CN104045210B - The treatment for reuse method of oil refining-Ethylene Complex unit sewage - Google Patents
The treatment for reuse method of oil refining-Ethylene Complex unit sewage Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000009279 wet oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009303 advanced oxidation process reaction Methods 0.000 claims 6
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract description 31
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- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 15
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- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 10
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- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002306 biochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及炼油-乙烯联合装置污水的处理回用方法,包括:(1)炼油碱渣废水依次进行湿式氧化、SBR处理;(2)乙烯碱渣废水经湿式氧化处理后,与循环冷却水排污水和步骤(1)处理后的废水混合,混合污水依次经曝气生物滤池、高级氧化和曝气生物滤池处理后,与酸碱废水混合,排放;(3)将盐含量≤500mg/L的废水混合,依次经隔油、气浮、生化、曝气生物滤池处理后,进行杀菌和过滤处理,然后回用于循环冷却水系统。本发明能够大幅度提高污水回用率,并且投资和运行成本较低、操作管理简便。The invention relates to a method for treating and reusing wastewater from an oil refinery-ethylene unit, comprising: (1) sequentially performing wet oxidation and SBR treatment on the wastewater of oil refining alkali residue; The sewage is mixed with the wastewater treated in step (1), and the mixed sewage is treated by the biological aerated filter, the advanced oxidation and the biological aerated filter in turn, and then mixed with the acid-base wastewater and discharged; (3) the salt content is ≤ 500mg/ The waste water from L is mixed, treated in turn by oil separation, air flotation, biochemical, and biological aerated filters, sterilized and filtered, and then reused in the circulating cooling water system. The invention can greatly improve the reuse rate of sewage, has low investment and operation costs, and is easy to operate and manage.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及炼油-乙烯联合装置污水的处理回用方法。The invention relates to a treatment and reuse method for sewage of an oil refinery-ethylene combined unit.
背景技术Background technique
我国是一个水资源短缺的国家,人均水资源占有量约2200立方米,仅有世界平均数的四分之一。与此同时,由于我国人口的增长,需水量已经接近了水资源的可开发利用量。my country is a country with a shortage of water resources. The per capita water resources are about 2,200 cubic meters, which is only a quarter of the world average. At the same time, due to the growth of our country's population, the water demand has approached the amount of water resources that can be developed and utilized.
石油化工是我国的五大高耗水行业之一,其中的乙烯生产水耗尤为突出,一套年产100万吨乙烯的生产装置需取水约1850万吨/年,同时排污水约1200万吨/年。巨大的耗水量不但制约了我国乙烯工业发展,而且是对水资源的严重浪费。将乙烯工业的污水处理后回用,不但可以解决外排污水的环境污染问题,而且可以大幅度减少取水,是节约水资源、实现可持续发展的必然要求。The petrochemical industry is one of the five high water consumption industries in my country, among which the water consumption of ethylene production is particularly prominent. A production plant with an annual output of 1 million tons of ethylene needs to draw about 18.5 million tons of water per year, and at the same time discharge sewage about 12 million tons per year. Year. Huge water consumption not only restricts the development of my country's ethylene industry, but also is a serious waste of water resources. Reusing sewage from the ethylene industry after treatment can not only solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by discharged sewage, but also greatly reduce water intake, which is an inevitable requirement for saving water resources and achieving sustainable development.
乙烯厂污水的种类多,成分复杂,现有的处理方法主要是将乙烯厂各类污水混合,然后统一进行处理。目前,多数的乙烯厂仍然采用由隔油、气浮和生化组成的“老三套”工艺处理混合污水,由于高浓度污水对生化系统的冲击,使用“老三套”工艺处理的污水尚不能稳定地达到国家一级排放标准,更不能进行回用。个别的企业对污水进行深度处理,能够实现污水的部分回用,但其污水回用率还不理想,并且污水回用投资大、运行成本高,无经济效益。一些炼油企业采取“清污分流、污污分治”的措施,使高低浓度废水分别得到处理,总体处理效果较好,但污水回用率仍较低。炼油企业采取“清污分流、污污分治”的主要目的是避免高浓度污水对生化系统的冲击,使处理后的污水能够稳定地达到国家的排放标准,并非针对污水的回用。There are many types of sewage from ethylene plants and their components are complex. The existing treatment methods are mainly to mix all kinds of sewage from ethylene plants and then treat them uniformly. At present, most ethylene plants still use the "old three sets" process consisting of oil separation, air flotation and biochemical treatment of mixed sewage. Due to the impact of high-concentration sewage on the biochemical system, the sewage treated with the "old three sets" process is still not enough Stably meet the national first-level emission standards, let alone reuse. Some enterprises can realize partial reuse of sewage through advanced treatment of sewage, but the reuse rate of sewage is not ideal, and the investment of sewage reuse is high, the operation cost is high, and there is no economic benefit. Some oil refineries have adopted the measures of "cleaning and diverting sewage, separating and treating sewage", so that high and low concentration wastewater can be treated separately. The overall treatment effect is good, but the sewage reuse rate is still low. The main purpose of oil refining enterprises to adopt "cleaning and diverting sewage and separating sewage and sewage" is to avoid the impact of high-concentration sewage on the biochemical system, so that the treated sewage can stably meet the national discharge standards, not for the reuse of sewage.
综上所述,在保证外排污水能够稳定达标、同时又不增加过多成本的前提下,进一步提高污水的回用率是乙烯企业的迫切要求。To sum up, on the premise of ensuring that the discharged sewage can meet the standards stably without increasing excessive costs, it is an urgent requirement for ethylene enterprises to further increase the reuse rate of sewage.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供了一种乙烯厂污水的处理回用系统及处理回用方法,采用该系统和方法,能够大幅度提高乙烯厂污水的回用率,并且投资和运行成本较低、操作管理简便、技术可靠。The invention provides a treatment and reuse system and method for ethylene plant sewage. By using the system and method, the reuse rate of ethylene plant sewage can be greatly improved, and the investment and operation costs are low, and the operation and management are simple and convenient. The technology is reliable.
乙烯厂污水的处理回用系统,由第一污水处理单元和第二污水处理单元和污水回用单元组成,第一污水处理单元按顺序包括湿式氧化反应器、第一曝气生物滤池、高级氧化反应器和第二曝气生物滤池,第二污水处理单元按顺序包括隔油池、气浮池、生化池和第三曝气生物滤池;其中,第二污水处理单元的出水管线与污水回用单元的入水管线相联,污水回用单元的出水管线与循环冷却水系统相联,循环冷却水排污水管线与第一曝气生物滤池的入水管线相联。The sewage treatment and reuse system of the ethylene plant is composed of the first sewage treatment unit, the second sewage treatment unit and the sewage reuse unit. The first sewage treatment unit includes wet oxidation reactor, first biological aerated filter, advanced Oxidation reactor and the second biological aerated filter, the second sewage treatment unit includes a grease trap, an air flotation tank, a biochemical tank and the third biological aerated filter in sequence; wherein, the outlet pipeline of the second sewage treatment unit is connected to the sewage The water inlet pipeline of the recycling unit is connected, the outlet pipeline of the sewage recycling unit is connected with the circulating cooling water system, and the circulating cooling water sewage pipeline is connected with the water inlet pipeline of the first biological aerated filter.
优选的情况下,循环冷却水排污水管线还与第二污水处理单元的入水管线相联。Preferably, the circulating cooling water discharge pipeline is also connected with the water inlet pipeline of the second sewage treatment unit.
一种乙烯厂污水的处理回用方法,包括:A method for treating and recycling sewage from an ethylene plant, comprising:
(1)碱渣废水经湿式氧化处理后,与循环冷却水排污水混合,混合污水的COD≤2000mg/L,混合污水依次经过第一曝气生物滤池、高级氧化和第二曝气生物滤池处理后,与酸碱废水混合,排放;(1) Alkali residue wastewater is mixed with circulating cooling water and sewage after wet oxidation treatment. The COD of the mixed sewage is ≤ 2000mg/L. The mixed sewage passes through the first biological aerated filter, advanced oxidation and second biological aerated filter in sequence After pool treatment, it is mixed with acid-base wastewater and discharged;
(2)将盐含量≤500mg/L的废水混合,依次经过隔油、气浮、生化、第三曝气生物滤池处理后,进行杀菌和过滤处理,然后回用于循环冷却水系统。(2) Mix waste water with a salt content of ≤500mg/L, go through oil separation, air flotation, biochemical treatment, and the third biological aerated filter in sequence, then sterilize and filter, and then reuse it in the circulating cooling water system.
优选的情况下,碱渣废水经湿式氧化处理后,与部分循环冷却水排污水混合;盐含量≤500mg/L的废水与另一部分循环冷却水排污水混合后,再进行处理。Preferably, the alkali slag wastewater is mixed with part of the circulating cooling water effluent after wet oxidation treatment; the wastewater with a salt content ≤ 500mg/L is mixed with another part of the circulating cooling water effluent before treatment.
优选的情况下,步骤(1)中,碱渣废水经湿式氧化处理后,与循环冷却水排污水混合,使混合污水的COD为1500~2000mg/L。Preferably, in step (1), the alkali slag wastewater is mixed with circulating cooling water sewage after wet oxidation treatment, so that the COD of the mixed sewage is 1500-2000 mg/L.
所述的湿式氧化(Wet Oxidation,缩写WO)属于现有技术,其通常的反应条件是:温度120~350℃,压力0.5~22MPa,停留时间15min~120min。The wet oxidation (WO for short) belongs to the prior art, and its usual reaction conditions are: temperature 120-350°C, pressure 0.5-22MPa, residence time 15min-120min.
所述的曝气生物滤池(Biological Aerated Filter,缩写BAF)属于现有技术,本发明可以采用常规的曝气生物滤池,滤料优选无机滤料,如粘土、陶粒、火山岩、沸石、粉煤灰颗粒等。Described biological aerated filter (Biological Aerated Filter, abbreviated BAF) belongs to the prior art, and the present invention can adopt conventional biological aerated filter, and filter material is preferably inorganic filter material, as clay, ceramsite, volcanic rock, zeolite, Fly ash particles, etc.
所述的隔油池、气浮池和生化池属于常规技术。对于建有“老三套”工艺的乙烯厂,可使用“老三套”的工艺和设备。The described grease trap, air flotation tank and biochemical tank belong to conventional technology. For ethylene plants with "old three sets" of processes, the "old three sets" of processes and equipment can be used.
所述的污水回用单元用于对污水进行杀菌和过滤处理。The sewage reuse unit is used for sterilizing and filtering sewage.
所述的高级氧化是指氧化过程中,能够产生羟基自由基。根据所用氧化剂的不同,需要调节废水的pH值。采用臭氧做氧化剂时废水的pH值为7~12,优选8~11。采用高锰酸钾、氯气做氧化剂时废水的pH值为1~7,优选2~6。采用双氧水、二氧化氯或次氯酸钠做氧化剂时,废水的pH值为1~7,优选为2~6。所述的高级氧化包括催化氧化,如采用双氧水、二氧化氯或次氯酸钠为氧化剂时,还需要加入催化剂,所述的催化剂可以选自过渡金属离子Fe2+、Mn2+、Ni2+、Co2+、Cd2+、Cu2+、Ag+、Cr3+和Zn2+中的一种或几种,也可以选自金属氧化物MnO2、TiO2和Al2O3中的一种或几种。The advanced oxidation refers to the generation of hydroxyl radicals during the oxidation process. Depending on the oxidant used, the pH of the wastewater needs to be adjusted. When ozone is used as the oxidant, the pH value of the waste water is 7-12, preferably 8-11. When potassium permanganate and chlorine gas are used as oxidants, the pH value of the waste water is 1-7, preferably 2-6. When hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide or sodium hypochlorite is used as the oxidizing agent, the pH value of the waste water is 1-7, preferably 2-6. The advanced oxidation includes catalytic oxidation. For example, when using hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide or sodium hypochlorite as an oxidant, a catalyst needs to be added. The catalyst can be selected from transition metal ions Fe 2+ , Mn 2+ , Ni 2+ , Co 2+ , Cd 2+ , Cu 2+ , Ag + , Cr 3+ and Zn 2+ or one or more of them, or one of metal oxides MnO 2 , TiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 or several.
本发明的高级氧化处理过程优选在搅拌下进行,可以采用机械搅拌的方法,也可以采用在曝气搅拌或是打循环回流进行搅拌的方法。氧化反应的时间可以是10~120分钟,优选30~60分钟。The advanced oxidation treatment process of the present invention is preferably carried out under stirring, and the method of mechanical stirring can also be adopted, and the method of stirring with aeration or reflux can also be used. The oxidation reaction time may be 10-120 minutes, preferably 30-60 minutes.
所述的高级氧化反应器是指能够对污水进行高级氧化处理的反应器,其属于现有技术。本发明优选采用反应池,更优选采用带有搅拌设备的反应池。所述的搅拌设备是指能够产生搅拌效果的设备,如机械搅拌、曝气反生器或循环泵等。The advanced oxidation reactor refers to a reactor capable of performing advanced oxidation treatment on sewage, which belongs to the prior art. The present invention preferably adopts a reaction tank, more preferably adopts a reaction tank with stirring equipment. The stirring equipment refers to the equipment capable of producing stirring effect, such as mechanical stirring, aeration reactor or circulating pump, etc.
在本发明中,还可采用光催化、电催化、超声催化、磁力催化中的一种或几种辅助方法提高氧化反应的效果,如:采用光+双氧水、光+臭氧、电+双氧水等方式来处理废水。In the present invention, one or several auxiliary methods in photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, ultrasonic catalysis, and magnetic catalysis can also be used to improve the effect of oxidation reaction, such as: using light + hydrogen peroxide, light + ozone, electricity + hydrogen peroxide, etc. to treat wastewater.
本发明还提供了一种炼油-乙烯联合装置污水的处理回用方法,包括:The present invention also provides a method for treating and reusing wastewater from an oil refinery-ethylene unit, comprising:
(1)炼油碱渣废水依次进行湿式氧化、SBR处理;(1) Refinery alkali slag wastewater is sequentially subjected to wet oxidation and SBR treatment;
(2)乙烯碱渣废水经湿式氧化处理后,与循环冷却水排污水和步骤(1)处理后的废水混合,使混合污水的COD≤2000mg/L,混合污水依次经第一曝气生物滤池、高级氧化和第二曝气生物滤池处理后,与酸碱废水混合,排放;(2) After the ethylene alkali residue wastewater is wet-oxidized, it is mixed with the circulating cooling water sewage and the wastewater treated in step (1), so that the COD of the mixed sewage is less than or equal to 2000mg/L, and the mixed sewage is sequentially passed through the first aerated biological filter pool, advanced oxidation and the second biological aerated filter, mixed with acid-base wastewater and discharged;
(3)将盐含量≤500mg/L的废水混合,依次经隔油、气浮、生化、第三曝气生物滤池处理后,进行杀菌和过滤处理,然后回用于循环冷却水系统。(3) Mix waste water with a salt content of ≤500mg/L, and sequentially undergo oil separation, air flotation, biochemical, and third biological aerated filter treatment, then sterilize and filter, and then reuse it in the circulating cooling water system.
优选的情况下,乙烯碱渣废水经湿式氧化处理后,与部分的循环冷却水排污水和步骤(1)处理后的废水混合;盐含量≤500mg/L的废水与另一部分循环冷却水排污水混合后,再进行处理。Preferably, the ethylene alkali slag wastewater is mixed with part of the circulating cooling water effluent and the wastewater treated in step (1) after wet oxidation treatment; the wastewater with a salt content of ≤500mg/L is mixed with another part of the circulating cooling water effluent After mixing, proceed to processing.
优选的情况下,步骤(2)中,乙烯碱渣废水经湿式氧化处理后,与循环冷却水排污水和步骤(1)处理后的废水混合,使混合污水的COD为1500~2000mg/L。Preferably, in step (2), after wet oxidation treatment of ethylene alkali slag wastewater, it is mixed with circulating cooling water sewage and wastewater treated in step (1), so that the COD of the mixed sewage is 1500-2000 mg/L.
本发明还提供了另一种炼油-乙烯联合装置污水的处理回用方法,包括:The present invention also provides another method for treating and reusing sewage from an oil refinery-ethylene unit, comprising:
(1)将炼油碱渣废水与乙烯碱渣废水混合,经湿式氧化处理后,再与循环冷却水排污水混合,使混合污水的COD≤2000mg/L,混合污水依次经第一曝气生物滤池、高级氧化和第二曝气生物滤池处理后,与酸碱废水混合,排放;(1) Mix the oil refining alkali residue wastewater with the ethylene alkali residue wastewater, after wet oxidation treatment, and then mix with the circulating cooling water sewage, so that the COD of the mixed sewage is ≤2000mg/L, and the mixed sewage is sequentially passed through the first aerated biological filter pool, advanced oxidation and the second biological aerated filter, mixed with acid-base wastewater and discharged;
(2)将盐含量≤500mg/L的废水混合,依次经隔油、气浮、生化、第三曝气生物滤池处理后,进行杀菌和过滤处理,然后回用于循环冷却水系统。(2) Mix waste water with a salt content of ≤500mg/L, and sequentially undergo oil separation, air flotation, biochemical, and third biological aerated filter treatment, then sterilize and filter, and then reuse it in the circulating cooling water system.
优选的情况下,将炼油碱渣废水与乙烯碱渣废水混合,经湿式氧化处理后,与部分的循环冷却水排污水混合;盐含量≤500mg/L的废水与另一部分循环冷却水排污水混合后,再进行处理。Preferably, the oil refinery alkali residue wastewater is mixed with ethylene alkali residue wastewater, and after wet oxidation treatment, it is mixed with part of the circulating cooling water sewage; the wastewater with a salt content of ≤500mg/L is mixed with another part of the circulating cooling water sewage After that, proceed with the processing.
优选的情况下,步骤(1)中,将炼油碱渣废水与乙烯碱渣废水混合,经湿式氧化处理后,再与循环冷却水排污水混合,使混合污水的COD为1500~2000mg/L。Preferably, in step (1), the oil refinery alkali residue wastewater is mixed with ethylene alkali residue wastewater, and after wet oxidation treatment, it is then mixed with circulating cooling water wastewater, so that the COD of the mixed wastewater is 1500-2000 mg/L.
SBR属于现有技术,又叫续批式生物反应器、间歇活性污泥反应器,兼有推流、厌氧-好氧操作、简短进水的特点,是一种简易、低耗且快速的污水处理反应器。SBR belongs to the existing technology, also known as continuous batch bioreactor, intermittent activated sludge reactor, which has the characteristics of plug flow, anaerobic-aerobic operation, and brief water intake. It is a simple, low-consumption and fast bioreactor. Sewage treatment reactor.
所述炼油-乙烯联合装置是指炼油装置与乙烯装置共用一套公用工程,如共用循环水系统和蒸汽系统等。The refinery-ethylene unit refers to a set of public works shared by the refinery unit and the ethylene unit, such as a shared circulating water system and steam system.
现有技术中,将所有乙烯污水混合后,统一进行处理。由此带来两个主要的问题,一是高浓度污水对生化系统的冲击,造成生化系统的出水水质不稳定,甚至有可能造成污水不能达标排放;二是混合污水经乙烯厂“老三套”工艺处理后,不能进行回用,虽然通过增加深度处理设施能实现污水的部分回用,但是污水回用率仍不理想并且成本太高。发明人全面地调研和分析了现有乙烯企业的供水、用水、污水和污水处理系统,通过大量试验提出了上述的技术解决方案。在乙烯生产的污水中,碱渣废水和酸碱废水约占污水总量的5%,但含盐量占污水总含盐量的50%以上,其中酸碱废水的COD很低,而碱渣废水的COD非常高。本发明将高COD浓度和高含盐的碱渣废水分出,通过氧化法和生化法的有机结合单独进行处理,最终实现稳定达标排放。乙烯生产中,循环冷却水量约占乙烯生产总用水量的96%,取水量约占乙烯生产总取水量的70%,循环冷却水对回用水质的要求较低。乙烯生产的其他污水(不包括循环冷却水排污水),盐含量较低,个别污水虽然COD浓度较高,但这些污水混合后,平均COD不高,可以通过乙烯厂常规的处理工艺,并增加一道曝气生物滤池处理工序,满足循环冷却水的回用要求。本发明将乙烯生产的其他污水与循环冷却水排污水混合,经乙烯厂常规污水处理工艺(“老三套”工艺)和曝气生物滤池处理后,回用于循环冷却水排污水,从而大幅度的提高了乙烯厂污水的回用率。In the prior art, all ethylene sewage is mixed and treated uniformly. This brings about two main problems. One is the impact of high-concentration sewage on the biochemical system, causing the effluent quality of the biochemical system to be unstable, and may even cause the sewage to fail to meet the discharge standards; "After the process is processed, it cannot be reused. Although some sewage can be reused by adding advanced treatment facilities, the sewage reuse rate is still not ideal and the cost is too high. The inventor has comprehensively investigated and analyzed the water supply, water use, sewage and sewage treatment systems of existing ethylene enterprises, and proposed the above-mentioned technical solution through a large number of experiments. In the sewage produced by ethylene, the alkali residue wastewater and acid-base wastewater account for about 5% of the total sewage, but the salt content accounts for more than 50% of the total salt content of the sewage. Among them, the COD of acid-base wastewater is very low, while the alkali residue The COD of wastewater is very high. The invention separates the alkali slag waste water with high COD concentration and high salt content, and treats it separately through the organic combination of oxidation method and biochemical method, and finally realizes stable discharge up to standard. In ethylene production, the amount of circulating cooling water accounts for about 96% of the total water consumption of ethylene production, and the water intake accounts for about 70% of the total water intake for ethylene production. The requirements for recycled cooling water quality are relatively low. Other sewage from ethylene production (excluding circulating cooling water sewage) has low salt content. Although the COD concentration of individual sewage is high, the average COD of these sewage is not high after mixing. It can pass the conventional treatment process of the ethylene plant and increase A biological aerated filter process to meet the recycling requirements of circulating cooling water. In the present invention, other sewage produced by ethylene is mixed with circulating cooling water sewage, and after being treated by conventional sewage treatment process of ethylene plant ("old three sets" process) and biological aerated filter, it is reused in circulating cooling water sewage, thereby It has greatly improved the reuse rate of ethylene plant sewage.
与现有的乙烯污水回用技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:Compared with the existing ethylene sewage recycling technology, the present invention has the following advantages:
1.现有技术的污水回用率一般不超过70%,本发明的污水回用率可以达到70%以上,最高可以达到95%左右。另外,本发明还可以避免高浓度污水对生化系统的冲击,实现污水的稳定达标排放。1. The sewage reuse rate in the prior art generally does not exceed 70%, but the sewage reuse rate in the present invention can reach more than 70%, and the highest can reach about 95%. In addition, the invention can also avoid the impact of high-concentration sewage on the biochemical system, and realize the stable and standard discharge of sewage.
2.现有技术需要通过复杂脱盐工艺才能实现污水回用,工艺流程长、技术难度大,可靠性较差。本发明方法不需要对污水进行脱盐处理,从而大大缩短了污水回用工艺流程,使技术更简单、更可靠。2. The existing technology requires a complex desalination process to realize sewage reuse, which has a long process flow, high technical difficulty, and poor reliability. The method of the invention does not require desalination treatment of sewage, thereby greatly shortening the process flow of sewage reuse and making the technology simpler and more reliable.
3.现有技术需要对大量的混合污水进行深度处理才能实现污水的回用,技术难度大、工艺流程长、运行费用高,经济上不合理。本发明对污水进行分质处理,大幅度减少了难处理污水量,同时避免了复杂的脱盐处理、缩短了工艺流程,因此运行费用较低,经济上更合理。3. The existing technology requires advanced treatment of a large amount of mixed sewage to realize the reuse of sewage, which is technically difficult, long process flow, high operating costs, and economically unreasonable. The invention separates and treats the sewage, greatly reduces the amount of difficult-to-treat sewage, avoids complex desalination treatment, and shortens the process flow, so the operating cost is lower and the economy is more reasonable.
4.现有技术的难度大、工艺流程长、操作复杂、占地面积大,因此实施的难度较大。本发明由于采取污水分质处理,大幅度减少了难处理污水量,避免了脱盐处理,仅需新建少量设施(可以利用已有的“老三套”工艺),因此实施更加容易。4. The prior art has great difficulty, long technological process, complicated operation and large floor area, so it is difficult to implement. Since the present invention adopts sewage separation treatment, the amount of refractory sewage is greatly reduced, desalination treatment is avoided, and only a small number of new facilities are needed (the existing "three old sets" of processes can be used), so the implementation is easier.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为对比例1的污水处理系统示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the sewage treatment system of Comparative Example 1.
图2为实施例1的污水处理系统示意图。Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the sewage treatment system of embodiment 1.
图3为对比例2的污水处理系统示意图。3 is a schematic diagram of the sewage treatment system of Comparative Example 2.
图4为实施例2的污水处理系统示意图。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the sewage treatment system in Embodiment 2.
图5为对比例3的污水处理系统示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the sewage treatment system of Comparative Example 3.
图6为实施例3的污水处理系统示意图。FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the sewage treatment system in Embodiment 3.
图7为实施例4的污水处理系统示意图。FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the sewage treatment system in Embodiment 4.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图详细说明本发明。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图2所示,本发明的一种实施方式是:乙烯厂污水中所有含盐量≤500mg/L的低含盐废水与部分循环冷却水排污水混合,依次进入隔油池、气浮池、生化池、第三曝气生物滤池进行处理,处理后的污水进入污水回用单元进行杀菌、过滤后,进入循环水冷却系统;乙烯厂碱渣废水经湿式氧化处理后,与另一部分循环冷却水排污水混合,依次经第一曝气生物滤池、催化氧化(高级氧化的一种)和第二曝气生物滤池处理,处理后的污水与酸碱废水混合后排放。As shown in Figure 2, one embodiment of the present invention is: all low-salt wastewater with a salt content of ≤500 mg/L in the sewage of an ethylene plant is mixed with part of the circulating cooling water sewage, and then enters the grease trap, air flotation tank, The biochemical pool and the third biological aerated filter are used for treatment. The treated sewage enters the sewage reuse unit for sterilization and filtration, and then enters the circulating water cooling system. Water and sewage are mixed, and are treated in sequence by the first biological aerated filter, catalytic oxidation (a type of advanced oxidation) and the second biological aerated filter, and the treated sewage is mixed with acid-base wastewater and discharged.
如图6所示,本发明的另二种实施方式是:乙烯厂污水中所有含盐量≤500mg/L的低含盐废水依次进入隔油池、气浮池、生化池、第三曝气生物滤池进行处理,处理后的污水进入污水回用单元进行杀菌、过滤后,进入循环水冷却系统;乙烯厂碱渣废水经湿式氧化处理后,与循环冷却水排污水混合,依次经第一曝气生物滤池、催化氧化(高级氧化的一种)和第二曝气生物滤池处理,处理后的污水与酸碱废水混合后排放。As shown in Figure 6, another two implementations of the present invention are: all low-salt wastewater with a salt content of ≤500mg/L in the ethylene plant sewage enters the oil separation tank, the air flotation tank, the biochemical tank, and the third aerated organism in sequence The treated sewage enters the sewage reuse unit for sterilization and filtration, and then enters the circulating water cooling system; the alkali slag wastewater from the ethylene plant is wet-oxidized, mixed with circulating cooling water and sewage, and then passed through the first exposure Gas biological filter, catalytic oxidation (a type of advanced oxidation) and the second biological aerated filter treatment, the treated sewage is mixed with acid-base wastewater and discharged.
以下通过实施例进一步说明本发明。The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
对比例1Comparative example 1
某生产能力100万t/a的大型乙烯生产装置,使用含盐150mg/L的地表水,取水1850万m3/a,其中循环冷却水系统取水1400万m3/a。总排污水1200万m3/a,其中含盐22000mg/L、COD20000-50000mg/L的碱渣废水12万m3/a,含盐48000mg/L的酸碱废水30万m3/a,含盐1250mg/L的循环冷却水系统排污水220万m3/a,其他含盐小于500mg/L的废水共计938万m3/a。A large-scale ethylene production plant with a production capacity of 1 million t/a uses surface water with a salt content of 150 mg/L and draws 18.5 million m 3 /a of which the circulating cooling water system draws 14 million m 3 /a. The total sewage discharge is 12 million m 3 /a, including 120,000 m 3 /a of alkali residue wastewater containing 22,000 mg/L of salt and COD20,000-50,000 mg/L, and 300,000 m 3 /a of acid-base wastewater containing 48,000 mg/L of salt, containing The sewage of circulating cooling water system with salt 1250mg/L is 2.2 million m 3 /a, and other waste water with salt content less than 500 mg/L is 9.38 million m 3 /a in total.
如图1所示,将所有的废水混合,进行隔油-气浮-生化处理,出水含盐量为2040mg/L,COD<100mg/L,含盐量和COD量均超过循环水回用指标要求(含盐量≤1200mg/L,COD≤60mg/L),不能直接回用。As shown in Figure 1, all the wastewater was mixed and subjected to oil separation-air flotation-biochemical treatment. The salt content of the effluent was 2040mg/L, COD<100mg/L, and both the salt content and COD exceeded the recycled water reuse index. Requirements (salt content ≤ 1200mg/L, COD ≤ 60mg/L), can not be directly reused.
实施例1Example 1
乙烯生产装置及各种污水的情况与对比例1相同。The conditions of the ethylene production unit and various sewage are the same as those of Comparative Example 1.
如图2所示,将碱渣废水、酸碱废水和部分循环冷却水排污水从废水处理系统切出;12万m3/a的碱渣废水经过湿式氧化处理后,与80万m3/a的循环冷却水排污水混合,混合后的COD<1000mg/L,混合污水采用“BAF+催化氧化+BAF”工艺处理,出水再与30万m3/a的酸碱废水混合后排放,排放污水的COD<60mg/L,水质达到国家环境一级排放标准;其中,经第一次BAF处理后,污水的B/C<0.3,COD<200mg/L。As shown in Figure 2, the alkali residue wastewater, acid-base wastewater and part of the circulating cooling water sewage are cut out from the wastewater treatment system; after wet oxidation treatment of 120,000 m 3 /a The circulating cooling water and sewage of a are mixed, the mixed COD<1000mg/L, the mixed sewage is treated by "BAF + catalytic oxidation + BAF" process, and the effluent is mixed with 300,000 m 3 /a of acid-base wastewater and discharged, and the sewage is discharged COD<60mg/L, the water quality has reached the national first-class environmental discharge standard; Among them, after the first BAF treatment, the B/C<0.3 and COD<200mg/L of the sewage.
将含盐小于500mg/L的938万m3/a废水与140万m3/a循环冷却水系统排污水混合,经过对比例1中的污水处理系统处理后,再采用BAF工艺处理,出水含盐量<1200mg/L,COD<60mg/L,经杀菌、过滤后,全部回用循环水系统,污水回用率为89.8%。Mix 9.38 million m 3 /a wastewater with a salt content of less than 500 mg/L with 1.4 million m 3 /a circulating cooling water system sewage, and then use the BAF process after being treated by the sewage treatment system in Comparative Example 1. The effluent contains Salt content < 1200mg/L, COD < 60mg/L, after sterilization and filtration, all of them are reused in the circulating water system, and the sewage reuse rate is 89.8%.
对比例2Comparative example 2
某炼油能力1000万t/a、乙烯生产能力80万t/a的大型石油化工联合企业,使用含盐250mg/L的地表水,取水2150万m3/a,其中循环冷却水系统取水1450万m3/a。总排污水1250万m3/a,其中含盐300000mg/L、COD150000-200000mg/L的炼油碱渣废水1.4万m3/a,含盐45000mg/L、COD30000-70000mg/L的乙烯碱渣废水8.6万m3/a、含盐46000mg/L的酸碱废水43万m3/a,含盐1800mg/L的循环冷却水系统排污水350万m3/a、其他含盐小于500mg/L的废水847万m3/a。A large-scale petrochemical complex with an oil refining capacity of 10 million t/a and an ethylene production capacity of 800,000 t/a uses surface water with a salt content of 250 mg/L and draws 21.5 million m 3 /a of which 14.5 million is drawn for the circulating cooling water system m 3 /a. The total sewage is 12.5 million m 3 /a, including 14,000 m 3 /a of oil refinery alkali residue wastewater with a salt content of 300,000mg/L and a COD of 150,000-200,000mg/L, and ethylene alkali residue wastewater with a salt content of 45,000mg/L and a COD of 30,000-70,000mg/L 86,000 m 3 /a, 430,000 m 3 /a of acid-base wastewater with a salt content of 46,000 mg/L, 3.5 million m 3 / a of circulating cooling water system sewage with a salt content of 1,800 mg/L, and other waste water with a salt content of less than 500 mg/L The waste water is 8.47 million m 3 /a.
如图3所示,将所有的废水混合,进行隔油-气浮-生化处理,出水含盐为2770mg/L,COD<100mg/L,含盐量和COD量均超过循环水回用指标要求(含盐量≤1200mg/L,COD≤60mg/L),不能直接回用。As shown in Figure 3, all the wastewater was mixed and subjected to oil separation-air flotation-biochemical treatment. The salt content of the effluent was 2770mg/L, and the COD was less than 100mg/L. (salt content ≤ 1200mg/L, COD ≤ 60mg/L), cannot be reused directly.
实施例2Example 2
生产装置及各种污水的情况与对比例2相同。The situation of the production device and various sewage is the same as that of Comparative Example 2.
如图4所示,将炼油碱渣废水、乙烯碱渣废水、酸碱废水和部分循环冷却水排污水从废水处理系统切出,将经过“湿式氧化+SBR”处理的1.4万m3/a炼油碱渣废水、经过湿式氧化处理的8.6万m3/a乙烯碱渣废水和含盐1800mg/L的150万m3/a循环冷却水系统排污水合并,采用“BAF+催化氧化+BAF”工艺进行处理,出水再与43万m3/a酸碱废水合并后排放,排放污水的COD<60mg/L,水质达到国家环境一级排放标准;其中,经第一次BAF处理后,污水的B/C为0.1-0.3,COD<200mg/L。As shown in Figure 4, the oil refining alkali residue wastewater, ethylene alkali residue wastewater, acid-base wastewater and part of the circulating cooling water sewage are cut out from the wastewater treatment system, and the 14,000 m 3 /a treated by "wet oxidation + SBR" Refinery alkali residue wastewater, 86,000 m 3 /a ethylene alkali residue wastewater treated by wet oxidation, and 1.5 million m 3 /a circulating cooling water system sewage with a salt content of 1,800 mg/L were combined, using the "BAF+catalytic oxidation+BAF" process After treatment, the effluent is combined with 430,000 m 3 /a acid-base wastewater and then discharged. The COD of the discharged sewage is less than 60mg/L, and the water quality reaches the national environmental first-level discharge standard; among them, after the first BAF treatment, the B of the sewage /C is 0.1-0.3, COD<200mg/L.
将含盐小于500mg/L的847万m3/a废水和200万m3/a循环冷却水系统排污混合,经过对比例2中的污水处理系统处理后,再采用BAF工艺处理,出水含盐量<1200mg/L,COD<60mg/L,经杀菌、过滤后,全部回用循环水系统,污水回用率为83.8%。Mix 8.47 million m 3 /a wastewater with a salt content of less than 500 mg/L and 2 million m 3 /a circulating cooling water system sewage. After being treated by the sewage treatment system in Comparative Example 2, the BAF process is used to treat the effluent. Concentration<1200mg/L, COD<60mg/L, after sterilization and filtration, all of them are reused in the circulating water system, and the sewage reuse rate is 83.8%.
对比例3Comparative example 3
某生产能力30万t/a的乙烯生产装置,使用含盐450mg/L的地表水,取水680万m3/a,其中循环冷却水系统取水480万m3/a。总排污水350万m3/a,其中含盐30000mg/L、COD40000-80000mg/L的碱渣废水4.5万m3/a、含盐50000mg/L的酸碱废水11万m3/a,含盐3200mg/L的循环冷却水系统排污水80万m3/a,其他含盐小于500mg/L的废水共计254.5万m3/a。An ethylene production plant with a production capacity of 300,000 t/a uses surface water with a salt content of 450 mg/L and draws 6.8 million m 3 /a of which the circulating cooling water system draws 4.8 million m 3 /a. The total wastewater discharge is 3.5 million m 3 /a, including 45,000 m 3 /a of alkali slag wastewater containing 30,000 mg/L of salt and 40,000-80,000 mg/L of COD, and 110,000 m 3 /a of acid-base wastewater containing 50,000 mg/L of salt. The sewage of circulating cooling water system with 3200mg/L salt is 800,000 m 3 /a, and other waste water with salt content less than 500 mg/L totals 2.545 million m 3 /a.
如图5所示,将所有的废水混合,进行隔油-气浮-生化处理,出水含盐量为3050mg/L,COD<100mg/L,含盐量和COD量均超过循环水回用指标要求(含盐量≤1200mg/L,COD≤60mg/L),不能直接回用。As shown in Figure 5, all the waste water was mixed and subjected to oil separation-air flotation-biochemical treatment. The salt content of the effluent was 3050mg/L, and the COD<100mg/L. Both the salt content and the COD amount exceeded the recycled water reuse index. Requirements (salt content ≤ 1200mg/L, COD ≤ 60mg/L), can not be directly reused.
实施例3Example 3
乙烯生产装置及各种污水的情况与对比例3相同。The conditions of the ethylene production unit and various sewage are the same as those of Comparative Example 3.
如图6所示,将碱渣废水、酸碱废水和部分循环冷却水排污水从废水处理系统切出;4.5万m3/a碱渣废水经过湿式氧化处理后,与80万m3/a循环冷却水系统排污水混合,混合后的COD<2000mg/L,混合污水采用“BAF+催化氧化+BAF”工艺处理,出水再与11万m3/a酸碱废水混合后排放,排放污水的COD<60mg/L,水质达到国家环境一级排放标准;其中,经第一次BAF处理后,污水的B/C为0.1-0.4,COD<200mg/L。As shown in Figure 6 , the alkali slag wastewater, acid-base wastewater and part of the circulating cooling water sewage are cut out from the wastewater treatment system; The sewage from the circulating cooling water system is mixed, and the COD after mixing is less than 2000mg/L. The mixed sewage is treated by "BAF + catalytic oxidation + BAF" process, and the effluent is mixed with 110,000 m 3 /a acid-base wastewater and then discharged. The COD of the discharged sewage <60mg/L, the water quality has reached the national environmental first-level discharge standard; Among them, after the first BAF treatment, the B/C of the sewage is 0.1-0.4, and the COD<200mg/L.
含盐小于500mg/L的254.5万m3/a废水经过对比例3的污水处理系统处理后,再采用BAF工艺处理,出水含盐量<1200mg/L,COD<60mg/L,经杀菌、过滤后,全部回用循环水系统,污水回用率为72.7%。The 2.545 million m 3 /a wastewater with a salt content of less than 500mg/L was treated by the sewage treatment system of Comparative Example 3, and then treated with the BAF process. Afterwards, all of them were reused in the circulating water system, and the sewage reuse rate was 72.7%.
实施例4Example 4
生产装置及各种污水的情况与对比例2相同。The situation of the production device and various sewage is the same as that of Comparative Example 2.
如图7所示,将炼油碱渣废水、乙烯碱渣废水、酸碱废水和部分循环冷却水排污水从废水处理系统切出,1.4万m3/a炼油碱渣废水与8.6万m3/a乙烯碱渣废水混合,经湿式氧化处理后,与含盐1800mg/L的150万m3/a循环冷却水系统排污水合并,采用“BAF+催化氧化+BAF”工艺进行处理,出水再与43万m3/a酸碱废水合并后排放,排放污水的COD<60mg/L,水质达到国家环境一级排放标准;其中,经第一次BAF处理后,污水的B/C<0.4,COD<200mg/L。As shown in Figure 7, the oil refinery alkali residue wastewater, ethylene alkali residue wastewater , acid-base wastewater and part of the circulating cooling water sewage are cut out from the wastewater treatment system. a. Ethylene alkali slag wastewater is mixed. After wet oxidation treatment, it is combined with 1.5 million m 3 /a circulating cooling water system sewage with a salt content of 1,800 mg/L. The "BAF+catalytic oxidation+BAF" process is used for treatment, and the effluent is then mixed with 43 10,000 m 3 /a of acid-base wastewater is combined and discharged, and the COD of the discharged sewage is <60mg/L, and the water quality reaches the national environmental first-class discharge standard; among them, after the first BAF treatment, the B/C of the sewage is <0.4, and the COD< 200mg/L.
将含盐小于500mg/L的847万m3/a废水和200万m3/a循环冷却水系统排污混合,经过对比例2中的污水处理系统处理后,再采用BAF工艺处理,出水含盐量<1200mg/L,COD<60mg/L,经杀菌、过滤后,全部回用循环水系统,污水回用率为83.8%。Mix 8.47 million m 3 /a wastewater with a salt content of less than 500 mg/L and 2 million m 3 /a circulating cooling water system sewage. After being treated by the sewage treatment system in Comparative Example 2, the BAF process is used to treat the effluent. Concentration<1200mg/L, COD<60mg/L, after sterilization and filtration, all of them are reused in the circulating water system, and the sewage reuse rate is 83.8%.
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