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A kind of nonirrigated farmland full film of small-particle seed covers bunch planting machine
CN104025778B
China
- Other languages
Chinese - Inventor
赵春花 师尚礼 吴建民 张炜 贺建全 胡靖明 戴立勋 张雪坤 姚亚萍 - Current Assignee
- Gansu Agricultural University
Description
translated from Chinese
技术领域technical field
本发明主要涉及播种机技术领域，尤其涉及一种旱地小颗粒种子全膜覆盖穴播机的结构。The invention mainly relates to the technical field of seeding machines, in particular to a structure of a dry land small particle seed full film covering hole planting machine.
背景技术Background technique
旱地小颗粒种子全膜覆盖精量播种技术是针对干旱半干旱区，传统地膜覆盖技术基础上发展起来的一项保温保墒、抗旱新技术。甘肃省干旱区生产实践证明，全膜覆盖技术比普通地膜覆盖栽培，亩增产幅度超过30％，具有显著的经济效益。小颗粒种子如苜蓿，洋葱、胡萝卜、部分中草药、花卉等种子体积小，重量轻，播深浅，西北地区风沙大，全膜覆盖后，若不适当压实覆土，地膜很容易被吹破，小颗粒种子易外露，故要求全膜覆盖后压膜并分段覆土。穴播相对于条播株距大，有利于小颗粒种子等植物光合作用，且改善机械化收获作业条件，有利于高效增产。现有的小颗粒种子播种主要靠人工散播或大面积种植在谷物条播机上改进后用，存在的主要问题有：干旱半干旱区，种植时节十年九旱，适时播种困难，播量播深控制难，播后发芽率低，浪费种子严重，很难实现保全苗。The dryland small-particle seed full-film mulching precision sowing technology is a new technology for heat preservation, moisture conservation and drought resistance developed on the basis of traditional film mulching technology for arid and semi-arid areas. The production practice in the arid area of Gansu Province has proved that the full film mulching technology can increase the yield per mu by more than 30% compared with ordinary film mulching cultivation, which has significant economic benefits. Small seeds such as alfalfa, onions, carrots, some Chinese herbal medicines, flowers and other seeds are small in size, light in weight, and shallow in depth. Northwest China is prone to wind and sand. After the full film is covered, if the soil is not compacted properly, the film will be easily broken. Granular seeds are easy to be exposed, so it is required to press the film after full film coverage and cover soil in sections. Compared with drill sowing, hole sowing has a larger plant spacing, which is beneficial to the photosynthesis of plants such as small particle seeds, and improves the operating conditions of mechanized harvesting, which is conducive to efficient production increase. The existing small-particle seed sowing mainly depends on artificial spreading or large-scale planting on the grain seed drill for improved use. The main problems are: arid and semi-arid areas, nine droughts in the planting season, difficulty in timely sowing, and control of sowing volume and depth Difficult, the germination rate is low after sowing, the waste of seeds is serious, and it is difficult to achieve preserved seedlings.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明目的在于避免现有技术的不足之处而提供一种旱地小颗粒种子全膜覆盖穴播机。以解决旱地小颗粒种子播种：播深播量难控制、种子发芽率低、浪费种子严重、播种出苗不均匀等问题。The purpose of the present invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the prior art and provide a full-film-covered hole planter for small particle seeds in dry land. To solve the problems of sowing small particle seeds in dry land: difficult to control the amount of sowing depth, low seed germination rate, serious waste of seeds, uneven seeding emergence and other problems.
本发明的目的采用以下技术方案来实现：一种旱地小颗粒种子全膜覆盖穴播机，包括有前机架、后机架、悬挂装置、铺膜总成、穴播器总成及覆土总成。The purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: a dryland small particle seed full-film covered hole planter, including a front frame, a rear frame, a suspension device, a film laying assembly, a hole planter assembly and a soil covering assembly.
所述的一种旱地小颗粒种子全膜覆盖穴播机，所述的穴播器总成包括一个或多个穴播器，每个穴播器有一对穴播器牵引架通过一个穴播器轴与外滚筒相连；内滚筒与外滚筒的间隙为0.3-0.5mm，外滚筒厚度为3-5mm；内滚筒厚度1-1.5mm；每个外滚筒上设有两排鸭嘴装置，两排鸭嘴装置的间距，即播种行距为150-200mm，两排鸭嘴装置中间设有一个种箱阀门；每排鸭嘴装置一周上设有6-14个鸭嘴；每个鸭嘴中心到内滚筒侧壁的轴向距离50mm；在同一圆周上相邻两鸭嘴支撑尖的圆弧长即为播种株距120-150mm。The described hole planter for small particles of dry land covered with full film, the hole planter assembly includes one or more hole planters, and each hole planter has a pair of hole planter traction frames connected to the outer drum through a hole planter shaft; The gap between the inner drum and the outer drum is 0.3-0.5mm, the thickness of the outer drum is 3-5mm; the thickness of the inner drum is 1-1.5mm; each outer drum is equipped with two rows of duckbill devices, and the distance between the two rows of duckbill devices is That is, the sowing row spacing is 150-200mm, and there is a seed box valve in the middle of the two rows of duckbill devices; each row of duckbill devices is equipped with 6-14 duckbills; the axial direction from the center of each duckbill to the side wall of the inner drum The distance is 50mm; the arc length of two adjacent duckbill support points on the same circumference is the planting distance of 120-150mm.
所述的穴播器上的鸭嘴呈锥形，为防止漏播或撕破地膜，设锥角10°-38°，其由鸭嘴基部和鸭嘴尖部构成；鸭嘴尖部由分开的固定嘴和活动嘴两部分组成，固定嘴与鸭嘴基部固连；鸭嘴底部开口直径为25mm，活动嘴通过调节销铰连在鸭嘴基部，活动嘴外侧距顶端20mm的中央处固连有燕尾压板，燕尾压板的中央固连在弹簧的一端，弹簧另一端固连在外滚筒表面上，燕尾压板通过弹簧控制鸭嘴的开合；鸭嘴基部长度为40-60mm；鸭嘴尖部长度为15mm，改变调节销位置，穴播器的播种深度可调为10-30mm。The duckbill on the hole sowing device is conical, in order to prevent missing sowing or tearing the mulch film, the cone angle is 10°-38°, which is composed of the duckbill base and the duckbill tip; the duckbill tip is composed of a separate fixed mouth It is composed of two parts, the fixed mouth and the base of the duckbill; the diameter of the opening at the bottom of the duckbill is 25mm, and the movable mouth is hinged to the base of the duckbill through the adjustment pin, and the center of the outer side of the movable mouth is 20mm from the top. , the center of the dovetail pressure plate is fixed to one end of the spring, and the other end of the spring is fixed to the surface of the outer drum. The dovetail pressure plate controls the opening and closing of the duckbill through the spring; the length of the base of the duckbill is 40-60mm; the length of the tip of the duckbill is 15mm, change By adjusting the position of the pin, the sowing depth of the hole seeder can be adjusted to 10-30mm.
所述的穴播器，松开内外滚筒锁销，通过内滚筒侧壁上的一对调节旋钮，可转动内滚筒，使外滚筒和内滚筒上的鸭嘴底部开口相对错开，从而改变排种口的大小，实现播量调节；调节内滚筒侧壁上的带有标尺的调节旋钮至0°、2°、4°、6°，对应外滚筒两端侧壁上标有的刻度0，1，2，3，分别得播量4.5-3.5kg/亩、3-2.5kg/亩、2-1.5kg/亩、1-0.5kg/亩。For the hole seeder, loosen the locking pins of the inner and outer drums, and the inner drum can be rotated through a pair of adjustment knobs on the side wall of the inner drum, so that the openings at the bottom of the duckbills on the outer drum and the inner drum are relatively staggered, thereby changing the seeding opening. Adjust the size of the broadcast volume; adjust the adjustment knob with a scale on the side wall of the inner drum to 0°, 2°, 4°, 6°, corresponding to the scale 0, 1 marked on the side wall at both ends of the outer drum, 2, 3, the sowing rate is 4.5-3.5kg/mu, 3-2.5kg/mu, 2-1.5kg/mu, 1-0.5kg/mu respectively.
本发明具有以下有益效果：一种旱地小颗粒种子全膜覆盖穴播机，可一次完成平整、铺膜、穴播、压膜、覆土作业，适用于黄土高原干旱半干旱区小颗粒种子种植全膜覆盖、精量穴播、地膜覆土联合作业。该机具为小颗粒种子播种提供了平整的种床，保持了良好的墒情，并精量穴播，节省种子，提高了小颗粒种子发芽率和播种质量。本机具有以下特点：The present invention has the following beneficial effects: a full-film-covered hole planter for small-particle seeds in dry land, which can complete leveling, film-laying, hole-planting, film-pressing, and soil-covering operations at one time, and is suitable for planting small-particle seeds in the arid and semi-arid areas of the Loess Plateau. , precision hole sowing, plastic film and soil joint operation. The machine provides a flat seed bed for sowing small-particle seeds, maintains good moisture content, and precisely sows holes to save seeds, and improves the germination rate and sowing quality of small-particle seeds. This machine has the following characteristics:
1、一种旱地小颗粒种子全膜覆盖穴播机，设有推土板和镇压辊，可先平整、镇压土壤，获得适宜种床，易于保证播深，提高小颗粒种子发芽率；1. A fully-film-covered hole planter for small-particle seeds in dry land, equipped with bulldozing boards and pressing rollers, which can level and suppress the soil first to obtain suitable seed beds, easily ensure the sowing depth, and increase the germination rate of small-particle seeds;
2、该播种机设有铺膜总成和覆土总成，可全膜覆盖种床，保墒提温，适用于黄土高原干旱半干旱区小颗粒种子机械化种植，能显著提高小颗粒种子出苗率；2. The planter is equipped with a film laying assembly and a soil covering assembly, which can fully cover the seed bed, keep moisture and increase temperature, and is suitable for the mechanized planting of small-particle seeds in the arid and semi-arid areas of the Loess Plateau, which can significantly increase the emergence rate of small-particle seeds;
3、采用播量可调的穴播器总成，通过内滚筒侧壁上的一对带标尺的调节旋钮，可转动内滚筒，使鸭嘴底部开口相对错开，从而改变排种口的大小，播量调定，锁紧内外滚筒锁销，实现播量精准控制；该机播量调节简便可靠，穴播器精量播种，节省种子。3. The hole seeder assembly with adjustable sowing volume is adopted. Through a pair of adjustment knobs with scales on the side wall of the inner drum, the inner drum can be rotated to make the opening at the bottom of the duckbill relatively staggered, thereby changing the size of the seeding opening, sowing Volume adjustment, locking the inner and outer roller lock pins to achieve precise control of the seeding rate; the machine's seeding rate adjustment is simple and reliable, and the hole sower is precise in seeding, saving seeds.
4、该机播深调节方便快捷。穴播器上的鸭嘴由固定嘴和活动嘴组成，在活动嘴外侧中央设有燕尾压板，其一端通过活动嘴上的调节销铰连在鸭嘴基部，另一端通过弹簧，来控制鸭嘴的开合；改变调节销位置，可调穴播器的播种深度为10-30mm。4. The sowing depth adjustment of the machine is convenient and quick. The duckbill on the hole seeder is composed of a fixed mouth and a movable mouth. There is a dovetail pressure plate in the center of the outer side of the movable mouth. One end of the duckbill is hinged to the base of the duckbill through the adjusting pin on the movable mouth, and the other end is controlled by a spring. Opening and closing; changing the position of the adjusting pin, the sowing depth of the adjustable hole seeder is 10-30mm.
本发明设计新颖，结构紧凑，整机适应性强，尤其是穴播器上设有的调节旋钮和调节销可实现播量和播深的精准可调，操作简便可靠，设有的推土板和镇压辊，确保了播深的可靠性，提高了小颗粒种子发芽率和播种质量，节约种子，改善了牧草和经济作物等机械化收获的工作条件，克服了现有小颗粒种子播种作业的缺陷。The invention has novel design, compact structure, and strong adaptability of the whole machine. In particular, the adjusting knob and adjusting pin provided on the hole seeder can realize the precise adjustment of the sowing amount and the sowing depth, and the operation is simple and reliable. The bulldozing board and the The pressure roller ensures the reliability of the sowing depth, improves the germination rate and sowing quality of small-particle seeds, saves seeds, improves the working conditions of mechanized harvesting of forage and economic crops, and overcomes the defects of the existing small-particle seed sowing operations.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的整机结构左视图；Fig. 1 is the left view of complete machine structure of the present invention;
图2为本发明的整机结构俯视图；Fig. 2 is a top view of the whole machine structure of the present invention;
图3为本发明穴播器三维实体图；Fig. 3 is a three-dimensional entity diagram of the hole sowing device of the present invention;
图4(a)为本发明穴播器外滚筒三维实体图；Fig. 4 (a) is the three-dimensional entity figure of the outer drum of the hole seeder of the present invention;
图4(b)为本发明穴播器外滚筒播量调节局部放大；Fig. 4 (b) is the partial enlargement of sowing rate adjustment of the outer cylinder of the hole seeder of the present invention;
图4(c)为本发明穴播器内、外滚筒播量调节三维展开图；Fig. 4 (c) is the three-dimensional unfolded view of the adjustment of the sowing rate of the inner and outer cylinders of the hole seeder of the present invention;
图5为本发明覆土滚筒三维实体图；Fig. 5 is a three-dimensional solid diagram of the soil-covering drum of the present invention;
图6本发明鸭嘴装置播深调节三维结构示意图；Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of the duckbill device of the present invention for adjusting the sowing depth;
图7为本发明整机三维实体图；Fig. 7 is a three-dimensional entity diagram of the whole machine of the present invention;
图中：10.前机架；20.后机架；30.悬挂装置；40.铺膜总成；41.地膜杆；42.地膜前导向杆；43.地膜后导向杆；44.地膜开沟器；45.平膜轮；46.刮土压膜器；50.穴播器总成；51.穴播器；52.穴播器牵引架；520.穴播器牵引杆；53.外滚筒；54.内滚筒；541.内滚筒侧壁；542.标尺；55.鸭嘴装置；550.鸭嘴；551.鸭嘴基部；552.鸭嘴尖部；5520.鸭嘴支撑尖；5521.固定嘴；5522.活动嘴；553.弹簧；554.鸭嘴底部开口；555.排种口；556.燕尾压板；557.种箱阀门；558.调节销；56.调节旋钮；57.内外滚筒锁销；58.穴播器轴；60.覆土总成；61.覆土滚筒；611.滚筒壳体；64.支撑筋；65.方形撒土口；66.覆土轴；70.推土板；80.镇压辊；81.松土齿。In the figure: 10. Front frame; 20. Rear frame; 30. Suspension device; 40. Laying film assembly; Groove device; 45. Flat film wheel; 46. Soil scraping and film pressing device; 50. Hole planter assembly; 51. Hole planter; 52. Hole planter traction frame; 520. Hole planter drawbar; 53. Outer drum; 54. Inner drum; 541. Side wall of inner drum; 542. Scale; 55. Duckbill device; 550. Duckbill; 551. Duckbill base; 552. Duckbill tip; 5520. Duckbill support tip; .Active mouth; 553. Spring; 554. Bottom opening of duckbill; 555. Seed outlet; 556. Dovetail pressure plate; 557. Seed box valve; 558. Adjusting pin; 56. Adjusting knob; .Down seeder shaft; 60. Covering soil assembly; 61. Covering soil drum; 611. Drum shell; 64. Support rib; 65. Square soil sprinkling mouth; 66. Covering soil shaft; 81. Loose teeth.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下结合附图所示之最佳实施例作进一步详述：所举实例只用于解释本发明，并非用于限定本发明的范围。Below in conjunction with the preferred embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings, it will be further described in detail: the examples given are only used to explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
实施例1，见图1-7，一种旱地小颗粒种子全膜覆盖穴播机，包括有前机架10、后机架20、悬挂装置30、铺膜总成40、穴播器总成50及覆土总成60；在悬挂装置30下方设有推土板70；前机架10上装有镇压辊80、铺膜总成40和穴播器总成50；铺膜总成40由地膜杆41、地膜前导向杆42、地膜后导向杆43、平膜轮45及地膜开沟器44组成；穴播器总成50通过穴播器牵引杆520挂接在前机架10后方；后机架20上装有覆土总成60及刮土压膜器46。Embodiment 1, see Fig. 1-7, a kind of dry land small grain seed full-film covering hole planting machine, comprises front frame 10, rear frame 20, suspension device 30, film laying assembly 40, hole planting device assembly 50 and Soil covering assembly 60; below the suspension device 30 is provided with bulldozing board 70; on the front frame 10, pressing roller 80, film laying assembly 40 and hole planter assembly 50 are housed; The front guide rod 42, the rear guide rod 43 of the mulch film, the flat film wheel 45 and the mulch opener 44 are composed; the hole seeder assembly 50 is articulated behind the front frame 10 through the hole seeder draw bar 520; Assembly 60 and soil scraper pressure film device 46.
所述的穴播器总成50包括一个或多个穴播器51，每个穴播器51有一对穴播器牵引架52通过一个穴播器轴58、一对内外滚筒锁销57与外滚筒53相连；内滚筒54与外滚筒53间隙0.3-0.5mm，外滚筒壁厚3-5mm；内滚筒壁厚1-1.5mm；每个外滚筒53上设有两排鸭嘴装置55，两排鸭嘴装置55的间距即为播种行距150-200mm，两排鸭嘴装置55中间设有一个种箱阀门557；每排鸭嘴装置一周上设有6-14个鸭嘴550；每个鸭嘴550中心到内滚筒侧壁541的轴向距离50mm；在同一圆周上相邻两鸭嘴支撑尖5520的圆弧长即为播种株距120-150mm。The hole planter assembly 50 includes one or more hole planters 51, each hole planter 51 has a pair of hole planter traction frames 52 connected to the outer cylinder 53 through a hole planter shaft 58, a pair of inner and outer cylinder lock pins 57; The gap between the drum 54 and the outer drum 53 is 0.3-0.5 mm, the wall thickness of the outer drum is 3-5 mm; The spacing is the sowing row spacing of 150-200mm, and a seed box valve 557 is arranged in the middle of the two rows of duckbill devices 55; each row of duckbill devices is provided with 6-14 duckbills 550; The axial distance of the drum side wall 541 is 50 mm; the arc length of two adjacent duckbill support tips 5520 on the same circumference is the sowing plant spacing of 120-150 mm.
所述的穴播器51上的鸭嘴550呈锥形，锥角10°-38°，其由鸭嘴基部551和鸭嘴尖部552构成；鸭嘴尖部552由分开的固定嘴5521和活动嘴5522两部分组成，固定嘴5521与鸭嘴基部551固连；鸭嘴底部开口554直径为25-35mm，活动嘴5522通过调节销558铰连在鸭嘴基部551，活动嘴5522外侧距顶端20mm的中央处固连有燕尾压板556，燕尾压板556的中央固连在弹簧553的一端，弹簧553另一端固连在外滚筒53表面上，燕尾压板556通过弹簧553控制鸭嘴550的开合；鸭嘴基部551长度为40-60mm；鸭嘴尖部552长度为15mm，改变调节销558位置，穴播器51的播种深度可调为10-30mm。The duckbill 550 on the hole sowing device 51 is conical, with a cone angle of 10°-38°, which is composed of a duckbill base 551 and a duckbill tip 552; the duckbill tip 552 is composed of a separate fixed mouth 5521 and a movable mouth 5522 Composed of two parts, the fixed mouth 5521 is fixedly connected with the base of the duckbill 551; the diameter of the opening 554 at the bottom of the duckbill is 25-35mm, and the movable mouth 5522 is hinged to the base of the duckbill 551 through the adjustment pin 558, and the center of the outer side of the movable mouth 5522 is 20mm from the top The center of the dovetail press 556 is fixedly connected to one end of the spring 553, and the other end of the spring 553 is fixedly connected to the surface of the outer drum 53. The dovetail press 556 controls the opening and closing of the duckbill 550 through the spring 553; the base of the duckbill The length of 551 is 40-60mm; the length of duckbill tip 552 is 15mm, the sowing depth of hole sower 51 can be adjusted to 10-30mm by changing the position of adjusting pin 558.
所述的穴播器51，松开内外滚筒锁销57，通过内滚筒侧壁541上的一对调节旋钮56，可转动内滚筒54，使外滚筒53和内滚筒54上的鸭嘴底部开口554相对错开，从而改变排种口555的大小，实现播量调节。在盐碱贫瘠地播小颗粒种子时，内滚筒侧壁541上的带有标尺542的调节旋钮56至0°，对应外滚筒53两端侧壁上标有的刻度0，可得满足盐碱贫瘠田农艺的小颗粒种子播量3.5-5kg/亩。For the hole seeder 51, loosen the inner and outer drum lock pins 57, and through a pair of adjustment knobs 56 on the inner drum side wall 541, the inner drum 54 can be rotated to make the duckbill bottom opening 554 on the outer drum 53 and the inner drum 54 Relatively staggered, thereby changing the size of the seed opening 555, and realizing the adjustment of the seeding rate. When sowing small grain seeds in saline-alkaline barren land, the adjustment knob 56 with scale 542 on the inner drum side wall 541 is to 0°, corresponding to the scale 0 marked on the side walls at both ends of the outer drum 53, which can satisfy the saline-alkali requirement. The sowing rate of small particle seeds for agronomy in barren fields is 3.5-5kg/mu.
所述的覆土总成60，包括覆土滚筒61、覆土轴66、覆土滚筒61内壁设有支撑筋64；覆土覆土总成60挂接在机架20术端；机架20两侧设有刮土压膜器46，其沿行走方向安装角度为45°～55°；滚筒壳体611外表面设有一个窄条长方形撒土口65。The soil-covering assembly 60 includes a soil-covering drum 61, a soil-covering shaft 66, and the inner wall of the soil-covering drum 61 is provided with supporting ribs 64; the soil-covering assembly 60 is mounted on the end of the frame 20; The laminating device 46 is installed at an angle of 45° to 55° along the walking direction; the outer surface of the drum shell 611 is provided with a narrow rectangular soil sprinkling opening 65 .
实施例2，与实施例1相同，不同的是所述的穴播器51，在贫瘠荒地，饲草田播小颗粒种子时，调节内滚筒侧壁541上的带有标尺542的调节旋钮56至2°，对应外滚筒53两端侧壁上标有的刻度1上，可得满足贫瘠荒地田农艺的小颗粒种子种子播量2.5-3kg/亩。Embodiment 2 is the same as Embodiment 1, except that the hole seeder 51 is different. When sowing small particles of seeds in the barren wasteland and the forage field, adjust the adjustment knob 56 with the scale 542 on the inner drum side wall 541 to 2°, corresponding to the scale 1 marked on the side walls at both ends of the outer drum 53, the seed sowing rate of 2.5-3kg/mu of small particle seeds that can meet the agronomy of the barren wasteland field can be obtained.
实施例3，与实施例1相同，不同的是所述的穴播器51，在熟地，饲草田小颗粒种子播种时，调节内滚筒侧壁54上的带有标尺的调节旋钮56至4°，对应外滚筒53两端侧壁上标有的刻度2，可得满足饲草田农艺的小颗粒种子种子播量1.5-2kg/亩。Embodiment 3 is the same as Embodiment 1, but the difference is that the hole sower 51, when planting small particles of seeds in the forage grass field, adjust the adjustment knob 56 with scale on the inner drum side wall 54 to 4 ° , corresponding to the scale 2 marked on the side walls at both ends of the outer cylinder 53, the sowing rate of small particle seeds that can meet the agronomy of the forage grass field is 1.5-2kg/mu.
实施例4，与实施例1相同，不同的是所述的穴播器51，在熟地，播收获小颗粒种子的种子田时，调节内滚筒侧壁541上的带有标尺542的调节旋钮56至6°，对应外滚筒53两端侧壁上标有的刻度3，可得满足收获种子田农艺的小颗粒种子播量0.5-1kg/亩。Embodiment 4 is the same as Embodiment 1, except that the hole seeder 51 is different. When sowing the seed fields of small-grained seeds in the rehmannia land, adjust the adjustment knob 56 with the scale 542 on the inner drum side wall 541 to 6 °, corresponding to the scale 3 marked on the side walls at both ends of the outer drum 53, can obtain the small particle seed sowing rate of 0.5-1kg/mu that meets the agronomy of the harvested seed field.
实验例：本发明一种旱地小颗粒种子全膜覆盖穴播机：在进行干旱地区熟地，金皇后紫花苜蓿种子饲草田播种时，在穴播器51上，先松开内外滚筒锁销57，调节内滚筒侧壁541上的带有标尺542的调节旋钮56至4°，对应外滚筒53两端侧壁上标有的刻度2后，锁定内外滚筒锁销57；接着，打开穴播器51上的种箱阀门557，加入金皇后紫花苜蓿种子；启动发动机，在动力牵引下，当穴播器51外滚筒53转速在15r/min条件下：首先由悬挂装置30下方的推土板70将动力机后方的预播地和车辙刮平，接着镇压辊80将预播种床整压平，同时镇压辊80两端的松土齿81将预铺膜两端的土疏松；其后，地膜开沟器44在种床两侧开出地膜沟；地膜在地膜杆41上转动，通过地膜前导向杆42和地膜后导向杆43导向，将地膜平整的铺在种床上；再后，鸭嘴穴播器51在转动过程中，鸭嘴支撑尖5520首先触地膜，同时扎破地膜和土壤，成穴，燕尾压板556触地，使弹簧553受挤压，带动活动嘴5522张开，排种口555完成排种，同时，燕尾压板556离地，弹簧553回弹，活动嘴5522闭合；接着，后面的刮土压膜器46一方面为地膜两侧边覆土压膜，另一方面将多余土壤通过覆土滚筒61两侧的开口刮入覆土滚筒61里面；最后，播种机每行进2米，覆土滚筒转动一周，适量土壤从覆土滚筒61上的方形撒土口65排出，对地膜横向覆土一次；覆土滚筒61内土壤不足时，操作者可从覆土滚筒61两侧的开口处添加土壤；滚筒壳体611内壁设有并列斜置的支撑筋64一方面起到碎土作用，另一方面防止滚筒壳体611变形，并使覆土滚筒61内土壤分批适量排出，分段适时覆盖在地膜上。实验得金皇后紫花苜蓿播量1.5kg/亩，满足饲草田农艺技术要求。Experimental example: a kind of full-film-covered hole-seeding machine for dry land small-particle seeds of the present invention: when carrying out sowing in arid area ripe land and Golden Queen alfalfa seed forage field, on the hole-planter 51, first loosen the inner and outer roller lock pins 57, adjust Adjustment knob 56 to 4° with scale 542 on the inner drum side wall 541, after corresponding to the scale 2 marked on the side walls at both ends of the outer drum 53, lock the inner and outer drum lock pins 57; Seed box valve 557, add Golden Queen alfalfa seeds; Start the engine, under power traction, when the hole sower 51 outer drum 53 rotating speed is under the condition of 15r/min: at first by the bulldozing plate 70 below the suspension device 30 the power machine rear The pre-sowed ground and the rut are scraped flat, and then the pressure roller 80 will flatten the pre-seeded bed, and the soil loosening teeth 81 at both ends of the pressure roller 80 will loosen the soil at both ends of the pre-laid film; The plastic film ditch is opened on both sides; the plastic film is rotated on the plastic film rod 41, guided by the front guide rod 42 of the plastic film and the rear guide rod 43 of the plastic film, and the plastic film is laid flat on the seed bed; , the duckbill support tip 5520 first touches the mulch film, and at the same time punctures the mulch film and soil to form a hole, and the dovetail pressure plate 556 touches the ground, causing the spring 553 to be squeezed, driving the movable mouth 5522 to open, and the seed discharge port 555 to complete the seed discharge. The dovetail pressure plate 556 lifts off the ground, the spring 553 rebounds, and the movable mouth 5522 closes; then, the soil scraper 46 at the back covers the two sides of the mulch film with soil and presses the film, and on the other hand, passes the excess soil through the sides of the soil cover roller 61. The opening is scraped into the soil-covering drum 61; finally, every time the planter advances 2 meters, the soil-covering drum rotates once, and an appropriate amount of soil is discharged from the square soil sprinkling opening 65 on the soil-covering drum 61, and the plastic film is covered with soil once; when the soil in the soil-covering drum 61 is insufficient , the operator can add soil from the openings on both sides of the soil-covering drum 61; the inner wall of the drum shell 611 is provided with side-by-side inclined support ribs 64, which on the one hand play the role of crushing the soil, on the other hand prevent the deformation of the drum shell 611, and make the The soil in the soil-covering drum 61 is discharged in batches in an appropriate amount, and the sections are covered on the plastic film in good time. The sowing rate of Golden Queen's alfalfa is 1.5kg/mu, which meets the technical requirements of forage field agronomy.
试验方法1：选取干旱地区黄绵土熟地块，品种：金皇后紫花苜蓿种子，千粒重1.8-2.3g，含水率为12％。播深2厘米，播种量20kg/hm2，温水浸种，种子处理后，穴播器外滚筒转速在15r/min条件下：进行金皇后紫花苜蓿播种试验(所述的带有标尺的调节旋钮56处于对应刻度2)，划分6个地块，每个地块随机选取40个已播穴，检测每穴苜蓿种子粒数，并计算平均值；10天后统计种子发芽率；实验结果如表1所示。Test method 1: Select a ripe field of yellow cotton soil in arid area, variety: golden queen alfalfa seeds, 1,000-grain weight 1.8-2.3g, moisture content 12%. Sowing depth of 2 cm, seeding rate 20kg/hm 2 , soaking seeds in warm water, after seed treatment, the outer drum speed of the hole sower is under the condition of 15r/min: Carry out the golden queen alfalfa seeding test (the described adjustment knob 56 with scale is at Corresponding to scale 2), divide 6 plots, each plot randomly selects 40 holes that have been sown, detects the number of alfalfa seeds in each hole, and calculates the average value; counts the seed germination rate after 10 days; the experimental results are shown in Table 1 .
表1Table 1
试验方法2：选取干旱地区沙壤土熟地块，品种：金皇后紫花苜蓿种子，其它条件同试验方法1，实验结果如表2所示。Test method 2: Select a ripe plot with sandy loam in an arid area, variety: Golden Queen alfalfa seeds, other conditions are the same as test method 1, and the test results are shown in Table 2.
表2Table 2
试验方法3：选取干旱地区沙壤土熟地块，品种：西部骑士洋葱种子，千粒重1.5-2.1g，含水率为11％，播深1厘米，播前浸种催芽，播种后，遮阳网覆盖，其它同试验方法1，实验结果如表3所示。Test method 3: Select ripe land with sandy loam soil in arid area, variety: western knight onion seeds, 1,000-grain weight 1.5-2.1g, moisture content 11%, sowing depth 1 cm, soak seeds before sowing to accelerate germination, after sowing, cover with sunshade net, other same Test method 1, the test results are shown in Table 3.
表3table 3
试验方法4：选取高原干旱沙壤土熟地块，品种：中草药独一味种子，千粒重3.2～3.9g，含水率为12％，播深3厘米，播前以浓度50mg/L赤霉素处理独一味种子，播种后，遮阳网覆盖，其它同试验方法1，实验结果如表4所示。Test method 4: Select a plateau dry sandy loam ripening plot, variety: Chinese herbal medicine unique seeds, 1,000-grain weight 3.2-3.9g, moisture content 12%, sowing depth 3 cm, treat unique seeds with a concentration of 50mg/L gibberellin before sowing , after sowing, covered with sun-shading nets, the other is the same as test method 1, and the test results are shown in Table 4.
表4Table 4
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包括在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.