CN104100968A - Circulating fluidized bedboiler cyclone separator provided with entirely inclined center cylinder - Google Patents
Circulating fluidized bedboiler cyclone separator provided with entirely inclined center cylinder Download PDFInfo
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 4
- JGIATAMCQXIDNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium sulfide Chemical compound [Ca]=S JGIATAMCQXIDNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
- Cyclones (AREA)
Abstract
一种带有整体倾斜中心筒的循环流化床锅炉旋风分离器，包括渐缩入口烟道，渐缩入口烟道出口和分离器筒体的侧面入口连接，分离器筒体下端出口和分离器锥体的上端入口连接，分离器锥体的下端出口和分离器立管连接，整体倾斜中心筒从分离器筒体的上部插入分离器筒体内，渐缩入口烟道出口内安装有烟气均流凸台，整体倾斜中心筒顶部固定方式为自由吊挂式固定，整体倾斜中心筒和分离器筒体之间为自由配合，整体倾斜中心筒的设置方式可以优化旋风分离器内的流场，烟气均流凸台使流场趋于稳定、烟气所携带的颗粒浓度均一，本发明提高旋风分离器的分离效率。
A circulating fluidized bed boiler cyclone separator with an integral inclined central cylinder, including a tapered inlet flue, a tapered inlet flue outlet and a side inlet connection of the separator cylinder, an outlet at the lower end of the separator cylinder and a separator The upper end of the cone is connected to the inlet, the lower end of the separator cone is connected to the separator standpipe, the overall inclined central cylinder is inserted into the separator cylinder from the upper part of the separator cylinder, and the flue gas equalizer is installed in the outlet of the tapered inlet flue. The flow boss, the top of the overall inclined central cylinder is fixed by free hanging, and the overall inclined central cylinder and the separator cylinder are freely matched. The setting method of the overall inclined central cylinder can optimize the flow field in the cyclone separator. The flue gas uniform flow boss makes the flow field tend to be stable, and the particle concentration carried by the flue gas is uniform. The invention improves the separation efficiency of the cyclone separator.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于循环流化床锅炉技术领域，具体涉及一种带有整体倾斜中心筒的循环流化床锅炉旋风分离器。The invention belongs to the technical field of circulating fluidized bed boilers, and in particular relates to a circulating fluidized bed boiler cyclone separator with an integrally inclined central cylinder.
技术背景technical background
循环流化床锅炉必须通过气固分离和返料装置才能完成物料在主循环回路中的循环，其在运行中必须要保证一定的循环量，这就对气固分离装置的分离效率提出了要求。旋风分离器是目前在循环流化床锅炉中普遍应用的气固分离装置，总的说来，循环流化床锅炉旋风分离器的设计应满足以下几点要求：The circulating fluidized bed boiler must pass through the gas-solid separation and return device to complete the circulation of materials in the main circulation loop. It must ensure a certain amount of circulation during operation, which puts forward requirements on the separation efficiency of the gas-solid separation device. . The cyclone separator is a gas-solid separation device commonly used in circulating fluidized bed boilers. Generally speaking, the design of circulating fluidized bed boiler cyclone separators should meet the following requirements:
⑴旋风分离器要能够在高温、高浓度、高流量的环境下长期正常工作；⑴The cyclone separator should be able to work normally for a long time in the environment of high temperature, high concentration and high flow;
⑵旋风分离器要满足分离效率高、压力损失小的性能指标；(2) The cyclone separator should meet the performance indicators of high separation efficiency and small pressure loss;
⑶旋风分离器的结构要与锅炉相适应且制造维护成本低。(3) The structure of the cyclone separator should be compatible with the boiler and the manufacturing and maintenance costs should be low.
目前已经投运的循环流化床锅炉中，常常出现由于分离效率低造成的飞灰含碳量大、循环灰量不足影响锅炉运行等问题；部分分离器结构设计时考虑不足，中心筒变形脱落时有发生，对电厂安全经济运行造成不利影响；此外个别分离器尽管分离效率能够满足要求，但是本体阻力大，设备能耗高。In circulating fluidized bed boilers that have been put into operation at present, there are often problems such as high carbon content in fly ash caused by low separation efficiency, insufficient circulating ash amount, affecting boiler operation, etc.; some separators are not considered enough in structural design, and the central tube is deformed and falls off. Occurs from time to time, which has a negative impact on the safe and economical operation of the power plant; in addition, although the separation efficiency of individual separators can meet the requirements, the body resistance is large and the energy consumption of the equipment is high.
上述些问题出现的原因在于设计人员对旋风分离器的特性还未完全掌握、旋风分离器的制造安装也存在一定缺陷，因此加强旋风分离器的分离机理研究，提高设计水平积累优化改造经验非常必要。The reason for the above-mentioned problems is that the designers have not fully grasped the characteristics of the cyclone separator, and there are certain defects in the manufacture and installation of the cyclone separator. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the research on the separation mechanism of the cyclone separator, improve the design level and accumulate experience in optimization and transformation. .
随着循环流化床锅炉容量的增加，分离器结构尺寸，特别是分离器的筒体直径显著提高，大炉型一般采用多个分离器并联布置，对单个分离器的优化设计方面不同设计厂家的处理方式略有不同，但总的出发点都是希望通过改善分离器内的流场来减少颗粒的卷吸和夹带。但从实际应用情况来看，普遍存在分离器分离效率低，飞灰中位径高、石灰石消耗量大的问题。部分锅炉飞灰中位粒径超过50μm，石灰石钙硫摩尔比高达4～8。显然提高分离器分离效率，加强对细微颗粒的捕捉能力，对于提高循环流化床锅炉的运行水平意义重大。With the increase of circulating fluidized bed boiler capacity, the structural size of the separator, especially the cylinder diameter of the separator is significantly increased. The large furnace type generally adopts multiple separators in parallel arrangement, and the optimal design of a single separator is different from design manufacturers. The treatment methods are slightly different, but the general starting point is to reduce the entrainment and entrainment of particles by improving the flow field in the separator. However, from the perspective of practical application, there are generally problems such as low separation efficiency of the separator, high median diameter of fly ash, and large consumption of limestone. The median particle size of some boiler fly ash exceeds 50 μm, and the calcium-sulfur molar ratio of limestone is as high as 4-8. Obviously, improving the separation efficiency of the separator and strengthening the ability to capture fine particles is of great significance for improving the operating level of the circulating fluidized bed boiler.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了克服上述现有技术的缺点，本发明的目的是提供一种带有整体倾斜中心筒的循环流化床锅炉旋风分离器，提高旋风分离器的分离效率，改善循环流化床锅炉运行的环保性和运行经济性。In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a circulating fluidized bed boiler cyclone separator with an integral inclined central cylinder, improve the separation efficiency of the cyclone separator, and improve the environmental protection of the circulating fluidized bed boiler operation performance and operating economy.
为达到上述目的，本发明通过如下技术方案实现：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:
一种带有整体倾斜中心筒的循环流化床锅炉旋风分离器，包括渐缩入口烟道1，渐缩入口烟道1出口和分离器筒体2的侧面入口连接，分离器筒体2下端出口和分离器锥体3的上端入口连接，分离器锥体3的下端出口和分离器立管4连接，整体倾斜中心筒5从分离器筒体2的上部插入分离器筒体2内；A circulating fluidized bed boiler cyclone separator with an integral inclined central cylinder, including a tapered inlet flue 1, the outlet of the tapered inlet flue 1 is connected to the side inlet of the separator cylinder 2, and the lower end of the separator cylinder 2 The outlet is connected to the upper inlet of the separator cone 3, the lower outlet of the separator cone 3 is connected to the separator standpipe 4, and the overall inclined central cylinder 5 is inserted into the separator cylinder 2 from the upper part of the separator cylinder 2;
所述的渐缩入口烟道1出口内安装有烟气均流凸台6，烟气均流凸台6由高强度耐火耐磨材料整体成型；A flue gas equalizing boss 6 is installed in the outlet of the tapered inlet flue 1, and the flue gas equalizing boss 6 is integrally formed by high-strength refractory and wear-resistant materials;
所述的整体倾斜中心筒5的筒体几何中心a与整体倾斜中心筒5的上表面垂直中心b之间存在距离差e；There is a distance difference e between the cylinder geometric center a of the integrally inclined central cylinder 5 and the vertical center b of the upper surface of the integrally inclined central cylinder 5;
所述的整体倾斜中心筒5与气流方向存在夹角c；There is an included angle c between the overall inclined central cylinder 5 and the airflow direction;
所述的整体倾斜中心筒5顶部固定方式为自由吊挂式固定，整体倾斜中心筒5和分离器筒体2之间为自由配合，能够相对滑动。The top fixing method of the integrally inclined central cylinder 5 is a free-hanging fixing method, and the integrally inclined central cylinder 5 and the separator cylinder body 2 are freely matched and can slide relatively.
所述的渐缩入口烟道1的出口面积为入口面积的40％～75％，加速后的烟气流速为20～30m/s。The outlet area of the tapered inlet flue 1 is 40%-75% of the inlet area, and the accelerated flue gas velocity is 20-30m/s.
所述的整体倾斜中心筒5插入分离器筒体2的深度h是分离器筒体2高度H的15％～30％，整体倾斜中心筒5的直径d是分离器筒体2直径D的30～60％。The depth h of the insertion of the overall inclined central cylinder 5 into the separator cylinder 2 is 15% to 30% of the height H of the separator cylinder 2, and the diameter d of the overall inclined central cylinder 5 is 30% of the diameter D of the separator cylinder 2. ~60%.
整体倾斜中心筒5的筒体几何中心a与整体倾斜中心筒5的上表面垂直中心b之间存在距离差e为50～300mm。There is a distance difference e between the cylinder geometric center a of the integrally inclined central cylinder 5 and the vertical center b of the upper surface of the integrally inclined central cylinder 5 , which is 50-300 mm.
所述的整体倾斜中心筒5与气流方向存在夹角c为15°～75°。The angle c between the overall inclined central cylinder 5 and the airflow direction is 15°-75°.
所述的烟气均流凸台6突出部位的厚度为200～1200mm。The thickness of the protruding part of the flue gas equalizing boss 6 is 200-1200mm.
所述的整体倾斜中心筒5为耐热不锈钢整体铸造而成，耐热不锈钢材质为Cr25Ni20MoMnSiNRe，壁厚10～25mm。The overall inclined central cylinder 5 is integrally cast from heat-resistant stainless steel, the material of which is Cr25Ni20MoMnSiNRe, and the wall thickness is 10-25mm.
所述的整体倾斜中心筒5设置有中心筒加强筋7以加强筒体强度，各层中心筒加强筋7的间距为500～1500mm。The overall inclined central cylinder 5 is provided with central cylinder reinforcing ribs 7 to strengthen the strength of the cylinder, and the distance between the central cylinder reinforcing ribs 7 of each layer is 500-1500mm.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1.整体倾斜中心筒5改善了旋风分离器内的流场分布，显著提高了分离效率，降低了飞灰中位粒径、提高过循环流化床锅炉的物料循环量。1. The overall inclined central cylinder 5 improves the flow field distribution in the cyclone separator, significantly improves the separation efficiency, reduces the median particle size of the fly ash, and increases the material circulation of the circulating fluidized bed boiler.
2.分离器运行阻力适中，分离效率高。2. The separator has moderate running resistance and high separation efficiency.
3.新建机组和在役机组均易于实现中心筒整体倾斜布置，加工制造和现场安装难度低。3. It is easy to realize the overall inclined arrangement of the center tube for both the newly built unit and the in-service unit, and the difficulty in manufacturing and on-site installation is low.
4.整体倾斜中心筒不易变形，也不会产生烟气短路，可以显著改善锅炉运行状况，降低锅炉烟气中SO2、NOx和粉尘的排放浓度。4. The overall inclined central cylinder is not easy to deform and will not cause flue gas short circuit, which can significantly improve the operation of the boiler and reduce the emission concentration of SO 2 , NO x and dust in the boiler flue gas.
5.整体倾斜中心筒使用寿命长，免更换、免维护。5. The overall inclined central cylinder has a long service life, free of replacement and maintenance.
附图说明：Description of drawings:
图1为本发明的整体结构示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
图2为图1的俯视图。FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1 .
图3为本发明整体倾斜中心筒5筒体几何中心和上表面垂直中心的距离差示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the distance difference between the geometric center of the overall inclined central cylinder 5 and the vertical center of the upper surface of the present invention.
图4为本发明的整体倾斜中心筒5自由吊挂式固定方式示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the free-hanging fixing method of the integral inclined central cylinder 5 of the present invention.
图5为本发明实施例1、实施例2的两分离器布置方式示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of two separators in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
图6为本发明实施例3的三分离器布置方式示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of three separators in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
图7为本发明实施例4的四分离器布置方式示意图。Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of four separators in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图对本发明作进一步说明；但本领域技术人员理解，本发明并非只限于这些，任何在本发明基础上做出的改进和变化，都在本发明的保护范围之内。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings; but those skilled in the art understand that the present invention is not limited thereto, and any improvements and changes made on the basis of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
参照图1和图2，一种带有整体倾斜中心筒的循环流化床锅炉旋风分离器，包括渐缩入口烟道1、分离器筒体2、分离器锥体3、分离器立管4和整体倾斜中心筒5，渐缩入口烟道1出口和分离器筒体2的侧面入口连接，分离器筒体2下端出口和分离器锥体3的上端入口连接，分离器锥体3的下端出口和分离器立管4连接，整体倾斜中心筒5从分离器筒体2的上部插入分离器筒体2内。Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2, a circulating fluidized bed boiler cyclone separator with an integral inclined central cylinder, including a tapered inlet flue 1, a separator cylinder 2, a separator cone 3, and a separator standpipe 4 It is connected with the overall inclined central cylinder 5, the outlet of the tapered inlet flue 1 is connected with the side inlet of the separator cylinder 2, the outlet of the lower end of the separator cylinder 2 is connected with the upper inlet of the separator cone 3, and the lower end of the separator cone 3 The outlet is connected to the separator standpipe 4, and the integrally inclined central cylinder 5 is inserted into the separator cylinder 2 from the upper part of the separator cylinder 2.
所述的渐缩入口烟道1出口内安装有烟气均流凸台6，烟气均流凸台6由高强度耐火耐磨材料整体成型。A flue gas equalizing boss 6 is installed in the outlet of the tapered inlet flue 1 , and the flue gas equalizing boss 6 is integrally formed by high-strength refractory and wear-resistant materials.
参照图3，所述的整体倾斜中心筒5的筒体几何中心a与整体倾斜中心筒5的上表面垂直中心b之间存在距离差e。Referring to FIG. 3 , there is a distance difference e between the cylinder geometric center a of the integrally inclined central cylinder 5 and the vertical center b of the upper surface of the integrally inclined central cylinder 5 .
参照图2，所述的整体倾斜中心筒5与气流方向存在夹角c。Referring to FIG. 2 , there is an included angle c between the overall inclined central cylinder 5 and the airflow direction.
参照图4，所述的整体倾斜中心筒5顶部固定方式为自由吊挂式固定，整体倾斜中心筒5和分离器筒体2之间为自由配合，能够相对滑动。Referring to FIG. 4 , the top fixing method of the integrally inclined central cylinder 5 is free-hanging, and the integrally inclined central cylinder 5 and the separator cylinder 2 are freely fitted and can slide relatively.
所述的渐缩入口烟道1的出口面积为入口面积的40％～75％，加速后的烟气流速为20～30m/s。The outlet area of the tapered inlet flue 1 is 40%-75% of the inlet area, and the accelerated flue gas velocity is 20-30m/s.
所述的整体倾斜中心筒5插入分离器筒体2的深度h是分离器筒体2高度H的15％～30％，整体倾斜中心筒5的直径d是分离器筒体2直径D的30～60％。The depth h of the insertion of the overall inclined central cylinder 5 into the separator cylinder 2 is 15% to 30% of the height H of the separator cylinder 2, and the diameter d of the overall inclined central cylinder 5 is 30% of the diameter D of the separator cylinder 2. ~60%.
所述的整体倾斜中心筒5的筒体几何中心a与整体倾斜中心筒5的上表面垂直中心b之间存在距离差e为50～300mm。There is a distance difference e between the cylinder geometric center a of the integrally inclined central cylinder 5 and the vertical center b of the upper surface of the integrally inclined central cylinder 5 , which is 50-300 mm.
所述的整体倾斜中心筒5与气流方向存在夹角c为15°～75°。The angle c between the overall inclined central cylinder 5 and the airflow direction is 15°-75°.
所述的烟气均流凸台6突出部位的厚度为200～1200mm。The thickness of the protruding part of the flue gas equalizing boss 6 is 200-1200mm.
所述的整体倾斜中心筒5为耐热不锈钢整体铸造而成，耐热不锈钢材质为Cr25Ni20MoMnSiNRe，壁厚10～25mm。The overall inclined central cylinder 5 is integrally cast from heat-resistant stainless steel, the material of which is Cr25Ni20MoMnSiNRe, and the wall thickness is 10-25 mm.
参照图3，所述的整体倾斜中心筒5设置有中心筒加强筋7以加强筒体强度，各层中心筒加强筋7的间距为500～1500mm。Referring to FIG. 3 , the central cylinder 5 is provided with central cylinder reinforcing ribs 7 to strengthen the strength of the cylinder, and the distance between the central cylinder reinforcing ribs 7 of each layer is 500-1500 mm.
本发明的工作原理：整体倾斜中心筒5的设置方式可以优化旋风分离器内的流场，提高分离效率，气流在渐缩入口烟道1内的流速是逐步增加的，烟气均流凸台6使流场趋于稳定、烟气所携带的颗粒浓度均一，分离效率稳定，带有整体倾斜中心筒5的循环流化床锅炉旋风分离器的整体阻力为1.0～2.0kPa，分离效率不小于99.8％。The working principle of the present invention: the setting method of the overall inclined central cylinder 5 can optimize the flow field in the cyclone separator and improve the separation efficiency. 6 Make the flow field tend to be stable, the particle concentration carried by the flue gas is uniform, and the separation efficiency is stable. The overall resistance of the circulating fluidized bed boiler cyclone separator with an integral inclined central cylinder 5 is 1.0-2.0kPa, and the separation efficiency is not less than 99.8%.
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做详细描述。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
实施例1Example 1
某新建240t/h循环流化床锅炉，参见图1、图2、图3、图4和图5，该锅炉2个旋风分离器中心筒采用整体倾斜方式，旋风分离器渐缩入口烟道1的出口面积为入口面积的60％，炉膛排出的烟气经过加速后可以达到26m/s，渐缩入口烟道1安装有烟气均流凸台6，烟气均流凸台6突出部位的厚度为800mm，为降低磨损烟气均流凸台6由高强度耐火耐磨材料整体成型，整体倾斜中心筒5的筒体几何中心a与整体倾斜中心筒5的上表面垂直中心b之间的距离差e为150mm，整体倾斜中心筒5与气流方向存在夹角c为60°，整体倾斜中心筒5插入分离器的深度h是分离器筒体2高度H的20％，直径d是分离器筒体2直径D的45％，整体倾斜中心筒5采用耐热不锈钢整体铸造而成，耐热不锈钢材质为Cr25Ni20MoMnSiNRe，壁厚20mm。每隔800mm设置有一道中心筒加强筋7，共计4道，上述旋风分离器整体阻力为1.6kPa，分离效率99.85％。A newly built 240t/h circulating fluidized bed boiler, see Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the central cylinder of the two cyclone separators of the boiler adopts the overall inclined method, and the cyclone separator tapers the inlet flue 1 The exit area is 60% of the entrance area, and the flue gas discharged from the furnace can reach 26m/s after being accelerated. The thickness is 800mm. In order to reduce wear and tear, the flue gas equalizing boss 6 is integrally formed by high-strength refractory and wear-resistant materials. The distance difference e is 150mm, the angle c between the overall inclined central cylinder 5 and the airflow direction is 60°, the depth h of the overall inclined central cylinder 5 inserted into the separator is 20% of the height H of the separator cylinder 2, and the diameter d is the separator The cylinder body 2 is 45% of the diameter D, and the overall inclined central cylinder 5 is integrally cast by heat-resistant stainless steel. The material of the heat-resistant stainless steel is Cr25Ni20MoMnSiNRe, and the wall thickness is 20 mm. There is a central tube reinforcing rib 7 every 800mm, totally 4. The overall resistance of the above-mentioned cyclone separator is 1.6kPa, and the separation efficiency is 99.85%.
实施例2Example 2
某在役480t/h循环流化床锅炉，该锅炉2个旋风分离器中心筒采用常规设计。运行期间带负荷能力不足，锅炉出力一般仅为60％～75％，炉内灰浓度偏低，悬浮段压差仅为500Pa，不能有效调节床温，日常运行床温在1000℃左右，SO2排放浓度600mg/m3、NOX排放浓度400mg/m3，石灰石钙硫摩尔比高达5～6，分离器效率偏低，无法实现物料的有效循环，实测锅炉飞灰中位粒径为110μm，分离器阻力600Pa。For a 480t/h circulating fluidized bed boiler in service, the central cylinder of the two cyclone separators of the boiler adopts a conventional design. During operation, the load capacity is insufficient, the boiler output is generally only 60% to 75%, the ash concentration in the furnace is low, the pressure difference in the suspension section is only 500Pa, and the bed temperature cannot be effectively adjusted . The emission concentration is 600mg/m 3 , NO X emission concentration is 400mg/m 3 , the calcium-sulfur molar ratio of limestone is as high as 5-6, the efficiency of the separator is low, and the effective circulation of materials cannot be realized. The measured median particle size of boiler fly ash is 110μm, Separator resistance 600Pa.
参照图1、图2、图3、图4、图5，采用旋风分离器中心筒整体倾斜方式对锅炉旋风分离器中心筒进行了更换改造，整体倾斜中心筒5的筒体几何中心a与整体倾斜中心筒5的上表面垂直中心b之间的距离差e为100mm，整体倾斜中心筒5顶部固定方式为自由吊挂式固定，同时增加了600mm厚度的烟气均流凸台，整体倾斜中心筒5与气流方向存在夹角c为40°，整体倾斜中心筒5插入分离器的深度h是分离器筒体2高度H的15％，直径d是分离器筒体2直径D的40％，整体倾斜中心筒5采用耐热不锈钢整体铸造而成，耐热不锈钢材质为Cr25Ni20MoMnSiNRe，壁厚15mm。每隔1000mm设置有一道中心筒加强筋7，共计4道，通过上述改造，锅炉可以实现满负荷运行，悬浮段压差增加至1800Pa，日常运行床温降低至920℃左右，SO2排放浓度降低至120mg/m3、NOX排放浓度降低至160mg/m3，石灰石钙硫摩尔比降低至2.5～3.2，实测锅炉飞灰中位粒径为28μm，分离器阻力1.2kPa，分离效率为99.8％，运行状况和环保特性显著改善。Referring to Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, and Figure 5, the central cylinder of the boiler cyclone separator has been replaced and modified by adopting the overall tilting method of the central cylinder of the cyclone separator. The distance difference e between the vertical centers b on the upper surface of the inclined central cylinder 5 is 100mm, and the top of the overall inclined central cylinder 5 is fixed by free hanging, and a 600mm-thick flue gas equalizing boss is added at the same time, and the overall inclined center There is an angle c between the cylinder 5 and the airflow direction of 40°, the depth h of the overall inclined central cylinder 5 inserted into the separator is 15% of the height H of the separator cylinder 2, and the diameter d is 40% of the diameter D of the separator cylinder 2, The overall tilting center cylinder 5 is integrally cast by heat-resistant stainless steel, the heat-resistant stainless steel material is Cr25Ni20MoMnSiNRe, and the wall thickness is 15mm. There is a central tube reinforcing rib 7 every 1000mm, 4 in total. Through the above modification, the boiler can realize full-load operation, the pressure difference in the suspension section increases to 1800Pa, the bed temperature in daily operation decreases to about 920°C, and the SO 2 emission concentration decreases. to 120mg/m 3 , the NO X emission concentration is reduced to 160mg/m 3 , the calcium-sulfur molar ratio of limestone is reduced to 2.5-3.2, the measured median particle size of boiler fly ash is 28μm, the separator resistance is 1.2kPa, and the separation efficiency is 99.8% , significantly improved operating conditions and environmental characteristics.
实施例3Example 3
某新建720t/h循环流化床锅炉，参见图1、图2、图3、图4和图6，该锅炉3个旋风分离器中心筒采用整体倾斜方式，整体倾斜中心筒5顶部固定方式为自由吊挂式固定，和分离器筒体2之间为自由配合，热态时能够相对滑动，无膨胀死点，；旋风分离器渐缩入口烟道1的出口面积为入口面积的55％，炉膛排出的烟气经过加速后可以达到24m/s，渐缩入口烟道1安装有烟气均流凸台6，从图6上至下3个分离器烟气均流凸台6突出部位的厚度分别为600mm、800mm和600mm；为提高分离效率，3个分离器整体倾斜中心筒5的筒体几何中心a与整体倾斜中心筒5的上表面垂直中心b之间的距离差e均为80mm，但3个分离器整体倾斜中心筒5与气流方向夹角c分别为40°、60°和40°；整体倾斜中心筒5插入分离器的深度h是分离器筒体2高度H的25％，直径d是分离器筒体2直径D的40％；整体倾斜中心筒5采用Cr25Ni20MoMnSiNRe整体铸造而成，耐热不锈钢材质为，壁厚16mm，每隔800mm设置有一道中心筒加强筋7。上述旋风分离器整体阻力为1.8kPa，分离效率99.8％。For a newly built 720t/h circulating fluidized bed boiler, see Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4 and Figure 6, the central cylinders of the three cyclone separators of the boiler adopt an overall tilting method, and the top fixing method of the overall inclined central cylinder 5 is Free hanging fixed, free fit with the separator cylinder 2, relatively sliding in the hot state, no expansion dead point; the outlet area of the cyclone separator tapering inlet flue 1 is 55% of the inlet area, The flue gas discharged from the furnace can reach 24m/s after being accelerated, and the flue gas equalizing boss 6 is installed on the tapered inlet flue 1. From the top to the bottom of Fig. The thicknesses are 600mm, 800mm and 600mm respectively; in order to improve the separation efficiency, the distance difference e between the cylinder geometric center a of the overall inclined central cylinder 5 of the three separators and the vertical center b of the upper surface of the overall inclined central cylinder 5 is 80mm , but the included angles c between the overall inclined central cylinder 5 and the airflow direction of the three separators are 40°, 60° and 40° respectively; the depth h of the integrated inclined central cylinder 5 inserted into the separator is 25% of the height H of the separator cylinder 2 The diameter d is 40% of the diameter D of the separator cylinder 2; the overall inclined central cylinder 5 is integrally cast with Cr25Ni20MoMnSiNRe, made of heat-resistant stainless steel, with a wall thickness of 16mm, and a central cylinder reinforcing rib 7 is provided every 800mm. The overall resistance of the cyclone separator is 1.8kPa, and the separation efficiency is 99.8%.
实施例4Example 4
某新建1000t/h循环流化床锅炉，参见图1、图2、图3、图4和图7，该锅炉4个旋风分离器布置在炉膛两侧，旋风分离器中心筒采用整体倾斜方式，旋风分离器渐缩入口烟道1的出口面积为入口面积的50％，炉膛排出的烟气经过加速后可以达到25m/s，渐缩入口烟道1安装有烟气均流凸台6，4个分离器烟气均流凸台6突出部位的厚度均为900mm；4个分离器整体倾斜中心筒5的筒体几何中心a与整体倾斜中心筒5的上表面垂直中心b之间的距离差e均为110mm，且4个分离器整体倾斜中心筒5与气流方向夹角c同为45°；整体倾斜中心筒5采用Cr25Ni20MoMnSiNRe整体铸造而成，耐热不锈钢材质为，壁厚16mm，每隔900mm设置有一道中心筒加强筋7。上述旋风分离器整体阻力为1.4kPa，分离效率99.9％。For a newly built 1000t/h circulating fluidized bed boiler, see Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4 and Figure 7. The four cyclone separators of the boiler are arranged on both sides of the furnace, and the central cylinder of the cyclone separator adopts an overall inclined method. The outlet area of the tapered inlet flue 1 of the cyclone separator is 50% of the inlet area, and the flue gas discharged from the furnace can reach 25m/s after being accelerated. The tapered inlet flue 1 is equipped with flue gas equalizing bosses 6, 4 The thickness of the protruding parts of the flue gas equalizing boss 6 of each separator is 900mm; the distance difference between the cylinder geometric center a of the overall inclined central cylinder 5 of the four separators and the vertical center b of the upper surface of the overall inclined central cylinder 5 e are all 110mm, and the included angle c between the overall inclined central cylinder 5 of the four separators and the airflow direction is the same as 45°; the overall inclined central cylinder 5 is integrally cast by Cr25Ni20MoMnSiNRe, made of heat-resistant stainless steel, with a wall thickness of 16mm, and every 900mm is provided with a central tube reinforcing rib 7. The overall resistance of the cyclone separator is 1.4kPa, and the separation efficiency is 99.9%.
Claims (8)
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| CN106196025A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2016-12-07 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Annular furnace CFBB with many separators |
| CN106989386A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-07-28 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of depth presses down the CFBB of nitrogen minimum discharge |
| CN112923355A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-08 | 东南大学 | Cyclone separator without central cylinder and separation method |
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