CN104015005A - 高镁铝合金商用车轮毂的制造方法 - Google Patents
高镁铝合金商用车轮毂的制造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104015005A CN104015005A CN201410262246.6A CN201410262246A CN104015005A CN 104015005 A CN104015005 A CN 104015005A CN 201410262246 A CN201410262246 A CN 201410262246A CN 104015005 A CN104015005 A CN 104015005A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum alloy
- magnesium aluminum
- wheel hub
- blank
- forging
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229910000838 Al alloys Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002994 raw materials Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 methods Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000956 alloys Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 230000000087 stabilizing Effects 0.000 abstract 1
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- 230000002708 enhancing Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910018464 Al—Mg—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高镁铝合金商用车轮毂的制造方法，包括以下步骤：第一步，将原料高镁铝合金热轧板制成圆环状坯料；第二步，采用旋压机或冲压机，将圆环状坯料拉深成盘状，得到圆盘状坯料；第三步，将冷却至再结晶温度以下的圆盘状坯料放入锻压模具中，用锻压机对轮辐部分进行锻压，得到锻压铝合金轮毂毛坯；第四步，在旋压机上将锻压铝合金轮毂毛坯旋压成空心旋转体轮毂毛坯；第五步，将旋压成形之后的空心旋转体轮毂毛坯在100℃～250℃温度下保温0.5～6小时，实现低温稳定化处理；第六步，机加工及表面处理。本发明可以解决现有的工艺复杂，生产效率低和能耗高的问题，达到降低能耗，提高生产效率，且产品具有较好的力学性能的目的。
Description
高镁铝合金商用车轮毂的制造方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种轮毂的制造方法，具体涉及一种高镁铝合金商用车轮毂的制造方法。
背景技术
[0002]目前，汽车工业正朝着轻量、高速、安全、节能、舒适与环境污染轻的方向发展，因此铝合金零部件在汽车中的用量日益增多。轮毂作为汽车行驶系统中的重要部件之一，也是一种要求较高的保安件，它不仅承载汽车的重量，同时也体现着汽车的外观造型。在过去的十年中，全球铝合金汽车轮毂产量的年平均增长率达7.6%。由此可见，随着汽车轻量化的需求日益扩大，铝合金轮毂在现代汽车制造中正逐步取代传统的钢制轮毂而被广泛地推广应用。
[0003] 但是，现有的锻造铝合金商用车轮毂技术中，通常以Al-Mg-Si合金铸棒为原材料，坯料预热时间长，需进行镦粗及多次锻造，且轮毂成形后需经过长时间的固溶及时效对铝合金进行强化，具有工艺复杂，生产周期长，材料利用率低，能耗高等缺点。
发明内容
[0004] 本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种高镁铝合金商用车轮毂的制造方法，它可以解决现有技术工艺复杂，生产效率低和能耗高的问题，达到降低能耗，提高生产效率的目的。 [0005] 为解决上述技术问题，本发明高镁铝合金商用车轮毂的制造方法的技术解决方案为，包括以下步骤:
第一步，备料；
将原料高镁铝合金热轧板制成圆环状坯料；
所述高镁铝合金热轧板采用高镁铝合金铸锭经过热轧处理制成。所述热轧处理的方法为:开轧温度为440°C~500°C，终轧温度为300°C~350°C。
[0006] 所述高镁铝合金为Mg含量≥4%的铝合金。
[0007] 所述高镁招合金热轧板的厚度为30mm~65mm。
[0008] 第二步，拉深；
采用旋压机或冲压机，将圆环状坯料拉深成盘状，得到圆盘状坯料；
拉深为冷拉深、温拉深或热拉深。
[0009] 第三步，锻压；
将冷却至再结晶温度以下的圆盘状坯料放入锻压模具中，用锻压机对轮辐部分进行锻压，得到锻压铝合金轮毂毛坯；
锻压的次数为I~2次。
[0010] 锻压的温度≤高镁铝合金材料的再结晶温度。
[0011 ] 锻压的变形量为5%~40%。[0012] 第四步，旋压成形；
在旋压机上，将锻压铝合金轮毂毛坯在再结晶温度以下进行强力旋压，形成轮辋部分，得到空心旋转体轮毂毛坯；
旋压的温度 < 高镁铝合金材料的再结晶温度。
[0013] 第五步，稳定化处理；
将旋压成形之后的空心旋转体轮毂毛坯在100°c〜250°C温度下保温0.5〜6小时，实现低温稳定化处理；
第六步，机加工及表面处理；
将稳定化处理之后的铝合金轮毂毛坯进行机加工及表面处理，得到铝合金轮毂成品。
[0014] 本发明可以达到的技术效果是:
本发明通过对铝合金轮毂所用的原料进行改进，不采用铸态的Al-Mg-Si铝合金棒料为原料，以达到简化工艺的目的，使在旋压成形前实现无需镦粗、冲孔预制坯料等工序，旋压成形后无需固溶时效处理过程。
[0015] 本发明选用的铝合金热轧板是由铸锭经热轧而成。铸锭经热轧后，晶粒被细化延伸，使晶向趋于一致，缩孔和疏松被压实。由于热轧是在再结晶温度以上的加工，在金属发生塑性变形的同时，会发生恢复、再结晶等退火作用。通过热轧能将铸造状态的粗大晶粒破碎，显微裂纹愈合，减少或消除铸造缺陷，将铸态组织转变为致密的纤维状变形组织，从而达到了改善合金组织结构的效果。更重要的是，通过改进采用铝合金热轧板为原料，加工过程中无需镦粗、冲孔预制坯料步骤，得到的产品性能至少能够达到原有产品的相当性能，简化工艺的同时，仍然能够保证产品的性能甚至更高。
[0016] 本发明通过高强度的高镁铝合金替代Al-Mg-Si热处理强化铝合金，无需热处理强化工艺，不仅简化了工艺步骤，提高了生产效率，而且能够达到降低能耗目的。与现有采用铸棒制备铝轮毂技术相比，本发明通过对铝合金轮毂所用的原料进行改进，无需经过镦粗、冲孔预制坯料、固溶时效等过程，大大简化了工艺步骤，以达到降低能耗，提高生产效率的目的。
[0017] 本发明采用相对较薄的具有纤维状变形组织的铝合金热轧板为原料直接旋压或拉深成盘状坯料，与现有采用铸态棒状坯料的锻造铝合金轮毂制造工艺相比，坯料所需的预热温度低、预热时间短，能够明显减少能源消耗量，提高生产效率。
[0018] 本发明采用Al-Mg不可热处理强化铝合金，通过低温锻压、旋压能够使高镁铝合金产生加工硬化，获得较高的强度，从而得到具有较好力学性能的产品。
附图说明
[0019] 下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明:
图la、图1b是本发明高镁铝合金商用车轮毂的制造方法所制备的圆环状坯料的示意图；其中图1a是图1b的剖面图；
图2a、图2b是本发明所制备的圆盘状坯料的示意图；其中图2a是图2b的剖面图；
图3a、图3b是本发明所制备的锻压铝合金轮毂毛坯的示意图；其中图3a是图3b的剖面图；
图4a、图4b是本发明所制备的空心旋转体轮毂毛坯的示意图；其中图4a是图4b的剖面图；
图5为采用旋压机将圆环状坯料旋压拉深成圆盘状坯料的过程示意图；
图6为采用冲压机将圆环状坯料冲压拉深成圆盘状坯料的过程示意图；
图7为采用锻压机对圆盘状坯料进行锻压之前的示意图；
图8为采用锻压机将圆盘状坯料锻压成锻压铝合金轮毂毛坯的示意图；
图9为采用旋压机对锻压铝合金轮毂毛坯进行旋压之前的示意图；
图10为采用旋压机将锻压铝合金轮毂毛坯旋压成空心旋转体轮毂毛坯的示意图。
具体实施方式
[0020] 本发明高镁铝合金商用车轮毂的制造方法，包括以下步骤:
第一步，备料；
根据轮毂的大小计算所需坯料的体积，将原料高镁铝合金热轧板冲裁成如图la、图1b所示的圆环状还料；
高镁铝合金热轧板采用高镁铝合金铸锭经过热轧处理制成；
具体热轧处理的方法为:将高镁铝合金铸锭进行热轧处理，开轧温度为440°C~500°C，终轧温度为300°C~350°C ；
本发明在再结晶温度以上对高镁铝合金铸锭进行热轧处理，能够改善合金的组织结构，提高合金的性能。
[0021] 高镁铝合金为Mg含量≥4%的铝合金；优选5182、5083、5A05、5A06等5系铝合金。
[0022] 高镁铝合金热轧板的厚度，根据轮毂尺寸的要求，优选为30mm~65mm。
[0023] 本发明通过控制高镁铝合金中Mg的含量，以保证轮毂最终成形后拥有足够的强度。
[0024] 第二步，拉深；
采用如图5所示的旋压机或如图6所示的冲压机，将圆环状坯料拉深成盘状，得到如图2a、图2b所示的圆盘状坯料；
拉深可以为冷拉深、温拉深或热拉深。
[0025] 优选采用热旋压及热冲压的方式进行拉深。
[0026] 第三步，锻压；
将冷却至再结晶温度以下的圆盘状坯料放入锻压模具中，用锻压机对轮辐部分进行锻压以产生加工硬化，得到如图3a、图3b所示的锻压铝合金轮毂毛坯；
如图7至图8为采用锻压机将圆盘状坯料锻压成锻压铝合金轮毂毛坯的过程示意图； 锻压的次数为I~2次；
锻压的温度<高镁铝合金材料的再结晶温度；
锻压的变形量为5%~40%，优选20%~30% ；
优选采用温锻方式进行锻压。
[0027] 本发明通过控制锻压温度使铝合金产生加工硬化，以提高铝合金强度，从而使轮辐部分获得较高的力学性能。
[0028] 第四步，旋压成形；
将锻压铝合金轮毂毛坯加热至不高于高镁铝合金材料的再结晶温度，在旋压机上将锻压铝合金轮毂毛坯旋压成如图4a、图4b所示的空心旋转体轮毂毛坯；
如图9至图10为采用强力旋压机将锻压铝合金轮毂毛坯旋压成空心旋转体轮毂毛坯的过程示意图；
优选采用温旋方式进行强力旋压成形，旋压温度≤高镁铝合金材料的再结晶温度； 第五步，稳定化处理；
将旋压成形之后的空心旋转体轮毂毛坯在100°C~250°C温度下保温0.5~6小时，实现低温稳定化处理；
本发明通过低温稳定化处理，可以保证高镁铝合金性能的稳定；无需长时间的高温固溶及时效等过程，大大简化了工艺步骤，能够明显减少能源消耗量，提高生产效率。
[0029] 第六步，机加工及表面处理；
将稳定化处理之后的铝合金轮毂毛坯进行机加工及表面处理，得到铝合金轮毂成品； 机加工及表面处理方法为:去边、打磨、抛光和涂装。
实施例
[0030] 以一个22.5英寸的汽车铝合金轮毂为例:
将5083铝合金热轧板冲裁成尺寸为外径Φ800πιπι内径Φ260πιπι的圆环状坯料； 将圆环状坯料预热到380°C，旋压拉深成盘状；
将冷却后的圆盘状坯料放入锻压模具中，用锻压机对轮辐部分进行冷锻；
将锻压铝合金轮毂毛坯加热至150°C，在旋压机上将锻压铝合金轮毂毛坯旋压成空心旋转体轮毂毛坯；
再将空心旋转体轮毂毛坯在200°C的连续退火炉中保温Ih ;最后对轮毂进行机加工及后续表面处理，得到汽车铝合金轮毂产品。
[0031] 选取上述实施例得到的铝合金轮毂进行相应的力学性能测试，分别在轮毂不同部分进行取样，轮缘和轮辐部位采用圆棒拉伸度样，选用d6X30 ;轮辋部位采用片状拉伸试样，选用宽度blO，厚度为轮辋原始厚度，具体按照GB/T228-2002检测标准进行拉伸试验，表1是实施例制备方法得到的铝合金轮毂的测试结果，具体试验结果如表1所示。
[0032]表1
与传统商用车铝轮毂一般采用6ΧΧΧ热处理强化铝合金相比，本发明采用高镁铝合金，其强度仍然满足性能要求。
[0033] 本发明所制得的铝合金轮毂主要应用于汽车领域，当然本发明的轮毂并不仅限于汽车领域的轮毂，作为相关领域的轮毂均可。
[0034] 本发明中所描述的具体实施例仅是对本发明精神作举例说明。本发明所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代，但并不会偏离本发明的精神或者超越所附权利要求书所定义的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种高镁铝合金商用车轮毂的制造方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤: 第一步，备料； 将原料高镁铝合金热轧板制成圆环状坯料； 第二步，拉深； 采用旋压机或冲压机，将圆环状坯料拉深成盘状，得到圆盘状坯料； 第三步，锻压； 将冷却至再结晶温度以下的圆盘状坯料放入锻压模具中，用锻压机对轮辐部分进行锻压，得到锻压铝合金轮毂毛坯； 第四步，旋压成形； 在旋压机上，将锻压铝合金轮毂毛坯在再结晶温度以下进行强力旋压，形成轮辋部分，得到空心旋转体轮毂毛坯； 第五步，稳定化处理； 将旋压成形之后的空心旋转体轮毂毛坯在100°c~250°C温度下保温0.5~6小时，实现低温稳定化处理； 第六步，机加工及表面 处理； 将稳定化处理之后的铝合金轮毂毛坯进行机加工及表面处理，得到铝合金轮毂成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高镁铝合金商用车轮毂的制造方法，其特征在于，所述第一步中的高镁铝合金热轧板采用高镁铝合金铸锭经过热轧处理制成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高镁铝合金商用车轮毂的制造方法，其特征在于，所述热轧处理的方法为:开轧温度为440°C~500°C，终轧温度为300°C~350°C。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高镁铝合金商用车轮毂的制造方法，其特征在于，所述第一步中的高镁铝合金为Mg含量> 4%的铝合金。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高镁铝合金商用车轮毂的制造方法，其特征在于，所述第一步中的高镁招合金热轧板的厚度为30mm~65mm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高镁铝合金商用车轮毂的制造方法，其特征在于，所述第二步的拉深为冷拉深、温拉深或热拉深。
7.根据权利要求1所述的高镁铝合金商用车轮毂的制造方法，其特征在于，所述第三步锻压的次数为I~2次。
8.根据权利要求1所述的高镁铝合金商用车轮毂的制造方法，其特征在于，所述第三步锻压的温度<高镁铝合金材料的再结晶温度。
9.根据权利要求1所述的高镁铝合金商用车轮毂的制造方法，其特征在于，所述第三步锻压的变形量为5%~40%。
10.根据权利要求1所述的高镁铝合金商用车轮毂的制造方法，其特征在于，所述第四步旋压的温度<高镁铝合金材料的再结晶温度。
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| CN105268903A (zh) * | 2015-11-04 | 2016-01-27 | 浙江巨科实业股份有限公司 | 铝合金轮毂的锻造成形方法 |
| CN105728604A (zh) * | 2014-12-10 | 2016-07-06 | 陕西宏远航空锻造有限责任公司 | 一种大外径镁合金环形锻件的锻造成形方法 |
| CN106583963A (zh) * | 2017-01-06 | 2017-04-26 | 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司 | 一种提升钢质乘用车车轮疲劳寿命的工艺方法 |
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