CN104029109A - Method and device for carrying out polishing through flowing of viscoelasticity abrasive materials with spiral complex curved surfaces - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method and device for carrying out polishing through flowing of viscoelasticity abrasive materials with spiral complex curved surfaces and belongs to the field of mechanical equipment. The device comprises a machined screw rod, the abrasive materials, a sealing box, a fixing die, a gap and a screw rod drive device. One end of the machined screw rod is connected with the screw rod drive device, the other end of the machined screw rod is immersed into the abrasive materials, the screw rod drive device is installed on the upper portion of the sealing box, the fixing die is installed in the sealing box through a supporting rod, the abrasive materials are the viscoelasticity abrasive materials, and the fixing die is a tubular hollow die. When the screw rod drive device drives the machined screw rod to rotate at a high speed, the abrasive materials move upwards along the spiral surfaces; meanwhile, under restraining of the fixing die, the abrasive materials extrude the surface of the screw rod, polish the surface of the screw rod, and flow back to the sealing box after reaching the top end of the fixing die, so that polishing of a circulating type is achieved; according to the method and the device, the screw rod can be polished efficiently with high quality and uniformity.

Description

A viscoelastic abrasive flow polishing method and device for spiral complex curved surface

technical field

The invention relates to a viscoelastic abrasive flow polishing method and device for spiral complex curved surfaces, belonging to the field of mechanical equipment.

Background technique

Spiral curved surface is a kind of complex curved surface. The processing equipment of complex curved surface parts has complex structure and high cost. Its surface polishing technology has become a hot spot in the field of precision machining. Among them, the screw is a typical workpiece with a helical surface. In recent years, the screw has been widely used in air compressors, refrigerators, industrial pumps, and plastic machinery. Screw is the "heart" part of plastic machinery, and its quality directly affects the life of the machine and the quality of molded products. How to process high-quality screw to make it meet the design requirements has become an important topic in the plastic machinery manufacturing industry at home and abroad.

At present, the typical process of plastic mechanical screw is: forging blank→turning→rough milling→heat treatment (quenching)→cylindrical grinding→NC screw grinding→polishing. Among them, the polishing process is the last process of screw manufacturing. The purpose is to reduce the surface roughness of the screw, reduce the processing defects and residual stress of the screw surface, and ensure that the surface quality of the screw meets the design and use requirements. Since the surface quality of the screw directly affects the service life of the plastic machine and the quality of the molded product, the screw polishing process has been paid more and more attention by the manufacturers. However, the helical surface of the screw is a typical complex surface, and it is difficult to realize the automation of the machining process. The current small and medium-sized screw manufacturers basically use abrasive belt polishing and manual polishing to complete. Among them, abrasive belt polishing requires a special machine tool, which is prone to dust during the polishing process, and the abrasive belt is easy to wear and tear, resulting in high processing costs; manual polishing is labor-intensive and the working environment is poor, and its processing quality is directly affected by the technical proficiency of workers. The process stability and consistency are poor, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of precision plastic machinery.

With the continuous improvement of screw product performance requirements and increasingly fierce market competition, manufacturers are required to eliminate products with low and medium grades, poor precision, and low product added value, improve the level of deep processing, update processes and equipment, and develop and produce new products. High value-added screw products.

At present, there is no polishing technology and equipment for the processing characteristics of spiral complex curved surfaces. Therefore, a new automated polishing technology is urgently needed to achieve high-efficiency, high-consistency, and low-cost polishing of helical complex surfaces.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the problems of poor polishing effect and high cost in the current polishing process of spiral complex curved surfaces, the present invention proposes a polishing method for spiral complex curved surfaces with strong processing capacity, high efficiency, low cost, high efficiency and environmental protection and

device.

A flow polishing device for viscoelastic abrasive materials with spiral complex curved surfaces, including a processed screw, abrasive materials, a sealed box, a fixed mold, a gap and a screw drive device, one end of the processed screw is connected to the screw drive device, and the other end is immersed in the abrasive material, The screw driving device is installed on the upper part of the sealed box, the fixed mold is installed inside the sealed box through the support rod, the abrasive is viscoelastic abrasive, and the fixed mold is a tubular hollow mold.

The abrasive is composed of high-viscosity solution and mixed solution added with fine abrasive particles to form a viscoelastic abrasive.

The length of the fixed die is greater than the length of the helicoid of the processed screw, and the position of the helical face of the processed screw is located in the middle of the fixed die.

There is a processing gap of 0.1-5 mm between the fixed mold and the processed screw.

The lower middle part of the fixed mold is provided with a rolling positioning block, which is used for positioning and connecting the processed screw.

High-viscosity solutions and mixed solutions can be made of polyethylene oxide, silicone oil, NaOH, etc., or can be composed of aviation kerosene, silica gel, triethanolamine and other oils.

The fine abrasive is one or a mixture of two or more of the following: diamond, cubic boron nitride, silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, cerium oxide, silicon oxide, zirconia, etc.

During processing, the processed screw is driven by the screw drive device to rotate at high speed. When the screw rotates at high speed, the abrasive will move upward along the spiral groove of the screw, and the transmitted abrasive directly polishes the processed workpiece at high speed. In order to make the abrasive in processing can be continuously circulated and reused, the fixed mold is designed as a hollow mold. In actual polishing, since the abrasive is enclosed in the body, there will be no leakage, and it can be used repeatedly. When the high-speed rotation of the screw drives the spiral movement of the abrasive, the abrasive will squeeze the surface of the processed screw while performing high-speed spiral movement. Rotation, because the abrasive is a kind of viscoelastic abrasive suitable for fine processing, when the abrasive rotates quickly and spirally passes through the surface of the screw, it will polish the surface of the screw in a very small amount; and the abrasive passing through the screw cannot climb up after reaching the top of the mold. It is pushed to the side by the subsequent abrasives; when the abrasive is away from the rotating screw, the upward support provided by the screw is greatly reduced, and at this time it begins to fall due to the influence of gravity, such a periodic movement That is to complete the purpose of recycling. The movement stroke of the spiral polishing is longer than that of the traditional reciprocating abrasive flow polishing, which can make the spiral surface obtain a uniform polishing effect. Because the abrasive in the polishing device has the function of circulating flow, the viscoelastic abrasive has low cost and less consumption, and has the functions of low cost, high efficiency, and can remove burrs and metamorphic layers, so as to achieve the processing effect of rapid polishing of the workpiece to be processed.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. Since this polishing process is similar to the working process of the screw rod, the processing effect can be more in line with the working needs of the screw rod, so this polishing method can realize the polishing of the complex surface of the spiral surface There is no need for complex high-precision machine tools to guarantee the forming movement. 2. It does not require high-precision and high-rigidity machine tools, and there are no problems such as rigidity, precision, vibration or vibration of traditional precision equipment. There is no rigid contact between the abrasive and the surface of the workpiece, so even if there are a few large abrasive particles or uneven hard spots occasionally appear on the surface of the workpiece, the surface of the workpiece will not be scratched due to sudden changes in cutting force. 3. The viscoelastic abrasive has the effect of viscosity change, which is very suitable for fine polishing, and the polishing pressure is evenly distributed, so the workpiece will not be deformed and excessively cut. 4. The spiral abrasive flow polishing device can be set up on ordinary or CNC machine tools (lathes, milling machines). It has high interchangeability, can achieve full automation, saves equipment investment, and is in line with economic benefits. 5. Abrasives can be used repeatedly with small consumption, easy operation and maintenance, low cost and high productivity. Therefore, the polishing technology has good feasibility and can realize high-efficiency, high-quality and high-consistency polishing of the screw.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of a kind of helical complex surface viscoelastic abrasive flow polishing device of the present invention;

In the figure: 1. Processed screw 2. Abrasive 3. Seal box 4. Fixed mold 5. Gap 6. Screw driving device.

Detailed ways

Further illustrate the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

A viscoelastic abrasive flow polishing device with a spiral complex curved surface, comprising a processed screw 1, abrasive materials 2, a sealed box 3, a fixed mold 4, a gap 5 and a screw driving device 6, one end of the processed screw 1 and the screw driving device 6 The other end is immersed in the abrasive 2, the screw drive device 6 is installed on the upper part of the sealed box 3, the fixed mold 4 is installed inside the sealed box 3 through the pole to realize positioning, the abrasive 2 is viscoelastic abrasive, the fixed mold 4 is a tubular hollow mold for placing the processed screw 1.

The abrasive material 2 is composed of a high viscosity solution and a mixed solution added with fine abrasive grains to form a viscoelastic abrasive material.

The length of the fixed mold 4 is greater than the length of the helical surface of the processed screw 1, and the helical surface of the processed screw is located in the middle of the fixed mold.

There is a processing gap 5 of 5mm between the fixed mold 4 and the processed screw 1, so that the abrasive material 2 flows in the space.

The middle part of the lower part of the fixed mold 4 is provided with a rolling positioning block, which is used for positioning and connecting the screw rod 1 to be processed.

The high-viscosity solution is composed of aviation kerosene, silica gel, triethanolamine and other oils, and the fine abrasives are 1200#, 1500#, 2000# silicon carbide.

When the processed screw 1 rotates at a high speed to drive the abrasive 2 to spirally move, the abrasive 2 is constrained by the fixed mold 4, and the abrasive 2 will squeeze the surface of the processed screw 1 while performing high-speed spiral rotation, because the abrasive 2 is suitable for fine processing The viscoelastic abrasive material, when the abrasive material 2 rotates rapidly and spirally passes through the surface of the processed screw 1, it will perform a very small amount of polishing on the surface of the processed screw 1. The abrasive material 2 passing through the processed screw 1 can no longer climb up after reaching the top of the fixed mold 4, and is pushed to the side by the subsequent abrasive material 2; when the abrasive material 2 is away from the processed screw rod 1 in rotation, it is The upward supporting force provided by the processing screw 1 is greatly reduced, and at this time, due to the influence of gravity, it begins to fall downward, and such periodic motion completes the purpose of recycling. During actual polishing, since the abrasive material 2 is enclosed in the airtight box 3, there will be no leakage, and it can be used repeatedly.

The content described in the embodiments of this specification is only an enumeration of the implementation forms of the inventive concept. The protection scope of the present invention should not be regarded as limited to the specific forms stated in the embodiments. The protection scope of the present invention also includes those skilled in the art. Equivalent technical means conceivable according to the concept of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. the complex-curved viscoplasticity abrasive flow of a spiral burnishing device, it is characterized in that: comprise processed screw rod (1), abrasive material (2), seal box (3), fixed mould (4), gap (5) and spiro driving device (6), described processed screw rod (1) one end is connected with spiro driving device (6), the other end immerses in abrasive material (2), spiro driving device (6) is arranged on seal box (3) top, fixed mould (4) is arranged on seal box (3) inside by pole, abrasive material (2) is viscoplasticity abrasive material, fixed mould (4) is cannulated mould.

2. the complex-curved viscoplasticity abrasive flow of a kind of spiral as claimed in claim 1 burnishing device, is characterized in that: described abrasive material (2) adds fine abrasive particle to form viscoplasticity abrasive material by full-bodied solution, mixed liquor.

3. the complex-curved viscoplasticity abrasive flow of a kind of spiral as claimed in claim 1 burnishing device, it is characterized in that: described fixed mould (4) length is greater than the length of the helicoid of processed screw rod (1), the helicoid position of processed screw rod (1) is placed in fixed mould (4) centre position.

4. the complex-curved viscoplasticity abrasive flow of a kind of spiral as claimed in claim 1 burnishing device, is characterized in that: the machining gap (5) that has 0.1-5mm between described fixed mould (4) and processed screw rod (1).

5. the complex-curved viscoplasticity abrasive flow of a kind of spiral as claimed in claim 1 burnishing device, is characterized in that: middle part, described fixed mould (4) below is provided with scroll positioning piece, for the processed screw rod (1) that is located by connecting.

6. the complex-curved viscoplasticity abrasive flow of a kind of spiral as claimed in claim 1 burnishing device, it is characterized in that: in the time that spiro driving device (6) drives processed screw rod (1) High Rotation Speed, abrasive material (2) moves upward along helicoid, abrasive material (2) is subject to the constraint extruding of fixed mould (4) and screw surface is carried out to polishing simultaneously, abrasive material flows back to seal box (3) after arriving fixed mould (4) top, realizes Circulated polishing.