CN104128761B - 有利于减轻环规重量的GCr15环规制造方法 - Google Patents
有利于减轻环规重量的GCr15环规制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104128761B CN104128761B CN201410355095.9A CN201410355095A CN104128761B CN 104128761 B CN104128761 B CN 104128761B CN 201410355095 A CN201410355095 A CN 201410355095A CN 104128761 B CN104128761 B CN 104128761B
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- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxylamine Chemical group 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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound 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[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/32—Soft annealing, e.g. spheroidising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
Abstract
本发明公开了一种有利于减轻环规重量的GCr15环规制造方法，包括顺序进行的毛坯下料、机械加工、热处理、端面加工和内外圆精磨，所述机械加工包括顺序进行的毛坯侧面环形凹槽车削、环形凹槽黄铜填充、黄铜钢字冲印、毛坯内圆和外圆加工，所述毛坯的材质为GCr15，环形凹槽车削加工之前还包括球化退火步骤，所述热处理包括顺序进行的高温淬火和低温回火，所述毛坯下料与机械加工工序之间还包括锻打步骤。本发明提供的工艺便于得到重量更轻、使用寿命更长和使用更方便的环规，不仅利于活塞环的检测成本，还有利于活塞环的检测精度、可靠性和效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于尺寸检测的量具的制造工艺，特别是涉及一种有利于减轻环规重量的GCr15环规制造方法。
背景技术
活塞环作为发动机中关键零件之一，性能与质量的好坏直接影响发动机各项技术经济指标，其中活塞环的闭口间隙是影响发动机密封性能的主要技术参数之一。由于不同类型和结构的发动机通过活塞环闭口间隙的漏气量约为进气量的0.3%至1.8%，为了减小漏气量，就必须尽量减小活塞环的闭口间隙，现有标准中一般规定闭口间隙最大极限公差为0.3mm。随着发动机性能的不断提高，如在近年来技术不断成熟的增压机型发动机，对活塞环的要求越来越高，如某些大功率车用柴油机活塞环的闭口间隙公差仅为0.1mm，这就使得活塞环在生产和使用过程中，对活塞环的质量和尺寸控制显得尤为重要。现有技术中用于活塞环尺寸检测的主要部件为环规，从活塞环仿形加工开始至成品检验的整个过程中，环规运用的工序和所需环规的规格的种类，没有他量具可与之相比，好的环规质量是活塞环闭口间隙偏差保证的坚实基础。
发明内容
针对上述为保证活塞环闭口间隙偏差，好的环规质量为其坚实基础的问题，本发明提供了一种有利于减轻环规重量的GCr15环规制造方法。
针对上述问题，本发明提供的有利于减轻环规重量的GCr15环规制造方法通过以下技术要点来达到发明目的：有利于减轻环规重量的GCr15环规制造方法，包括顺序进行的毛坯下料、机械加工、热处理、端面加工和内外圆精磨，所述机械加工包括顺序进行的毛坯侧面环形凹槽车削、环形凹槽黄铜填充、黄铜钢字冲印、毛坯内圆和外圆加工，所述毛坯的材质为GCr15，环形凹槽车削加工之前还包括球化退火步骤，所述球化退火为将毛坯加热至785℃-800℃保温不小于3h，炉冷至600℃至700℃，所述热处理包括顺序进行的高温淬火和低温回火，所述高温淬火为将上述炉冷得到的毛坯加热至845℃至865℃中的任意数值，高温淬火时间不小于2h，所述低温回火的回火温度为165℃至175℃中的任意数值，低温回火时间不小于3h，所述毛坯下料与机械加工工序之间还包括锻打步骤。
更进一步的技术方案为：
所述内外圆精磨步骤后续还包括磷化处理步骤。
所述磷化处理步骤为将内外圆打磨步骤中得到的产品置于溶液游离酸度与总酸度的比值为1：（9-10）的磷化液中，所述磷化液的温度在60℃至70℃范围内，磷化时间为13至20min。
所述磷化处理步骤为将内外圆打磨步骤中得到的产品置于溶液游离酸度与总酸度的比值为1：（10-12）的磷化液中，所述磷化液的温度在50℃至60℃范围内，磷化时间为8至15min。
所述磷化液中还磷化促进剂。
所述磷化促进剂为羟胺。
本发明具有以下有益效果：
1、本发明提供的环规制造方法工艺简单，通过选取特定的高温淬火、低温回火温度和时间，并在热处理之前设置锻打步骤，即首先通过锻打步骤消除毛坯中的铸态疏松，甚至夹渣、气孔等缺陷，同时便于使得毛坯中形成完整的金属流线，通过后续的热处理，可使得产品的表面硬度高于65HRC，使得由GCr15制造而成的环规的使用寿命至少为现有采用45#钢或40Gr作为基材得到的环规寿命的4倍，而材料和制造成本仅为现有技术的2.5倍，以上设置使得本发明不仅利于活塞环的检测成本，还有利于活塞环的检测精度和可靠性。
2、通过设置的球化退火步骤，可使得毛坯中的碳化物分布均匀，毛坯的金相组织为粒状珠光体，硬度范围在170-220HRB范围内，便于后续的机械切削加工，同时还有利于毛坯的表面机械加工质量。
3、机械加工步骤中包括的毛坯侧面环形凹槽车削、环形凹槽黄铜填充、黄铜钢字冲印中，毛坯侧面环形凹槽车削旨在在环规侧面得到环形凹槽，达到减轻环规重量的目的，便于环规在使用时操作人员更易于抓紧，有利于环规的使用；设置的黄铜钢字冲印用于在环规上标注环规尺寸，在实际生产中设置为黄铜的外圆直径小于环规直径，这样环规经过长时间使用后，可避免黄铜上的冲印字体受锈蚀的影响，有利于环规的使用寿命和使用的便捷性。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明，但是本发明的结构不仅限于以下实施例。
实施例1：
有利于减轻环规重量的GCr15环规制造方法，包括顺序进行的毛坯下料、机械加工、热处理、端面加工和内外圆精磨，所述机械加工包括顺序进行的毛坯侧面环形凹槽车削、环形凹槽黄铜填充、黄铜钢字冲印、毛坯内圆和外圆加工，所述毛坯的材质为GCr15，环形凹槽车削加工之前还包括球化退火步骤，所述球化退火为将毛坯加热至785℃-800℃保温不小于3h，炉冷至600℃至700℃，所述热处理包括顺序进行的高温淬火和低温回火，所述高温淬火为将上述炉冷得到的毛坯加热至845℃至865℃中的任意数值，高温淬火时间不小于2h，所述低温回火的回火温度为165℃至175℃中的任意数值，低温回火时间不小于3h，所述毛坯下料与机械加工工序之间还包括锻打步骤。
本发明提供的环规制造方法工艺简单，通过选取特定的高温淬火、低温回火温度和时间，并在热处理之前设置锻打步骤，即首先通过锻打步骤消除毛坯中的铸态疏松，甚至夹渣、气孔等缺陷，同时便于使得毛坯中形成完整的金属流线，通过后续的热处理，可使得产品的表面硬度高于65HRC，使得由GCr15制造而成的环规的使用寿命至少为现有采用45#钢或40Gr作为基材得到的环规寿命的4倍，而材料和制造成本仅为现有技术的2.5倍，以上设置使得本发明不仅利于活塞环的检测成本，还有利于活塞环的检测精度和可靠性。
通过设置的球化退火步骤，可使得毛坯中的碳化物分布均匀，毛坯的金相组织为粒状珠光体，硬度范围在170-220HRB范围内，便于后续的机械切削加工，同时还有利于毛坯的表面机械加工质量。
机械加工步骤中包括的毛坯侧面环形凹槽车削、环形凹槽黄铜填充、黄铜钢字冲印中，毛坯侧面环形凹槽车削旨在在环规侧面得到环形凹槽，达到减轻环规重量的目的，便于环规在使用时操作人员更易于抓紧，有利于环规的使用；设置的黄铜钢字冲印用于在环规上标注环规尺寸，在实际生产中设置为黄铜的外圆直径小于环规直径，这样环规经过长时间使用后，可避免黄铜上的冲印字体受锈蚀的影响，有利于环规的使用寿命和使用的便捷性。
实施例2：
本实施例在实施例1的基础上作进一步限定，为使得在环规的外侧形成具有自润滑性能的减磨层和防腐层，以进一步保证本发明得到的环规的使用寿命，所述内外圆精磨步骤后续还包括磷化处理步骤。
所述磷化处理步骤为将内外圆打磨步骤中得到的产品置于溶液游离酸度与总酸度的比值为1：（9-10）的磷化液中，所述磷化液的温度在60℃至70℃范围内，磷化时间为13至20min。
所述磷化处理步骤为将内外圆打磨步骤中得到的产品置于溶液游离酸度与总酸度的比值为1：（10-12）的磷化液中，所述磷化液的温度在50℃至60℃范围内，磷化时间为8至15min。
为增强磷化步骤的效果，即便于得到更深的磷化层，所述磷化液中还磷化促进剂。
为简化磷化步骤的工艺控制和避免促进剂对环境造成污染，所述磷化促进剂为羟胺。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施方式只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明的技术方案下得出的其他实施方式，均应包含在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (4)
1.有利于减轻环规重量的GCr15环规制造方法，包括顺序进行的毛坯下料、机械加工、热处理、端面加工和内外圆精磨，其特征在于，所述机械加工包括顺序进行的毛坯侧面环形凹槽车削、环形凹槽黄铜填充、黄铜钢字冲印、毛坯内圆和外圆加工，所述毛坯的材质为GCr15，环形凹槽车削加工之前还包括球化退火步骤，所述球化退火为将毛坯加热至785℃-800℃， 保温不小于3h，炉冷至600℃至700℃，所述热处理包括顺序进行的高温淬火和低温回火，所述高温淬火为将上述炉冷得到的毛坯在经过机械加工后，加热至845℃至865℃中的任意数值，高温淬火时间不小于2h，所述低温回火的回火温度为165℃至175℃中的任意数值，低温回火时间不小于3h，所述毛坯下料与机械加工工序之间还包括锻打步骤。
2.根据权利要求1所述的有利于减轻环规重量的GCr15环规制造方法，其特征在于，所述内外圆精磨步骤后续还包括磷化处理步骤。
3.根据权利要求2所述的有利于减轻环规重量的GCr15环规制造方法，其特征在于，所述磷化处理步骤为将内外圆打磨步骤中得到的产品置于溶液游离酸度与总酸度的比值为1：（9-10）的磷化液中，所述磷化液的温度在60℃至70℃范围内，磷化时间为13至20min。
4.根据权利要求2所述的有利于减轻环规重量的GCr15环规制造方法，其特征在于，所述磷化处理步骤为将内外圆打磨步骤中得到的产品置于溶液游离酸度与总酸度的比值为1：（10-12）的磷化液中，所述磷化液的温度在50℃至60℃范围内，磷化时间为8至15min。
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