CN104089360B - Automatic smoke exhaust device for large-space building catching fire - Google Patents

Abstract

An automatic fire smoke exhaust device for a large-space building. Several vertical smoke exhaust pipes are set on the top ceiling of the large-space building. Smoke exhaust fans are coaxially installed in the smoke exhaust pipes. The mouth of the smoke exhaust pipes is covered with a protective cover. A circle of flexible curtain tube is arranged along the circumferential direction under the smoke pipe, and its upper end is fixed on the ceiling. Several drawstrings are arranged symmetrically on the curtain tube. On the rollers, the fire detectors installed in the large-space building are connected to the fire alarm host in the fire control center through the alarm signal line, and the fire alarm host sends the signal to the control unit of the fire automatic smoke exhaust device, and the control unit is connected to the emergency power supply through the control line , the control unit is equipped with an audible and visual alarm. When a fire occurs, the device can lower the mantle tube to the smoke accumulation layer for smoke exhaust, which greatly improves the smoke exhaust effect, effectively slows down the speed of smoke diffusion, and is beneficial to the control of early smoke in the fire.

Description

A Fire Automatic Smoke Exhaust Device for Large-Space Buildings

technical field

The invention relates to the field of building fire protection, in particular to a smoke exhaust structure for a large-space building.

Background technique

According to fire statistics, smoke is the main cause of death in building fires. The proportion of people dying from smoke is relatively large, up to 80%. Most of the people who were burned to death were poisoned and fainted first. Burnt to death. Among the number of people who died in the fire, most of them died because of the suffocation reaction caused by the thick smoke. It is a necessary condition to reduce fire mortality by adopting the fastest and most effective smoke exhaust in the early stage of a fire in order to maintain the largest and longest escape space and passage in the fire scene.

According to fire protection regulations, waiting areas of public transportation such as subways, airports, and railway stations, as well as large shopping malls, cinemas, and indoor entertainment venues should be equipped with fire and smoke exhaust devices. However, after a fire occurs in these large-space buildings, due to the high building height, after the smoke rises to a certain height, the buoyancy caused by the temperature difference between the smoke and the ambient air disappears at a certain height and turns negative, causing the smoke to stop rising. The horizontal expansion makes the smoke exhaust device on the top of the building unable to effectively exhaust smoke, and the smoke exhaust effect is not ideal. There are problems such as poor smoke suppression effect in the early stage of fire and low overall smoke exhaust efficiency.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a fire automatic smoke exhaust device for large-space buildings, which can intelligently lower the smoke exhaust duct according to the height of the smoke accumulation layer, implement effective smoke exhaust, and slow down the speed of smoke diffusion , to control the rapid spread of smoke in the fire scene, which is conducive to the control of early smoke in the fire.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

An automatic fire smoke exhaust device for a large space building, characterized in that:

On the top ceiling of the large-space building, several vertical smoke exhaust pipes are arranged at intervals, and smoke exhaust fans are coaxially installed in the smoke exhaust pipes, and the upper end of the smoke exhaust pipes is exposed on the roof of the large-space building. Covered with a chimney-shaped shield, the lower end of which is exposed on the ceiling,

A circle of flexible mantle tube is arranged in the circumferential direction under the smoke exhaust pipe. The upper and lower ends of the mantle tube are both open ends, and the diameter of the upper end is smaller than the diameter of the lower end. The upper end is fixed on the ceiling.

Several drawstrings are arranged symmetrically on the mantle tube. The lower end of the drawstring is fixed on the lower end of the mantle tube, and the upper end is wound tightly on the roller driven by the motor. The projection of the drawstring on the horizontal plane coincides with the radial direction of the mantle tube.

The motor and rollers are fixed on the ceiling outside the lower end of the smoke exhaust pipe. Two power supplies are arranged on the motor, one is the main power supply of the large-space building, and the other is the emergency power supply. The motor, rollers, emergency power supply and power supply lines are installed in a sealed Inside the fireproof box, the drawstring moves out of the fireproof box,

A number of fire detectors are arranged in the large space building,

The fire detector is connected to the fire alarm host in the fire control center through the alarm signal line, and the fire alarm host sends the signal to the control unit of the fire automatic smoke exhaust device, and the control unit is connected to the emergency power supply and the main power supply through the control line. Audible alarm,

The exposed surfaces of the above-mentioned smoke exhaust pipes, exhaust fans, protective covers, mantle tubes, drawstrings, fireproof boxes, and fire detectors are not affected by high-temperature smoke flow, and will not cause harm to personnel or contribute to fire hazards in the fire scene. Fire-resistant non-combustible materials or flame-retardant materials,

The fire automatic smoke exhaust device has two working states: smoke exhaust state and monitoring state:

In the monitoring state, the fire detector is turned on for monitoring, the control unit starts the main power supply to supply power to the motor, the roller winds the drawstring tightly, lifts the lower end of the mantle tube, and the mantle tube is rolled up into a circle and tightly attached to the ceiling;

In the smoke exhaust state, a fire point appears at a certain position or some positions in the large-space building, and the fire detector near the fire point sends a fire alarm signal to the fire alarm host to feedback the position of the fire point, and the fire alarm host sends the fire alarm signal To the control unit, the control unit activates the sound and light alarm to send an alarm, and at the same time activates the main power supply or emergency power supply corresponding to the mantle tube near the fire point to supply power to the motor, and the rollers to set off the wires, and lower the lower end of the mantle tube to the height of the smoke accumulation area. The mantle tube is in the shape of a tapered tube, and the smoke exhaust fan is activated to force the smoke out of the large space building through the mantle tube, the smoke exhaust pipe and the protective cover.

The device is installed on the top of a large-space building. When a fire occurs, the control unit will control the motor and drive the rollers to lower the mantle tube near the fire point to the smoke accumulation layer after the control unit receives the alarm signal from the fire alarm host, and then start the exhaust. The smoke fan implements forced smoke exhaust. When the fire situation is different, the height of the smoke accumulation layer may be different, so the lowering height of the mantle tube is adjustable, and the control unit intelligently judges the height of the smoke accumulation layer through the alarm signal, so as to control the length of the drawstring. Make the opening at the lower end of the mantle tube just located in the smoke accumulation layer.

The fire-proof box is fixed on the ceiling around the smoke exhaust pipe through the bolts on the top, and the motor, rollers, emergency power supply and power supply lines are installed in the fire-proof box to prevent it from being burned by high-temperature smoke.

The drawstrings are symmetrically arranged, generally 2 to 4, and multiple drawstrings are synchronously rolled up or lowered down the curtain tube, so that the overall curtain tube is in the state of being retracted or lowered, and the uneven retraction and unwinding of the curtain tube is avoided. The projection of the drawstring on the horizontal plane coincides with the radial direction of the drapery tube, which is the most labor-saving and easy-to-draw layout structure.

The motor is equipped with two power sources, considering that in the event of a fire, the main power supply in the large-space building may be cut off at any time. After the main power supply is cut off, the emergency power supply starts to supply power to the motor, thereby fixing the curtain tube at a suitable height.

The structure of the protective cover is similar to that of a chimney, with a conical cap on the top. The cap is installed on the cylindrical cover body through the vertical support columns arranged at intervals. The smoke can be discharged from the gap between the support columns, and at the same time it can Prevent external rainwater, dirt, etc. from entering the large-space building through the smoke exhaust pipe to cause pollution, thereby protecting the smoke exhaust pipe opening exposed on the roof.

Further, in order to ensure a better effect of forced smoke exhaust, the configuration ratio of the smoke exhaust pipe to the large-space building is as follows _: one smoke exhaust pipe is configured for every 500m2 building area, the diameter of the smoke exhaust pipe is 1.5m, and the smoke exhaust pipe has a diameter of 1.5m. The smoke exhaust volume of the pipe is calculated according to the following specifications:

According to Article 8.4.1.3 of the "Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings (50045-95)", "atriums that do not have natural smoke exhaust conditions or have a clearance height exceeding 12m should be equipped with mechanical smoke exhaust facilities." The calculation of the atrium smoke exhaust volume, According to Article 8.4.2.3 of the "High Regulations", "When the volume of the atrium is less than or equal to 17000m3, the smoke exhaust volume is calculated according to the volume of 6 air changes per hour _; when the volume of the atrium is greater _than 17000m3, the smoke exhaust volume is calculated according to its The calculation is based on the volume of 4 air changes per hour, but the minimum smoke exhaust volume should not be less than 102000m ₃ /h".

Furthermore, after the mantle tube is lowered, it is in the shape of a cone, an ellipse, or a pyramid. In order to expand the smoke inlet caliber of the entire exhaust pipe, the smaller the taper angle α between the conical surface of the mantle tube and the horizontal plane, the better. At the same time, in order to take into account the lowering height of the mantle tube, the value range of α is generally 30°～ 85°.

Still further, the mantle tube is a glass fiber cloth mantle tube, and its double-sided surfaces are covered with a polyurethane coating. Glass fiber cloth is soft, light in weight, easy to roll, and can withstand high temperature. It is an ideal material for making mantle tubes. Polyurethane has low thermal conductivity, excellent stability with respect to temperature changes, and fire resistance. .

In addition, the mantle tube can also be made of other materials with similar properties.

Still further, the side wall of the fireproof box is galvanized steel plate with a thickness of more than 2mm, and the drawstring is a steel wire rope, which is durable, fireproof and smokeproof, and relatively low in cost.

Furthermore, the emergency power supply is equipped with exposed LED signal lights and buzzer alarm bells, and it is cheap to observe and understand the working conditions and remaining power of the emergency power supply.

Furthermore, the alarm signal line and the control line are wired fireproof lines or wireless lines to prevent burning and damage by high-temperature smoke.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. It can be used for forced smoke exhaust in the case of smoke accumulation in large-space buildings and cannot be effectively exhausted, which greatly improves the smoke exhaust effect and is beneficial to the early smoke control in the fire;

2. It can effectively slow down the speed of smoke diffusion and control the rapid spread of smoke in the fire scene;

3. The drapery tube usually does not occupy the interior space of large-space buildings, and is quickly lowered for use when needed. It has a simple structure and good reliability, and is convenient for popularization and application in large-space buildings.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the front view of the device in the monitoring state

Figure 2 is a schematic front view of the device in the smoke exhaust state

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection of the device

In Figures 1-2: 1 is the smoke exhaust pipe, 2 is the ceiling, 3 is the smoke exhaust fan, 4 is the protective cover, 5 is the curtain tube, 6 is the drawstring, 7 is the motor, 8 is the roller, and 9 is the fireproof box body.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

On the top ceiling 2 of the large-space building, several vertical smoke exhaust pipes 1 are arranged at intervals, and the smoke exhaust fan 3 is coaxially installed in the smoke exhaust pipe 1, and the upper end of the smoke exhaust pipe 1 is exposed on the roof of the large-space building. , a chimney-shaped protective cover 4 is covered above it, and the lower end is exposed on the ceiling 2.

A circle of flexible mantle tube 5 is arranged in the circumferential direction under the smoke exhaust pipe 1. The upper and lower ends of the mantle tube 5 are both open ends, and the diameter of the upper end is smaller than the diameter of the lower end. The upper end is fixedly installed on the ceiling 2. Tube 5 is a glass fiber cloth mantle tube covered with a polyurethane coating on its double-sided surfaces.

Two drawstrings 6 are symmetrically arranged on the curtain tube 5, the lower end of the drawstring 6 is fixed on the lower end of the curtain tube 5, and the upper end is wound tightly on the roller 8 driven by the motor 7. The projection of the drawstring 6 on the horizontal plane is consistent with the curtain The radial direction of the barrel 5 coincides.

The motor 7 and the roller 8 are fixed on the ceiling 2 outside the lower end of the smoke exhaust pipe 1. The motor 7 is equipped with two power supplies, one is the main power supply of the large space building, and the other is the emergency power supply. The motor 7, the roller 8, and the emergency power supply And power supply circuit is installed in the sealed fireproof casing 9, and the emergency power supply is configured with exposed LED signal lamps and alarm bells, and the drawstring 6 is moved out from the fireproof casing 9. Wherein, the side wall of the fireproof box 9 is a galvanized steel plate with a thickness of more than 2mm, and the drawstring 6 is a steel wire rope.

A number of fire detectors are arranged in the large space building, and the fire detectors are connected to the fire alarm host in the fire control center through the alarm signal line, and the fire alarm host transmits the signal to the control unit of the fire automatic smoke exhaust device, and the control unit The emergency power supply and the main power supply are connected through the control line. The control unit is equipped with an audible and visual alarm. The alarm signal line and the control line are wired fireproof lines or wireless lines, as shown in Figure 3.

Smoke exhaust pipe 1, smoke exhaust fan 3, protective cover 4, cloth mantle tube 5, draw rope 6, fireproof box 9, and the exposed surface of fire detectors are all made of materials that will not be affected by high-temperature smoke flow, and will not be affected by high-temperature smoke in the fire scene. It is made of fire-resistant and non-combustible materials or difficult-to-combustible materials that cause personal hazards or contribute to fire.

The fire automatic smoke exhaust device includes two working states: smoke exhaust state and monitoring state:

As shown in Figure 1, in the monitoring state, the fire detector starts monitoring, the control unit starts the main power supply to supply power to the motor 7, the roller 8 winds the draw rope 6 tightly, lifts the lower end of the mantle tube 5, and the mantle tube 5 is rolled up Clinging to the ceiling 2 in a circle;

As shown in Figure 2, when the smoke is exhausted, a fire point appears in a certain position or several positions in the large-space building, and the fire detector near the fire point sends a fire alarm signal to the fire alarm host to feed back the position of the fire point, and the fire The alarm host transmits fire alarm information to the control unit, and the control unit activates the sound and light alarm to issue an alarm, and at the same time preferentially activates the main power supply corresponding to the mantle tube 5 near the ignition point to supply power to the motor 7. If the main power supply has been cut off at this time, the control unit Start the emergency power supply to supply power to the motor 7, put the wires on the roller 8, and lower the lower end of the mantle tube 5 to the smoke accumulation layer above the ignition point. The maximum angle of α is 85°, and the smoke exhaust fan 3 starts to force the smoke out of the large space building through the mantle tube 5, the smoke exhaust pipe 1 and the protective cover 4.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of volumed space building fire automatic fume exhauster it is characterised in that：

Open up several vertical smoke discharging pipes (1), smoke discharging pipe at the upper interval of the top ceiling (2) of described volumed space building (1) it is co-axially mounted smoke exhaust fan (3) in, the upper end of smoke discharging pipe (1) is exposed on the roof of described volumed space building, above it Cover the protective cover (4) of a chimney, lower end is exposed on ceiling (2), circumferentially configures one below smoke discharging pipe (1) Circle flexible cloth curtain cylinder (5), cloth curtain cylinder (5) upper/lower terminal is opening, and upper end diameter is less than lower end diameter, and its upper end is solid Dingan County is contained on ceiling (2), the upper some draw-strings (6) of balanced configuration of cloth curtain cylinder (5), and draw-string (6) lower end is fixed on cloth curtain cylinder (5) lower end, upper end is taken up on the roller (8) being driven by motor (7), draw-string (6) projection in the horizontal plane and cloth curtain cylinder (5) Radial direction overlap, motor (7) and roller (8) are fixed on the ceiling (2) of smoke discharging pipe (1) lower end outside, and motor is joined on (7) Put two-way power supply, a road is the main power source of described volumed space building, a road is Emergency Power, motor (7), roller (8), promptly electricity Source and supply line are arranged in the fireproof box (9) of sealing, and draw-string (6) activity from fireproof box (9) passes, described big Some fire detectors are configured, fire detector connects disappearing in fire protection control center by alarm signal circuit in space buildings Anti- alarm host machine, signal is passed to the control unit of described fire automatic fume exhauster by fire protection warning main frame, and control unit is passed through Control circuit connects Emergency Power and main power source, and control unit configures audible-visual annunciator, above-mentioned smoke discharging pipe (1), Smoke Machine (3), protective cover (4), cloth curtain cylinder (5), draw-string (6), fireproof box (9), exposed face all employings of fire detector will not be subject to High-temperature flue gas affect, and do not result in personnel's harm or the fire prevention incombustible material or the incombustibe material that encourage the intensity of a fire in the scene of a fire Material is made, and described fire automatic fume exhauster has smoke evacuation state and two working conditions of monitored state：During monitored state, fire Detector opens monitoring, and control unit starts main power source and draw-string (6) taken up by motor (7) power supply, roller (8), by cloth curtain cylinder (5) carry on lower end, cloth curtain cylinder (5) harvest cast is close on ceiling (2)；During smoke evacuation state, in described volumed space building Certain position or certain several position ignition point occurs, the fire detector near ignition point pass through fire protection warning main frame to control Unit processed sends fire alarm signal, and the position of feedback ignition point and flue gas assemble layer height, and control unit starts sound and light alarm Device sends alarm, starts the corresponding main power source of cloth curtain cylinder (5) near ignition point simultaneously or Emergency Power supplies to motor (7) Electricity, roller (8) unwrapping wire, cloth curtain cylinder (5) lower end are transferred at the flue gas Guinier-Preston zone to above ignition point, cloth curtain cylinder (5) is tapered Tubular, smoke exhaust fan (3) starts, and smog is expelled to described by cloth curtain cylinder (5), smoke discharging pipe (1) and protective cover (4) pressure Outside volumed space building.

2. volumed space building according to claim 1 fire automatic fume exhauster it is characterised in that：Described smoke discharging pipe (1) with the allocation ratio of volumed space building it is：The construction area of every 500m2 configures a smoke discharging pipe (1), smoke discharging pipe (1) A diameter of 1.5m.

3. volumed space building according to claim 1 fire automatic fume exhauster it is characterised in that：Described draw-string (6) For 2～4.

4. volumed space building according to claim 1 fire automatic fume exhauster it is characterised in that：Described cloth curtain cylinder (5) it is in taper barrel, oval cone barrel or pyramid tubular after transferring, the cloth curtain cylinder conical surface is 30 °～85 ° with the angle α of horizontal plane.

5. volumed space building according to claim 1 fire automatic fume exhauster it is characterised in that：Described fireproof box (9) side wall is the galvanized steel plain sheet of more than thickness 2mm, and described draw-string (6) is steel wire rope.

6. volumed space building according to claim 1 fire automatic fume exhauster it is characterised in that：Described Emergency Power LED signal lamp and alarm bell that upper configuration exposes.

7. volumed space building according to claim 1 fire automatic fume exhauster it is characterised in that：Described alarm signal Circuit and control circuit are wired fire prevention circuit or radiolink.