CN104094815B - A kind of blueberry tree transplanting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for transplanting a blueberry tree; it comprises the steps of selecting a transplanted tree, cutting and accelerating the root, directional marking, tying the crown, taking the tree, planting the tree, managing after planting, pruning and retaining fruit, and protecting and cultivating steps; Beneficial effects of the invention: the present invention adopts modes such as targeted transplanting tree selection, root removal and root acceleration, directional marking, crown tying, tree picking, tree planting, post-planting management, pruning and fruit retention, and protective cultivation, etc., so that blueberry fruits can be produced The transplanting survival rate of the tree is over 99%, which solves the problem that fruiting blueberry trees cannot bear fruit in the year of transplanting, provides an effective way for fruiting blueberry trees to bear fruit before transplanting and after planting, and has practical production significance.

Description

A kind of blueberry tree transplanting method

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of fruit tree cultivation, and relates to a method for transplanting fruit trees, in particular to a method for transplanting blueberry trees.

Background technique

Blueberry (Blueberry) belongs to the Rhododendronaceae Vaccinium genus. It is a perennial shrub, bushy branch, and small berry tree species. It has unique effects such as anti-aging, anti-cancer, beauty, kidney, and eye protection. It is designated as one of the five health foods by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. First, it has great development potential and space. my country has vast areas suitable for blueberry planting and abundant labor resources. However, blueberry cultivation in my country started relatively late, and the blueberry industry itself and its technical system are not yet sound.

Blueberry is a plant with fibrous roots, no main root, shallow root system and no root hairs. The root system is mainly distributed in the shallow soil layer and extends outward to the middle of the rows. The root system is mainly distributed in the projection area of the crown, and the depth is mostly concentrated in the 5-25cm soil layer. When the blueberry root growth peak occurs, the soil temperature is 14°C and 18°C, respectively. When the temperature is lower than 8°C, the root growth almost stops.

The fruiting of blueberries after planting will be greatly affected by the size of the seedlings sooner or later. As a result, blueberry trees can achieve fruiting after planting years ago. In addition, blueberry winter shed or cold shed cultivation also needs to be planted years ago and then bear fruit to achieve rapid recovery of investment costs. Blueberries can be planted in March-April and October-November, but it is better to transplant fruit trees in October-November. At present, most of the blueberry trees are transplanted using the traditional transplanting method. After the blueberry trees are cut off, they are transplanted with soil clods at the root. There is no proper transplanting technique and method, which leads to the failure of the blueberry tree to bear fruit or the growth of the blueberry tree. Waiting for the phenomenon to die, cause the waste of manpower, material resources, time.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems, to provide a blueberry tree transplanting method, which adopts targeted transplanting tree selection, root removal and root prompting, directional marking, crown tying, tree taking, tree planting, post-planting management, pruning Models such as fruit retention and protected cultivation can make the transplanting survival rate of fruiting blueberry trees reach 99%, solve the problem that fruiting blueberry trees cannot bear fruit in the year they are transplanted, and provide an effective way for fruiting blueberry trees to bear fruit after planting years ago.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A kind of blueberry tree transplanting method, its steps are as follows:

1) Selection of transplanted trees

Choose good varieties, such as Qiushao, a crown of more than 1 meter, a strong tree body, and blueberry trees that bear fruit;

2) Root removal and root acceleration

From September to October, at a position 30cm away from the base of the blueberry tree, dig a ring ditch with a width of 15-20cm and a depth of 30cm. 500 times of liquid 100 million spores/g Trichoderma fungal agent mixed solution sprays the cut root of the root lump, and then backfills the ring ditch to fill up;

3) Orientation mark

Before moving the tree, mark the blueberry tree that is growing branches towards the south base, and ensure that the blueberry tree is still facing the south after transplanting, and the polarity is not disturbed;

4) tied crown

Tie the blueberries into bundles from the branched crown to prevent damage to the branches;

5) Take the tree

Complete before the soil temperature is lower than 5°C, dig out the filled soil, the diameter of the soil ball at the root of the dug blueberry tree is 50-60cm; dig out the blueberry tree, and then wrap the soil ball at the root of the blueberry tree with a straw rope;

6) Plant trees

It is necessary to improve the soil in advance, and then dig a hole to plant the tree. The size of the transplanted tree hole is not less than 60×60×40cm; after taking the tree, plant the blueberry tree in the planting hole within 1 to 3 days, and the marked blueberry tree faces The south-based branches should still face south, and water the planting water thoroughly after planting;

7) Management after planting

The blueberry tree needs to be watered every day on sunny days within 3 days after planting, and the secondary roots should be irrigated with 200 times liquid blueberry special transplanting solution, and then watered according to the degree of dryness and humidity of the soil and the climate;

8) Fruit pruning

Leave 0.5kg output per tree for pruning, select fruiting branches, and avoid too much fruit;

9) Conservation cultivation

Use cold sheds or greenhouses for protective cultivation to meet the requirements of cold protection and cooling capacity.

Step 7) the preparation method of described blueberry special-purpose transplanting liquid, comprises the steps:

(1) EM bacterial strain, brown sugar, rice vinegar, rice wine, and water are fermented and cultivated in a fermenter to obtain EM bacterial liquid;

(2) Mix EDTA-Fe, EDTA-Zn, boric acid, ammonium molybdate, and EM bacteria solution according to the mass ratio of 20.0︰2.0︰2.0︰0.1︰75.9, at 50～55℃, at a speed of 100 rpm Stir for 30-40 minutes to obtain a trace element solution;

(3) Glycine, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, inositol, niacin, and EM bacteria liquid are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1.0～2.0︰0.5～1.0︰0.2～0.4︰13.0～25.0︰2.0～5.0︰66.6～78.3, Stirring at a speed of 100 rpm for 20 to 30 minutes at 30 to 35°C to prepare a plant organic nutrient solution;

(4) Mix the EM bacterial liquid, trace element solution, and plant organic nutrient solution obtained in the previous steps according to the mass ratio of 95.0～98.0︰1.5～3.0︰0.5～2.0, at 30～35°C, at 100 rpm Stir at a rotating speed for 20 to 30 minutes, and filter to obtain a transplanting liquid.

The present invention adopts modes such as targeted transplanting tree selection, root cutting and root acceleration, directional marking, crown tying, tree picking, tree planting, post-planting management, pruning and fruit retention, and protective cultivation, etc., so that the transplanting of fruiting blueberry trees can survive. The rate is more than 99%, which solves the problem that fruiting blueberry trees cannot bear fruit in the year they are transplanted, provides an effective way for fruiting blueberry trees to bear fruit after planting years ago, and has practical production significance.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.

Example 1

In October 2012, at the Changqiangou blueberry base in Huangdao District, Qingdao, we selected 3,000 blueberry trees with autumn spruces, crowns over 1.1m, strong trees, and normal fruiting. 20cm wide, depth 25～30cm ring ditch, carry out root-cutting treatment to blueberry trees, cut off all lateral roots, mix with 500 times liquid concentration of 0.5% chitosan water and 500 times liquid 100 million spores/g Trichoderma inoculum Spray the broken roots of the root lumps with liquid, and then backfill the soil to fill up the ring ditch;

In late November 2012, tie the crown of the blueberry tree into a bunch with a rope, and mark the blueberry tree’s forward branch towards the south base; dig out the filled soil, and the diameter of the soil ball of the dug blueberry tree root is 50-60cm; dig out For the blueberry tree, wrap the soil ball at the root of the blueberry tree with a binding rope or a straw rope; transport it to the base for planting in the cold shed, the soil has been improved before planting, the ridges and pits have been dug, and the size of the pit for transplanting the tree (length, width, height) ) is not less than 60×60×40cm; after taking the tree, plant the blueberry tree in the planting hole within 2 days. It needs to be watered every day on sunny days within 3 days, and the secondary roots are irrigated with 200 times liquid blueberry special transplanting solution, and then watered according to the degree of dryness and humidity of the soil and the climate; pruning is carried out according to the yield of 0.3kg per tree, and the fruiting branches are selected.

Wherein, the preparation method of special transplanting solution for blueberries comprises the following steps:

(1) EM bacterial strain, brown sugar, rice vinegar, rice wine, and water are fermented and cultivated in a fermenter to obtain EM bacterial liquid;

(2) Mix EDTA-Fe, EDTA-Zn, boric acid, ammonium molybdate, and EM bacteria solution according to the mass ratio of 20.0︰2.0︰2.0︰0.1︰75.9, and stir at 100 rpm for 30 Minutes to obtain trace element solution;

(3) Mix glycine, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, inositol, niacin, and EM bacteria solution according to the mass ratio of 1.0︰0.5︰0.2︰13.0︰2.0︰66.6, at 35°C, at a speed of 100 rpm Stir for 20 minutes to obtain a plant organic nutrient solution;

(4) Mix the EM bacterial liquid, trace element solution, and plant organic nutrient solution obtained in the previous steps according to the mass ratio of 95.0: 1.5: 0.5, stir at 30°C for 30 minutes at a speed of 100 rpm, and filter. Prepare transplanting liquid.

In the first ten days of July 2012, the transplanting effect was investigated after the blueberry picking. The transplanting survival rate reached 99.2%, and the blueberry yield per plant was 0.35kg.

Example 2

In September 2012, 20,000 blueberry trees with autumn spruces, crowns over 1.1m, strong trees, and normal fruit were selected in Zangjiazhuang Blueberry Base, Huangdao District, Qingdao. They were dug 15-20cm wide at a position 30cm away from the base of the blueberry trees. , a ring ditch with a depth of 25 to 30 cm, carry out root removal treatment on blueberry trees, cut off all lateral roots, and spray with 500 times liquid concentration of 0.5% chitosan water and 500 times liquid 100 million spores/g Trichoderma agent mixture Sprinkle the broken root of the root lump, and then backfill the ring ditch;

In mid-November 2012, tie the crown of the blueberry tree into a bunch with a rope, and mark the blueberry tree’s forward branch towards the south base; dig out the filled soil, and the diameter of the soil ball of the dug blueberry tree root is 50-60cm; dig out For the blueberry tree, wrap the soil ball at the root of the blueberry tree with binding rope or straw rope; transport it to Fajiazhuang, Huangdao District, for planting blueberries in the winter shed. Before planting, the soil has been improved and the pits have been dug. The size of the tree transplanting hole (length, width and height) is not less than 60×60×40cm. Plant the blueberry tree in the planting hole within 1 day after the tree is taken. The marked blueberry tree is facing south. Irrigate the planting water thoroughly; water the blueberry tree within 3 days after planting, and irrigate the secondary roots with 300 times liquid blueberry special transplanting liquid, and then water according to the degree of soil dryness and humidity; pruning according to the yield of 0.5kg per tree, select and keep fruiting branches.

The preparation method of special transplanting liquid for blueberry comprises the steps:

(1) EM bacterial strain, brown sugar, rice vinegar, rice wine, and water are fermented and cultivated in a fermenter to obtain EM bacterial liquid;

(2) Mix EDTA-Fe, EDTA-Zn, boric acid, ammonium molybdate, and EM bacteria solution according to the mass ratio of 20.0︰2.0︰2.0︰0.1︰75.9, and stir at 50°C at 100 rpm for 40 Minutes to obtain trace element solution;

(3) Mix glycine, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, inositol, niacin, and EM bacteria solution according to the mass ratio of 2.0︰1.0︰0.4︰25.0︰5.0︰78.3, at 30°C, at a speed of 100 rpm Stir for 30 minutes to obtain a plant organic nutrient solution;

(4) Mix the EM bacterial liquid, trace element solution, and plant organic nutrient solution obtained in the previous steps according to the mass ratio of 98.0: 3.0: 2.0, stir at 35°C for 20 minutes at a speed of 100 rpm, and filter. Prepare transplanting liquid.

In the first ten days of July 2013, the transplanting effect was investigated after the blueberry picking. The transplanting survival rate reached 99.5%, and the blueberry yield per plant was 0.42kg.

Embodiment Three

In September 2013, in blueberry bases such as Dingjiazhai, Huangdao District, Qingdao, we selected 30,000 blueberry trees with autumn sprigs, crowns over 1.2m, strong trees, and normal fruiting. 15-20cm wide, depth 25-30cm ring ditch, carry out root-cutting treatment to blueberry trees, cut off all the lateral roots, use 500 times liquid concentration of 0.5% chitosan water and 500 times liquid 100 million spores/g Trichoderma Spray the broken root of the root lump with the mixed solution of the agent, and then backfill the soil to fill up the ring ditch;

In the first ten days of November 2013, the crown of the blueberry tree was tied into a bunch with a rope, and the blueberry tree was marked on the southward branch; dig out the filled soil, and the diameter of the dug blueberry root soil ball is 50-60cm; dig out For the blueberry tree, wrap the soil ball at the root of the blueberry tree with binding rope or straw rope; transport it to the blueberry demonstration garden for planting in the winter greenhouse. Before planting, the soil has been improved and the ridges have been dug. The size of the tree transplanting hole (length, width and height) is not less than 60×60×40cm. Plant the blueberry tree in the planting hole within 3 days after the tree is taken. The marked blueberry tree is facing south. Irrigate the planting water thoroughly; water the blueberry tree within 3 days after planting, and use 250 times liquid blueberry special transplanting liquid to irrigate the secondary roots, and then water according to the degree of soil dryness and humidity; pruning according to the yield of 0.5kg per tree, select and keep fruiting branches.

Wherein, the preparation method of special transplanting solution for blueberries comprises the following steps:

(1) EM bacterial strain, brown sugar, rice vinegar, rice wine, and water are fermented and cultivated in a fermenter to obtain EM bacterial liquid;

(2) Mix EDTA-Fe, EDTA-Zn, boric acid, ammonium molybdate, and EM bacterial solution according to the mass ratio of 20.0︰2.0︰2.0︰0.1︰75.9, and stir at 52°C at a speed of 100 rpm for 35 Minutes to obtain trace element solution;

(3) Mix glycine, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, inositol, niacin, and EM bacteria solution according to the mass ratio of 1.5︰0.8︰0.3︰18.0︰305︰72.4, at 33°C, at a speed of 100 rpm Stir for 25 minutes to obtain a plant organic nutrient solution;

(4) Mix the EM bacterial liquid, trace element solution, and plant organic nutrient solution obtained in the previous steps according to the mass ratio of 96.5: 2.3: 1.2, stir at 33°C for 25 minutes at a speed of 100 rpm, and filter. Prepare transplanting liquid.

In June 2014, after the blueberries were picked, the transplanting effect was checked, and all survived. The transplanting survival rate reached 100%, and the blueberry output per plant was 0.51kg.

Although the specific implementation of the present invention has been described above, it is not a limitation to the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention, those skilled in the art can do it without creative work. Various modifications or deformations are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. a blueberry tree transplanting method, it is characterized in that, its step is as follows:

1) selection of tree is transplanted

Select to have the autumn slightly, the blueberry of more than 1 meter, tree crown, result sets;

2) be completely cured and urge root

In 9 ~ October, base portion 30 ~ 35cm place is being set apart from blueberry, dig that 15 ~ 20cm is wide, the circular groove of the degree of depth 25 ~ 30cm, cutting lateral root is carried out to blueberry tree, side root is all cut off, be that the chitosan aqua of 0.5% and the 100000000 gemma/g trichoderma mixed liquor spray root of 500 times of liquid stick together place of being completely cured by 500 times of liquid concentration, then circular groove filled and led up;

3) leading mark

Before moving tree, mark blueberry sets the raw branch of base just to the south;

4) hat is tied up

Blueberry is tied up fasciculation from dendritic tree crown;

5) tree is got

Dig out the soil inserted, dig blueberry tree root native bulb diameter be 50 ~ 60cm; Dig out blueberry tree, encase the native ball of blueberry usage tree root;

6) plant trees

Ahead of time that soil melioration is good, then ridging is digged pit and is planted trees, and transplants tree well size and is not less than 60 × 60 × 40cm; Be planted in kind of plant hole by blueberry tree in 1 ~ 3 day after getting tree, the raw branch of the base just to the south of the blueberry tree through mark to due south, will irrigate field planting water after cultivation;

7) management after planting

Blueberry tree is planted in latter 3 days and waters, and fills with secondary roots with 200 ~ 300 times of special transplanting liquid of liquid blueberry, waters according to soil Moisture and weather later;

8) fruit is stayed to prune

0.3 ~ 0.5kg output is stayed to prune by often setting, fruit bearing shoot of selecting and remain;

9) conserving culture

Utilize cold canopy or brooder to carry out protectiveness cultivation, meet cold-proof and chilling requirement requirement;

Step 7) described in the preparation method of the special transplanting liquid of blueberry, comprise the steps:

(1) by EM bacterial classification, brown sugar, rice vinegar, rice wine, water at fermentation tank through fermented and cultured, obtain EM bacterium liquid;

(2) be that 20.0 ︰ 2.0 ︰ 2.0 ︰ 0.1 ︰ 75.9 mix by EDTA-Fe, EDTA-Zn, boric acid, ammonium molybdate, EM bacterium liquid according to mass ratio, at 50 ~ 55 DEG C, stir 30 ~ 40 minutes with the rotating speed of 100 revs/min, obtain trace element solution;

(3) be that 1.0 ~ 2.0 ︰ 0.5 ~ 1.0 ︰ 0.2 ~ 0.4 ︰ 13.0 ~ 25.0 ︰ 2.0 ~ 5.0 ︰ 66.6 ~ 78.3 mix by glycine, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, inositol, nicotinic acid, EM bacterium liquid according to mass ratio, at 30 ~ 35 DEG C, stir 20 ~ 30 minutes with the rotating speed of 100 revs/min, obtained organic nutrition of plant solution;

(4) EM bacterium liquid preceding step obtained, trace element solution, organic nutrition of plant solution are that 95.0 ~ 98.0 ︰ 1.5 ~ 3.0 ︰ 0.5 ~ 2.0 mix according to mass ratio, at 30 ~ 35 DEG C, stir 20 ~ 30 minutes with the rotating speed of 100 revs/min, after filtration, obtained transplanting liquid.

2. a kind of blueberry tree transplanting method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, step 5) described in get tree, complete before soil temperature is lower than 5 DEG C.