interconnected feeder automation system | |
| CN104518564A (en) | Backup automatic switching apparatus with area automatic switching function, and backup automatic switching method | |
| CN111049112B (en) | Automatic fault isolation and self-healing control system and method for 10kV looped network distribution line | |
| CN104124672B (en) | For the method that voltage-type fault section front end restores electricity | |
| CN103001193A (en) | Centralized feeder automation control method for demarcation fault processing | |
| CN104242467A (en) | Intelligent self-healing controlling method of feeder line of distribution network | |
| CN204068430U (en) | A kind of intelligence longitudinally interconnected feeder automation control system | |
| CN102623994B (en) | Substation area control method and system of microgrid operation mode | |
| CN104993448A (en) | Distribution substation low-voltage intelligent reclosing method | |
| CN211880175U (en) | Intelligent distributed feeder device based on 5G | |
| CN103855810A (en) | Self-healing security and stability system for 110KV substation | |
| CN106787131B (en) | A kind of two rank region spare power automatic switching system and prepared auto restart control method | |
| CN103227460A (en) | Intelligent power distribution monitoring system and intelligent power distribution monitoring method | |
| CN102684311A (en) | 10 kilovolt (KV) cascade switching station graded protection device and protection method thereof | |
| CN202550668U (en) | Distributed power distribution network management terminal |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C53 | Correction of patent of invention or patent application | ||
| CB02 | Change of applicant information |
Address after: 300010 Tianjin city Hebei District Wujing Road No. 39 Applicant after: State Grid Corporation of China Applicant after: State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Company Address before: 100031 Xicheng District West Chang'an Avenue, No. 86, Beijing Applicant before: State Grid Corporation of China Applicant before: State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Company |
|
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20141105 |