CN104013382B - With the electronic type ophthalmic lens towards rear pupil diameter sensor - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed herein is it is a kind of for include electronic system ophthalmic lens towards rear pupil diameter sensing system.Described is a part for the electronic system being incorporated into the ophthalmic lens towards rear pupil diameter sensing system.The electronic system includes one or more battery or other power supplys, power management circuitry, one or more sensors, clock generation circuit, control algolithm and circuit and lens actuator circuit.The various aspects for being used to determine pupil position and use the information to control the ophthalmic lens towards rear pupil diameter sensing system.

Description

With the electronic type ophthalmic lens towards rear pupil diameter sensor

Background technology

1. technical field

The present invention relates to it is a kind of have sensor for detecting and/or sensing pupil diameter and associated hardware and The dynamical type or electronic type ophthalmic lens of software, and more particularly relate to the variation of detection pupil diameter and make electronics The sensor and associated hardware and software of formula ophthalmic lens state change.

2. related field describes

With electronic device continuous miniaturization, become increasingly to be possible to generate for the wearable of multiple use or can Embedded microelectronic device.Such purposes may include monitor body chemistry various aspects, in response to measure or in response to External control signal via various mechanisms (including automatically) apply controlled dose drug or therapeutic agent and enhancing organ or The performance of tissue.The example of such device includes glucose infusion pump, pacemaker, defibrillator, ventricular assist device and nerve Stimulator.It is a kind of that novel be particularly useful for application field is the wearable lens of ophthalmology and contact lens.For example, wearable lens In combination with lens subassembly, which there is electronics focus is adjusted, to enhance or improve the performance of eyes.In another example In son, no matter there is or do not have adjustable focal length, wearable contact lens all may include electronic sensor, to detect angle Before film in (tear) film particular chemicals concentration.Caused to following potential using embedded electronic device in lens subassembly Demand：Need to communicate with electronic device, need it is a kind of to these electronics and/or the method energized again, need by Electronic device interconnects, and needs inside and outside sensing and/or monitoring, and needs to control the overall work(of electronic device and lens Energy.

Human eye has the ability of million colors up to a hundred that distinguishes, be easily tuned to change the ability of illumination condition and with More than the ability that signal or information are transferred to brain by the rate of high speed internet connection.Currently, lens such as contact lens and Intraocular lens is used to defect of correcting defects of vision, such as near-sighted (myopia), long sight (farsightedness), presbyopia and astigmatism.However, knot The appropriately designed lens for closing add-on assemble can be used to improve eyesight and defect of correcting defects of vision.

Contact lens can be used for myopia correction, long sight, astigmatism and other visual sensitivity defects.Contact lens also can be used In the natural look of the eyes of enhancing wearer.Contact lens or " contact " are only located in the lens in the front surface of eyes. Contact lens is considered as medical treatment device and can be worn, to correct defects of vision and/or be used for beauty or other treatment reason.From 20 From the fifties in century, it is just commercially available the contact lens for improving eyesight in the market.The contact lens of early stage is made of hard material Or shape, it is relatively expensive and fragile.In addition, the contact lens of these early stages is made of following material, the material Material does not allow enough oxygen to be transferred to conjunctiva and cornea through contact lens, this can potentially cause many bad clinical effects It answers.Although still using these contact lenses, they are not particularly suited for all patients because of its undesirable initial comfortable degree.The neck The follow-up developments in domain produce the soft lens based on hydrogel, the soft lens it is extremely popular now and by Extensive use.Specifically, current available silicone hydrogels contact lens is by the beneficial of the organosilicon with high oxygen flow degree Effect and the attested comfort level and clinical performance of hydrogel are combined together.Substantially, it is made with by early stage hard material Contact lens compare, these are based on the contact lens of silicone hydrogels with higher oxygen flow degree and usually with higher Wear comfort.

Conventional haptic lens is the polymer architecture with specific shape, is asked with correcting various eyesights as outlined Topic.In order to obtain the function of enhancing, it is necessary to which various circuits and component are integrated into these polymer architectures.For example, control electricity Road, microprocessor, communication device, power supply, sensor, actuator, light emitting diode and miniature antenna can be built-in via customization Photoelectric subassembly is integrated into contact lens, not only to correct defects of vision, but also enhances eyesight, and provide as will be explained herein Additional function.Electronic type and/or dynamical type contact lens are designed to via amplifying and reduce ability or be merely logical It crosses and changes the refractive power of lens to provide the eyesight of raising.Electronic type and/or dynamical type contact lens are designed to enhancing face Voice is changed into subtitle, provides the visual cues of navigation system and provide by color and resolution ratio, display texture information in real time Image procossing and linking Internet.Lens are designed to that wearer is allowed to regard object under low lighting conditions.It is appropriate on lens Electronic device and/or the electronic device arrangement of design are permissible for example to throw image in the case of no varifocal optical lens It is mapped on retina, provides new types of image display devices, and even provide and wake up warning.Alternatively or in addition to In these functions or similar functions it is any except, contact lens may incorporate for noninvasive monitor wearer biology mark Remember the component of object and healthy indicator.For example, the ingredient by analyzing tear film, the permissible sugar of sensor being built in lens It urinates patient and monitors blood glucose level, without drawing blood.In addition, appropriately configured lens are in combination with for monitoring cholesterol, sodium Sensor with potassium level and other biomarkers.This couples permissible doctor with wireless data transmitter almost immediately The blood chemistry of patient is obtained, laboratory is wasted time without patient and is drawn blood.In addition, using built-in Sensor in lens detects the light being incident on eyes, to compensate environmental lighting conditions or for determining blink mould Formula.

The appropriately combined of device generates potential unlimited function；However, in the presence of with additional assemblies be attached to luminosity gather Close associated a variety of difficulties on object component.It is difficult on lens directly manufacture this class component generally, due to many reasons, and It is difficult to that plane device is installed and is interconnected on a non-planar surface.It is also difficult to manufacture in proportion.To be placed on lens or lens In component need to minimize and be integrated on only 1.5 square centimeters of transparent polymer, while protecting these components not by eye The influence of liquid environment on eyeball.Since the increased thickness of add-on assemble is also difficult to manufacture for wearer comfortable and safety Contact lens.

In view of the area and volumetric constraint and its use environment of the Ophthalmoligic instrument of such as contact lens, the physics of device Realization must pull against multiple problems, including multiple electronic building bricks be installed and interconnected on a non-planar surface, these electronic building bricks It is most of include optical plastic.Accordingly, it is desirable to provide the electronic type contact lens that machinery is firm and electricity is firm.

Since these are dynamical type lens, thus in view of the battery technology in ophthalmic lens scale, for driving electricity The energy of sub- device or more specifically current drain are a problems deeply concerned.In addition to normal current drain, which moves Power formula device or system generally require standby current deposit, and it is necessary to have the controls of accurate voltage and switching capability to ensure latent Many kinds of operating parameters under the conditions of operate, and need may keep it is idle for many years after carry out unexpected current drain (such as a hour consumption at most 18 (18) after single charge).Therefore, it is necessary to one kind needed for offer while electric power The system optimized in terms of low cost, service reliably and with long-term, safety and size.

Further, since function complexity associated with dynamical type lens and constitute dynamical type lens all components it Between high-caliber interaction, need coordinate and control constitute dynamical type ophthalmic lens electronic device and optical device it is total Gymnastics is made.Therefore, it is necessary to a kind of system for controlling the operation of every other component, system safety, low cost and can It leans on, there is low rate of energy dissipation and size can be scaled down into and can be incorporated into ophthalmic lens.

Dynamical type or electronic type ophthalmic lens, which may must take into account, utilizes the dynamical type or electronic type ophthalmic lens Certain unique physiological functions of individual.More specifically, dynamical type lens may must take into account blink, it is included in week given time Duration, time suddenly and any number of possible blink pattern of interim number of winks, blink, example Such as, if individual is being dozed off.Blink detection may be alternatively used for providing certain functions, such as dynamic as control using blink The method of the one or more aspects of power formula ophthalmic lens.In addition, when determining blink, it is necessary to consider that external factor, such as The amount for the visible light that the variation of intensity levels and the eyelid of people are stopped.For example, if illumination level in room between Between 54 (54) and 161 (161) are strangled, then optical sensor should be detected delicately enough is occurred when people's blink Intensity variation.

Ambient light sensor or optical sensor are used in many systems and product, for example, in TV with according to room Illumination come adjust brightness, for opened at dusk in lamp and for phone in adjust screen intensity.However, these Currently used sensing system is not small enough for being incorporated into contact lens and/or disappears without sufficiently low energy Consumption.

It is also important that it should be noted that can be used for human eye computer vision system (such as by digitlization to calculate Camera in machine) realize different types of apos.The software run on computers can recognize that various vision moulds Formula, such as open eyes and close one's eyes.These systems can be used in clinical ophthalmology setting for diagnostic purpose and research.Different from upper Detector and system are stated, these systems are intended to use outside eyes and be for looking to eyes rather than looking out from eyes. It is attached in contact lens although these systems are not small enough to, the software utilized can be contacted in conjunction with dynamical type The software of mirror work is similar.Each in both systems may include the software realization of artificial neural network, described artificial Neural network learns from input and adjusts accordingly their output.Alternatively, using comprising statistical data, Other adaptivity algorithms, and/or signal processing form intelligence system based on abiotic software realization.

Therefore, it is necessary to a kind of for detecting certain physiological functions (such as blink) and the blink detected by sensor The device and method that the type of sequence activated using these physiological functions and/or controlled electronic type or dynamical type ophthalmic lens. The size of sensor used and configuration must be appropriate for in contact lens.

Alternatively, in some cases, can be used for instead of blink or the pupil diameter other than blink Control the function of contact lens.Pupil diameter is a measurable eye parameters, can be used for controlling the variation of Ophthalmoligic instrument.It can Pupil diameter is measured by the camera (for example) towards eyes.The camera capture eyes image, by image, pattern or Contrast identification determines pupil, and calculates pupil diameter.Pupil diameter is expansion or shrinks, with the light water being incident on eyes It puts down in relation to (closely focus and remote focus is completely contradicted), it is also related with some physical conditions.Ophthalmoligic instrument can be according to pupil Bore dia changes light transmittance or focal length, or triggers other events.Alternatively, sensing data can only collect and For monitoring physical condition.

Existing method and device for measuring pupil diameter are not suitable for contact lens.For example, camera and identification are System is usually in clinical setting or may be found in eyeglass lens.Existing system was both required without being integrated into contact lens Small size, also do not have be integrated into low current needed for contact lens.Existing system is not intended to according to pupil diameter Change and change the state of Ophthalmoligic instrument.Therefore, it is necessary to one kind for detecting pupil diameter and using the information to control electronics The device and method of formula or dynamical type ophthalmic lens.

Invention content

It is according to the present invention have the electronic type ophthalmic lens towards rear pupil dilation sensor overcome it is briefly described above Limitation associated with the prior art.

According on one side, the present invention relates to a kind of dynamical type ophthalmic lens.The dynamical type ophthalmic lens include that contact is saturating Mirror, the contact lens include optics area and peripheral region；And pupil diameter sensing system, system controller and at least One actuator, the pupil diameter sensing system are incorporated into contact lens to measure pupil diameter, the system System controller is operably associated at least one sensor and is disposed for the diameter of the determining pupil simultaneously Control signal is exported according to pupil diameter, at least one actuator is configured to receive the output control signal and realize pre- Fixed function.

The present invention relates to a kind of dynamical type contact lens including electronic system, the electronic system executes any amount of Function, including the varifocal optical device of actuating (if including).The electronic system include one or more battery or its His power supply, power management circuitry, one or more sensors, clock generation circuit, control algolithm and circuit and lens driving Device circuit.

The manually operable external device (ED) that is wirelessly communicated with lens (such as hand can be passed through to the control of dynamical type ophthalmic lens Hold formula remote control unit) it realizes.Alternatively, it can be worn by arising directly to the control of dynamical type ophthalmic lens The feedback signal of wearer controls signal to realize.For example, the detectable blink of the sensor being built in lens and/or blink mould Formula.Based on blink pattern or blink sequence, in order to focus near objects or distant objects, dynamical type ophthalmic lens are changeable State, such as change its refractive power.It, can be by directly feeding back or controlling from wearer in the exemplary embodiment of another replacement Signal processed completes the control to dynamical type ophthalmic lens；That is, by the variation of the individual pupil size detected come It completes.

The pupil diameter sensor of the present invention has small size appropriate and low-power consumption to be integrated into contact lens. In one exemplary embodiment, which is shaped by silicon semiconductor technique, and thickness is about 100 (100) microns or more It is small, and it is cut into about 300 × 300 microns or smaller die-size.In the exemplary embodiment substituted at one, the sensor It is shaped to thin flexible apparatus, meets the spherical form of contact lens.In another exemplary embodiment, the biography Sensor is shaped to the array of smaller sensor, these smaller sensors are placed on the different location on contact lens To be sampled to the difference on iris.Sensor can be by detecting light reflection, impedance, electromagnetic field, nervous activity, muscle work It moves and determines pupil diameter and its variation with other parameters known to field of ophthalmology.

Pupil diameter sensor is designed to consume low current, and permission is being contacted by compact battery and/or energy collecting device It is operated in lens.In one exemplary embodiment, which is realized with unbiased or low polarisation sensor, to detect from rainbow The light of film reflection.Low duty ratio can be used in sensor in this and low frequency is sampled so that total power consumption minimizes. In another exemplary embodiment, which spans iris or the impedance reality at difference on iris to detect It is existing.Illustrate again, which is realized using the common low current technology in this field, for example, high impedance and low-voltage.Another In a exemplary embodiment, which is implemented as (for example) controlling the electromagnetism spoke that the muscle of iris aperture generates by sensing It penetrates to measure neuron-muscular activity.

Pupil diameter sensor is designed in the system according to the change triggers electronic type Ophthalmoligic instrument of pupil diameter Operation.In one exemplary embodiment, the sensor is sampled with appropriate rate, the rate is sufficiently fast, so as to comfortable Easily detection changes the needs of focal length, but slow enough, is operated by compact battery and/or energy harvester to minimize Required current drain.The sensor includes in a system so that pupil diameter (such as is incident in eye together with other inputs Ambient light on eyeball) consider together.In this case, system can detect pupil diameter when there is no the ambient light of decrease (with short distance focus needs in relation to) variation.

Description of the drawings

It is hereafter the more specific detail of the preferred embodiment of the present invention shown in the drawings, passes through these explanations, the present invention Above-mentioned and other feature and advantage will be evident.

Fig. 1 shows the exemplary contact lens for including blink detection system according to some embodiments of the present invention.

Fig. 2 shows the diagrams of the light being incident in ocular surface and the relationship of time according to the present invention, show each Plant possible unintentionally blink pattern and the relationship of time recorded under intensity levels and according to minimum and maximum light intensity The available threshold of certain point between degree is horizontal is horizontal.

Fig. 3 is the exemplary state transition of blink detection system according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 is the figure in the light detection path according to the present invention for the optical signal received to be detected and sampled Show.

Fig. 5 is the block diagram of digital regulated logic according to the present invention.

Fig. 6 is the block diagram of Digital Detecting logic according to the present invention.

Fig. 7 is exemplary timing chart according to the present invention.

Fig. 8 is the diagram of digital display circuit controller according to the present invention.

Fig. 9 is the exemplary timing chart according to the present invention for automatic growth control.

Figure 10 is light blocking regions on example integrated circuit die according to the present invention and the diagram that light passes through region.

Figure 11 is the exemplary electrical subboard (including apos) according to the present invention for dynamical type contact lens Diagram.

Figure 12 is located at the dynamical type with the first exemplary pupil diameter sensor according to the present invention on eyes The diagram of ophthalmic lens.

Figure 13 is located at the dynamical type with the second exemplary pupil diameter sensor according to the present invention on eyes The diagram of ophthalmic lens.

Figure 14 is the block diagram of the electronic system according to the present invention for detecting and using pupil diameter.

Figure 15 is the curve graph of ambient light and pupil diameter and the relationship of time according to the present invention.

Specific implementation mode

Conventional contact lens is the polymer architecture with specific shape, is asked with correcting various eyesights as outlined Topic.In order to obtain the function of enhancing, various circuits and component can be integrated into these polymer architectures.For example, control circuit, Microprocessor, communication device, power supply, sensor, actuator, light emitting diode and miniature antenna can be via the built-in photoelectricity of customization Component is integrated into contact lens, not only to correct defects of vision, but also improves eyesight, and provides as will be explained herein additional Function.Electronic type and/or dynamical type contact lens are designed to via amplification and diminution ability or are merely by changing Become the refractive power of lens and the eyesight of raising is provided.Electronic type and/or dynamical type contact lens be designed to enhancing color and Voice is changed into subtitle, provides the visual cues of navigation system and provides image by resolution ratio, display texture information in real time Processing and linking Internet.Lens are designed to that wearer is allowed to regard object under low lighting conditions.It is appropriately designed on lens Electronic device and/or permissible for example projected image onto in the case of no varifocal optical lens of electronic device arrangement regard On nethike embrane, new types of image display devices is provided, and even provide and wake up warning.Alternatively or in addition to these work( Can or similar functions in it is any except, contact lens may incorporate the biomarker for for non-intrusive monitoring wearer Component and healthy indicator.For example, the ingredient by analyzing tear film, the sensor being built in lens allows patient of diabetes Person monitors blood glucose level, without drawing blood.In addition, appropriately configured lens are in combination with for monitoring cholesterol, sodium and potassium water Flat sensor and other biomarkers.This is combined permissible doctor that can almost obtain immediately with wireless data transmitter To the blood chemistry of patient, wastes time laboratory without patient and draw blood.In addition, using being built in Sensor in mirror detects the light being incident on eyes, to compensate environmental lighting conditions or for determining blink pattern.

The dynamical type or electronic type contact lens of the present invention includes necessary component, with correct and/or improve have it is a kind of or The eyesight of the patient of a variety of above-mentioned visual impairments, or useful ophthalmology function is executed in other ways.In addition, electronic type contacts Lens can be used only to improve normal eyesight, or provide various functions as described above.Electronic type contact lens may include Varifocal optical lens is embedded into optical device before the assembling in contact lens, or is merely embedded any proper function Electronic device is without lens.The electron lens of the present invention can be coupled in any amount of above-mentioned contact lens.In addition, intraocular Lens are also in combination with various components and functionality described herein.However, in order to be easy to explain, the present invention will focus on for correcting The daily disposable electronic type contact lens of the single use of visual impairment.

The present invention can be used for include electronic system dynamical type ophthalmic lens or dynamical type contact lens, the electronic system For activating varifocal optical device or any other one kind for being configured to realize any amount of various functions that can be performed Or a variety of devices.The electronic system includes one or more battery or other power supplys, power management circuitry, one or more biographies Sensor, clock generation circuit, control algolithm and circuit and lens actuator circuit.The complexity of these components can be according to saturating Mirror is required or desired function and changes.

It can be by the manually operable external device (ED) (example that is communicated with lens to the control of electronic type or dynamical type ophthalmic lens Such as hand-held remote control) it realizes.For example, short watch chain can according to wearer be manually entered come with dynamical type lens carry out nothing Line communicates.It alternatively, can be by arising directly from the feedback letter of wearer to the control of dynamical type ophthalmic lens Number or control signal realize.For example, the detectable blink of the sensor being built in lens and/or blink pattern.Based on blink Pattern or blink sequence, in order to focus near objects or distant objects, state can be changed in dynamical type ophthalmic lens, such as changes Become its refractive power.

Alternatively, the blink detection in dynamical type or electronic type ophthalmic lens can be used for wherein in user There are various other purposes of interaction between electronic type contact lens, such as activates another electronic device or to another electricity Sub-device sends order.For example, the blink detection in ophthalmic lens can be used in combination with the camera on computer, wherein taking a picture The position that moves on the computer screen of machine tracking eyes, and when user executes blink sequence and the blink sequence is blinked When detecting, mouse pointer is caused to execute order, such as double-clicks a certain item, is highlighted a certain item or selection menu .

Blink detection algorithm is the component of system controller, the characteristic for detecting blink, such as detection eyelid is to open Or duration, duration suddenly and blink in a given period of time time of closure, blink Number.Algorithm according to the present invention is to rely on a certain sampling rate to the Optical Sampling that is incident on eyes.Store pre-determining Blink pattern, and be compared with the nearest history of incident light sample.When pattern match, blink detection algorithm can trigger system Activity in controller, such as change with active lens driver the refractive power of lens.

Blink refers to quick-make and the opening of eyelid, and is the basic function of eyes.Blink can protect eyes from Foreign object damage, such as when there is object unexpectedly to appear in ocular vicinity, individual will blink.Blink is by the spread of tears Lubricating action is provided in the front surface of eyes.The pollutant and/or stimulant that blink can also be removed from eyes.Normal condition Under, blink is automatically performed, but outside stimulus may result in blink, such as in the case where there is stimulant.However, blink It is also likely to be purposive, such as blink one can be passed through for the individual for that cannot be exchanged by language or by gesture It is secondary to indicate to be, indicate no twice by blinking.The blink detection algorithm and system of the present invention, which utilizes, not to be rung with normal blink The blink pattern that should mutually obscure.In other words, if by blink as the method for controlling behavior, to give behavior institute The AD HOC of selection just will not randomly occur；Otherwise, it may occur however that unintentionally act.Since blink speed can be by several The influence of factor (including fatigue, eye injury, medication and disease), blink pattern for control purposes preferably allow for this The variable of a little factors and any other influence blink.The average length blinked unintentionally is in about 100 (100) to 400 (400) milli In the range of second.General adult male population and woman are blinked with the secondary rate for being not intended to blink in ten (10) per minute, and are not intended to blink Average time between eye is 0.3 second to 70 (70) seconds.

The exemplary embodiment of blink detection algorithm can be concluded in following steps：

1. defining user by intentional " the blink sequence " of execution for positive blink detection.

2. unintentionally being blinked to incident light level sampling and rejecting with the consistent rate of detection with the blink sequence.

3. the history of the light level of sampling and expected " blink sequence " are compared, " the blink sequence " passes through number The blink template of value defines.

4. blink " masking " sequence optionally, is realized to indicate the part of the template to be ignored during comparison, such as Transformation nearby.This permissible user deviates desired " blink sequence ", such as adds one or (1) error that subtracts one, In be likely to occur it is one or more of following：Lens activation, control and focal length change.In addition, this permissible changes blinks User's sequential of sequence.

Illustrative blink sequence can be defined as follows：

1. blink (closure) 0.5s

2. opening 0.5s

3. blink (closure) 0.5s

Under the sampling rate of 100 (100) milliseconds, the blink template of a sample in 20 (20) is expressed as：

Blink_template=[1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1].

The sample that blink shade is defined as after transition immediately occurring is screened off to (0 for being screened off to or ignoring sample), And it is expressed as：

Blink_mask=[1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1].

Optionally, broader transition area can be screened off to allow the temporal uncertainty of bigger, and be expressed as：

Blink_mask=[1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1].

The pattern substituted can be achieved, such as single is blinked for a long time, is the template with 24 samples in this case 1.5s blink, be expressed as：

Blink_template=[1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,1,1,1,1,1]。

It is important to note that：Above-mentioned example is served only for exemplary purpose, and does not represent specific one group of data.

Detection can be realized by the way that sample history and template and shade are carried out logical comparison.Logical operation is right bit by bit Template and sample historical series carry out exclusive or (XOR) operation, then verify and all are not matched with template by the history bit of shade. It is blink on each position of logic 1 in the value of the sequence of blink shade for example, as shown in blink shade sample above It must match with the blink shade template in this position of the sequence.However, the value in the sequence of blink shade is logical zero Each position on, need not blink and match with the blink shade template in this position of the sequence.For example, using such as Following cloth woods (Boolean) the algorithm equation of middle coding.

Matched=not (blink_mask) | not (xor (blink_template,

Test_sample)),

Wherein test_sample is sample history.Matching value is that have with blink template, sample history and blink_mask There is the sequence of equal length.If matching all logics 1 of sequence, there is matched well.It is decomposed, not (xor (blink_template, test_sample)) logical zero is obtained to every place's mismatch, and logic 1 is obtained to the matching of every place. Logic is carried out with reverse phase shade or operation forces each position matched in sequence to become logic 1 in place of shade is logical zero.Cause This, in shade template of blinking, value is defined as the more of logical zero at this, and error margins associated with the blink of people are got over Greatly.It is a kind of high-level language for numerical computations, visualization and programming and realization, and is to be located at U.S. horse The product of the MathWorks companies of the Natick in the states Sa Zhusai.It is also important that it should be noted that logical zero in blink shade template Number is bigger, then bigger with the possibility of the wrong report of expected or desired blink patterns match.It should be appreciated that can will be each Expected from kind or desired blink mode programming has to each in the device there are one multiple actions.More specifically, can will be multiple Expected or desired blink pattern is for the same purposes or function or for realizing different or replacement function.For example, So that the lens on desired object is zoomed in or out using a blink pattern, while making lens using another blink pattern On the one therapeutic agent of another device (such as pump) delivering.

Fig. 1 shows the contact lens 100 of exemplary embodiment according to the present invention, the contact lens in block diagram form Including electronics apos system.In this exemplary embodiment, electronics apos system may include optical sensor 102, amplifier 104, analog-digital converter or ADC 106, digital signal processor 108, power supply 110, actuator 112 and system control Device 114 processed.

When contact lens 100 is positioned in the front surface of user's eyes, using the electronics of apos system Circuit come realize the present invention blink detection algorithm.Optical sensor 102 and other circuits be configured to detection blink and/or by The various blink patterns that the eyes of user are made.

In this exemplary embodiment, optical sensor 102 can be embedded into contact lens 100 and receive ambient light 101, by Incident photon is converted into electronics and thereby generates electric current (being indicated by arrow 103) by this, to flow into amplifier 104.Light sensing Device or photodetector 102 may include any suitable device.In one exemplary embodiment, optical sensor 102 includes light two Pole pipe.In preferred exemplary embodiment, optical diode is real in complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS processing technologies) It is existing, to increase integration capability and reduce the overall dimension of optical sensor 102 and other circuits.Electric current 103 and incident light level at Ratio, and be substantially reduced when photodetector 102 is covered by eyelid.Amplifier 104 generates the defeated of the amplification proportional to input Go out, and can be used as turning impedance amplifier by what input current was converted into output voltage.Amplifier 104 can may amplify the signal to for The level that the rest part of system uses, such as signal is made to have enough voltage and electric power to be obtained by ADC 106.For example, Amplifier may be needed for the follow-up block of driving, because the output of optical sensor 102 may be fairly small and may be in low light According to being used in environment.Amplifier 104 can realize that gain can be by system controller 114 to feed back cloth with variable gain amplifier The mode of setting adjusts, so that the dynamic range of system maximizes.In addition to providing gain, amplifier 104 may also include other simulation letters Number adjust circuit, be for example adapted for the output of optical sensor 102 and amplifier 104 filter circuit and other circuits.Amplifier 104 may include any device for being suitable for amplifying and adjusting the signal exported by optical sensor 102.For example, amplifier 104 can be only It includes single operational amplifier or the more complicated circuit including one or more operational amplifiers to be.As described above, light passes Sensor 102 and amplifier 104 are configured to that blink sequence is detected and detached according to the incident intensity received by eyes, And the digital signal for being converted into finally being used by system controller 114 by input current.System controller 114 is preferably pre- It programs or is pre-configured into and identify various blink sequences and/or blink pattern under the conditions of various intensity levels, and to actuator 112 provide suitable output signal.System controller 114 further includes associated memory.

In this exemplary embodiment, ADC 106 can be used for converting the continuous analog signal exported from amplifier 104 At the digital signal for the sampling for being suitable for further signal processing.For example, the simulation that ADC 106 can will be exported from amplifier 104 Signal is converted into the number letter used for follow-up or circuit downstream (such as digital information processing system or microprocessor 108) Number.Digital information processing system or digital signal processor 108 can be used for including one or more of following digital signal Processing：Filtering, processing, detection and otherwise data of manipulation/processing sampling, to allow incident light detection under Trip uses.Digital signal processor 108 can be pre-programmed with above-mentioned blink sequence and/or blink pattern.Digital signal processor 108 It further include associated memory.Digital signal processor 108 can using analog circuit, digital circuit, software, or combinations thereof come It realizes.In the exemplary embodiment shown, digital signal processor is realized in digital circuit.ADC 106 is together with associated Amplifier 104 and digital signal processor 108 with the suitable rate activation consistent with aforementioned sample rate, such as every 100 (100) millisecond activation is primary.

Power supply 110 is many assembly power supplies for constituting blink detection system.Electric power can be by battery, energy collecting device or sheet Other suitable methods offers known to a person of ordinary skill in the art in field.Substantially, can using any kind of power supply 110 come for The every other component of system provides reliable electric power.The shape of system and/or system controller can be changed using blink sequence State.In addition, system controller 114 can control dynamical type contact lens according to the output from digital signal processor 108 Other aspects, such as change by actuator 112 focal length or refractive power of electronic control type lens.

System controller 114 is used from optical sensor chain (i.e. optical sensor 102, amplifier 104, ADC 106 and number Signal processing system 108) signal with by the light level of sampling with blink activation pattern be compared.Referring to Fig. 2, it illustrates The diagram of the blink pattern sample recorded under various intensity levels and time and the relationship of available threshold level.Therefore, By considering various factors, the blink detection mistake in the Optical Sampling to being incident on eyes, example can be reduced and/or prevented As in view of in different location and/or in the variation for executing various activities Light intensity level.In addition, when to being incident on eyes Optical Sampling when, may be influenced caused by eyes and eyelid by the variation in view of ambient light intensity, can also reduce and/or Blink detection mistake is prevented, such as eyelid blocking how much may be used when eyelid is closed under low intensity light level and high-strength light level It is light-exposed.In other words, to prevent the blink pattern using mistake from being controlled, it is preferably considered as the level of ambient light, this will Explanation in further detail below.

Such as under study for action, it has been found that the visible light of eyelid average barrier about percent 99 (99), but shorter At wavelength, the light transmitted through eyelid tends to be fewer, to the visible light of blocking about 99.6%.In the infrared part towards spectrum Longer wavelength at, eyelid can stop the incident light of only percent 30 (30).It is important, however, that it should be noted that different frequency, Wavelength and the light of intensity may be with different efficiency transmitted through eyelid.For example, when watching bright light source attentively, individual can be at him or she Eyelid be closed when see red light.Based on individual (such as cutaneous pigmentation of individual), on eyelid blocking how much light There may be variations.As shown in Fig. 2, simulating blink pattern in the time interval of 70 (70) seconds under various illumination levels Data sample wherein the visual intensity of record transmitted through eyes is horizontal in simulation process, and shows available threshold value.Threshold value It is set in the visible light intensity recorded for sample blink pattern under different intensity levels in simulation process Value between the peak-to-peak value of degree.Have while tracking light level average value at any time and adjusting threshold value to blink pattern into The ability of row pre-programmed may be extremely important for it can detect some individual and when blink, when this does not bat an eyelid with individual And/or there are different when intensity levels' variation only in a certain region.

Referring now again to Fig. 1, in the exemplary embodiment of other replacements, system controller 114 can be from including following One or more of source receive input：Apos, eyes muscle sensor and short watch chain control device.Generally For, it may be it is readily apparent that the method for activation and/or control system controller 114 for those of skill in the art It may need to use one or more Activiation methods.It is compiled for example, electronic type or dynamical type contact lens can be directed to individual user Journey, such as the ciliary of both the blink pattern of individual and the ciliary muscle of individual when executing various actions is programmed to recognize that lens Flesh signal, such as when focusing on distant objects or focusing near objects.In some exemplary embodiments, using more It is saturating that activation contact is may be provided in a kind of method activation electronic type contact lens (such as blink detection and ciliary muscle signal detection) Each method is set before mirror to intersect the ability of inspection.The advantages of cross-check, may include eliminating wrong report, such as make unintentionally The probability for triggering lens and activating minimizes.In one exemplary embodiment, cross-check can relate to voting scheme, wherein It carries out meeting a quantity of condition before any action.

Actuator 112 may include any suitable dress for realizing specific action according to the command signal received It sets.For example, if blink activation pattern is matched, system controller 114 compared with the light level of sampling as described above It can enable actuator 112, such as variable optical electronic type or dynamical type lens.Actuator 112 may include electric device, machinery dress Set, magnetic devices, or any combination thereof.In addition to receiving electric power from power supply 110, actuator 112 is also received from system controller 114 Signal, and a certain action is generated according to the signal from system controller 114.For example, if the signal table of system controller 114 Bright wearer is attempt to focus near objects, then changes the refractive power of electronic type ophthalmic lens using actuator 112, Such as via the more optics of liquids areas of dynamic.In the exemplary embodiment of replacement, 114 exportable instruction of system controller should be to eye Eyeball delivers the signal of therapeutic agent.In this exemplary embodiment, actuator 112 may include pump and reservoir, such as micro-electro-mechanical systems System (MEMS) pump.As described above, the dynamical type lens of the present invention can provide multiple functions, therefore, one or more actuators can It is variously configured to realize these functions.

Fig. 3 shows the state transition graph 300 of the exemplary blink detection system of blink detection algorithm according to the present invention. System is in IDLE state 302 when starting, and enable signal bl_go is waited for be set.When enabled bl_go signals are set, Such as by comparable electric with the oscillator of 100 (100) millisecond rates application pulse bl_go and control with blink sampling rate Road, state machine are then converted to WAIT_ADC states 304, and in this state, ADC is enabled to convert the light level received At digital value.ADC is by adc_done home position signals, and to indicate that its operation is completed, and system or state machine are converted to SHIFT shapes State 306.In SHIFT states 306, the ADC output valves of newest reception are pushed into shift register by system, to preserve blink sample This history.In some exemplary embodiments, in order to make memory requirement minimize, ADC output valves and threshold value are carried out first Compare, to provide single position (1 or 0) to sample value.System or state machine are then converted to COMPARE states 308, in this state In, the value in sample History shift register is compared with one or more blink sequence template and shade as described above. It, can be by one or more output signal set (such as being set to 1), to switch the state of lens actuator if detecting matching Bl_cp_toggle waits for any other function of being executed by dynamical type ophthalmic lens.System or state machine are then converted to DONE State 310, and by bl_done home position signals, to indicate that its operation is completed.

Fig. 4 shows the exemplary light sensor that can be used for that the light level received is detected and is sampled or light detection Device signal path pd_rx_top.Signal path pd_rx_top may include optical diode 402, turn impedance amplifier 404, automatic increasing Benefit and low pass filtered wave scale 406 (AGC/LPF) and ADC 408.Adc_vref signals are input to from power supply 110 (referring to Fig. 1) ADC 408, or alternatively, can be provided by the special circuit in analog-digital converter 408.ADC's 408 is defeated Go out adc_data and be sent to Digital Signal Processing and system controller block 108/114 (referring to Fig. 1).Although to be easy to explain For the sake of be shown respectively individual block 108 and 114 in Fig. 1, however Digital Signal Processing and system controller preferably exist It is realized on single block 410.Enable signal adc_en, start signal adc_start and reset signal adc_rst_n are from number What word signal processing and system controller 410 received, it is completed at the same time signal adc_complete and is sent to Digital Signal Processing With system controller 410.Clock signal adc_clk can be received from the clock source outside signal path pd_rx_top, Huo Zhecong Digital Signal Processing and system controller 410 receive.It is important to note that adc_clk signals and system clock can be different Frequency is run.It is also important that it should be noted that any amount of difference ADC, these ADC that can be used can have difference according to the present invention Interface and control signal, but it executes similar function：Adopting for the output of the analog portion in photosensor signal path is provided The digital representation of sample.Light detection enable signal pd_en and light detection gain pd_gain is from Digital Signal Processing and system control What device 410 processed received.

Fig. 5 shows that the ADC signal value adc_data that can be used for be received is decreased to the number of the value pd_data of single position The block diagram of regulation logic 500.Digital regulated logic 500 may include digital register 502, with from light detecting signal path Pd_rx_top receives data adc_data, to provide retention value on signal adc_data_held.502 quilt of digital register It is configured to receive new value on adc_data signals when adc_complete signals are set, and is receiving adc_ Last received value is kept when complete signals.In this way, once the data are latched, system can disable light detecting signal Path, to reduce the current drain of system.Then, can in threshold generation circuits 504 by Digital Logic in the integral realized Add removing averagely or other averaging methods are averaged to the data value kept, to generate one or more on signal pd_th A threshold value.Then, the data value kept can be compared with one or more of threshold values by comparing device 506, with A data value is generated on signal pd_data.It should be appreciated that the comparison operation can utilize lag or with one or more threshold values Comparison so that the minimum on output signal pd_data.Digital regulated logic can further include gain-adjusted block pd_ Gain_adj 508, to pass through signal pd_ shown in Fig. 4 according to the threshold value calculated and/or according to the data value kept Gain sets the gain of automatic gain and low pass filtered wave scale 406 in light detecting signal path.It is important to note that showing at this In example property embodiment, six words provide enough resolution ratio in the dynamic range of blink detection, while keeping complexity minimum Change.

In one exemplary embodiment, threshold generation circuits 504 include peak detector, valley value detector and threshold value meter Calculate circuit.In this exemplary embodiment, threshold value and gain control value can be generated as follows.Peak detector and valley value detector quilt It is configured to receive the retention value on signal adc_data_held.Peak detector is further configured to provide output valve pd_pk, defeated Go out the increase that value pd_pk rapidly tracks adc_data_held values and the slow-decay when adc_data_held values reduce.It should Operation is similar to the operation of well known conventional diode envelope detector in electro-technical field.Valley value detector is further configured to Output valve pd_vl is provided, output valve pd_vl rapidly tracks the reduction of adc_data_held values and in adc_data_held values Higher value is slowly decayed to when increase.The operation of valley value detector is also similar to that diode envelope thread detector, wherein putting Electric resistor is connected to positive voltage.Threshold calculations circuit is configured to receive pd_pl values and pd_vl values, and goes back quilt It is configured to calculate midpoint threshold value pd_th_mid according to being averaged for pd_pk values and pd_vl values.Threshold generation circuits 504 are in Threshold value pd_th_mid is put to provide threshold value pd_th.

Threshold generation circuits 504 can be further adapted for updating pd_pk levels and pd_vl water in response to the variation of pd_gain values Flat value.If the increasing of pd_gain values is one step larger, pd_pk and pd_vl values increase a factor, and the factor is equal to light The expection gain increment value of detection signal path.If pd_gain values reduce a step-length, pd_pk values and pd_val values subtract A small factor, the factor are equal to the expection gain decreasing value in light detecting signal path.In this way, respectively in pd_pk values and pd_ The state of peak detector and valley value detector retained in vl values and according to pd_pk values and the calculated threshold of pd_vl values Value pd_th is updated to be matched with the variation with signal path gain, to avoid according only to light detecting signal path gain Change discontinuity or other variations of obtained state or value intentionally.

In the another exemplary embodiment of threshold generation circuits 504, threshold calculations circuit can be further configured to according to pd_ The ratios of pk values or percentage calculate threshold value pd_th_pk.In preferred exemplary embodiment, pd_th_pk can be advantageously 7/8ths of pd_pk values are configured to, calculating can realize by simply moving to right three with subtraction, such as in the art It is well known.Threshold value pd_th can be selected as the smaller in pd_th_mid and pd_th_pk by threshold calculations circuit.In this way, Pd_th values will never be equal to pd_pk values, even being incident on optical diode in constant light long-term, (this may lead Cause pd_pk values and pd_vl values equal) after.It is blinked it should be appreciated that pd_th_pk values ensure to detect after interval for a long time Eye.The behavior of threshold generation circuits is further illustrated in Fig. 9, as discussed subsequently.

Fig. 6 shows the number inspection according to an embodiment of the invention that can be used for implementation example number blink detection algorithm Survey the block diagram of logic 600.Digital Detecting logic 600 may include that shift register 602, shift register 602 are suitable for examining from light It surveys signal path pd_rx_top (Fig. 4) and receives data, or data are received from digital regulated logic (Fig. 5), being so in has Shown on the signal pd_data of one place value.The history of the sample value received is held in 24 by shift register 602 here In register.Digital Detecting logic 600 further includes comparison blocks 604, which is suitable for receiving sample history and one Or multiple blink template bl_tpl and blink shade bl_mask, and Digital Detecting logic 600 is suitable for exporting in one or more The matching of instruction and one or more of templates and shade, one or more of output signals can be held on signal It uses later.The output of comparison blocks 604 is latched by D flip-flop 606.Digital Detecting logic 600 may also include counting Device 608 or other logics, to inhibit the company carried out to same sample historical set with small displacement caused by being operated due to shade It is continuous to compare.In preferred exemplary embodiment, sample history is removed or resetted after finding matching really, thus needed Subsequent match could be identified again by sampling complete, new matching blink sequence.Digital Detecting logic 600 may also include state machine or Similar control circuit, to provide control signal to light detecting signal path and ADC.In some exemplary embodiments, control letter It number can be generated by the state of a control machine that is separated with Digital Detecting logic 600.The state of a control machine can be Digital Signal Processing and be A part for system controller 410.

Fig. 7 show from blink detection subsystem to used in light detecting signal path ADC 408 (Fig. 4) provide Control the sequence diagram of signal.Enable signal and clock signal adc_en, adc_rst_n and adc_clk are when sample sequence starts It is activated, and continues until analog-digital conversion process is completed.In one exemplary embodiment, ADC transfer processes are to work as Start when providing pulse on adc_start signals.ADC output valves are held in adc_data signals, and process is complete It is indicated on adc_complete signals at by analog-digital converter logic.Pd_gain signals, institute are also shown in the figure 7 State gain of the signal for setting the amplifier before ADC.The signal be shown in warm-up period (warm-up time) it Before be set so that analog circuit bias and signal level reach stable before conversion.

Fig. 8 shows the digital display circuit controller 800 for including digital blink detection subsystem dig_blink 802.Number Blink detection subsystem dig_blink 802 can be controlled and be may be adapted to by host state machine dig_master804 The clock generator clkgen806 to unite outside controller 800 receives clock signal.Digital blink detection subsystem dig_blink 802 may be adapted to provide signal to light detection subsystem as described above and receive signal from light detection subsystem.Except including use Except the state machine for controlling the sequence of operations in blink detection algorithm, digital blink detection subsystem dig_blink 802 is also It may include digital regulated logic as described above and Digital Detecting logic.Digital blink detection subsystem dig_blink 802 It may be adapted to receive enable signal from host state machine 804, and completion or termination instruction and blink detection provided to host state machine 804 Instruction.

Fig. 9 provides waveform (Fig. 9 A-9G), to show the operation of threshold generation circuits and automatic growth control (Fig. 5).Figure 9A shows the example of the photoelectric current and the relationship of time that are provided by the optical diode that may be in response to different light levels.In curve graph First part in, compared in the second part in curve graph, the photoelectric current of light level and gained is relatively low.In curve graph First part and both second parts in, see and blinked twice to reduce light and photoelectric current.It should be noted that as caused by eyelid The decaying of light may not be percent 100 (100), but lower value, which depends on eyelid to the light that is incident on eyes The transmissison characteristic of wavelength.Fig. 9 B show the adc_data_held values of the photoelectric current wave capture in response to Fig. 9 A.It is risen to be concise See, adc_data_held values are shown as the numeral sample of continuous analog signal rather than series of discrete.It should be appreciated that Digital sample values will correspond to horizontal shown in corresponding sample time in Fig. 9 B.Dotted line at the top and bottom of curve graph refers to Show the maximum value and minimum value of adc_data signals and adc_data_held signals.Range between minimum value and maximum value The referred to as dynamic range of adc_data signals.As discussed below, the light detecting signal path in curve graph second part Gain is different (relatively low).In general, adc_data_held values are directly proportional to photoelectric current, and change in gain only influences The ratio or constant of proportionality.Fig. 9 C show the pd_pk calculated in response to adc_data_held values by threshold generation circuits, Pd_vl and pd_th_mid values.Fig. 9 D are shown in some exemplary embodiments of threshold generation circuits in response to adc_ Pd_pk, pd_vl and pd_th_pk value that data_held values calculate.It should be noted that pd_th_pk values are a certain of pd_pk values always Ratio.Fig. 9 E show adc_data_held values and pd_th_mid and pd_th_pk values.It should be noted that adc_ wherein In data_held values relative constant a very long time, same level is decayed to pd_vl values, pd_th_mid values become In adc_data_held values.Pd_th_pk values are remained less than a certain amount of adc_data_held values.It is also shown in fig. 9e The selection of pd_th, wherein pd_th values to be selected as to the smaller in pd_th_pk and pd_th_mid.In this way, threshold value is always It is set to away from a certain distance of pd_pk values, to avoid causing because of the noise in photo-signal and adc_data held signals Mistake transition on pd_data.Fig. 9 F show the pd_ generated by being compared adc_data_held values with pd_th values Data values.It should be noted that pd_data signals are diadic signals, it is relatively low when blinking.Fig. 9 G show these exemplary waves The tia_gain values of shape and the relationship of time.Tia_gain values are configured in fig. 9e be shown as when pd_th is begun to exceed It is lower when the high threshold of agc_pk_th.It should be appreciated that when pd_th is begun to decline to less than Low threshold, similar behavior occurs And tia_gain is made to increase.Referring again to the second part of each in Fig. 9 A to Fig. 9 E, the effect that tia_gain is reduced is very bright It is aobvious.It is of particular note that adc_data_held values are held in the dynamic range of adc_data signals and adc_data_held signals Centre near.Additionally, it is important that it should be noted that update pd_pk values and pd_vl values according to change in gain as described above, from And the only discontinuity caused by light detecting signal path gain is avoided in peak value and valley value detector state.

Figure 10 shows that exemplary light barrier structure on integrated circuit die 1000 and light pass through structure.Integrated circuit pipe Core 1000 includes that light is opened by region 1002, light blocking regions 1004, pad 1006, passivation trepanning 1008 and photoresist layer Hole 1010.Light is located at by region 1002 above optical sensor (not shown), such as two pole of light formed in semiconductor processing Pipe array.In preferred exemplary embodiment, light makes light as much as possible reach optical sensor by region 1002, to make Sensitivity maximizes.This can by remove photoreceptor above polysilicon, metal, oxide, nitride, polyimides and other Layer is completed, this is allowed in the semiconductor technology for processing or post-processing.Light is also subjected to it by region 1002 His specially treated so that light detection maximizes, such as applies anti-reflective coating, filter, and/or diffusing globe.Light blocking regions 1004 can cover other circuits that need not be exposed on tube core.Photoelectric current may be such that the performance of other circuits deteriorates, example As made bias voltage and oscillator frequency in such as mentioned before this being attached in ultralow current circuit needed for contact lens Offset.Light blocking regions 1004 are preferably formed with thin, opaque reflecting material, such as in semiconductor wafer processing with after The aluminium or copper used in processing.If formed with metal, formed light blocking regions 1004 material must with it is following Circuit and pad 1006 insulate, to prevent short-circuit state.Such insulation can be by the part as normal wafer passivation The passivation (such as oxide, nitride and/or polyimides) being present on tube core is provided or by institute during post-processing Other dielectrics being added provide.Masking allow photoresist layer have trepanning 1010 so that conductive light blocking metal not with Pad overlapping on tube core.Light blocking regions 1004 are covered by additional dielectric or passivation, to protect tube core and avoid Short circuit during tube core adheres to.The final passivation has passivation trepanning 1008, to allow connection to pad 1006.

Figure 11 shows that the exemplary contact lens according to an embodiment of the invention with electronic package, the electronics are inserted Part includes blink detection system.Contact lens 1100 includes flexible plastic part 1102, and the flexible plastic part includes electronic package 1104.The plug-in unit 1104 includes the lens 1106 activated by electronic device, such as is focused on according to activation adjacent or remote.It is integrated Circuit 1108 is installed on plug-in unit 1104 and is connected to other assemblies necessary to battery 1110, lens 1106 and system.Collection Include optical sensor 1112 and associated Light detector signals path circuit at circuit 1108.Optical sensor 1112 passes through lens Plug-in unit faces outwardly and far from eye, it is thus possible to receive ambient light.Optical sensor 1112 can be on integrated circuit 1108 (as schemed institute Show) for example realized with the array of single optical diode or optical diode.Optical sensor 1112 can also be installed on plug-in unit 1104 Isolated system realize and connect with trace 1114.When eyelid is closed, include 1104 quilt of lens plug-in unit of photodetector 1112 Covering, to make the light level being incident on photodetector 1112 reduce.Photodetector 1112 can measuring environment light, with determination Whether user is blinking.

The larger change of the duration and interval of the permissible blink sequence of the additional embodiment of blink detection algorithm, such as By blinking the measured end time come the beginning timing to second of blink, rather than by using fixed according to first time Template or " not using tricks " interval (0 value) by widening shade.

It should be appreciated that being realized in the software that blink detection algorithm can be run in Digital Logic or on a microcontroller. Algorithm logic or microcontroller can be together with light detecting signal path circuits and system controller in the integrated electricity of single application specific It is realized on road (ASIC) or it can be divided across more than one integrated circuit.

It is carried than eyesight diagnosis, vision correction and eyesight it is important to note that the blink detection system of the present invention has High wider array of purposes.These wider array of purposes to control for the individual with physical disabilities various including the use of blink detection Function.Blink detection can be configured to open eyes or close one's eyes.

According to another exemplary embodiment, the present invention relates to dynamical type or electricity towards rear pupil diameter sensor Minor ophthalmic lens.The size of pupil and its variation (i.e. expansion and contraction) can be used for controlling the electronic type or dynamical type contact is saturating The one or more aspects of mirror.In other words, the signal exported from pupil sensor can be input to system controller, the controller Then specific action is taken according to input, and to actuator output signals to execute specific function.In addition, the information sensed can For assessing physical condition.

Iris is the separator between eyes anterior chamber and back room.Iris is formed by two pieces of muscle, this two pieces of muscle adjust rainbow The central opening (commonly referred to as pupil) of film.It is similar to photography shutter, pupil by the action of this two pieces of muscle come control into Enter the light quantity of eyes.The size of pupil changes with age, the color of pupil and ametropia (if any)；However, At any given time, many other factors can also influence the size of pupil.

Pupil dilation can be caused using certain medicaments such as cycloplegic (such as atropine).Third cranial nerve paralysis can Lead to pupil dilation.After suffering from acute angle closure glaucoma, pupil is expansible and insensitive to direct projection light stimulus and indirect light stimulus.Make For another option, pupil contraction can be caused using glaucoma medicine (such as pilocarpine).Other drugs (such as morphine) Lead to pupil contraction.In addition, certain diseases (such as iritis, eye sympathetic pathways interrupt and the damage of the irritation of cornea) It may also lead to pupil contraction.Iridodonesis, which is the convulsive of pupil, rhythm but irregular expansion and contraction, and can refer to Show a variety of diseases.

External spiritual influence (including surprised, frightened and worried) also leads to pupil dilation.Dim light leads to pupil dilation, and bright Light guide causes pupil contraction.In addition, when individual focuses near objects (such as read books), pupil can be due to commonly referred to as adjusting Section reflects and slightly assembles and shrink.Therefore, because known certain factors can cause healthy eye that specific pupillary reaction occurs, So the reaction of sensing pupil can be used as a kind of control method.For example, if only detecting pupil contraction or being detected simultaneously by pupil Hole is shunk and is assembled, then system controller can send signal to actuator, be incorporated into dynamical type contact lens with changing The state of varifocal optical device.

Referring now to Figure 12, it illustrates the dynamical type contact lenses with pupil diameter sensor.Contact lens 1200 It is located on the eyes 1201 of individual.The iris of eyes 1201 is illustrated as two-stage diameter, i.e. contraction state diameter 1203 and expansion State diameter 1205.Contact lens 1200 covers the part for including iris of eyes 1201.Contact lens 1200 shows including first Example property pupil diameter sensor 1202 and electronic building brick 1204.Contact lens 1200 may include other unshowned devices.

Exemplary pupil diameter sensor 1202 is preferably positioned as in the contact lens 1200 above iris.As schemed Show, pupil diameter sensor 1202 is the strip for covering all possibility pupil diameters, to allow it to detect all ranks Pupil diameter.If the sensor realizes that such as the situation in the exemplary embodiment, then the band is preferably thin, transparent with band, So as not to stop that light is incident on eyes 1201.In one exemplary embodiment, pupil diameter sensor 1202 includes the back of the body Pair or photodetector in face of iris array.According to pupil diameter, sensor separated by different distances will be examined with iris center Measure different reflected lights.For example, when iris is expanded, since pupil becomes larger dimmed, most of sensor may be detected almost Less than light.On the contrary, when iris contraction, due to the reflection of iris, most of sensor can detect the light of higher intensity.It should Understand, for this sensor, it may be necessary to for example, by using the dedicated programming of person and/or calibration, in system design Consider ambient light level and iris color.This ambient light sensor can be realized as optical sensor forward to supplement pupil diameter Sensor 1202 towards rear sensor.In one exemplary embodiment, it is the optics area for avoiding blocking drawing axis as possible, Transparent semiconductor (such as indium tin oxide) and small and thin silicon optical sensor can be used to realize pupil diameter sensor 1202.

In the exemplary embodiment substituted at one, pupil diameter sensor 1202 can be realized with the array of sensor, with Only linear tape is compared, these sensors are located in around iris so that coverage area maximizes.It should be appreciated that other physical configurations Performance, cost, comfort level, acceptance and other indexs can also optimized as possible.

Pupil diameter sensor 1202 can be integrated with other electronic devices, can work independently, or may be connected to other dresses Set, for example, electronic building brick 1204 controller part.In this exemplary embodiment, system controller is to pupil diameter sensor 1202 are sampled, and according to pupil diameter sensor 1202 generate as a result, system controller can be in activation system its His component (not shown).For example, the controller can activate Zoom lens.Power supply (not shown) is to pupil diameter sensor 1202, the other assemblies of controller and electronic type ophthalmic system provide electric current.More detailed description is given below.

This system may not only need those of as shown and description detector, it is also necessary to transmitter (not shown).This A little transmitters may for instance comprise and the matched light emitting diode of the optical sensor of pupil diameter sensor 1202.As other one Kind selection, transmitter may include the piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer for the ultrasonic receiver being connected in pupil diameter sensor 1202. In another exemplary embodiment, sensor and transmitter can (for example) by make low current signal pass through eyes and measure across The voltage change of eyes forms impedance detection system.

Figure 13 shows the contact lens with the exemplary pupil diameter sensor substituted.Contact lens 1300 is located in On the eyes 1301 of individual.The iris of eyes 1301 is illustrated as two-stage diameter, i.e. contraction state diameter 1303 and expansion state is straight Diameter 1305.Contact lens 1300 covers the part for including iris of eyes 1301.It is partly covered with shown in above-mentioned and Figure 12 The band of pupil or the array of detector are different, and one or more pupil diameter sensors 1302 are located in most by the system in Figure 13 Except big pupil diameter 1305, but still inside contact lens 1300.This configuration is highly beneficial, because will not be because of pupil diameter Sensor 1302 and stop optics area.One or more pupil diameter sensors 1302 may for instance comprise unidirectional or multidirectional coil Antenna.This antenna can receive the electromagnetic radiation from eyes when muscle controls iris contraction and loosens.Related field is known, Contact electrode, capacitance sensor and antenna can be (for example) used, muscle and the god of eyes are detected by the variation of electromagnetic radiation Through activity.In this way, it can be achieved that the pupil diameter sensor based on muscle sensor.Pupil diameter sensor 1302 can be with one Or multiple contacts or capacitive electrode are realized, are designed as measuring the impedance across eyes.In the system that other are proposed, The ciliary muscle activity of eyes is determined using impedance variations, so that it is determined that changing the requirement of focus condition, similarly, impedance can Variation for detecting pupil diameter.For example, the impedance across iris and pupil measured can be significantly changed according to pupil diameter. The appropriate position that is placed on the eyes and pupil diameter sensor 1302 for being suitably coupled to eyes can detect these resistances Resistance, to detect pupil diameter.Contact lens 1300 may also include electronic building brick 1304 as described above.

Figure 14 shows example electronic system 1400, is used to control pupil diameter sensing as shown in Figures 12 and 13 Device receives from it information and changes the state of actuator.Pupil diameter sensor 1402 includes one or more such as institute before this The pupil diameter sensor stated, such as optical sensor, antenna or impedance transducer.For simplicity, exemplary shown in this In embodiment, any transmitter is included in element 1402 necessary to realizing or improving sensor performance.Element 1402 can Including multiple sensors or multiple sensor blocks (such as 1402), they may be realized with different technologies and sensor, method.Member Part 1404 is the handing-over between sensor 1402 and digital display circuit controller 1406.For simplicity, only with an element 1404 Show, the part of system be responsible for activating sensor 1402, receive from it information, be converted from analog to number, amplification, filtering, Processing and any other required function.It may include one or more multiplexers, operational amplifier, analog-digital converter (ADC), other devices known to digital signal processor (DSP), filter and field of signal processing.Signal Regulation element 1404 output is the signal being made of sensing data, is input to system controller 1406.System controller 1406 judges Input from pupil diameter sensor 1402, and determine whether actuator 1408 needs change state.Actuator 1408 can be held Any one of row multiple functions, such as change the state of Zoom lens or the transmissivity of the filter of drawing axis.System Controller 1406 can determine whether the input from multiple sensors 1402, and can drive multiple actuators 1408.Transceiver 1410 It may include that the external device (ED) is for example installed in systems to send data to external device (ED) and/or receive data from external device (ED) The second contact lens, eyeglass lens, smart mobile phone on adjacent eyes or other devices.This communication is sent out by antenna 1412 Raw, which may be electromagnetic antenna or light emitting diode/optical diode sensor combinations.Power supply 1414 is system power supply, should Power supply may include battery or energy harvester.

It is important to note that preferably with the communication of device and outer lens and sensor on another eyes Exclude certain situations of possible false triggering action.For example, if an only pupil dilation, this may indicate that problem, and not only It is dim light.

According to an exemplary embodiment, digital communication system includes multiple elements that can be taken various forms when realizing. Digital communication system generally includes information source, source encoder, channel encoder, digital modulator, channel, digital demodulator, letter Road decoder and source decoder.

Information source may include generating any device of the information and/or data needed for another device or system.Source can be mould It is quasi- or digital.If source is simulation, the digital signal for being converted into including binary string is output it.Source encoder is held It is about to the process that the signal from source is effectively converted into sequence of binary digits.Then the information from source encoder is made to enter letter Road encoder, introduces redundancy into binary information sequence in channel encoder.The redundancy can be at receiver for overcoming The influences such as the noise, the interference that are encountered on channel.Then binary sequence is passed into digital modulator, is then converted into sequence Analog electrical signal, so that channel transmits.Substantially, binary sequence is mapped to signal waveform or symbol by digital modulator. Each symbol can indicate the numerical value of one or more positions.The modulated suitable channel of digital modulator or the height by transmission Phase, frequency or the amplitude of frequency carrier signal.Channel be wave travel by medium, and channel can to waveform generate interference Or other damages.For wireless communication system, channel is air.Digital demodulator receives the waveform destroyed by channel, to it It is handled, and waveform is simplified to Serial No., these numbers indicate transmitted data-signal as closely as possible.Channel Decoder reconstructs raw information sequence by redundancy in the understanding code used to channel encoder and the data received Row.For source decoder by the understanding to encryption algorithm by sequential decoding, wherein its output indicates source information signal.

It is important to note that said elements can be realized within hardware, in software or in the combination of hardware and software. In addition, communication channel may include any kind of channel, including wired and wireless mode.In wireless mode, channel can be directed to High-frequency electromagnetic signal, low frequency electromagnetic signals, visible light signal and infrared signal and configure.

Figure 15 shows the relationship of ambient light 1502 and pupil diameter 1504 and the time in x-axis, shows the two measurements Difference of the amount in terms of for activating electronic type Ophthalmoligic instrument (such as contact lens).During period first time 1501, ring Border light level 1502 increases, and pupil diameter 1504 reduces.Sense ambient light and pupil diameter that can be as previously mentioned, such as divide Not Tong Guo before to optical diode knead dough impedance transducer backward.As universal situation, the ambient light in the time cycle 1501 When enhancing, pupil diameter reduces.This is a kind of common reactant, is kept by reducing the aperture of iris relatively permanent on retina Fixed luminous intensity.In the time cycle 1503, ambient light level 1502 continues to increase first, then held stationary.However, pupil Diameter 1504 in upper a period of time than faster shrinking.This is not the classical correlation between ambient light and pupil diameter.It should Response may be caused by the narrow angular response of pupil (may be to short distance books), this wide angular response with ambient light detectors is not Together.In this way, can detect the variation of pupil diameter response and use it for the function in activation electronic type Ophthalmoligic instrument.In the time In period 1505, ambient light 1502 continues to maintain an equal level, however the expansion of pupil diameter 1504 or increase.Illustrate again, this may be by eye Caused by the specific response (such as adjusting reflection) of eyeball.In the time cycle 1507, ambient light level 1502 changes again, first Maintain an equal level and then reduce, pupil diameter 1504 maintains an equal level.Illustrate again, this can be used for detecting certain responses of eyes and triggering electronic type The change of Ophthalmoligic instrument operation.Finally, it in the time cycle 1509, observed again similar to shown in the time cycle 1501 Classical response.As ambient light level 1502 reduces, pupil diameter 1504 is expanded so that more light enter.

The activity of Signal Regulation block and system controller (being respectively 1404 and 1406 in Figure 14) depends on available biography Sensor input, environment and user's reaction, such as ambient light level and pupil diameter shown in Figure 15.Input, reaction, with And threshold value can be determined according to one or more of following：Ophthalmology research, pre-programmed, training and adaptivity/ Practise algorithm.For example, the general characteristic of the relationship of pupil dilation and ambient light can be recorded fully, in the literature suitable for widely making User crowd, and be preprogrammed into system controller 1406.However, deviation that is individual and being generally expected that response, such as scheme Deviation shown in 15 time cycle 1503,1505 and 1507 is recordable in training session or the portion of adaptive/learning algorithm In point, the algorithm continues to improve the response in the operation of electronic type Ophthalmoligic instrument.In one exemplary embodiment, user can Described device is trained by activating the hand-held short watch chain communicated with device when user wants to focus on nearby.In device Learning algorithm can be inputted with the sensor later stored referring next to before short watch chain signal, to improve internal decision making calculation Method.Sustainable one day of the cycle of training, then device will only lean on sensor input automatically to operate, and not need short table Chain.

It should be appreciated that pupil diameter can be individually used for the change of triggering electronic type ophthalmic lens, such as increase or decrease eye The transmissivity or pupil diameter of variable transmissivity lens in front of eyeball change electronics in combination with other one or more inputs The state of formula Ophthalmoligic instrument.

It is also understood that by the device of sensors with auxiliary electrode state can not be changed in the way of visible to user；On the contrary, Device can only record data.For example, sensors with auxiliary electrode can be used for determining whether user has correct rainbow throughout the day Film responds or whether there are the medical conditions of problem.

In one exemplary embodiment, in the peripheral region of contact lens rather than in optics area make electronic device and Electronic interconnection line.According to the exemplary embodiment of replacement, it is important that it should be noted that the position of electronic device is not necessarily limited to contact The peripheral region of lens.All electronic building bricks as described herein are shaped using thin film technique and/or transparent material.If Using these technologies, then electronic building brick can be positioned over any suitable position, as long as they are compatible with optical element.

Although shown or described is believed to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, but it will be apparent that this field In technical staff can described and shown specific design and method be made with change, and the present invention can not departed from Spirit and scope in the case of use these modifications.The present invention is not limited to the concrete configuration with shown in, and It is to be construed as being consistent with the whole modifications fallen within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (12)

1. a kind of dynamical type ophthalmic lens, the dynamical type ophthalmic lens include：

Contact lens, the contact lens include optics area and peripheral region；And

Pupil diameter sensing system, the pupil diameter sensing system are incorporated into the contact lens to measure Pupil diameter, the pupil diameter sensing system include at least one sensor, system controller, at least one actuator with And adjunct circuit, the system controller are operably associated at least one sensor and are disposed for described in determination The diameter of pupil simultaneously exports control signal according to pupil diameter, and at least one actuator is configured to receive the output Control signal simultaneously realizes scheduled function, and

Ambient light sensor, be configured to optical sensor forward with supplement the pupil diameter sensing system towards rear sensing Device.

2. dynamical type ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein at least one sensor include strip, the strip is horizontal It is installed across the optics area so that it can be sensed shrinks and fully expanded pupil completely.

3. dynamical type ophthalmic lens according to claim 2, wherein the strip includes being mounted to the iris towards eyes Optical sensor array.

4. dynamical type ophthalmic lens according to claim 3, wherein the array of the optical sensor includes transparent light Sensor.

5. dynamical type ophthalmic lens according to claim 3, wherein the array of the optical sensor includes thin silicon light Sensor.

6. dynamical type ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein at least one sensor includes surrounding the light The array of the individual sensor of school district periphery positioning.

7. dynamical type ophthalmic lens according to claim 6 pass wherein the array of the individual sensor includes light Sensor.

8. dynamical type ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein the pupil diameter sensing system further includes signal Processor, the signal processor is configured to receive signal from least one sensor, execute Digital Signal Processing and One or more signals are exported to the system controller.

9. dynamical type ophthalmic lens according to claim 8, wherein the signal processor includes associated memory.

10. dynamical type ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein the pupil diameter sensing system includes power supply.

11. dynamical type ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein at least one sensor includes impedance sensing Device.

12. dynamical type ophthalmic lens according to claim 1 are lived wherein at least one sensor includes neuromuscular Dynamic sensor.