CN104108813B - 炼化污水脱盐一体化处理工艺及装置 - Google Patents
炼化污水脱盐一体化处理工艺及装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104108813B CN104108813B CN201410341900.2A CN201410341900A CN104108813B CN 104108813 B CN104108813 B CN 104108813B CN 201410341900 A CN201410341900 A CN 201410341900A CN 104108813 B CN104108813 B CN 104108813B
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- reverse osmosis
- sewage
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- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 157
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000002242 deionisation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium monoxide Chemical compound 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[Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen peroxide Substances data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0nMS4wJyBlbmNvZGluZz0naXNvLTg4NTktMSc/Pgo8c3ZnIHZlcnNpb249JzEuMScgYmFzZVByb2ZpbGU9J2Z1bGwnCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM6cmRraXQ9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cucmRraXQub3JnL3htbCcKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSdodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB4bWw6c3BhY2U9J3ByZXNlcnZlJwp3aWR0aD0nMzAwcHgnIGhlaWdodD0nMzAwcHgnIHZpZXdCb3g9JzAgMCAzMDAgMzAwJz4KPCEtLSBFTkQgT0YgSEVBREVSIC0tPgo8cmVjdCBzdHlsZT0nb3BhY2l0eToxLjA7ZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGO3N0cm9rZTpub25lJyB3aWR0aD0nMzAwLjAnIGhlaWdodD0nMzAwLjAnIHg9JzAuMCcgeT0nMC4wJz4gPC9yZWN0Pgo8cGF0aCBjbGFzcz0nYm9uZC0wIGF0b20tMCBhdG9tLTEnIGQ9J00gMTA1LjcsMTUwLjAgTCAxOTUuNSwxNTAuMCcgc3R5bGU9J2ZpbGw6bm9uZTtmaWxsLXJ1bGU6ZXZlbm9kZDtzdHJva2U6I0U4NDIzNTtzdHJva2Utd2lkdGg6Mi4wcHg7c3Ryb2tlLWxpbmVjYXA6YnV0dDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46bWl0ZXI7c3Ryb2tlLW9wYWNpdHk6MScgLz4KPHRleHQgeD0nMTAuMicgeT0nMTcwLjAnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTAnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6NDBweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiNFODQyMzUnID5IPC90ZXh0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PSczNS44JyB5PScxNzAuMCcgY2xhc3M9J2F0b20tMCcgc3R5bGU9J2ZvbnQtc2l6ZTo0MHB4O2ZvbnQtc3R5bGU6bm9ybWFsO2ZvbnQtd2VpZ2h0Om5vcm1hbDtmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk6MTtzdHJva2U6bm9uZTtmb250LWZhbWlseTpzYW5zLXNlcmlmO3RleHQtYW5jaG9yOnN0YXJ0O2ZpbGw6I0U4NDIzNScgPk88L3RleHQ+Cjx0ZXh0IHg9JzIzOS45JyB5PScxNzAuMCcgY2xhc3M9J2F0b20tMScgc3R5bGU9J2ZvbnQtc2l6ZTo0MHB4O2ZvbnQtc3R5bGU6bm9ybWFsO2ZvbnQtd2VpZ2h0Om5vcm1hbDtmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk6MTtzdHJva2U6bm9uZTtmb250LWZhbWlseTpzYW5zLXNlcmlmO3RleHQtYW5jaG9yOnN0YXJ0O2ZpbGw6I0U4NDIzNScgPk88L3RleHQ+Cjx0ZXh0IHg9JzI2Ny41JyB5PScxNzAuMCcgY2xhc3M9J2F0b20tMScgc3R5bGU9J2ZvbnQtc2l6ZTo0MHB4O2ZvbnQtc3R5bGU6bm9ybWFsO2ZvbnQtd2VpZ2h0Om5vcm1hbDtmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk6MTtzdHJva2U6bm9uZTtmb250LWZhbWlseTpzYW5zLXNlcmlmO3RleHQtYW5jaG9yOnN0YXJ0O2ZpbGw6I0U4NDIzNScgPkg8L3RleHQ+Cjwvc3ZnPgo= data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound 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[Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000002829 reduced Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002455 scale inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000001172 regenerating Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002500 ions Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorine atom Chemical compound 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[Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012492 regenerant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances 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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
Abstract
本发明提供了一种炼化污水脱盐一体化处理工艺及装置。该工艺包括：向一级处理过的炼化污水加入CaO和Na2CO3去除硬度，用酸调节酸碱度，得到初步除硬的污水；将初步除硬的污水使用多介质过滤和活性碳过滤，得到预处理污水；将预处理污水和次氯酸钠混合后进行超滤，得到超滤污水和滤出物；将超滤污水和还原剂混合后进行离子交换处理，得到去离子污水；将去离子污水和阻垢剂混合后进行反渗透处理，得到纯水和反渗透浓水。该工艺还包括反渗透浓水采用双氧水-活性碳氧化处理去除浓缩的有机物后对离子交换处理所用的离子交换材料进行再生处理的步骤。本发明能够提高炼化污水脱盐处理的综合收水率和脱盐率，有效控制膜污染，实现炼化污水的资源化回用。
Description
技术领域
[0001]本发明涉及一种炼化污水脱盐一体化处理工艺及装置，属于油气田地面工程技术领域。
背景技术
[0002] 石化行业是我国五大耗水行业之一，目前我国的炼化污水生物处理一般多采用两级好氧或厌氧好氧(A/0)工艺处理，其出水水质基本上可以满足国际公认的排放标准，但无法直接回用。对于某些高含盐、高碱度、高硬度、高腐蚀性离子含量的废水，除了考虑污染组分的处理外，还必须对这些离子进行适当处理，以使污水回用后循环水系统在高浓缩倍数下不结垢、不腐蚀。
[0003]反渗透是近年来发展较快、研究较多的脱盐处理技术，在海水淡化、电厂锅炉补水、电子工业生产用高纯水生产等方面得到了广泛的应用。但是，现有的反渗透技术在处理炼化污水过程中存在膜单元运行不稳定、膜材料表面有机物和无机物污堵频繁，综合收水率低，反渗透浓水处理能力低等问题。因此，开发出水水质好、运行效率高，处理成本低、能有效控制膜污染、减少处理过程中的废液的炼化污水深度处理与回用技术是解决炼化污水环境污染问题的重要手段，也是当前急需攻克的难关。
[0004]目前，国外的反渗透技术在炼化企业已经得到成功应用，美国的Knoblock等人将膜过滤与生物反应器结合用于深度处理炼油污水，装置长期运行十分稳定，出水水质优良。在国内，超滤反渗透作为循环冷却水与过滤给水的污水脱盐回用的主体技术，已在大连石化、大港石化、齐鲁石化等多家企业得到应用，但运行中有有机物、无机盐结垢造成膜污染的问题。
发明内容
[0005]鉴于上述现有技术存在的缺陷，本发明的目的是提出一种炼化污水脱盐一体化处理工艺，能够解决脱盐处理过程中产生的污染物，提高炼化污水脱盐处理的综合收水率，有效控制膜污染，实现炼化污水的资源化回用。
[0006]本发明的目的通过以下技术方案得以实现:
[0007] —种炼化污水脱盐一体化处理工艺，包括如下步骤:
[0008] 步骤一，向一级处理过的炼化污水中加入CaO和Na2CO3去除硬度(进行初步除硬，控制对反渗透膜的污染)，用酸调节酸碱度，得到初步除硬的污水；
[0009]步骤二，将初步除硬的污水使用多介质过滤，降低反渗透污染密度指数，然后使用活性碳过滤，去除游离氯和有机物(控制对反渗透膜的污染)，得到预处理污水；
[0010]步骤三，将预处理污水和次氯酸钠混合后进行超滤，得到超滤污水和滤出物；
[0011]步骤四，将超滤污水和还原剂混合后进行离子交换处理，得到去离子污水；
[0012]步骤五，将去离子污水和阻垢剂混合后(采取错流过滤和渗透的运行方式)进行反渗透处理，得到纯水和反渗透浓水；
[0013]步骤六，将反渗透浓水用双氧水-活性碳氧化去除浓缩的有机物，用处理后的反渗透浓水再生离子交换处理所用的离子交换材料。
[0014]上述的步骤六中，将反渗透膜浓水进行处理过后再回用，用于离子交换材料的再生，既可以减少处理过程中的污水排放，也降低了再生的成本。
[0015]上述的离子交换材料包括但不限于离子交换树脂。
[0016]本发明完成了炼化污水脱盐技术和膜工艺优化的理论研究，将超滤和离子交换作为膜工艺的预处理技术，将反渗透作为脱盐工艺的主体技术，依靠反渗透膜在压力下使炼化污水中的水与盐分进行分离。
[0017]上述的炼化污水脱盐一体化处理工艺中，超滤是一种低压膜分离技术，过滤过程是以膜两侧压力差为驱动力，以膜孔径大小对料液中不同分子量的物质截留率不同的原理进行机械筛分，从而去除悬浮颗粒。
[0018]上述的炼化污水脱盐一体化处理工艺中，离子交换树脂是一种在交联聚合物结构中含有离子交换基团的功能高分子材料，这里采用阳离子交换树脂，将水中的Ca2+、Mg2+(水中硬度的主要成份)置换出来，从而实现对污水的深度除硬，这两种预处理技术可以防止硬度、有机物及浊度对膜造成的堵塞污染。
[0019] 上述的炼化污水脱盐一体化处理工艺中，所述双氧水-活性碳氧化处理可以去除浓缩的有机物(降低C0D)。将双氧水-活性炭氧化作为反渗透浓水再生树脂预处理技术，反渗透处理过程产生的浓水中盐含量和有机物均被浓缩，高盐水能再生树脂但浓水中的有机物需进行去除，双氧水氧化利用羟基自由基将大分子有机物降解为小分子，进行活性炭吸附后可进一步去除有机物，使得反渗透浓水得到净化，从而实现反渗透浓水对离子交换树脂的有效再生，完成浓水的回收利用，减少处理中废液的产生。
[0020] 上述的炼化污水脱盐一体化处理工艺中，一级处理过的炼化污水是指通过简单的沉淀、过滤或适当的曝气，以去除污水中的悬浮物、大颗粒物，调整PH值及减轻污水的腐化程度后的污水。
[0021]上述的炼化污水脱盐一体化处理工艺中，步骤一中的一级处理过的污水中加入CaO和Na2C03去除硬度的方法即石灰-纯喊软化法，是使用CaO、Na2CC>3和污水混合揽摔进行软化，用石灰除去水中的碳酸盐硬度，用纯碱Na2CO3除去非碳酸盐硬度;步骤中用酸调节酸碱度为本领域常规技术手段。
[0022]上述的炼化污水脱盐一体化处理工艺中，初步除硬的污水使用多介质过滤和活性碳过滤，能够去除胶体物质、游离氯和有机物等。
[0023]上述的炼化污水脱盐一体化处理工艺中，步骤三中加入次氯酸钠，可以抑制超滤膜组件内细菌滋生，其加入量一般为过量。
[0024] 上述的炼化污水脱盐一体化处理工艺中，步骤四中加入还原剂用来还原步骤三中加入的过量的次氯酸钠，以保护离子交换器后，超滤污水进入离子交换器后可以去除钙镁硬度，还原剂的加入量为常规的量或过量。
[0025] 上述的炼化污水脱盐一体化处理工艺中，步骤五中加入阻垢剂可以减轻反渗透膜被污垢堵塞，其加入量为常规量或过量;反渗透所得纯水进入产水贮水箱，可回用为炼化工艺用水，处理过程中所得的浓水进入反渗透浓水贮水箱，然后进行后续的处理。
[0026] 上述的炼化污水脱盐一体化处理工艺中，优选的，所述反渗透处理包括用一级反渗透膜、二级反渗透膜、三级反渗透膜进行三段反渗透处理;其中，去离子污水经过一级反渗透膜、二级反渗透膜进行反渗透处理，得到纯水和二级反渗透水;将二级反渗透水进入三级反渗透膜进行处理，得到三级纯水和反渗透浓水;将三级纯水合并入去离子污水循环进入一级反渗透膜、二级反渗透膜进行反渗透处理。
[0027] 上述的反渗透处理即是采取错流过滤和渗透的运行方式进行的反渗透处理，产生反渗透浓水。
[0028] 上述的炼化污水脱盐一体化处理工艺中，优选的，该处理工艺还包括将步骤三所得的滤出物外排或合并入一级处理过的炼化污水中按照步骤一进行处理的步骤，可以提高收水率和浓水浓度。
[0029]上述的炼化污水脱盐一体化处理工艺中，优选的，步骤三还包括在超滤前进行保安过滤的步骤。
[0030]上述的保安过滤起到预过滤的作用，防止损害和堵塞超滤膜。
[0031] 上述的炼化污水脱盐一体化处理工艺中，优选的，该处理工艺还包括对超滤所用的超滤膜进行反洗水，然后将反洗水合并入预处理污水中按照步骤三进行处理的步骤。
[0032]上述的反洗水是指经超滤处理后的污水经反冲洗栗对超滤膜进行反洗水，然后进入超滤水箱缓冲，即将反洗水合并入预处理污水中。
[0033]本发明还提供一种上述的炼化污水脱盐一体化处理工艺所用的装置，该装置包括离子交换和反渗透浓水再生装置及脱盐装置;所述离子交换和反渗透浓水再生装置包括澄清池、多介质过滤单元、活性炭过滤单元、离子交换单元和反渗透浓水氧化单元;所述脱盐处理装置包括超滤单元和反渗透单元;所述澄清池依次与多介质过滤单元、活性炭过滤单元、超滤单元、离子交换单元相连接，所述离子交换单元的出水口与反渗透单元相连接、所述反渗透单元与反渗透浓水氧化单元的进水口相连接，反渗透浓水氧化单元的出水口与所述离子交换单元的进水口相连接。
[0034]上述的装置中，多介质过滤单元、活性炭过滤单元、超滤单元、离子交换单元依次相连接后再与反渗透单元相连接，其目的是为反渗透单元预除硬;反渗透浓水氧化单元的出水口与所述离子交换单元的进水口相连接，可以将处理后的浓水用于再生离子交换材料。
[0035]上述的脱盐装置采用双模技术，包括超滤和反渗透两个单元。
[0036]上述的装置中，优选的，该装置还包括设置在活性炭过滤单元和超滤单元之间的保安过滤单元。
[0037]上述的超滤单元包括超滤膜，设置有进水口、出水口和滤出物口，所述进水口与所述保安过滤单元相连接，出水口所述离子交换单元相连接，滤出物口用于外排，将滤出物外排或合并入一级处理过的炼化污水中。
[0038]上述的装置中，优选的，所述反渗透单元包括一级反渗透膜(反渗透主机)、二级反渗透膜和三级反渗透膜，所述离子交换单元的出水口与所述一级反渗透膜的进水口相连接，所述一级反渗透膜的出水口依次与二级反渗透膜和三级反渗透膜相连接，所述三级反渗透膜的出水口和反渗透浓水氧化单元的进水口相连接，所述一级反渗透膜、二级反渗透膜和三级反渗透膜分别设置有产出口，所述三级反渗透膜的产出口与所述一级反渗透膜的进水口相连接。
[0039]本发明的突出效果为:
[0040]本发明针对炼化污水中的化学需氧量(COD)大即有机污染物多，细菌和无机盐的种类多、浓度高，残留油成分复杂，且变化幅度大等特点，将除硬(离子交换和超滤)、反渗透脱盐、浓水树脂再生技术进行开创性的组合，开发出炼化污水脱盐一体化处理工艺，以实现炼化污水的除硬，脱盐，同时对处理过程中产生的浓盐水进行回用，用于离子交换树脂的再生，减少处理过程中的废液，并可以有效的控制膜污染，降低化学清洗的频率，工艺简单，收水率尚，脱盐率尚，可靠性尚，有效降低了成本。
附图说明
[0041 ]图1是实施例1的炼化污水脱盐一体化处理工艺装置流程图；
[0042]图2是实施例1的炼化污水脱盐一体化处理工艺所用装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
[0043]下面通过具体实施例对本发明的方法进行说明，以使本发明技术方案更易于理解、掌握，但本发明并不局限于此。下述实施例中所述实验方法，如无特殊说明，均为常规方法;所述试剂和材料，如无特殊说明，均可从商业途径获得。
[0044] 实施例
[0045] 本实施例提供一种炼化污水脱盐一体化处理工艺，在兰州石化进行现场应用研究，其流程如图1所示，包括如下步骤:
[0046] 步骤一，向一级处理过的炼化污水中加入CaO和Na2O3去除硬度，在澄清池中沉淀，去除沉淀物，用酸调节酸碱度，得到初步除硬的污水；
[0047]步骤二，将初步除硬的污水在多介质过滤单元进行过滤，然后在活性碳过滤单元进行过滤，得到预处理污水；
[0048] 步骤三，将预处理污水和次氯酸钠进行混合，先经过保安过滤单元预过滤，然后在超滤单元进行超滤，经超滤处理后的污水经反冲洗栗对超滤膜进行反洗水，然后进入超滤水箱缓冲，接着再次进行超滤，得到超滤污水和滤出物，滤出物外排；
[0049] 步骤四，将超滤污水和还原剂混合后进入离子交换单元进行离子交换处理，得到去尚子污水；
[0050]步骤五，将去离子污水和阻垢剂混合后采取错流过滤和渗透的运行方式进行三段反渗透处理，即去离子污水经过一级反渗透膜(反渗透主机)、二级反渗透膜进行反渗透处理，得到纯水和二级反渗透水;将二级反渗透水进入三级反渗透膜进行处理，得到三级纯水和反渗透浓水;将三级纯水合并入去离子污水循环进入一级反渗透膜、二级反渗透膜进行反渗透处理；
[0051 ]步骤六，将反渗透浓水在反渗透浓水氧化单元采用双氧水-活性碳氧化处理去除浓缩的有机物，然后对步骤四的离子交换处理所用的离子交换装置进行再生处理。
[0052]本实施例炼化污水脱盐一体化处理工艺是通过下列装置实施的，其装置结构示意图如图2所示:
[0053] 该装置包括离子交换和反渗透浓水再生装置及脱盐装置;离子交换和反渗透浓水再生装置包括澄清池、多介质过滤单元、活性炭过滤单元、离子交换单元和反渗透浓水氧化单元;脱盐处理装置包括保安过滤单元、超滤单元和反渗透单元，该反渗透单元包括一级反渗透膜(反渗透主机)、二级反渗透膜和三级反渗透膜;所述澄清池依次与多介质过滤单元、活性炭过滤单元、保安过滤单元、超滤单元、离子交换单元相连接，所述离子交换单元的出水口与所述一级反渗透膜的进水口相连接，所述一级反渗透膜的出水口依次与二级反渗透膜和三级反渗透膜相连接，所述三级反渗透膜的出水口和反渗透浓水氧化单元的进水口相连接，所述一级反渗透膜、二级反渗透膜和三级反渗透膜分别设置有产出口，所述三级反渗透膜的产出口与所述一级反渗透膜的进水口相连接，反渗透浓水氧化单元的出水口与所述离子交换单元的进水口相连接。
[0054] 上述的超滤单元设置有进水口、出水口和滤出物口，所述进水口与所述保安过滤单元相连接，出水口所述离子交换单元相连接，滤出物口用于外排，将滤出物外排。
[0055]本实施例的装置设计处理能力为3m3/h，投资105万元。实施例中，经过一级处理的炼化污水，采用石灰-纯碱软化法去除大部分的硬度，硬度去除率达60%，进而超滤去除大的悬浮物颗粒，出水浊度< 3NTU，剩余的硬度再通过离子交换去除，去除率达90%，使废水满足反渗透的进水要求。至此，在膜工艺(反渗透处理)进行前的预除硬，总硬度去除率290%，控制了膜的污染，化学清洗频率降低25%，由3个月一次提高到4个月一次，提高膜系统的运行负荷;反渗透部分为三段反渗透，反渗透产出的纯水进入纯水储罐备用，其余污水经过反渗透膜的不断浓缩，含盐量不断增加，COD等也一并浓缩，形成浓水经过双氧水-活性炭的处理后作为离子交换的再生用水，COD去除率>60%。膜工艺前置除硬技术总硬度去除率92%，反渗透处理脱盐工艺出水硬度< 3mg/L，脱盐率>98%，综合收水率达80%，同时利用反渗透浓水再生用于预除硬的离子树脂，降低了污水处理成本，整套装置降低企业污水回用成本10%，减少浓盐水排放50%。
Claims (4)
1.一种炼化污水脱盐一体化处理工艺，包括如下步骤: 步骤一，向一级处理过的炼化污水中加入CaO和Na2CO3去除硬度，用酸调节酸碱度，得到初步除硬的污水； 步骤二，将初步除硬的污水使用多介质过滤，降低反渗透污染密度指数，然后使用活性碳过滤，去除游离氯和有机物，得到预处理污水； 步骤三，将预处理污水和次氯酸钠混合后进行保安过滤，然后再进行超滤，得到超滤污水和滤出物； 步骤四，将超滤污水和还原剂混合后进行离子交换处理，得到去离子污水； 步骤五，将去离子污水和阻垢剂混合后进行反渗透处理，得到纯水和反渗透浓水； 步骤六，将反渗透浓水用双氧水-活性碳氧化去除浓缩的有机物，用处理后的反渗透浓水再生离子交换处理所用的离子交换材料;其中，所述反渗透处理包括用一级反渗透膜、二级反渗透膜、三级反渗透膜进行三段反渗透处理；其中，去离子污水经过一级反渗透膜、二级反渗透膜进行反渗透处理，得到纯水和二级反渗透水;将二级反渗透水进入三级反渗透膜进行处理，得到三级纯水和反渗透浓水;将三级纯水合并入去离子污水循环进入一级反渗透膜、二级反渗透膜进行反渗透处理； 所述一级处理过的炼化污水为采用沉淀、过滤或曝气，去除悬浮物、大颗粒物，减轻污水的腐化程度后的污水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的炼化污水脱盐一体化处理工艺，其特征在于:该处理工艺还包括将步骤三所得的滤出物外排或合并入一级处理过的炼化污水中按照步骤一进行处理的步骤。
3.根据权利要求1所述的炼化污水脱盐一体化处理工艺，其特征在于:该处理工艺还包括对超滤所用的超滤膜进行反洗，然后将反洗水合并入预处理污水中按照步骤三进行处理的步骤。
4.一种权利要求1-3任一项所述的炼化污水脱盐一体化处理工艺所用的装置，其特征在于:该装置包括离子交换和反渗透浓水再生装置及脱盐装置;所述离子交换和反渗透浓水再生装置包括澄清池、多介质过滤单元、活性炭过滤单元、离子交换单元和反渗透浓水氧化单元;所述脱盐处理装置包括超滤单元和反渗透单元;所述澄清池依次与多介质过滤单元、活性炭过滤单元、超滤单元、离子交换单元相连接，所述离子交换单元的出水口与反渗透单元相连接、所述反渗透单元与反渗透浓水氧化单元的进水口相连接，反渗透浓水氧化单元的出水口与所述离子交换单元的进水口相连接;其中，该装置还包括设置在活性炭过滤单元和超滤单元之间的保安过滤单元;所述反渗透单元包括一级反渗透膜、二级反渗透膜和三级反渗透膜，所述离子交换单元的出水口与所述一级反渗透膜的进水口相连接，所述一级反渗透膜的出水口依次与二级反渗透膜和三级反渗透膜相连接，所述三级反渗透膜的出水口和反渗透浓水氧化单元的进水口相连接，所述一级反渗透膜、二级反渗透膜和三级反渗透膜分别设置有产出口，所述三级反渗透膜的产出口与所述一级反渗透膜的进水口相连接。
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