CN1040384C - Controlling device and abnormal detecting method of commutatorless electric motor and air conditioner - Google Patents
Controlling device and abnormal detecting method of commutatorless electric motor and air conditioner Download PDFInfo
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- CN1040384C CN1040384C CN95101464A CN95101464A CN1040384C CN 1040384 C CN1040384 C CN 1040384C CN 95101464 A CN95101464 A CN 95101464A CN 95101464 A CN95101464 A CN 95101464A CN 1040384 C CN1040384 C CN 1040384C
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors
- H02H7/0833—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors for electric motors with control arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/12—Monitoring commutation; Providing indication of commutation failure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/34—Modelling or simulation for control purposes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/34—Testing dynamo-electric machines
- G01R31/343—Testing dynamo-electric machines in operation
Abstract
An apparatus for controlling a motor, a control means is provided in such a way that an induced voltage and a reference voltage generated in an unenergized stator winding when the motor is turned, the induced voltage and the reference voltage is compared by a comparison circuit and a output compare signal is performed swithching and electrifying on each stator winding. The apparatus is characterised in that an energization means by which power in a specific energization pattern is supplied to the respective stator windings at a time when the motor is stopped and a comparison means by which a criterion output set so as to correspond to the energization pattern from the energization means is compared with the output of a comparison circuit are provided. Then, an abnormality detection means which detects an abnormality on the basis of the comparison result of the comparison means is provided.
Description
The present invention relates to the control device and the method for detecting abnormality of commutatorless motor.
As everyone knows, no transducer commutatorless motor in the past all is the stator winding that is provided with three-phase, be used for rotating magnetic field is applied on the permanent magnet type rotor, and the energising combination side of setting stator winding, make it often keep one to be non-energising phase mutually, when rotor rotates, compare by the induced voltage that produces in the stator winding of comparison circuit reference voltage according to the rules to non-energising, switch the step mode of each stator winding again according to the comparison output signal of comparison circuit.In the motor of this commutatorless, the switching transistor of inverter plays the effect of silent oscillation commutator, can detect the unusual and poor starting of short circuit.When inverter short circuit occurs when unusual, detect the electric current of motor by the current detector in the current circuit that is connected on motor, reach setting when above if detect electric current, just judge the transistor short circuit of inverter, thus stop to power to motor.
On the other hand, in the operation process of commutatorless motor, induced voltage and the reference voltage that produces in the non-energising winding compared, detect the position of rotation of the p-m rotor of adorning according to its variation, and be benchmark with this position detection point, the switch on switching of phase of order.
, rotor does not rotate during owing to motor starting, so do not produce induced voltage in cold stator winding yet.Therefore, be that the energising that stator winding is referred to as the no position probing of forced commutation is switched mutually during starting.And, through official hour,, estimate that could carry out the intrinsic change of current according to position probing in the suitable moment that can detect induced voltage switches by this forced commutation.
Suffer restraints or drive the drive circuit of inverter can not regular event the time when motor rotor, motor just can not normally rotate, even therefore passed through after the forced commutation of stipulated time, still can not carry out position probing, at this moment just abort the start, and the anomaly of poor starting has appearred in notice.
In above-mentioned commutatorless motor, when the anomaly of poor starting occurring, in the abnormal cause that can consider, the possibility maximum have following three kinds:
(1) do not rotate by the rotor of the motor motor that mechanical breakdown causes such as suffer restraints.
(2) the phase shortage output that causes by the fault of inverter or drive circuit.
(3) can not carry out position probing by what the element fault in the position detecting circuit caused.
These faults all were to show as poor starting in the past., fault must be carried out following operation during maintenance personal's place under repair: if belong to the reason of above-mentioned (1), then change problematic motor after taking place; As be the reason of (2), then to change inverter element or inverter circuit or check that the wiring of confirming between them connects situation; As be the reason of (3), then to change position detecting circuit.So after fault took place, the maintenance personal just must judge it is any fault among this three.
In addition, ifs circuit partly is inversion, drive circuit, the position detecting circuit in (2), (3) when all being located on the same printed circuit board, will change this printed circuit board, like this, just needn't distinguish (2) and (3), as long as come just passable with (2), (3) difference with (1).
; the determination methods that the fault of not rotating same (2), (3) that in the past (1) electrical fault was not caused is distinguished; after any part changed,, just think that the part that is replaced is bad if move normally; though if changed; but when poor starting occurring once more, just think that the part of not changing is bad, the part that will change in the past reinstalls again; the part of not changing with new part replacement is so operating efficiency is not high.
At this moment,, just must cut off the pipe arrangement of enclosing cold-producing medium, change compressor itself if motor is mounted in the hermetic type compressor, so concrete position that preferably can clear failure.
Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of control device and abnormality judgment method of commutatorless motor of concrete position that can clear failure and the air conditioner of using these apparatus and method.
The commutatorless control device of electric motor of the 1st invention, be provided with comparison circuit in each phase, be used for rotating magnetic field being applied to the stator winding terminal voltage of commutatorless motor of the threephase stator winding of using on the permanent magnet type rotor and the reference voltage of regulation compares to being equipped with, the induced voltage detection rotor position that in cold stator winding, produces when rotating according to motor by these comparison circuits, also be provided with to each phase stator winding and switch the controller of energising, being characterized as of this commutatorless control device of electric motor: be provided with according to and energising in the output signal of the corresponding comparison circuit of stator winding detect unusual abnormal detector.
The method for detecting abnormality of the commutatorless motor of the 2nd invention, be to be provided with comparison circuit in each phase, be used for rotating magnetic field being applied to the stator winding terminal voltage of commutatorless motor of the threephase stator winding of using on the permanent magnet type rotor and the reference voltage of regulation compares to being equipped with, the induced voltage detection rotor position that in cold stator winding, produces when rotating according to motor by these comparison circuits, also have the inverter from energising to each phase stator winding and the controller thereof that switch, being characterized as of the method for detecting abnormality of this commutatorless motor: it comprises that the output according to above-mentioned comparison circuit detects unusual method; And detect when unusual according to said method, disconnecting under said stator winding and the state that above-mentioned inverter is connected, make the frequency and the voltage of inverter output regulation, and measure the method for the voltage between phases that inverter at this moment exports; When each the voltage between phases value that records is roughly the same, judge that then above-mentioned comparison circuit is unusual, in other cases, then judge the method that inverter is unusual.
As adopt the 1st to invent, then be provided with the unusual abnormal detector of output signal detection of the corresponding comparison circuit of stator winding in basis and the energising owing to control device, no matter motor is in stoppage in transit or the advantage that can both carry out abnormality detection and the comparison circuit double as abnormality detection of detection rotor position can be used in service so have.When motor is stopped transport, compare to the stator winding terminal voltage of each stator winding supply and the reference voltage of regulation for the comparison circuit of establishing with specific step mode in each phase, and the output and the reference voltage of comparison circuit compared, anomaly that can detecting circuit, therefore before the drive motor running, just can differentiate motor unusual and circuit unusually.
When motor is stopped transport, since establish in each phase comparison circuit to all stator winding supply with respect to reference voltage be high voltage the 1st step mode and to all stator winding when to supply with respect to reference voltage be the 2nd step mode of low voltage the stator winding terminal voltage and the reference voltage of regulation compare, compare by the way of output and benchmark output comparison circuit, anomaly with regard to the energy detecting circuit, therefore before motor turns round, just can differentiate the unusual and circuit abnormality of motor, simultaneously, only with the 1st and the 2 two kind of step mode just can detecting circuit unusually.
In addition, if control device is provided with: the also position probing comparison circuit of detection rotor position is made up in the relatively output of above-mentioned comparison circuit; When above-mentioned motor is stopped transport to 1 mutually or the reference voltage supplied with than regulation of 2 phase stator winding be low voltage, and supply with the energising device that reference voltage than regulation is the multiple step mode of high voltage to all the other stator winding; The comparison means that the energising device compared for the output signal of benchmark output signal of setting accordingly with this step mode and above-mentioned position probing comparison circuit in when energising; And can detect unusually by the comparative result of above-mentioned abnormal detector according to above-mentioned comparison means, circuit structure is oversimplified.
When the running beginning, before starting shipment, tries by motor energising, when stopping transport, particularly before running beginning, try energising, but when not carrying out the operation of relevant running no power, therefore, when the user does not use the intention of air conditioner, can not switch on without reason.
In the testing of carrying out anomaly,, the user is known easily occurred unusually owing to circulate a notice of for the anomaly that measures.
Because when having overcurrent to flow through motor, forbid energising, therefore during the short circuit anomaly of the switching circuit in detecting the winding power-on circuit, just forbid later energising, so can prevent the expansion of fault.
When having overcurrent to flow through motor,, the user is known easily anomaly occurred because the overcurrent abnormality phenomenon is circulated a notice of.
The reference voltage of the 1st comparison circuit in the control device is roughly the median of input direct voltage, therefore can carry out the position probing of rotor exactly.
In addition, the reference voltage of supplying with above-mentioned comparison circuit also can be equivalent to the neutral point current potential of above-mentioned motor stator winding, as in this manner, then can make the reference voltage no power waste.
As with commutatorless motor mounting of the present invention in the hermetic type compressor of air conditioner or be used to drive the fan of air conditioner, then owing to can discern the unusual of motor or circuit in advance, so can increase substantially maintainability.
As adopt the 2nd to invent; then when when the output signal according to comparison circuit detects anomaly; export the frequency and the voltage of regulation again from inverter; by measuring voltage between phases at this moment; just can know that it still is that inverter occurs unusually unusually that comparison circuit occurs; owing to be to adopt so a kind of method for detecting abnormality, therefore can at length know the concrete position of fault, can further improve overhaul efficiency.
Fig. 1 is the total system figure that uses air conditioner of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the block diagram of an embodiment of the control circuit of expression air compressor motor.
Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional view of air compressor motor.
Fig. 4 is the winding diagram of air compressor motor.
Fig. 5 is the key diagram of the induced voltage of the step mode of phase inverter of Driven Compressor motor and motor winding.
Fig. 6 is the figure of form of PWM control of the inverter of expression Driven Compressor.
Fig. 7 is the relation table between the output of the expression prestarting ad hoc fashion of air compressor motor and comparison circuit.
Fig. 8 is the forced commutation step mode table of expression air compressor motor.
Fig. 9 is the block diagram of an embodiment of the control circuit of expression indoor fan.
Figure 10 is the relation table between the expression indoor fan is exported with prestarting ad hoc fashion of motor and comparison circuit.
Figure 11 be shown in mode embodiment table after changing among Figure 10.
Figure 12 is the block diagram of an embodiment of the control circuit of expression outdoor fan.
Figure 13 is the expression outdoor fan with the relation table between the output of the step mode of motor and the comparison circuit in the position detecting circuit.
Among the figure:
2: inner motored compressor
2M: motor in the compressor
2C: compressor
4: outdoor heat converter
6: indoor heat converter
7: outdoor fan
7M: fan motor
8: indoor fan
8M: fan motor
10,11,12: inverter
13: AC power
14,16,18: rectifier
The 20:DC/DC converter
21: voltage-dropping type DC/DC converter
22: compressor Control Cprant
23: the outdoor fan control circuit
24: the indoor fan control circuit
25: governor circuit
26: temperature sensor
27: the room temperature setting apparatus
35,100: connector
71: switch
The embodiment of the motor used of the motor used of the motor of using according to the compressor in the air conditioner successively, indoor fan and outdoor fan illustrates the present invention below.
(1) general structure of machine
Referring now to Fig. 1 the basic structure of air conditioner general among each embodiment and the block diagram of each embodiment overview of expression are described.
The main machine cooling cycle system of the air conditioner among Fig. 1, it is to be made of cross valve 3, outdoor heat converter 4, expansion valve 5 and indoor heat converter 6 that compressor 2, warming operation/cooling operation that the hermetic type of drive motor is equipped with in inside switches usefulness.By the running of compressor, just in this system, circulate at the inner cold-producing medium of enclosing of cooling cycle system.Outdoor fan 7 is installed in the outdoor heat converter 4, and indoor fan 8 is installed in the indoor heat converter 6.With fan motor 8M drive chamber internal fan 8, with fan motor 7M drive chamber external fan 7.Compressor 2 utilizes phase inverter 10, by built-in motor control rotating speed.Equally, indoor fan 8 utilizes inverter 11, controls rotating speed by fan motor 8M, and outdoor fan 7 utilizes inverter 12 by fan motor 7M control rotating speed.Each inverter 10-12 from shared AC power 13 input dc powers, is transformed into the alternating current output of optional frequency by the described rectification circuit in back again.
The direct current that inverter 10 is obtained by voltage multiplying rectifier voltage 14 and capacitor 15 inputs from AC power 13, again it is transformed into alternating current, pass through rectification circuit 16, capacitor 17, DC/DC converter 18 and voltage-dropping type DC/DC converter 19 by built-in motor Driven Compressor 2, inverter 11 from AC power 13 with this alternating current, the direct current that input is obtained, again it is transformed into alternating current, passes through fan motor 8M drive chamber internal fan 8 with this alternating current.Inverter 12 by the direct current that rectification circuit 20 and capacitor 21 inputs are obtained, is transformed into alternating current with it from AC power 13 again, passes through fan motor 7M drive chamber external fan 7 with this alternating current.By the compressor Control Cprant 22 of independent setting, control respectively by indoor fan control circuit 23 and outdoor fan control circuit 24 for inverter 10～12.Corresponding to these control circuits 22～24, also be provided with shared governor circuit 25, these control circuits 22～24 and governor circuit 25 are made of microprocessor respectively, utilize software separately to realize each function.
Governor circuit 25 is according to the running/halt instruction of for example sending from remote controller, will turn round/halt instruction a passes to each control device 22～24, will make the room temperature Ta that detected by temperature sensor 26 simultaneously and by the setting room temperature T of room temperature setting apparatus 27 settings
SPoor, just make temperature deviation T approach zero compressor rotary speed instruction B and send to compressor Control Cprant 22, give control circuit 23 with indoor fan rotary speed instruction C again, D gives control circuit 24 with the outdoor fan rotary speed instruction.
Each motor 2M, 7M, 8M are respectively the described synchronous machines that p-m rotor is arranged in back, by this motor and position detecting device and inverter (electronic rectifier) formation direct current commutatorless motor.In the present invention, the usefulness (just do not have transducer) of position transducer as position detecting device is not set separately, but according to the induced voltage detection rotor position in the motor stator winding.That is to say, the "on" position of stator winding is made up, often be set with 1 phase no power, during the rotor rotation, according to the induced voltage in cold stator winding, position that just can detection rotor.
In addition, the setting of non-energising phase must be guaranteed the amplitude according to induced electricity pressure energy detection rotor position, usually concerning stator winding, forward energising when electric angle is 120 °, no power in the time of 60 °, negative sense energising in the time of 120 °, no power 60 ° time the, circulation so repeatedly then.
Input side at inverter 10 is provided with current detector 29, it is to constitute by taking out the divider resistance 28 that input direct voltage neutral point current potential uses and detecting the low resistance that input current uses, respectively detection signal is transferred to compressor Control Cprant 22, the output of inverter 10 (input of=compressor built-in motor), current potential is also transferred to the control circuit 22 of compressor, compression control circuit 22 is according to these input signals and running/halt instruction a and compressor rotary speed instruction b, computing is to the frequency instruction of inverter 10, control inverter 10.
Also be to detect input current in inverter 11, and transfer to indoor fan control circuit 23, import input voltage and output voltage in addition by the current detector 30 that constitutes by low resistance.According to output voltage (input voltage of=fan motor 8M), also the neutral point current potential with fan motor 8M also transfers to indoor fan control circuit 23.Indoor fan control circuit 23 is according to these input signals, running/halt instruction a and indoor fan rotary speed instruction c, computing and output are to the control command of DC/DC converter 18, voltage-dropping type DC/DC converter 19 and inverter 11, thus control converter 18,19 and inverter 11.
In inverter 12, identical with inverter 10, detect input voltage and input current by the current detector 32 that constitutes by divider resistance 31 and low resistance respectively, and respectively it is transferred to outdoor fan control circuit 24.The output voltage of inverter 12 is also transferred to outdoor fan control circuit 24.Outdoor fan control circuit 24 is according to these input signals, running/halt instruction a and the d computing of outdoor fan rotary speed instruction and to the instruction of inverter 12 output frequencies, control inverter 12.
Control to compressor 2 (motor 2M), indoor fan 8 (motor 8M) and outdoor fan 7 (motor 7M) is described respectively below, and further specifies the detailed structure of machine in passing.
(2) compressor control
＜main circuit and control circuit structure 〉
Fig. 2 shows the main system of compressor 2 and the detailed structure of compressor Control Cprant.
The voltage of supplying with motor 2M from inverter 10 as shown in Figure 5, with respect to each phase winding, forward energising when electric angle is 120 °, no power in the time of 60 °, the energising of 120 ° of negative senses, and no power 60 ° the time, carry out this step mode repeatedly, and keep 120 ° phase difference between each phase of setting.By adopting this structure, during the motor rotation, during the no power produce in each phase winding shown in the latter half of Fig. 5 from just to negative or from negative to induced voltage r, the s, the t that are just changing.Therefore, according to the induced voltage during the no power, measure and when the transistor switch of each branch road of constituting inverter 10 disconnects, to play the time t that becomes no-voltage
0, become in the no-voltage from this induced voltage, at this t
0The constantly later time, the transistor switch conducting or the disconnection of control regulation get final product.For example, as shown in the figure,, measure the time t that T phase induced voltage becomes no-voltage from the moment that transistor Tr 6 (W phase minus side=T phase winding negative voltage) switch disconnects
0, become no-voltage constantly from this induced voltage, at t
0Constantly later time, the disconnection of the disconnection of oxide-semiconductor control transistors Tr1 (the positive mutually side of U=R phase winding positive voltage) switch and transistor Tr 3 (the positive mutually side of W=T phase winding positive voltage) switch and the conducting of transistor Tr 3 (the positive mutually side of W=T phase winding positive voltage) switch.Carry out position probing like this, just can not have the Motor Control of transducer.
More than be explanation, carry out PWM control, so each phase voltage Vr, Vs of motor winding, Vt are as shown in Figure 6 and be actually in the pair of transistor that makes in the energising one to operation principle.
In compressor Control Cprant 22, be provided with the drive circuit 41 that detects the transistor Tr 1～Tr6 of the overcurrent detecting device 42 of overcurrent of input circuit of inverter 10 and drive controlling inverter 10 according to the output signal of current detector 29.The detection output signal of overcurrent detecting device 40 is transported to drive circuit 41 and short-circuit component judgment means 60.Each phase output terminal current potential of the inverter 10 that obtains by the divider resistance 43,44,45 that is located at each phase, with the neutral point current potential that utilizes divider resistance 28 detected input direct voltages, compare in each phase comparing circuit 46,47,48, these compare result signals are by the comparison input terminal of bleeder circuit 49 inputs with comparison circuit 50.Bleeder circuit 49 is connected on the resistance R 1, R2, R3 of each output of comparison circuit 46,47,48 and at the other end and control supply voltage V of these resistance
DdThe common resistance R that connects 4 constitutes between the terminal.Resistance R 4 is connected on the comparison input terminal of comparison circuit 50 with the tie point of resistance R 1, R2, R3.By 51 pairs of control of the bleeder circuit supply voltage V that constitutes by resistance R 5, R6
DdBenchmark input end that relatively is input to comparison circuit 50 that obtains after the dividing potential drop with reference voltage.The position detecting circuit that detects motor rotor position is made of divider resistance 43～45 and comparison circuit 46～48, and decision-making circuit is made of bleeder circuit 49,51 and comparison circuit 50.
Now enumerate the concrete example of above each divider resistance value, resistance 43～45 is 270k Ω at motor side respectively, and the ground connection side is 20k Ω, in addition, in bleeder circuit 49 and the bleeder circuit 51, R1=R2=R3=100k Ω, R4=75k Ω, R5=R6=82k Ω.
If adopt this embodiment, voltage V
Dd1/2 voltage transferred on benchmark input end of comparison circuit 50.
When H (high pressure) exported, because be open collector (or open drain), output functionally disconnected with R4 comparison circuit 46～48 respectively, and during L (low pressure) output, output is functional to be connected on the resistance R 4.Therefore when 1 in the comparison circuit 46～48 for H exports, other 2 when exporting for L, carry out the comparison circuit of H output and change into the state that disconnects with bleeder circuit 49, carry out the output resistance of 2 comparison circuits of L output and change into both parallel connections, their total resistance reduce by half (in the case of the above embodiments for 50k Ω), as a result, the comparison input voltage to comparison circuit 50 inputs becomes voltage V
Dd50/ (50+75)＜1/2, be lower than reference voltage, so comparison circuit 50 becomes L output.In addition, in comparison circuit 46～48 2 is H output, and other 1 when exporting for L, change into voltage V to the comparison input voltage that comparison circuit 50 is imported
Dd100/ (100+75)＞1/2, be higher than reference voltage, the result, comparison circuit 50 is changed into H output.Therefore, change into the voting circuit that constitutes by bleeder circuit 49,51 and comparison circuit 50.
By the output signal of position detecting device 52, detect the position of motor 2M rotor according to comparison circuit 50.Position detecting device 52 also is connected with start-control device 57.The relatively output of voting circuit 50 is also in the input mode comparison means 54.The running instruction a that sends from governor circuit 25 imports ad hoc fashion output device 55, in the rotary speed instruction b input speed comparison means 56.After the 55 input running instructions of ad hoc fashion output device, the described ad hoc fashion in back is flowed to drive circuit 41, mode comparison circuit 54 and short-circuit component judgment means 60.Mode comparison means 54 will compare from the ad hoc fashion of ad hoc fashion output device 55 inputs and the relatively output of voting circuit 50, result and will start enabling signal and flow to start-control device 57 perhaps flows to abnormal signal unusual content aviso device 58 as a comparison.Start-control device has just been carried dynamic control signal to voltage determination device 59 and energising phase determination device 61 after the starting enabling signal of receiving from mode comparison means 54.Short-circuit component judgment means 60 is according to the ad hoc fashion signal of exporting from ad hoc fashion output device 55 and the anomaly detection signal of overcurrent detecting device 42, if judge the transistor unit short circuit of inverter 10, gave unusual content aviso device 58 just should judge signal conveys.If force the running instruction from forcing running switch 62 to send, just by forcing rotating device 63 to send this instruction to drive circuit 41, compressor 2 is forced running by inverter 10.When concluding that according to the output signal of the output signal of position detecting device 52 and start-control device 57 motor is unusual by motor abnormity judgement set 64, it judges that signal is transferred to the abnormal conditions aviso device 58 that the circular abnormal conditions are used, and as forbidding that initiating signal gives start-control device 57.
(prestart)
After air conditioner was received the instruction that the running of being sent by remote controller by the user begins, the running instruction a that sends from governor circuit 25 was transfused to the ad hoc fashion output device 55 the compressor circuit 22.Ad hoc fashion output device 55 transfers to drive circuit 41 with the predefined three-phase way of output.In order to realize this three-phase way of output, set the transistor way of output as shown in Figure 7, at first in 50ms (millisecond), the way of output a) after, through the dwell time of 20ms, the next mode b of output in 50ms), output successively after this is until mode f).
The short circuit abnormality detection of inverter 10
Mode a) and mode b) be used for detecting the transistor Tr 1～Tr6 that constitutes inverter 10 short circuit unusual, in the output procedure of this mode, when overcurrent detecting device 42 detects overcurrent, judge that then the transistor short circuit is unusual, again according to the ad hoc fashion of at this moment ad hoc fashion output device 55 output, are the crystal (Tr1～Tr3) or the transistor of negative terminal branch road (Tr4～Tr6) of anode branch road with the element of short-circuit component judgment means 60 judgement short circuits.According to the judged result of short-circuit component judgment means 60, the judged result of and positive and negative end unusual by the short circuit of abnormal conditions aviso device 58 display elements.On the other hand, overcurrent detecting device 42 just sends the energising inhibit command to drive circuit 41 immediately in the moment that detects overcurrent, so that unlikelyly cause more fault.Drive circuit 41 till henceforth resetting, does not drive the transistor Tr 1～Tr6 of inverter 10 according to this energising inhibit command after repairing.Therefore do not export later mode c yet)～f) ad hoc fashion.
In addition, when transistor Tr 1～Tr6 being assembled in the assembly, during repairing assembly is all changed element wherein as a unit, therefore do not need specifically to determine which is the fault element, thereby just do not need short-circuit component judgment means 60 yet, only get final product unusually by the 58 display element short circuits of abnormal conditions aviso device.
The detection of the unusual or driving circuit abnormality of position detecting circuit
If ad hoc fashion a) or b) output procedure in do not detect overcurrent, then being judged to transistor Tr 1～Tr6, not have short circuit unusual, carries out new ad hoc fashion c successively from ad hoc fashion output device 55)～f) output.Each several part just often, this ad hoc fashion c)～f) with the corresponding one by one voting of the output of each comparison circuit 46～48 mutually, so the output of the voting circuit 50 of its next stage also just is decided to be " H " or " L ".
Therefore, corresponding to the ad hoc fashion of ad hoc fashion output device 55 output, by the output of 54 pairs of predefined position detecting circuits outputs just often as shown in Figure 7 of mode comparison means way of output that is voting circuit 50 and the voting circuit 50 of reality consistent comparing whether.At this moment, if both unanimities, the comparison circuit 46～48 that then constitutes position detecting circuit is normal, so mode comparison means 54 will start enabling signal and export to start-control device 57.
More than said position detecting circuit be the position detecting circuit of broad sense, it comprises the approximate neutral point current potential that replaces the motor winding of the intermediate potential that adopts the DC power supply voltage that obtains by divider resistance 28, and 3 groups of comparison circuits 46～48 that the voltage of the intermediate potential of this DC power supply and each stator winding is compared, and with the voting circuit 50 of result's output of the output combination of these 3 groups of comparison circuits.
On the other hand, if ad hoc fashion c)～different between the two in f) the output procedure, then mode comparison means 54 thinks have in the mode drive circuit 41 unusually, exports unusually.Should unusual output as position detecting circuit unusual or driving circuit abnormality and transferred to abnormal conditions aviso device 58.Therefore, unusual content aviso device 58 is represented the demonstration of the unusual or driving circuit abnormality of position detecting circuit.At this moment, or not therefore not inoperative to start-control device 57 input starting enabling signals, keep shut down condition.
In the case, if position detecting circuit (comparing 46～48) and drive circuit 41 are configured on the same printed circuit board, just there is no need to distinguish this two kinds of unusual contents, if but be configured in respectively on the different printed circuit board (PCB)s and when connecting by connector, and in the time of it being distinguished, the replacing position of trouble unit can be determined, maintenance efficiency can be improved.Therefore, for this location of fault is judged, failure judgement is to occur in position detecting circuit (comparison circuit 46～48,50) still to occur in drive circuit 41,, checks in the following order for this reason.
Unusual or the judgement of inverter/driving circuit abnormality of position detecting circuit
At first, the maintenance personal disconnects the connector between the output distribution of motor 2M and inverter 10, presses and forces running switch 62.After forcing running switch 62 to send the instruction of forcing running, force rotating device 63 that signal is transported to drive circuit 41, so that make the speed rotation of motor 2M, switch on and switch (forced commutation) mutually, and produce the output voltage of regulation with the 30rps size.
The control method of this output voltage is to be undertaken by the local PWM energising of the described driving phase in back.At this moment, the maintenance personal utilizes universal instrument, measures the average voltage between U-V, V-W, each phase of W-U.If this voltage between phases is identical, then the transistor Tr 1～Tr6 and the drive circuit 41 of decidable formation inverter 10 are normal.Therefore the decidable abort situation is at position detecting circuit (comparison circuit 46～48).On the other hand, if when voltage between phases produces greater than the deviation more than the feasible value, then being illustrated in has one to occur unusual or drive circuit 41 occurs unusually among transistor Tr 1～Tr6, and the result can judge it is the phase shortage running, transistor/driving circuit abnormality.
In addition, each transistor Tr 1～Tr6 and drive circuit 41 unusual can be judged by the driving voltage from drive circuit 41 that mensuration is applied on each transistor Tr 1～Tr6.If at the voltage that applies on the transistor of driven object is about 5V, then drive circuit 41 is normal, in addition, if the driving voltage that applies on all transistors is all just often, then drive circuit 41 is normal, and illustrating has one to be to disconnect unusually in each transistor Tr 1～Tr6.On the other hand, if be added in driving voltage deficiency on the transistor, then be that drive circuit 41 is unusual.
On the other hand, the result of mensuration judges that then unusual position is at the comparison circuit 46～48 that constitutes position detecting circuit, just can repair by changing this partial circuit if during the voltage between phases balance.
According to following check result, the maintenance personal just can repair rapidly by changing the circuit block of fault.
In addition, force rotating device 63 to carry out voltage between phases and measure and measure the time that is added on each transistor Tr 1～Tr6, for example 1 minute, after 1 minute, just stop to force running output from the driving voltage of drive circuit 41 for the maintenance personal.In addition, when finishing, force running switch 62 midway, at this moment force rotating device 63 to stop to force running output by pressing once more.
According to the above-mentioned practice, can judge transistor Tr 1～Tr6 short circuit, open circuit unusual, still drive circuit 41 is unusual for position detecting circuit (comparison circuit 46～48).
Processing after abnormal examination is judged
Through after the above-mentioned inspection,, start enabling signals to start-control device 57 inputs from comparison means 54 if do not note abnormalities the position.On the other hand, speed detector 53 calculates the also rotor speed of output motor 2M according to the output of position detecting device 52.The actual speed that 56 pairs of rotating speed comparison means are tried to achieve by speed detector 53 compares with the rotary speed instruction b by governor circuit 25 instructions, will transfer to voltage determination device 59 with the corresponding output of this comparative result.In other words, the not output of location detection certainly before starting, rotating speed is 0, after rotary speed instruction was greater than 0, the rotating speed of rotating speed comparison means 56 detects to export to become with this rotating speed increased corresponding signal output.
After start-control device 57 was received starting enabling signal from mode comparison means 54, the signal by the rotating speed that receives from rotating speed comparison means 56 increases entered the starting control action.
Normal starting
＜pressure Chang Huanliu 〉
When start-control device 57 begins at the starting control action, at first, send instruction, so that the output starting voltage to voltage determination device 59 with the 30 second time of clock setting.59 of voltage determination devices are when having this input instruction, no matter the signal of the speed discrepancy of being tried to achieve by rotating speed comparison means 56 how, but send the PWM power on signal of luffing without exception to the transistor of specific energising phase, apply the voltage of regulation with example.The voltage that applies during this PWM energising was directly proportional with the time, and voltage slowly rises, and sets to reach about 60V after 30 seconds.
On the other hand, start-control device 57 carries out the instruction of forced commutation action when energising phase determination device 61 sends starting.In addition, no matter the output signal of energising phase determination device 61 when this forced commutation work, still when the common change of current by the position probing decision, all makes each stagger 120 ° mutually.Each transistor is switched on during 120 °, therefore set the frequent no power of stator winding of 1 phase of motor 2M, and 1 phase stator winding of energising is the PWM energising.
This pressure is changed by mode shown in Figure 8 and is undertaken, and energising phase determination device 61 is to make at first by mode m1) begin energising, irrelevant with position probing, the time interval in accordance with regulations is from m1) begin up to m6) till, carry out repeatedly in order.Set this forced commutation and begin with the promptly long energization interval of low frequency at first, slowly shorten energization interval, the speed rotation output about making motor 2M with 20rps at last.
The beginning of＜position probing 〉
Finished through 30 seconds after this forced commutation action starting, but before finishing 2～3 seconds are sent action beginning output signal from start-control device 57 to position detecting device 52.After position detecting device 52 is received this signal, begin to detect, judge the output signal of position detecting circuit.
Intermediate potential to DC power supply voltage makes detected high pressure energising carrying out mutually H output with 3 comparison circuits 46～48 that the voltage of each stator winding compares, and L output is carried out in the low pressure energising mutually.During normal operation, when PWM begins, must be to each winding energising, because 1 is H mutually, 1 is L mutually, removes beyond the comparison circuit that is connected with non-energising in these 3 comparison circuits, all the other 2 comparison circuits must be one and be H output that another is L output when PWM begins.In addition, the H person who indicates the * back in comparison circuit 46～48 outputs of position detecting circuit shown in Fig. 8 output is the output with the corresponding energising of PWM comparison circuit mutually, when the H of * back or L represent that PWM begins, and the output of comparison circuit.And, the comparison circuit that is connected with the stator winding of remaining non-energising, the voltage (induced voltage) that in stator winding, produces according to being installed in epitrochanterian permanent magnet rotation and the intermediate potential result relatively of DC power supply voltage, in the permanent magnet handoff procedure, carry out from H to L or from the switching of L to H.In Fig. 8, represent the direction of this variation with H → L or L → H.
If the output of these 3 comparison circuits 46～48 is after energising is switched mutually, 2 is H, and 1 when being L, as its result, voting circuit 50 is just carried out H output, after this, the output of the comparison circuit of non-energising phase is by switching to L from H, is outputted to L output from this moment H.Therefore, when PWM begins, by the initial output of the voting circuit 50 of judging the energising phase from a kind of to another kind of switching instant, it is the moment of the non-energising phase of magnet crosscut, output according to voting circuit 50 detects this switching instant, can only detect the position of rotation of motor rotor at last with the output of voting circuit 50.
According to by energising tangent swap-in capable forced commutation, the output of judging comparison circuit at the appointed time whether normally from " H " to " L ", still carry out repeatedly on the contrary.If this judged result shows normally,,, begin to carry out commutation by the position probing decision according to the detection output signal of position detecting circuit then from forcing the running release constantly.
＜carry out the change of current according to the result of position probing 〉
In order to carry out the change of current according to position probing, to begin to carry out by position detecting device 52 detection positions to the half the time (being equivalent to 30 ° of electric angles) that carries out the time (being equivalent to 60 ° of electric angles) till the next position probing, from carrying out new position probing, in the moment of having passed through the above-mentioned time, position detecting device 52 is to energising phase determination device 61 output energising switching signals.Energising phase decision maker 61 carries out to the next one energising switching of energising mutually according to this energising switching signal.
On the other hand, all to speed detector 53 output signals, the times that speed detector 53 detects from this time position probing to next position probing, calculate the rotating speed of motor 2M according to this time during the each detection position of position detecting device 52.That is, the time from position probing to next position probing is equivalent to 60 ° of electric angles, as is at 4 pole motors, and in the time of 360 ° of electric angles * 2=720 ° being 1 changes, so this time of 60 ° 12 times (720 ÷ 60=12) are the time T of motor rotation 1 commentaries on classics.And, the inverse of the time T that this motor 1 changes (=1/T) be the rotating speed r (rps) of motor 2M.
＜rotating speed control (applying voltage control) 〉
The motor speed r that is detected by speed detector 53 carries out size relatively with the rotary speed instruction b that imports from governor circuit 25 in rotating speed comparison means 56, when r＜b, rotating speed comparison means 56 is to the instruction of voltage determination device 59 outputs increasing voltage, when r＞b, instruction to voltage determination device 59 outputs reducing voltage, and when r=b, the instruction of this voltage is kept in output.
Therefore, when than instruction rotating speed b hour of the rotating speed r of reality, voltage determination device 59 is controlled the duty ratio of the PWM energising that just increases the energising phase, improves output voltage, otherwise, reduce the duty ratio of PWM energising, reduce output voltage.
Summarily say, before the forced commutation starting was through 30 seconds, if position probing is normally carried out, then through after 30 seconds, beginning is carried out the change of current according to position probing, from this time, according to the big or small comparative result of instruction rotating speed b and actual speed r, control is applied to the voltage on the motor 2M.At this moment, because when starting instruction rotating speed b is bigger than actual speed r, be that the variation of duty ratio of PWM energising is big so be applied to voltage on the motor.When this voltage uprised, motor torque increased, and the rotating speed of motor begins to rise.After motor speed rose, shortened at the interval of position probing, and according to position probing, the change of current is also corresponding in advance.As a result, when actual speed r and instruction rotating speed b was consistent, the PWM duty ratio was constant at last, after this just runs steadily.Otherwise, when the instruction rotating speed descends, or because load when descending, and actual speed r sends the instruction that reduces voltage from rotating speed comparison means 56 when bigger than the instruction rotating speed to voltage determination device 59, the duty ratio of PWM is diminished, the output voltage of inverter 10 descends, and thereupon, the interval of position probing prolongs, the commutation of position probing also correspondingly prolongs, and keeps stable when actual speed r and instruction rotating speed b is consistent.
Poor starting is unusual
It more than is the explanation when normally starting, but when the rotor of motor 2M is obstructed can not rotate the time, can not get the output of position detecting circuit in the change of current action when starting, promptly, even carry out change of current action repeatedly, the output and the no change of the comparison circuit 46～48 of position detecting circuit conclude that then position detecting device 52 can not detect normal position at the appointed time.
Its result sends the signal that expression can not be carried out position probing from position detecting device 52 to motor abnormity judgement set 64.In addition, start-control device 57 self-startings rise through the initiating signal of output after 30 seconds constantly again through after 30 seconds, also be input in the motor anomalous discrimination device 64, motor anomalous discrimination device 64 is through after importing these two kinds of signals, judge the state that motor 2M can not rotate because of reason appearance such as be obstructed, the motor abnormal signal is transferred to unusual content aviso device 58.Therefore, unusual content aviso device 58 is represented the demonstration that motor is unusual.In addition, after motor abnormity judgement set 64 judges that motor are unusual, send to start-control device 57 and to forbid the signal that starts, forbid later action.
In addition, during the motor driven compression, can produce poor starting because of overload because load heavily causes, above-mentioned starting failure is through after the repeated multiple times, and promptly decidable motor 2M is unusual.At this moment, if stop transport after the 30 seconds initial start-up function, after this again by starting control 57 starting repeatedly, even starting repeatedly repeatedly, in the time of still can not carrying out position probing, just motor abnormity judgement set 64 judges that motor 2M is unusual.
In the above-described embodiments, induced voltage in cold stator winding is directly imported comparison circuit, it is relatively exported as position detection signal, after postponing 30 ° constantly, this detection switches the energising phase, but also can use as the spy and open the described method of clear 59-36519 communique, induced voltage in cold stator winding by dispensable mould filter circuit input comparison circuit, is relatively exported usefulness as position detection signal with it.At this moment because the output of comparison circuit has 90 ° delay, so from the energising, to the judgement comparison circuit output normal/abnormal till, must continue the delay of some time.
In addition, at this moment because 90 ° of the output delaies of comparison circuit, the output of comparison circuit also changes when therefore running well, and switches to next phase place according to above embodiment simultaneously.
(2) indoor fan control
＜main circuit and control circuit structure 〉
Referring now to Fig. 9 the main system of indoor fan 8 and the detailed structure of indoor fan control circuit 23 are described.
Indoor fan 8 is circulation fans.The fan motor 8M that drives this indoor fan 8 is the synchronous machine that a plurality of permanent magnets are housed in rotor, is provided with three phase windings in the stator.Stator winding adopts the star-star connection method, draw from its neutral point N and to obtain 70 ° of distributions that the neutral point current potential uses the main circuit of power supply, carry out rectification by 16 pairs of alternating currents of rectifier from power supply 13, carry out the direct voltage that smothing filtering obtains with capacitor 17 and make voltage stable by the variable DC/DC converter 18 of duty ratio again, for example become the direct voltage about 20～50V.DC/DC converter 18 is by switch transformer 181 and contain the DC-DC translation circuit of the transistor type that the switching transistor 182 of connecting with primary winding constitutes, the half-wave rectifying circuit 183 that constitutes by diode and capacitor and transistor 182 constituted with pulse generator 184 as the switch that is used for switch control.The voltage-dropping type DC/DC transformer 19 of output dc voltage of control converter 18 is connected with circuit, the duty ratio of switching transistor 191, the smoothing circuit 192 that is connected with its next stage and the oxide-semiconductor control transistors of using as break-and-make switch 191 and pulse generator 193 formations that switch is used.The output dc voltage of transformer 19 is transferred by inverter 11, supplies with the stator winding of motor 8M again by normally closed contact switch 71.The control mode of inverter 11 is identical with the control mode of the inverter that illustrated with reference to Fig. 5 10, the output voltage control of inverter 11 is not the PWM control of the sort of inverter of picture air compressor motor, but controlled by the direct voltage that voltage-dropping type DC/DC transformer 19 carries out, so the output of inverter 11 is all-wave energisings.
In indoor fan control circuit 23, be equipped with according to the output signal of current detector 30 and detect the overcurrent detecting device 75 of overcurrent of inverter 11 input circuits and the drive circuit 76 that drives the transistor Tr 11～Tr16 of inverter 11.The detection output signal of overcurrent detecting device 75 is transferred to drive circuit 76, voltage determination device 77 and abnormal conditions aviso device 78.Each phase output terminal U, V of inverter 11, the current potential of W transfer to each comparison circuit 79,80,81 mutually in the lump with the current potential of the neutral point N of the motor 8M that detects by distribution 70, carry out the contrast of each output current potential with respect to the neutral point current potential at this.The neutral point current potential also can be drawn like this, does not promptly have neutral point directly to draw from motor 8M, but 3 substitutional resistances are connected by the star-star connection method, and its free end is connected to the output of inverter 11 or the winding terminal of motor 8M.The approximate current potential of drawing neutral point from its shared contact gets final product.The comparison output signal of comparison circuit 79～81 flows to position detecting device 82 and mode comparison means 83.Detect the rotor-position of motor 8M by position detecting device 82.The detection signal of position detecting device 82 transfers to energising phase determination device 84 and speed detector 85.Speed detector 85 is according to the rotating speed of input position input motor 8M, and this detection signal is transferred to rotating speed comparison means 87.By the running instruction a input ad hoc fashion output device 86 that governor circuit 25 produces, rotary speed instruction c input speed comparison means 87.Behind the ad hoc fashion input unit 86 input running instruction a, the described ad hoc fashion in back is flowed to drive circuit 76, mode comparison means 83 and voltage determination device 77.In addition, mode comparison means 83 will compare according to the comparison output signal of comparison circuit 79～81 step mode of trying to achieve and the ad hoc fashion of importing from ad hoc fashion output device 86, according to this comparative result, if judge that the former is for just often, then will start enabling signal and flow to start-control device 88, if be judged to be when unusual, unusual output signal flowed to abnormal conditions condition discriminating apparatus 89, switch driving circuit 90 and voltage between phases set output device 91.The output signal that voltage between phases is set output device 91 flows to voltage determination device 77 and energising phase determination device 84.The compare result signal that is obtained by rotating speed comparison means 87 transfers to start-control device 88 and voltage determination device 77.Detect from exchange time (between U-V, between V-W, between the W-U) voltage of inverter 11 outputs by voltage check device 92,93,94, and be input to the uneven checkout gear 95 of voltage between phases.If after this detects the imbalance of voltage between phases, uneven detection signal is transferred to abnormal conditions condition discriminating apparatus 89.These abnormal conditions condition discriminating apparatus 89 bases are distinguished anomaly from two input signals of uneven checkout gear 95 of voltage between phases and mode comparison means 83, and abnormal signal is transferred to abnormal conditions aviso device 78.It is no abnormal that motor abnormity judgement set 96 judges that according to the output signal of the output signal of position detecting device 82 and start-control device 88 motor has, if note abnormalities, just abnormal signal is transferred to abnormal conditions aviso device 78 and start-control device 88.In addition, start-control device 88 is also imported the signal from mode comparison means 83 and rotating speed comparison means 87, and its output signal is transferred to voltage determination device 77, energising phase determination device 84, position detecting device 82 and motor abnormity judgement set 96.In addition, with dashed lines enclose the circuit part 97 that comes (part of representing with symbol 75,77,82～89,91～96) can be with microprocessor or logical circuit realization.
(prestart)
Alternating voltage from AC power 13 is transformed into direct current through rectifier 16, is adjusted to the direct voltage of definite value again with DC/DC converter 18.The secondary coil of the switch transformer 181 by comprising this DC/DC converter 18 and half-wave rectifying circuit 183 obtain direct voltage and are about 35V, are used for drive fan motor 8M.The output voltage V dd of the control power supply circuit 74 that is connected with the tertiary coil of transformer 181 is about direct current 10V, uses as the working power of control circuit.In addition, the condition of the minimum duty cycle of configuration switch transistor 182 is to make it also can not obtain sufficient output voltage V dd when motor 8M does not drive.
When indicating the air conditioner entry into service by the user, running instruction a is from governor circuit 25 input ad hoc fashion output devices 86.Ad hoc fashion output device 86 indication drive circuits 76 make it export the predefined three-phase way of output, indicate the direct voltage of voltage-dropping type DC/DC converter 19 output 25V simultaneously.So voltage-dropping type DC/DC transformer 19 output 25V direct voltage, voltages of the stator winding coercively fed ad hoc fashion of 11 couples of motor 8M of inverter simultaneously.This mode realizes according to the transistor way of output shown in Figure 10,100ms (millisecond) exports a) mode in the time after, stops 10ms, exports b then) mode.
The short circuit abnormality detection of inverter 11
In this output procedure, when overcurrent detecting device 75 detected overcurrent, it is unusual that short circuit appears in the crystal of then judgement formation inverter 11 and element, unusual by the 78 circular element short circuits of abnormal conditions aviso device.On the other hand, after overcurrent detecting device 75 detects overcurrent, send to drive circuit 76 and to forbid the instruction of switching on,, voltage-dropping type DC/DC converter 19 is stopped transport so that fault is no longer enlarged.Drive circuit 76 is from receiving that this inhibit command after repairing and before resetting, does not drive inverter 11.
In the time of in the transistor Tr 11～Tr16 with inverter 11 is assembled in an assembly, to change whole transistor units during repairing, therefore, only need unusually just enough by the 78 display element short circuits of abnormal conditions aviso device.
The detection of the unusual or inverter/driving circuit abnormality of position detecting circuit
B ad hoc fashion a), b) output procedure in, each several part just often, the output of position detecting circuit (comparison circuit 79～81) is corresponding one by one with ad hoc fashion, therefore corresponding to ad hoc fashion output+device 86 output ad hoc fashions, carry out consistent/inconsistent comparison with the output of the position detecting circuit of reality by the way of output of 83 pairs of predefined position detecting circuits just often as shown in figure 10 of mode comparison means.At this moment, if both unanimities, mode comparison means 83 is to start-control device 88 output starting enabling signals.
On the other hand, ad hoc fashion a), b) output procedure in, if both differences, then mode comparison means 83 is judged to position detecting circuit (79～81) and occurs unusual or exporting unusually and unusually appears in inverter 11/ drive circuit 76.This unusual output signal is transfused to abnormal conditions recognition device 89, voltage between phases is set in output device 91 and the switch driving circuit 90.
In addition, in this embodiment, with ad hoc fashion be set at mode a), b) two three-phase step modes, but as shown in figure 11, also can prepare 3 kinds of modes that the two-phase energising is arranged at every turn, importantly each stator winding realizes that with respect to neutral point 0 high pressure and two kinds of step modes of low pressure get final product.That is, the output of all comparison circuits 79～81 gets final product if can both obtain " H " and " L " value step mode by any mode.
At this moment, abnormal conditions recognition device 89 is not to circulate a notice of abnormal conditions at once, but at first begins the unusual or inverter/driving circuit abnormality of recognizing site testing circuit.
Distinguishing of position detecting circuit and inverter/driving circuit abnormality
At first, voltage between phases setting output device 91 carries out the output of the certain voltage about 20V by voltage determination device 77.Simultaneously, (forced commutation) switched in the energising of the speed rotation of energising phase determination device 84 about drive circuit 76 output signals make it make motor 8M with 50rps mutually.The detection output signal of energising phase determination device 84 position detecting device 82 when running well is to drive circuit 76 output changes of current instructions, but at this moment irrelevant with position detecting device 82, with the some cycles switching of switching on.At this moment, because switch driving circuit 90 according to the unusual input signal of mode comparison means 83, disconnects switch 71, so do not switch on to motor 8M.
Export by this energising (forced commutation), if inverter 11/ drive circuit 76, normally, the mean value of the U-V of inverter 11, V-W, each voltage between phases of W-U should be constant, but when phase shortage or drive circuit 76 are connected with each transistor Tr 11～Tr16 when disconnecting, it is unstable and uneven that balance of voltage value becomes.Therefore; detect each alternate average voltage by 3 voltage check devices 92～94; its result is imported the uneven checkout gear 95 of voltage between phases; estimate each voltage between phases at this and whether have the amplitude of predesignating; whether in the scope of regulation; according to this evaluation result, with normal or unusual identification signal input abnormal conditions recognition device 89.At this moment, if when receiving unusual output signal, abnormal conditions recognition device 89 is to unusual intelligence aids device 78 output inverters 11/ drive circuit 76 abnormal signals, and abnormal conditions aviso device 78 carries out this demonstration.On the other hand, when the uneven checkout gear 95 of voltage between phases is exported normally, abnormal conditions recognition device 89 carries out position detecting circuit (79～81) to abnormal conditions aviso device 78 and unusual output signal occurs, and abnormal conditions aviso device 78 is represented the demonstration of this situation.
In addition, voltage between phases is set the inner clock setting of installing of output device 91 usefulness and is begun to finish the used time (for example 20 seconds) to uneven detection of voltage between phases from measuring output, according to the end of the setting-up time of this clock, stop to export to energising phase determination device 84 and voltage determination device 77.
Also can finish above-mentioned action, promptly utilize the uneven checkout gear 95 of voltage between phases to finish this testing, the result be exported the back finish to get final product without clock.At this moment, the uneven checkout gear 95 of voltage between phases can stop energising in detection the finish time, has the advantage of not carrying out idle energising.
The summary that abnormal examination is distinguished
By above a series of actions, can distinguish and represent three kinds of anomalies such as the transistor unit short circuit of inverter 11 is unusual, position detecting circuit (79～81) is unusual and inverter 11/ drive circuit 76 is unusual.
After abnormal examination is distinguished
Through behind the above-mentioned checked operation,, start enabling signals to start-control device 88 inputs by mode comparison means 83 if do not note abnormalities.On the other hand, speed detector 85 is according to the output signal of position detecting device 82, the rotating speed of calculating motor 8M.The rotating speed that 87 pairs of rotating speed comparison means are detected by speed detector 85 compares with the rotary speed instruction c from governor circuit 25 inputs, and will transfer to start-control device 88 with the corresponding output signal of this comparative result.In other words, prestart does not have the position probing output signal certainly, thus rotating speed detect and to be output as 0, when rotary speed instruction greater than 0 the time, the signal that rotating speed comparison means 87 these rotating speeds of output increase.
After start-control device is received the starting enabling signal, when rotating speed comparison means 87 is received the signal that rotating speed increases, enter the starting control action.
Normal starting
＜forced commutation 〉
Start-control device 88 is at first used the inner clock setting of installing 30 seconds, and command voltage determination device 77 output starting voltages.Voltage determination device 77 is only limited to when this input signal is arranged, no matter whether the speed discrepancy signal from 87 outputs of rotating speed comparison means is arranged, and without exception by pulse generator 193, the duty ratio of the transistor 191 of the DC/DC converter 19 of change output starting voltage.The starting voltage of this output was directly proportional with the time, and voltage slowly rises, and reached 10V after 30 seconds.
On the other hand, start-control device 88 sends the instruction of carrying out forced commutation to energising phase determination device 84 when starting.In addition, the output of energising phase determination device 84 is to set like this, and is promptly the same with usually according to the position probing change of current time at the forced commutation duration of work, makes each stagger 120 ° mutually, switches in during 120 ° of electric angles, and 1 phase no power is often arranged.
Energising phase decision maker 84 begins to switch on from any one at first mutually, and is irrelevant with position probing, switches to next phase of the direction of rotation of regulation then.Carry out such change of current successively.This forced commutation begins with low-frequency degree at first, and frequency is slowly risen, and the speed that reaches at last about making motor 8M with 10rps is the output of rotation.
＜position probing begins 〉
This forced commutation action finished after 30 seconds, before end 2～3 seconds, from the signal that start-control device 88 is started working to position detecting device 82 output, receive this signal after, position detecting device 82 begins to detect, judge the output signal of position detecting circuit (79～81).
Position detecting circuit is made of 3 comparison circuits 79～81 that will compare corresponding to the voltage of each stator winding of the neutral point current potential of motor stator winding, when detected stator winding is non-energising phase time, owing to be installed in the rotation of the permanent magnet of rotor, and has effect as generator, in winding, produce voltage (induced voltage), carry out size relatively by neutral point current potential with this voltage and stator winding, thereby can detect the moment of this stator winding by the permanent magnet position, so this is to be used for the circuit of position of rotation of detection rotor.
Position detecting device 82 monitors and the energising output of the mutually corresponding specific comparison circuit of non-energising of this moment of determination device 84 selections mutually, detects the output signal from " H " to " L " or the transformation period from " L " to " H " of this comparison circuit.And, judge whether the output of comparison circuit normally switches in turn within the limits prescribed according to by the capable forced commutation of the tangent swap-in of energising.
This judged result shows that normally from the forced commutation release constantly, beginning is exported the change of current of carrying out by the position probing decision according to the detection of position detecting circuit.
＜according to the position probing change of current 〉
The change of current of being undertaken by position probing, be that the half the time (being equivalent to 30 ° of electric angles) that will play the time (being equivalent to 60 ° of electric angles) till the position probing next time when position detecting device 82 carries out position probing stores, new position probing begin the back to passed through should the time the moment, export the energising switching signals from position detecting device 82 to energising phase determination device 84, energising phase determination device 84 switches to next energising energising mutually according to this energising switching signal.
On the other hand, when position detecting device 82 carried out position probing at every turn, all to speed detector 85 output signals, speed detector detected the time from this position probing to next position probing, calculates the rotating speed of motor 8M according to this time.Promptly the time from this position probing to next position probing is equivalent to 60 ° of electric angles, as is 4 pole motors, and 360 ° of electric angles * 2=720 ° is 1 to change, so this time of 60 ° 12 times (720 ÷ 60=12) are the time T of motor rotation 1 commentaries on classics.And the inverse (1/T) of the time T that motor rotation 1 is changeed is exactly the rotating speed r (rps) of motor.
＜rotating speed control (applying voltage control) 〉
At this moment, carrying out size by 87 couples of motor speed r that detected by speed detector 85 of rotating speed comparison means with the rotary speed instruction c that imports from governor circuit 25 compares.When r＜c, the rotating speed comparison means is to voltage decision maker 77 input voltage climb commands, and when r＞c, to the instruction that descends of voltage decision maker 77 output voltages, when r=c, output keeps the instruction of the voltage of this moment.Like this, the duty ratio of the switching transistor 191 of voltage decision maker 77 control voltage-dropping type DC/DC converters 19 is so that when actual speed r is lower than the rotating speed c that instructs, improves the output voltage of voltage-dropping type DC/DC converter 19, otherwise then reduce output voltage.
In brief, after forced commutation starting, if before through 30 seconds, position probing is carried out normally, then after through 30 seconds, and the change of current that beginning is undertaken by position probing, from this time, according to the magnitude relationship between instruction rotating speed c and the actual speed r, control is applied to the voltage on the motor.At this moment, because when starting instruction rotating speed c is than actual speed r height, be that the output voltage of voltage-dropping type DC/DC converter 19 uprises so will be applied to voltage on the motor 8M.After this voltage raise, motor torque increased, and the rotating speed of motor 8M begins to rise.After the rotating speed of motor 8M rose, shortened at the interval of position probing, and the change of current of being undertaken by position probing also correspondingly shifts to an earlier date.As a result, the output voltage of voltage-dropping type DC/DC converter 19 increases, and till actual speed r and instruction rotating speed c unanimity, after this carries out runs steadily.In addition, owing to instruction rotating speed c descends or load descends when seeming that actual speed r is higher than instruction rotating speed c, carry the instruction that reduces voltage from rotating speed comparison means 87 to voltage determination device 77, thereby the output voltage of voltage-dropping type DC/DC converter 19 descends, the interval of position probing prolongs thereupon, the commutation of being undertaken by position probing also correspondingly prolongs, and reaches stable when actual speed r and instruction rotating speed c is consistent.
The detection that poor starting is unusual
More than be the explanation of normal starting action, but when rotor suffered restraints, motor 8M just can not rotate, therefore, must be in the forced commutation course of action during starting less than the output of position detecting circuit (79～81).In other words, even carry out switch operation repeatedly, the output of comparison circuit 70～81 is still constant, can not carry out normal position probing with position detecting device 82.As a result, can not carry out the signal of position probing to the 96 input expressions of motor abnormity judgement set from position detecting device 82.In addition, starting after 30 seconds after the starting of start-control device 88 output through 30 seconds the signal also input motor abnormity judgement set 96.Motor abnormity judgement set 96 judges that promptly motor 8M is in the state that can not rotate because of suffering restraints etc., gives abnormal conditions aviso device 78 with the motor abnormal signal after having imported these two kinds of signals.As a result, abnormal conditions aviso device 78 represents that unusual circular appears in motor 8M.
After motor abnormity judgement set 96 is judged unusually, will forbid that the signal that starts transfers to start-control device 88, make voltage decision maker 77 stop action by this start-control device 88, make energising phase decision maker 84 also stop action, forbid later action.
For fan motor,, at first do not consider therefore only to move the poor starting that causes because of overload and judge whether motor 8M is unusual by one push start because load is light.
(3) outdoor fan control
The structure of＜main circuit and control circuit 〉
The detailed structure of the main system of outdoor fan 7 and outdoor fan control circuit 24 as shown in figure 12.
The detailed structure of the main system of outdoor fan 7 and outdoor fan control circuit 24 as shown in figure 12.
Outdoor fan 7 is blade fans.Fan is the synchronous motor that 4 permanent magnets are housed in the rotor with motor 7M, and three phase windings are housed in the stator, adopts delta connection to connect.
By the direct voltage that rectification circuit 20 and capacitor 21 obtain, become interchange by inverter 12 again, drive fan motor 7M from the alternating voltage of the 100V of AC power 13.Inverter 12 is made of 6 transistor Tr 21～Tr26 that constitute 6 branch roads, takes out the three-phase alternating current output voltage from the sub-U of ac output end, V, W.This inverter 12 and motor 7M constitute the commutatorless motor.The connector 100 of circuit breaker effect has been housed between inverter 12 and motor 7M.Identical with the situation of Fig. 1, also have the current detector 32 of sending out piezoresistance 31 and constituting that the midpoint potential of the input voltage that detects inverter 12 is used by the low resistance that detects input current.Inverter 12 is also controlled according to the control form shown in Fig. 5,6.
Also have according to the output signal of current detector 32 and detect the overcurrent detecting device 101 that the overcurrent of the input circuit of inverter 12 is used, and drive control transistor Tr21～Tr26 drive circuit 102.The detection output signal of overcurrent detecting device 101 is transferred to drive circuit 102 and abnormal conditions aviso device 103.Compare in each comparison circuit 104,105,106 mutually with corresponding each the phase output terminal voltage of midpoint potential by divider resistance 31 is that obtain at the output of inverter 12, each size consequential signal relatively is transfused to position detecting device 107 and mode comparison means 108.The position detection signal that is obtained by position detecting device 107 is fed to energising phase determination device 109, speed detector 110 and motor abnormity judgement set 111.The output of motor abnormity judgement set 111 is connected on the abnormal conditions aviso device 103.The running instruction a that produces from governor circuit 25 is input to start-control device 112, and rotary speed instruction d is input to rotating speed comparison means 113.113 couples of detection rotating speed and rotary speed instruction d from speed detector 110 inputs of rotating speed comparison means compare, and the signal suitable with its difference transferred to start-control device 112 and voltage determination device 114.The output of start-control device 112 is connected with motor abnormity judgement set 111 and voltage determination device 114.The output of voltage determination device 114 is connected on the energising phase determination device 109.Except the output signal of above-mentioned comparison circuit, the output signal of the phase of switching in addition determination device 109 also is input in the mode comparison means 108, and its output is connected with unusual content aviso device 103.After forcing running switch 115 to send pressure running instruction, this signal is delivered to drive circuit 102 by forcing rotating device 116.
The control compressor that the front illustrated or the control circuit of indoor fan, all be specific mode to be exported to the motor winding from inverter at prestart, but under the situation of outdoor fan with motor 7M of explanation now, be that the output signal itself when utilizing common starting operation is judged various unusual.
After indicating the air conditioner entry into service by the user, by running instruction input start-control device 112 from governor circuit 25.On the other hand, the output of the speed detector of exporting behind 113 pairs of rotating speeds of rotating speed comparison means 110 according to the output signal calculating motor 7M of position detecting device 107 with compare from the rotary speed instruction d of governor circuit 25 input instructions such as (expression high speed, middling speed, low speed) stopping, and will transfer to start-control device 112 with the corresponding output signal of this comparative result.In other words,,, speed is output as 0 so detecting owing to do not have the output of position probing certainly at prestart, when any change of rotary speed instruction d in high, medium and low, and the signal of rotating speed comparison means 113 output increase rotating speeds.
Behind the start-control device 112 input running instruction a, after rotating speed comparison means 113 is received the signal that increases rotating speed, enter the starting Control work.The energising output of the starting Control work of start-control device 112 when the 109 indication startings of energising phase determination device, the voltage output when the 114 indication startings of voltage determination device simultaneously.According to this indication, energising phase determination device 109 instruction driving circuits 102, make its as shown in figure 13 predefined way of output m1 of output repeatedly in order)～m6), 114 pairs of energisings of voltage decision maker phase decision maker 109 is set and is slowly risen from 10V, reaches the duty ratio of the PWM energising about 30V after 30 seconds behind the expectation proceed-to-send.
The energising phase decision maker 109 that the duty ratio setting content of the PWM energising of this voltage determination device 114 is imported, according to the duty ratio of this setting, with way of output m1)～m6) exist in each mode transistorized ON/OFF (on/off) signal in the PWM energising mutually of 1 phase to export.During starting, irrelevant with position probing, switch by the switch on pressure of phase of the way of output shown in Figure 13 according to the time.
This way of output is carried out according to the described position probing in back too when the switching of the phase of switching on, and just determines this point difference in the switching time of the phase of switching on by position probing.
During starting, this energising is switched initial low-frequency degree with the 1.6rps size mutually and is begun, and frequency is slowly risen, and makes the rotating speed of motor 7M reach about 10rps at last.
In addition, expression PWM carries out the PWM energising according to the duty ratio of the PWM of voltage decision maker 114 decisions in Figure 13, " one " in the position detecting circuit Output bar is the position probing phase, expression can not fully detect induced voltage from the starting beginning in official hour, be from starting shown in the bracket, after official hour, produce enough induced voltages after, the output variable condition of obtainable comparison circuit 104～106 just often.In addition, L/H or H/L represent to detect carry out mutually PWM energising mutually in the output of comparison circuit, be L when L/H represents transistor turns, be H during disconnection, otherwise, be H when H/L represents transistor turns, be L during disconnection.
Therefore, initial way of output m1 during starting), switch to mode m2 behind about 50ms).After this, switch to mode m3 in turn every 50ms approximately)～mode m6), at mode m6) after return mode m1).Suppose that now motor 7M is 4 utmost points, so pass through way of output m1 repeatedly 2 times)～m6), motor 7M rotation 1 is changeed, and rotating speed at this moment is about 1.6rps.And slowly shorten its switching time, becomes every 8ms at last and once switch in turn, the speed rotation output of motor 7M about with 10rps.
The short circuit that the following describes the transistor Tr 21～Tr26 that constitutes inverter 12 reaches the unusual recognition methods of position detecting circuit (104～106) or inverter 12/ drive circuit 102 unusually.
The short circuit abnormality detection of 3 phase output transistors
In this output procedure, when overcurrent detecting device 101 detects overcurrent, judge that just inverter 12 short circuits are unusual, by the 103 circular element short circuits of abnormal conditions aviso device.On the other hand, when overcurrent detecting device 101 detected overcurrent, instruction driving circuit 102 was forbidden energising, in order to avoid cause bigger fault.Drive circuit 102 is when receiving this inhibit command, up to not driving inverter 12 through repairing before resetting.
The detection of the unusual or inverter/driving circuit abnormality of position detecting circuit
At mode m1)～m6) output procedure in, check the output state of each comparison circuit 104～106.Promptly when the way of output be m1) time, check by mode comparison means 108 whether the output of comparison circuit 106 is L, when the way of output is m2) time, whether the output of comparison circuit 105 is to be H, test mode m3 successively later on) time, whether the output of comparison circuit 104 is L, mode m4) time, whether the output of comparison circuit 106 is H, mode m5) time, whether the output of comparison circuit 105 is L, mode m6) time, whether the output of comparison circuit 104 is H.By above-mentioned inspection, it is unusual or normal to confirm that each H and L are output as to whole comparison circuits 104～106.
The method of confirming the output of a comparison circuit with respect to each mode more than has been described, if but can determine to export synchronously with PWM, then when a kind of mode, also can check the output of 2 comparison circuits simultaneously.This can check with mode comparison means 108, for example at mode m1) situation under, during PWM output conducting, comparison circuit 104 be H, when PWM output was broken, comparison circuit 104 was L.
At this moment, as being mode m1) can check comparison circuit 104, as be mode m2), can check comparison circuit 106, as be mode m3), can check comparison circuit 105.But at this moment must be synchronous with PWM output, simultaneously, when starting,,,, reasons such as noise slip up owing to may causing inspection so the time that PWM connects is short because the voltage that applies is low.Therefore, when comparing channel check in PWM energising mutually, must take such countermeasure: promptly repeatedly switch on, as result when all being unusual, but then preliminary judgement is unusual.
Above check result if mode comparison means 108 is concluded whole comparison circuits just often, can continue starting operation.
On the other hand, at mode m1)～m6) output procedure in, if the output of comparison circuit and predetermined value are not simultaneously, mode comparison means 108 is judged that promptly position detecting circuit occurs unusual or is judged that exporting unusually and unusually appears in inverter/drive circuit.
The discriminating conduct of position detecting circuit and inverter/driving circuit abnormality
At first, the maintenance personal disconnects fan with the connector between the distribution of motor 7M and inverter 12 100, presses and forces running switch 115.After forcing 115 inputs of running switch to force the running instruction, force rotating device 116 that control signal is transferred to drive circuit 102, the output voltage that the speed rotation about making motor 7M with 30rps is switched on and switched (forced commutation) mutually and produce regulation.At this moment, the maintenance personal uses universal instrument to check U-V, V-W, each alternate average voltage of W-U of inverter 12.If this voltage between phases is roughly the same, conclude that then inverter 12 and drive circuit 102 are normal.Therefore, can judge that fault is to occur in position detecting circuit (comparison circuit 104～196).On the other hand, when the deviation of voltage between phases when feasible value is above, then judging has a transistor to occur unusual or the phase shortage running appears becoming unusually in drive circuit 102 in the inverter 12, judge inverter/driving circuit abnormality.
In addition, each transistor Tr 21～Tr26 and drive circuit 102 unusual can be applied to each transistorized driving voltage from drive circuit 102 by mensuration and differentiate.If the driving voltage that is applied on driven transistor is 5V, then drive circuit 102 is normal, in addition, if the voltage that is applied on all transistors is all normal, then drive circuit 102 is normal, but has one to be to occur disconnecting unusually in transistor Tr 21～Tr26.On the other hand, if be applied to driving voltage deficiency on the transistor, then be that drive circuit 102 is unusual.
On the other hand, if during the voltage between phases balance of measurement result inverter 12 output, then specification exception is to occur in position detecting circuit (104～106), just can fix by the circuit element of changing this part.
The maintenance personal, just can fix rapidly by changing the faulted circuit device according to above check result.
In addition, force rotating device 116 to measure voltage between phases and be applied to time that driving voltage experienced on the transistor Tr 21～Tr26 of inverter 12 from drive circuit 102 the maintenance personal, for example passed through 1 minute after, just stop this pressure running operation.In addition,, can press once more and force running switch 115, just force rotating device 116 to stop to force running output constantly at this if when thinking to finish halfway.
Abnormal examination identification is summed up
The short circuit that can discern and show the transistor Tr 21～Tr26 that constitutes inverter 12 as stated above is unusual, position detecting circuit (comparison circuit 104～106), the running of inverter 12 and drive circuit 102.
Starting control
＜forced commutation 〉
In the inspection action that above-mentioned starting begins, if the output of position detecting circuit is no abnormal, then make energising phase determination device 109 carry out way of output m1 repeatedly)～m6), while is along with the process of time, shorten the switching time of this output gradually, and strengthen the duty ratio of the PWM energising of voltage determination device 114.
The result is that energising phase determination device 109 and voltage determination device 114 make fan motor 7M rotation (starting) at first, and the magnitude of voltage that changes energization interval and apply, and fan is rotated with the speed of about 10rps with motor 7M.
＜position probing begins 〉
This forced commutation work is through finishing after 30 seconds, but before finishing 2～3 seconds, the signal of starting working to position detecting device 107 outputs from start-control device 112.After position detecting device 107 is received this signal, begin to detect, judge the working condition of the output signal of position detecting circuit 104～106.The position detecting circuit that is made of comparison circuit 104～106 compares intermediate potential and each cross streams output voltage of the input DC power of the inverter 12 that takes out by divider resistance 31, and this comparison output signal is transferred to position detecting device 107.Position detecting device 107 monitors the output signal of energising phase determination devices 109 and the mutually corresponding specific comparison circuit of selected non-energising this moment, detects the output signal from " H " to " L " of this comparison circuit or the time of from " L " to " H " variation.
In addition, as mentioned above, all there are some PWM energising phases constantly, therefore in being input to the induced voltage of comparison circuit, contain bigger noise at each.Therefore, in 107 a certain moment during PWM switches on connection of position detecting device, export the output signal that obtains comparison circuit synchronously with the PWM energising of determination device 109 outputs mutually of switching on, so that this signal is effective.And, distinguish whether the output of comparing circuit in the official hour scope normally continues to switch according to by the capable change of current of the tangent swap-in of energising.The result who differentiates then judges poor starting, to handling unusually of motor as being bad.
Poor starting is unusual
Above-mentioned identification result is as being normal, when the forced commutation end-of-job, promptly makes in the starting action beginning through after 30 seconds from start-control device 112, and beginning is carried out the change of current according to the detection output signal of position detecting circuit.
＜carry out the change of current according to position probing 〉
The change of current of carrying out according to position probing is to play the half the time (being equivalent to 30 ° of electric angles) of the time (being equivalent to 60 ° of electric angles) that next position probing ends and store carrying out position probing from this by position detecting device 107, begin in the moment of this time in new position probing, switch on phase determination devices 109 according to this energising switching signal from position detecting device 107 to energising phase determination device 109 output energising switching signals, switch energising by following step mode.Promptly pressing step mode m1) when switching on, just switch to next time by step mode m2 and switch on.
When position detecting device 107 carries out position probing at every turn on the other hand, all to speed detector 110 output signals.Speed detector 110 is measured the times from this position probing to next position probing, calculates the rotating speed of fan with motor 7M according to this time.Promptly the time from this position probing to next position probing is equivalent to 60 ° of electric angles, as is 4 pole motors, and in the time of 360 ° of electric angles * 2=720 ° being 1 changes, so 12 (=720 ÷ 60) of this time of 60 ° doubly are the time T that motor rotation 1 is changeed.And, the inverse of this 1 time T of changeing (=1/T) be exactly the rotating speed r (rps) of motor.
＜rotating speed control (applying voltage control) 〉
At this moment, the motor speed r that detects by speed detector 110 in rotating speed comparison means 113 with corresponding in advance at the rotating speed f of inner setting from the rotary speed instruction d (high, medium and low) of governor circuit 25 inputs) carry out size comparison, when r＜f, the rotating speed comparison means is to the instruction of voltage decision maker 114 output boosted voltages, when r＞f, output reduces the instruction of voltage, and when r=f, the instruction of the voltage of this moment is kept in output.Therefore, when actual speed r is lower than the rotating speed that instructs, just increase duty ratio, to improve output voltage, when opposite, then reduce duty ratio, to reduce output voltage.
In brief, after carrying out forced commutation starting through 30 seconds before, if position probing is normally carried out, then after 30 seconds, begin to carry out the change of current by position probing, be added in fan constantly with the voltage on the motor 7M from this, control according to the magnitude relationship of instruction rotating speed f and actual speed r.At this moment, because when starting instruction rotating speed f than actual speed height, therefore improves and is added in fan and promptly improves the switch on PWM duty ratio of phase of PWM with the voltage on the motor 7M, so output voltage uprises.After this voltage raise, motor torque increased, and fan begins to rise with motor speed.After motor speed rose, position probing shortened at interval, and opsition dependent detects the commutation of carrying out also correspondingly to shift to an earlier date.As a result, actual speed reaches before the and instruction rotating speed f unanimity at last, and the PWM duty ratio increases, and when actual speed reached and instruction rotating speed f unanimity, the PWM duty ratio was stable.
In addition, when making that actual speed is higher than the instruction rotating speed when instruction rotating speed descends or owing to load decline, send the instruction that reduces voltage to voltage determination device 114 from rotating speed comparison means 113, PWM is than descending, and the voltage that is added on the motor descends, and follows reducing of motor torque, motor speed descends, position probing prolongs at interval, connects the also corresponding prolongation of commutation that position probing is carried out, and actual speed r and instruction rotating speed reaches stable when consistent.
In addition, rotary speed instruction d (high, medium and low) changes, and the instruction rotating speed increases or when reducing, rotating speed comparison means 113 compares new instruction rotating speed f and actual speed r equally, and when therefore instructing rotating speed to increase, the PWM duty ratio increases, otherwise when the instruction rotating speed descended, the PWM duty ratio reduced.Therefore, at this moment also after time delay to a certain degree, actual speed r is consistent with new instruction rotating speed, carries out the running that conforms to rotary speed instruction.
Poor starting is unusual
More than be the explanation that normally starts, but fan with motor 7M owing to suffer restraints etc. former thereby can not rotate the time, can not get the output signal of position detecting circuit in the forced commutation process when starting.That is,, during the energising of regulation, can not get necessary output signal, therefore conclude that position detecting device 107 can not carry out normal position probing from comparison circuit 104～106 even carry out change of current work repeatedly.As a result, can not carry out the signal of position probing to the 111 input expressions of motor abnormity judgement set from position detecting device 107.In addition, starting after 30 seconds from the starting of start-control device 112 output through 30 seconds signal also input motor abnormity judgement set 111.After these two signals all are input into the motor abnormity judgement set, since starting the time confirmed there is no the inverter short circuit reach unusually position detecting circuit unusually, also no-reverse change device/driving circuit abnormality, therefore at this moment possible is exactly unusually fan with motor 7M because of be obstructed etc. former thereby can not rotate unusually.
Therefore, from motor abnormity judgement set 111 to abnormal conditions aviso device 103 input motor abnormal signals.After unusual content aviso device 103 is received this signal, represent the circular that motor is unusual.In addition, motor abnormity judgement set 111 judge unusual after, carry to start-control device 112 and to forbid the signal that starts making energising phase decision maker 109 stop output, forbid later action.
As mentioned above, if when adopting the present invention to detect, motor that can will cause owing to the fault of motor itself does not rotate and the motor that causes owing to the fault of control circuit does not rotate and distinguished, thereby can thereby take adequate measures according to the former of fault.
Claims (13)
1. commutatorless control device of electric motor, be provided with comparison circuit in each phase, be used for rotating magnetic field being applied to the stator winding terminal voltage of commutatorless motor of the threephase stator winding of using on the permanent magnet type rotor and the reference voltage of regulation compares to being equipped with, the induced voltage detection rotor position that in cold stator winding, produces when rotating according to motor by these comparison circuits, also be provided with to each phase stator winding and switch the controller of energising, being characterized as of this commutatorless control device of electric motor: be provided with according to and energising in the output signal of the corresponding comparison circuit of stator winding detect unusual abnormal detector.
2. commutatorless control device of electric motor according to claim 1 is characterized by: the energising device of supplying with specific step mode when being provided with above-mentioned motor and stopping transport to each stator winding; The comparison means that the benchmark output signal that above-mentioned energising device is set accordingly at when energising and this step mode and the output signal of above-mentioned comparison circuit compare; Above-mentioned abnormal detector detects unusual according to the comparative result of this comparison means.
3. commutatorless control device of electric motor according to claim 1 is characterized by: supply with respect to stipulated standard voltage to all stator winding selectively when being provided with above-mentioned motor and stopping transport and be the 1st step mode of high voltage and be the energising device of the 2nd step mode of low voltage with respect to reference voltage to all stator winding supplies selectively; The comparison means that above-mentioned energising device compared for the output signal of benchmark output signal of setting accordingly with above-mentioned step mode and above-mentioned comparison circuit in when energising; Above-mentioned abnormal detector detects unusual according to the comparative result of this comparison means.
4. commutatorless control device of electric motor according to claim 1 is characterized by: be provided with the also position probing comparison circuit of detection rotor position is made up in the relatively output of above-mentioned comparison circuit; When above-mentioned motor is stopped transport to 1 mutually or the reference voltage supplied with than regulation of 2 phase stator winding be low voltage, and supply with the energising device that reference voltage than regulation is the multiple step mode of high voltage to all the other stator winding; The comparison means that above-mentioned energising device compared for the output signal of benchmark output signal of setting accordingly with this step mode and above-mentioned position probing comparison circuit in when energising; Above-mentioned abnormal detector detects unusual according to the comparative result of above-mentioned comparison means.
5. according to any described commutatorless control device of electric motor in the claim 2 to 4, it is characterized by: also be provided with the judgment means that the running of judging above-mentioned motor begins, after above-mentioned judgment means is judged the running beginning, by above-mentioned energising device before above-mentioned motor starting to each stator winding electrifying.
6. according to any described commutatorless control device of electric motor in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized by: also be provided with when above-mentioned abnormal detector and detect when unusual, circulate a notice of this unusual aviso device.
7. according to any described commutatorless control device of electric motor in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized by: the current sensing means that also is provided with the electric current that detects above-mentioned motor; And after above-mentioned current sensing means detects overcurrent in the stator winding electrifying process, forbid energising inhibiting apparatus to stator winding electrifying at above-mentioned energising device.
8. commutatorless control device of electric motor according to claim 7 is characterized by: also be provided with at above-mentioned energising device when above-mentioned current sensing means detects overcurrent in the stator winding electrifying process, circulate a notice of the 2nd aviso device of this overcurrent abnormality.
9. according to any described commutatorless control device of electric motor in the claim 2 to 4, it is characterized by: the stipulated standard voltage of supplying with above-mentioned comparison circuit is equivalent to supply with the voltage of roughly median of the input direct voltage of above-mentioned motor.
10. according to any described commutatorless control device of electric motor in the claim 2 to 4, it is characterized by: the reference voltage of supplying with above-mentioned comparison circuit is equivalent to the neutral point current potential of above-mentioned motor stator winding.
11. according to any described commutatorless control device of electric motor in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized by: above-mentioned commutatorless motor mounting is in the hermetic type compressor of air conditioner.
12. according to any described commutatorless control device of electric motor in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized by: above-mentioned commutatorless motor is used to drive the fan of air conditioner.
13. the method for detecting abnormality of commutatorless motor, be to be provided with comparison circuit in each phase, be used for rotating magnetic field being applied to the stator winding terminal voltage of commutatorless motor of the threephase stator winding of using on the permanent magnet type rotor and the reference voltage of regulation compares to being equipped with, the induced voltage detection rotor position that in cold stator winding, produces when rotating according to motor by these comparison circuits, also have the inverter from energising to each phase stator winding and the controller thereof that switch, being characterized as of the method for detecting abnormality of this commutatorless motor: it comprises that the output according to above-mentioned comparison circuit detects unusual method; And detect when unusual according to said method, disconnecting under said stator winding and the state that above-mentioned inverter is connected, make the frequency and the voltage of inverter output regulation, and measure the method for the voltage between phases that inverter at this moment exports; When each the voltage between phases value that records is roughly the same, judge that then above-mentioned comparison circuit is unusual, in other cases, then judge the method that inverter is unusual.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15514794 | 1994-06-14 | ||
| JP155147/94 | 1994-06-14 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1115135A CN1115135A (en) | 1996-01-17 |
| CN1040384C true CN1040384C (en) | 1998-10-21 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95101464A Expired - Fee Related CN1040384C (en) | 1994-06-14 | 1995-01-28 | Controlling device and abnormal detecting method of commutatorless electric motor and air conditioner |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US5694010A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR0184695B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1040384C (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2290428B (en) |
| TW (1) | TW328190B (en) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6153993A (en) | 2000-11-28 |
| GB9512020D0 (en) | 1995-08-09 |
| TW328190B (en) | 1998-03-11 |
| KR960003064A (en) | 1996-01-26 |
| KR0184695B1 (en) | 1999-05-15 |
| US5694010A (en) | 1997-12-02 |
| CN1115135A (en) | 1996-01-17 |
| GB2290428A (en) | 1995-12-20 |
| GB2290428B (en) | 1998-07-08 |
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