CN104083197B - mandibular condyle reduction spreader - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a medical instrument for dental surgery, in particular to a mandibular condyle reduction dilator. The cheek-arch fracture-free fracture-setting mechanism comprises a lower supporting closing part corresponding to a human lower jaw incisal track; the upper end of the lower support front rod and the lower end of the upper support front rod are hinged on the front hinge shaft, the upper end of the lower support rear rod and the lower end of the upper support rear rod are hinged on the rear hinge shaft, and the front hinge shaft and the rear hinge shaft are both arranged on the middle shaft. The spreader has the advantages of compact structure, convenient use, little pain of patients, reasonable stress, difficult mechanical deformation or breakage in use and suitability for different individual differences.

Description

mandibular condyle reduction spreader

technical field

The invention relates to a medical instrument used in dental operations, in particular to a mandibular condyle reset spreader.

Background technique

There are two protrusions at the end of the mandibular branch of the mandible. The one located at the rear is called the condyle, which consists of the enlarged mandibular head at the upper end and the mandibular neck below the head. The mandibular condyle is elliptical, with a long inner and outer diameter and a short anteroposterior diameter. In lateral view, a transverse crest divides the top of the condyle into two oblique planes. The anterior slope is small, which is the functional surface, and is the load-bearing area of the joint; the mandibular condyle is a prone area for jaw fractures, which can be caused by direct impact on the condyle, or can be caused by trauma to the chin or body of the mandible. Indirect fractures caused by blows are easily missed clinically. The mandibular condyle is the weakest part of the mandible, so it is a predilection site for mandibular fractures. Since the condyle is an important part of the temporomandibular joint and has special physiological functions, when the condyle is fractured, it will inevitably affect the temporomandibular joint and occlusal function, and it will have a significant impact on the growth and development of the mandible and face in children . At present, the treatment of condyle fractures is mainly divided into two categories, one is non-surgical treatment using intermaxillary traction reduction and fixation, that is, conservative treatment, and the other is surgical treatment with open reduction and fixation under direct vision. Over the years, there has been some controversy over which of the two methods is better, but in general, conservative treatment has always been the mainstream in the treatment of condylar fractures. Conservative treatment is not to perform surgery to expose the broken end of the fracture, but to place dental arch splints on the upper and lower dentition, and place a 2~3mm rubber pad on the early contact molars, and fix it in the centric occlusal position through intermaxillary traction. The ascending ramus of the mandible is moved downward, and the broken end of the upper part of the ramus is restored and fixed in a normal position, allowing the fractured condyle and ascending ramus to heal at this position and complete the bone connection again. Chinese patent 2012100319709 discloses a "mandibular condylar fracture reduction spreader", which has two clamp handles connected by cross hinges. When the force is applied to the holding part, the holding part is stretched through the leverage of the hinge, so as to stretch the mandible and zygomatic arch, reveal the joint space, and facilitate the operation. But this kind of spreader is bulky and inconvenient to operate. During the operation, the front end is located in the patient's oral cavity, and the rear end is located outside the oral cavity, which hinders the operation and causes more pain for the patient; The brace part is close to the inner wall of the patient's side of the cheek during use, which is inconvenient to operate; in addition, it is difficult to control the force of the lever operation, and the brace part is easy to bend and deform if there is a slight carelessness; in addition, the upper brace part and the lower brace part The included angle is fixed, which cannot adapt to the individual differences of patients and affects the accuracy of distraction.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a mandibular condyle reduction spreader with compact structure, convenient use, less pain for patients, reasonable force and adaptable to individual differences.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: the mandibular condyle reduction spreader includes a lower brace part corresponding to the mandibular notch of the human body, and an upper brace part corresponding to the zygomatic arch corresponding to the mandibular notch of the human body. The two ends of the lower support part are respectively hinged with the lower support front bar and the lower support rear bar, and the two ends of the upper support part are respectively hinged with the upper support front bar and the upper support rear bar; the lower support The upper end of the front rod and the lower end of the upper support front rod are hinged on the front hinge shaft, the upper end of the lower support rear rod and the lower end of the upper support rear rod are hinged on the rear hinge shaft, and the front hinge shaft and the rear hinge shaft are both Installed on the center shaft.

The middle section of the central shaft is provided with external threads, and at least one of the front hinge shaft and the rear hinge shaft is sleeved on the central shaft through threads.

The outer surface of the central shaft is provided with external threads and spline grooves, the front hinge shaft and the rear hinge shaft are both set on the central shaft through the spline grooves, the central shaft is fitted with nuts through external threads, and the tubular nut sleeve can slide The ground sleeve is mounted on the nut, and the outer surface of the nut is provided with a worm gear. There is a gap between the nut sleeve and the nut. A worm is installed through the nut sleeve, and the polished rod sections at both ends of the worm are slidingly installed on On the tube wall of the nut sleeve, the worm is located in the middle section of the inner cavity of the nut sleeve and engages with the nut through the cooperation of the worm gear and worm.

The upper brace part is in the shape of an upward convex arc, the lower brace part is in the shape of a concave arc, and a protruding part is provided under the front end of the lower brace part.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: compact structure, all located in the patient's mouth when in use, easy to use, less pain for the patient, adopting screw or worm gear drive structure, reasonable force, not easy to be mechanically deformed or broken during use, , The angle and shape of the lower brace joint can be automatically adjusted according to the stress situation, and can adapt to individual differences.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the embodiment in FIG. 1 .

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the cooperation of the worm gear and the worm in the embodiment of Fig. 3 .

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an enlarged structure of a nut nut sleeve.

detailed description

As shown in FIG. 1 , the mandibular condyle reduction spreader according to the present invention includes a lower brace part 1 corresponding to the mandibular notch of the human body, and an upper brace part 2 coincident with the zygomatic arch corresponding to the mandibular notch of the human body. The two ends of the lower brace part 1 are respectively hinged with the lower brace front rod 3 and the lower brace rear rod 4, and the two ends of the upper brace part 2 are respectively hinged with the upper brace front rod 5 and the upper brace rear rod 6; The upper end of the lower support front bar 3 and the lower end of the upper support front bar 5 are hinged on the front hinge shaft 7, the upper end of the lower support rear bar 4 and the lower end of the upper support rear bar 6 are hinged on the rear hinge shaft 8, Both the front hinge shaft 7 and the rear hinge shaft 8 are installed on the central shaft 9 . As shown in Figure 2, a radial through hole is provided on the front hinge shaft 7 and the rear hinge shaft 8, the central axis 9 is inserted in the radial through hole, and the ends of each support rod are set on the front hinge shaft through a collar device. On the shaft 7 or the rear hinge shaft 8, each support rod can rotate around the front hinge shaft 7 or the rear hinge shaft 8, and the front hinge shaft 7 or the rear hinge shaft 8 can move axially on the central axis 9 again. When the front hinge shaft 7 or the rear hinge shaft 8 moves on the central shaft 9, the distance between the upper brace part 2 and the lower brace part 1 can be changed by changing the distance between the front hinge shaft 7 and the rear hinge shaft 8 , that is, to change the height of mandibular distraction.

As shown in the embodiment of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the middle section of the central shaft 9 is provided with an external thread, at least one of the front hinge shaft 7 and the rear hinge shaft 8 is threaded on the central shaft 9, and the other is sleeved on the central shaft 9 The upper polished rod section, and there are snap rings on both sides, so that the hinge shaft installed on the polished rod section can only rotate but cannot move axially. For ease of operation, an operating handle 14 can be set at one end of the central axis 9, and the operating handle 14 is a reduced handwheel shape with spokes. During operation, the operating handle 14 is clamped by surgical forceps to rotate the central axis 9, so that the front One of the hinge shaft 7 and the rear hinge shaft 8 moves axially to change the distance between the two. Of course, the operating handle 14 can also be directly moved by hand.

As shown in the embodiment of Figure 3 and Figure 4, the outer surface of the central shaft 9 is provided with external threads and spline grooves, and the front hinge shaft 7 and the rear hinge shaft 8 are all sleeved on the central shaft 9 through the spline grooves, and the front hinge shaft 7 and the rear hinge shaft 8 have protruding splines in the through holes, and the splines are snapped into the spline grooves, so that the front hinge shaft 7 and the rear hinge shaft 8 can only move axially on the central shaft 9, Can't turn. A nut 10 is sleeved on the central shaft 9 through an external thread, so that the nut 10 can rotate and advance on the central shaft 9 . A tubular nut sleeve 11 is slidably set on the nut 10, the outer surface of the nut 10 is provided with a worm gear, there is a gap between the nut sleeve 11 and the nut 10, and the nut sleeve 11 is installed through The worm 12, the smooth rod sections at both ends of the worm 12 are slidably installed on the tube wall of the nut sleeve 11, and the worm 12 is located in the middle section of the inner cavity of the nut sleeve 11 and meshes with the nut 10 through the worm gear. When the worm screw 12 is turned, the nut 10 can be pushed to rotate, so that it moves on the central shaft 9 . In order to make the nut sleeve 11 slidably fit on the nut 10, as shown in FIG. There is an end cover, and the corresponding position on the end cover is provided with a snap ring 15 matching the circular slot, and the snap ring 15 is snapped in the circular slot. In this way, the nut sleeve 11 can be fixed on the nut 10, and the two can be relatively rotated. Turning the worm 12 by the handle can push the nut 10 to move, and change the distance between the front hinge shaft 7 and the rear hinge shaft 8 , thereby adjusting the height between the lower brace part 1 and the upper brace part 2 . During use, the lower supporting part 1 and the upper supporting part 2 are close to the inner wall of the patient's cheek, and the operating end of the worm 12 arranged perpendicular to the central axis 9 is located in the middle of the patient's oral cavity, which is convenient for operation.

The above-mentioned upper supporting part 2 is in the shape of an upward convex arc and has good elasticity. When the two ends are stressed, it can be deformed to fit human tissues and adapt to individual differences. The lower brace part 1 is in the shape of a concave arc, and a protruding part 13 is provided under the front end of the lower brace part 1. The protruding part 13 can fit the groove part of the mandibular notch, which is helpful for positioning Firm and accurate.

Claims (1)

1. The mandibular condyle reset spreader, including the lower brace part (1) corresponding to the mandibular notch of the human body, and the upper brace part (2) anastomosed with the zygomatic arch corresponding to the mandibular notch of the human body, characterized in that: The two ends of the lower brace part (1) are respectively hinged with the lower brace front rod (3) and the lower brace rear rod (4), and the two ends of the upper brace part (2) are respectively hinged with the upper brace front rod (5) and the upper support rear bar (6); the upper end of the lower support front bar (3) and the lower end of the upper support front bar (5) are hinged on the front hinge shaft (7), and the lower support rear bar ( 4) and the lower end of the upper support rear rod (6) are hinged on the rear hinge shaft (8), and the front hinge shaft (7) and the rear hinge shaft (8) are both installed on the central shaft (9); The front hinge shaft (7) and the rear hinge shaft (8) are provided with radial through holes, the middle shaft (9) is inserted into the radial through holes, and the ends of each support rod are set on the front hinge shaft through the collar device. (7) or the rear hinge shaft (8), each support rod can rotate around the front hinge shaft (7) or the rear hinge shaft (8), and the front hinge shaft (7) or the rear hinge shaft (8) can rotate in the middle The shaft (9) moves axially.