CN104034601A - Method for accurately determining high-temperature mechanical property parameters of heat preventing material based on digital image related technology - Google Patents
Method for accurately determining high-temperature mechanical property parameters of heat preventing material based on digital image related technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN104034601A CN104034601A CN201410314141.0A CN201410314141A CN104034601A CN 104034601 A CN104034601 A CN 104034601A CN 201410314141 A CN201410314141 A CN 201410314141A CN 104034601 A CN104034601 A CN 104034601A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for accurately determining high-temperature mechanical property parameters of a heat preventing material based on the digital image related technology, and belongs to the technical field of material parameter measuring through tests. The deformation situation of the material in the test process is acquired based on the digital image related technology, and the mechanical property parameters of the material at the vacuum (inflation) and certain temperature are determined according to the load and the temperature data provided by a high-temperature mechanical test machine. According to the method, blue light is adopted for supplementing light, a blue light filter is added in front of a DIC optical measuring lens, scattered spots splashed to a sample are baked, and a DIC can be used accurately at the high temperature. The method is easy to operate and high in repeatability, the heat shock of the material can be simulated, the mechanical response of the heat preventing material at the high temperature can be more accurately and completely reflected, the overall material deforming situation which cannot be observed and the transverse deformation coefficients which cannot be measured can be visually reflected, and the material property parameters can be represented more vividly and effectively.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to test determination material parameter technical field, relate to the assay method of a kind of heat insulation material material mechanical performance test parameters under hot conditions.
Background technology
The heat insulation materials such as superhigh temperature ceramics, C/C compound substance are widely used in the fields such as defence and military, Aero-Space, modern space technology, to meet its demand to insulation system under hot conditions.Under hot conditions, not only need to meet certain thermal property, and the mechanical property of material is also had higher requirement.This is that the time is of short duration, can cause very strong thermal shock to material, produces thermal stress because material arrives high temperature from normal temperature.Therefore, effectively simulate this thermal shock the exosyndrome material mechanical property under hot conditions, become key one step of heat insulation material application.
Mechanical behavior under high temperature test macro adopts quick ohmic heating technology to carry out simulation material from normal temperature to hot conditions under vacuum (inflation) condition, and use electronic universal tester to carry out Mechanics Performance Testing, mechanical property with exosyndrome material under hot conditions, meets the demand to material mechanical performance data in the domain design such as hypersonic aircraft and thermal protection system and research.The acquisition of material mechanical performance data is in the past by carry out drawing by high temperature, compression and bending test under the environment such as high temperature, vacuum or inflation, and uses high-temperature extensometer (stretching and compression) and high temperature resistant differential transformer (bending) acquisition deformation data to complete.But it is more complicated that high-temperature extensometer and high temperature resistant differential transformer are installed, precision is poor, what measure is the average deformation of sample in gauge length section, can not reflect material monolithic true strain situation, high-temperature extensometer and high temperature resistant differential transformer need pressure head tightly to push down sample in measuring process simultaneously, to meet the needs that are out of shape together with material, this has produced certain impact to the distortion of material undoubtedly, and cannot obtain the Poisson ratio (Poisson ratio) of material, the combined action of these factors makes prior art bring certain difficulty to the mechanical property of exosyndrome material.
Optical non-contact deformation measuring system adopts relevant (DIC) technology of digital picture, by the speckle image of tracer surface, contrast again afterwards the reference speckle before speckle and the distortion after distortion, this is equivalent to stick several dummy strain sheets at specimen surface, thereby realize the measurement of three-dimensional coordinate, displacement and the strain of body surface in deformation process, have portablely, speed is fast, the features such as precision is high, easy to operate.But under hot conditions, material itself meeting heating, shinny, produces ruddiness, and to speckle, observation produces considerable influence, even may not observe speckle.More crucial, speckle can come off from specimen surface gradually under hot conditions, causes obtaining related data.
Summary of the invention
For test and the sign of the mechanical property under heat insulation material high temperature, vacuum (inflation) condition, the present invention proposes a kind of method for Accurate Measurement parameter, that is: use digital picture correlation technique accurately to determine the method for heat insulation material mechanical behavior under high temperature parameter.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
Use digital picture correlation technique accurately to determine a method for heat insulation material mechanical behavior under high temperature parameter, comprise the steps:
One, by the white powder easily disperseing under strong adhesion, normal temperature under high temperature, as Al-base ceramic powder, all can within the scope of 2.5 ~ 4.5:1 with the mass ratio of water, both mix and fully stir to form suspension, then use the even splash of hairbrush to the surface in sample marking distance section, ensure that the upper white powder clear spot in surface is visible, it is roughly even to distribute, to form the different speckle of the feature such as shape, size simultaneously;
Two, by lower the baking 18 ~ 36 hours in the constant temperature oven of 80 ~ 120 DEG C of the sample with speckle, make the moisture evaporation in powder, after the processing of constant temperature baking simultaneously, speckle and sample adhesion will become stronger, in test speckle difficult drop-off;
Three, near the vacuum drying oven visual observation window of high temperature mechanics experimental machine, set up two DIC digit optical video cameras, video camera is connected with the computing machine of also processing for digital image acquisition, and use blue light source to carry out light filling to vacuum drying oven inside, before DIC digit optical camera lens, add blue filter, after test is ready to complete, use a stochastic distribution to have 3cm × 3cm blank of black splotch to debug and initialization the digital optical measurement system of DIC digit optical video camera, the aperture of adjustable lens and exposure, stain image on blank that video camera captures still can clear be distinguished out under the highest frequency of exposure of DIC digit optical video camera,
Four, on high temperature mechanics experimental machine, heat insulation material is carried out to the drawing by high temperature at a certain temperature, compression or three point bending test in the scope more than 1000 DEG C, below 2000 DEG C, in process of the test, use video camera to the collection of taking pictures in real time of the speckle of specimen surface, finish until sample destroys;
Five, DIC is by the whole audience coordinate, displacement, the strain data that obtain in material gauge length section, carry out combination with the data such as load, temperature that mechanical test machine obtains, after processing, obtain the mechanical behavior under high temperature parameter of heat insulation material under stretching, compression or three-point-bending conditions.
The present invention is based on digital picture correlation technique and obtain the deformation of material in process of the test, the load providing in conjunction with high temperature mechanics experimental machine, temperature data, determine the mechanical property parameters of material under vacuum (inflation), certain specified temp.Than prior art, tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, the present invention adopts blue light to carry out light filling, before DIC optical measurement camera lens, adds blue filter, and adopt splash is toasted to the speckle on sample, meet the correct use of DIC under high temperature.
2, the present invention is simple to operate, repeatable strong, thermal shock that not only can simulation material, can also reflect more accurately, all sidedly the mechanical response of heat insulation material under hot conditions, can intuitively reflect especially material monolithic deformation and the Poisson ratio that in test can not observe and measure in the past, can make the sign of material property parameter become more true, effective.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the speckle pattern that is splashed to specimen surface;
Fig. 2 is the measuring principle schematic diagram of DIC technology;
Fig. 3 is the displacement cloud atlas of sample a certain in drawing process time;
The strain cloud atlas of specimen surface when Fig. 4 is a certain in drawing process;
The Poisson ratio cloud atlas of specimen surface when Fig. 5 is a certain in drawing process.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is further described; but be not limited to this; every technical solution of the present invention is modified or is equal to replacement, and not departing from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, all should be encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.
Drawing by high temperature experiment taking graphite material at vacuum, 1200 DEG C is specifically described as example:
1, near the watch window of the vacuum drying oven outside of high temperature mechanics experimental machine, set up two DIC optical lens, before two camera lenses, install blue color filter additional respectively, and at two blue supplementary lighting sources of window place installation, the object of doing is like this because under the condition of high temperature, sample can be rubescent shinny, but specimen surface ceramic powders can be not shinny, thereby powder spot becomes the stain high temperature from the white point state of normal temperature, for making specimen surface distinguishing characteristic point better, carry out blue light light filling, and before camera lens, install blue color filter additional;
2, heat insulation material being machined to mechanical behavior under high temperature tests after required size, size requirements, the temperature requirement required according to experiment, according to the ratio preparation Al-base ceramic powder of 3:1 and the potpourri of water, and fully stir, to form suspension, then use hairbrush splash to specimen surface, ensure that potpourri is evenly distributed in sample marking distance section, potpourri is in the discrete distribution of specimen surface like this, and spot can obviously distinguish.Then have the sample of potpourri to put into constant temperature oven sputter and carry out 200F(93.3 DEG C) baking of 24 hours under condition, ensure that the moisture in potpourri fully volatilizees, and spot fully adheres at specimen surface.Through constant temperature sample after treatment as shown in Figure 1;
3, ultra-temperature mechanical performance test macro and DIC equipment are prepared to trystate, and used on-gauge plate to demarcate DIC equipment.Sample is installed on testing machine chuck, for comparing with contact anamorphotic system, high-temperature extensometer is installed in sample marking distance section simultaneously;
4, the front/rear door of vacuum drying oven is closed, to extracting vacuum in vacuum drying oven, making vacuum tightness in stove is 20Pa left and right, then sets heating schedule, as finishing temperature, heating rate etc., opens central electrode power supply, to the sample heating of switching on;
5, after specimen temperature reaches the value of setting and stablizes, sample is carried out to tension test, carry out according to the speed of 0.5mm/min, adopt simultaneously two high-speed cameras with the frequency of 1Hz to the collection of taking pictures in real time of the speckle of specimen surface, until sample fail in tension finishes;
6, close central electrode power supply and mechanical pump power supply, take out sample, observe the failure mode of sample, perfect condition is that sample a certain position in gauge length section is destroyed.Then utilize loading by means of digital image correlation method, as Zhang standardization (Zhang Zhengyou. a kind of flexible new technology .IEEE pattern analysis for camera calibration and machine intelligence transactions .2000.22(11): 1330-1334) realize mating of speckle that DIC equipment collects and specimen surface deformation point, according to the parallax data of each point with demarcate the camera parameter that obtains in advance and rebuild the three-dimensional coordinate of object plane calculation level, and the variation of three-dimensional coordinate by each point in each deformation state measured zone relatively obtains the displacement field of object plane, further calculate object plane strain field, its principle schematic as shown in Figure 2,
7, according to the principle of step 6, obtain the displacement cloud atlas of sample a certain in drawing process time, as shown in Figure 3, because sample lower end and lower chuck position keep motionless, move in sample upper end together with upper grip, material homogeneous deformation, therefore displacement from lower end to upper end along draw direction linear change, show on cloud atlas and deepen gradually along draw direction from lower end to upper end for color, can find that the displacement of cloud atlas upper end and the actual displacement of chuck are also quite identical, show that DIC technology is quite credible simultaneously.And then the strain cloud atlas of acquisition specimen surface, as shown in Figure 4, obtain the material Poisson ratio that conventional art can not be observed in drawing process distribution (Poisson ratio) simultaneously and distribute, as shown in Figure 5;
8, the operation of repeating step 7, obtaining material displacement at set intervals in whole drawing process, strain, Poisson ratio distributes and data, again in conjunction with the load data of mechanics testing machine, load is obtained to stress divided by the cross-sectional area of gauge length section, obtain curves of stress-strain relationship figure, the slope of getting its linearity range is the modulus of material at certain superhigh temperature temperature, if final destruction of material occurs in gauge length section quilt, maximum load is obtained to the intensity of material at certain superhigh temperature temperature divided by the cross-sectional area of gauge length section, Poisson ratio is directly obtained by Poisson ratio cloud atlas;
9, the data and the picture that finally above 8 steps are obtained arrange, and obtain the mechanical property parameters such as the modulus of heat insulation material at certain temperature, intensity, Poisson ratio, also can obtain the Changing Patterns such as the displacement of material in process of the test, strain, Poisson simultaneously.
Claims (7)
1. use digital picture correlation technique accurately to determine a method for heat insulation material mechanical behavior under high temperature parameter, it is characterized in that described method step is as follows:
One, the white powder easily disperseing under strong adhesion, normal temperature under high temperature mixed with water and fully stir with formation suspension, then even splash forms speckle to the surface in sample marking distance section;
Two, the sample with speckle is toasted, make the moisture evaporation in powder;
Three, near the vacuum drying oven visual observation window of high temperature mechanics experimental machine, set up two DIC digit optical video cameras that are connected with the computing machine of also processing for digital image acquisition, and use blue light source to carry out light filling to vacuum drying oven inside, before DIC digit optical camera lens, add blue filter, after test is ready to complete, digital optical measurement system to DIC digit optical video camera is debugged and initialization, the aperture of adjustable lens and exposure, stain image on blank that video camera captures still can clear be distinguished out under the highest frequency of exposure of DIC digit optical video camera,
Four, on high temperature mechanics experimental machine, heat insulation material is carried out to the drawing by high temperature at a certain temperature, compression or three point bending test in the scope more than 1000 DEG C, below 2000 DEG C, in process of the test, use video camera to the collection of taking pictures in real time of the speckle of specimen surface, finish until sample destroys;
Five, DIC, by the whole audience coordinate, displacement, the strain data that obtain in material gauge length section, carries out combination with the data that mechanical test machine obtains, and obtains the mechanical behavior under high temperature parameter of heat insulation material under stretching, compression or three-point-bending conditions after processing.
2. use digital picture correlation technique according to claim 1 is accurately determined the method for heat insulation material mechanical behavior under high temperature parameter, it is characterized in that the white powder easily disperseing under strong adhesion, normal temperature under described high temperature is Al-base ceramic powder.
3. use digital picture correlation technique according to claim 1 and 2 is accurately determined the method for heat insulation material mechanical behavior under high temperature parameter, and the mass ratio that it is characterized in that described white powder and water is 2.5 ~ 4.5:1.
4. use digital picture correlation technique according to claim 3 is accurately determined the method for heat insulation material mechanical behavior under high temperature parameter, and the mass ratio that it is characterized in that described white powder and water is 3:1.
5. use digital picture correlation technique according to claim 1 is accurately determined the method for heat insulation material mechanical behavior under high temperature parameter, it is characterized in that described baking temperature is 80 ~ 120 DEG C, and baking time is 18 ~ 36 hours.
6. use digital picture correlation technique according to claim 5 is accurately determined the method for heat insulation material mechanical behavior under high temperature parameter, it is characterized in that described baking temperature is 93.3 DEG C, and baking time is 24 hours.
7. use digital picture correlation technique according to claim 1 is accurately determined the method for heat insulation material mechanical behavior under high temperature parameter, it is characterized in that using a stochastic distribution to have 3cm × 3cm blank of black splotch to debug and initialization the digital optical measurement system of DIC digit optical video camera.
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Application publication date: 20140910 |