CN103994682A - 一种热管及其制作方法 - Google Patents
一种热管及其制作方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103994682A CN103994682A CN201410188482.8A CN201410188482A CN103994682A CN 103994682 A CN103994682 A CN 103994682A CN 201410188482 A CN201410188482 A CN 201410188482A CN 103994682 A CN103994682 A CN 103994682A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- heat pipe
- metal oxide
- working medium
- shell
- capillary wick
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 210000001736 Capillaries Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound 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[Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0nMS4wJyBlbmNvZGluZz0naXNvLTg4NTktMSc/Pgo8c3ZnIHZlcnNpb249JzEuMScgYmFzZVByb2ZpbGU9J2Z1bGwnCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM6cmRraXQ9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cucmRraXQub3JnL3htbCcKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSdodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB4bWw6c3BhY2U9J3ByZXNlcnZlJwp3aWR0aD0nMzAwcHgnIGhlaWdodD0nMzAwcHgnIHZpZXdCb3g9JzAgMCAzMDAgMzAwJz4KPCEtLSBFTkQgT0YgSEVBREVSIC0tPgo8cmVjdCBzdHlsZT0nb3BhY2l0eToxLjA7ZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGO3N0cm9rZTpub25lJyB3aWR0aD0nMzAwLjAnIGhlaWdodD0nMzAwLjAnIHg9JzAuMCcgeT0nMC4wJz4gPC9yZWN0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PScxMDAuNScgeT0nMTcwLjAnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTAnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6NDBweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiNFODQyMzUnID5IPC90ZXh0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PScxMjYuMScgeT0nMTg2LjAnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTAnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6MjZweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiNFODQyMzUnID4yPC90ZXh0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PScxMzguMCcgeT0nMTcwLjAnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTAnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6NDBweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiNFODQyMzUnID5PPC90ZXh0Pgo8L3N2Zz4K data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N al2o3 Chemical group 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[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound 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O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper oxide Chemical compound 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[Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 206010010254 Concussion Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004643 Cupric oxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001884 aluminium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
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- 101700030310 FUS Proteins 0.000 description 5
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开一种实现电子器件及装置的散热冷却的热管及其制作方法，最外部是管壳，最内部是蒸汽腔，沿蒸汽腔的轴向将蒸汽腔分为蒸发段、绝热段和冷凝段，中间是绝热段，两端分别是蒸发段、冷凝段，管壳的内壁上紧贴有由孔径大小不一的多孔泡沫铜吸液芯组成的圆筒形的毛细吸液芯层，毛细吸液芯层的内壁上紧贴丝网支撑架，蒸汽腔内充有金属氧化物水基纳米流体工质，纳米流体工质的体积为蒸发段的体积的40%-60%，金属氧化物是氧化铝、氧化铜或二氧化硅；本发明将纳米流体与多孔泡沫铜结合在热管内，提高了热管的传热效率高。
Description
一种热管及其制作方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及电子器件及装置的散热冷却领域，具体是指一种高效热管，依靠自身内部工作液体相变来实现传热，实现电子器件及装置的散热冷却。
背景技术
[0002] 电子设备因小型化和集成化的需求，其产生的热量密度越来越大，势必会影响到电子设备的可靠性，这就要求在采取散热措施时，其散热设备有较高的导热性。热管有着超高的导热性、传热能力和优良的等温性等优点，成为最有效散热装置，在空调制冷、电气、核电、余热回收、航空航天等领域得到了广泛应用。热管的传热性能主要取决于其内部的传热工质和毛细吸液芯，毛细吸液芯有丝网芯、烧结金属芯、沟槽芯几种形式，丝网芯的网层间及丝网与管壁之间存在间隙，导致热阻较大；烧结金属芯的孔比较小，具有较小的孔隙率和孔隙率，液体回流阻力较大；沟槽芯对沟槽深度和宽度的尺寸要求很高，当热管弯折时，热管性能大幅下降，这几种吸液芯都不能同时很好地兼顾毛细力、工质流动阻力，并且制造难度大。而传统的传热工质是纯液体工质，包括水、醇和油，导热系数低，已经不能满足高热流热度下的传热和冷却问题。
发明内容
[0003] 本发明的目的在于克服现有热管散热性能不足的缺陷，提供一种新型的具有良好的吸液芯材料和高导热性能工质的高效热管，同时提供该高效热管的制作方法。
[0004] 为了实现上述目的，本发明所述热管采用的技术方案是:最外部是管壳，最内部是蒸汽腔，沿蒸汽腔的轴向将蒸汽腔分为蒸发段、绝热段和冷凝段，中间是绝热段，两端分别是蒸发段、冷凝段，管壳的内壁上紧贴有由孔径大小不一的多孔泡沫铜吸液芯组成的圆筒形的毛细吸液芯层，毛细吸液芯层的内壁上紧贴丝网支撑架，蒸汽腔内充有金属氧化物水基纳米流体工质，纳米流体工质的体积为蒸发段的体积的40%-60%，金属氧化物是氧化铝、氧化铜或二氧化硅。
[0005] 本发明所述高效热管的制作方法是按以下步骤:1)切割好孔径大小不一的多孔泡沫铜吸液芯，将切割好的吸液芯卷制成外径与管壳的内径大小相当的圆筒形，得到毛细吸液芯层；2)将卷制好的毛细吸液芯层整体推进管壳内部，与管壳内壁贴合，在毛细吸液芯层的内部插入丝网支撑架，使丝网支撑架紧贴在毛细吸液芯层内壁上；3)根据所充纳米流体工质的体积计算出金属氧化物纳米材料的用量，将金属氧化物纳米材料溶入基液中，使基液中的金属氧化物质量浓度为0.5%，得到金属氧化物水基；4)先用磁力搅拌器搅拌金属氧化物水基，再用超声震荡仪连续震荡得到稳定的悬浮液，即纳米流体工质；5)将体积占蒸发段体积40%-60%的纳米流体工质充在蒸汽腔内腔中；对蒸汽腔两端进行封口。
[0006] 本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明热管在管壳的内表面附上一层多孔泡沫铜材料，通过依靠卷制后自身张力与管壳内部结合，并用大孔径丝网作为支撑架，提高了热管的传热效率高，解决电子器件高热流密度散热能力不足的问题，使电子设备向小型化发展。
[0007] 2、本发明热管采用金属氧化物纳米流体作为工作液体，并采用多孔泡沫铜作为热管内壁吸液芯，纳米流体比传统工质具有更高的导热能力，降低了微层液膜的热阻，能够在相同的情况下传递更多的热量，并且纳米流体的微尺寸效应和布朗运动能够增加液体扰动，增加汽泡的脱离频率，破坏热边界层，增加有效蒸发面积，强化蒸发段的沸腾换热和冷凝段的凝结换热，同时使得热管的工作温度分布更加均匀。多孔泡沫铜具有较高的孔隙率和渗透率，由于大小孔径并存，大孔径能够很大程度上增加液体回流阻力，小孔径能够大大增加芯体的毛细压力，使得热量能够及时传递出去，增加了热管的传热能力和等温性能，表现出了良好的热潜力。纳米流体与多孔泡沫铜结合在热管内解决了常规热管不能同时兼顾毛细力和流动阻力的问题，同时提高了传热极限。
[0008] 3、与采用常规类型吸液芯及工质的热管相比，本发明热管的散热功率提高了5%~30%，热阻减少了 50%，热管平均温度低10°C以上。
[0009] 4、本发明热管的蒸发段和冷凝段结构相同，可以根据需要改变蒸发段的长度来改变热流密度，内部通过毛细力带动循环，不受重力影响，也可以任意一端作为加热蒸发段，另外一端向外散热自然成为冷凝段。
附图说明
[0010] 图1是本发明热管的结构及工作原理图；
图2是图1的径向截面图；
图中:1.管壳；2.毛细吸液芯层；3.蒸汽腔；4.工质；5.冷凝段；6.绝热段；7.蒸发段；8.丝网支撑架。
具体实施方式
[0011] 参见图1和图2，本发明高效热管最外部是管壳I，最内部是蒸汽腔3。沿蒸汽腔3的轴向将蒸汽腔3分为蒸发段7、绝热段6和冷凝段5，中间是绝热段6，两端分别是蒸发段
7、冷凝段5，蒸发段7和冷凝段5结构相同。管壳I是圆筒形，由紫铜材料制成。在管壳I的内壁上紧贴毛细吸液芯层2，毛细吸液芯层2由孔径大小不一的多孔泡沫铜吸液芯组成，毛细吸液芯层2的壁厚为0.2~1.0 mm，孔隙率为50%~80%。毛细吸液芯层2的内壁上紧贴丝网支撑架8，丝网支撑架8由孔密度为20 PPI的大孔径丝网制成。在蒸汽腔3内充有纳米流体工质4，使蒸汽腔3内为负压。纳米流体工质4是金属氧化物水基纳米流体工质，金属氧化物是氧化铝、氧化铜或二氧化硅，所充纳米流体工质4的体积为蒸发段7的体积的40%-60%。
[0012]本发明热管制作时，先根据热管尺寸计算并切割孔径大小不一的多孔泡沫铜吸液芯材料，切割边缘要平整光滑，将切割好的吸液芯材料卷制成圆筒形，该圆筒的外径与管壳I的内径大小相当，得到毛细吸液芯层2。将卷制好的毛细吸液芯层2整体推进管壳I内部，与管壳I内壁贴合，在毛细吸液芯层2的内部插入孔密度20目的大孔径高强度圆柱形丝网支撑架8，使丝网支撑架8紧贴在毛细吸液芯层2内壁上，依靠丝网支撑架8的自身张力挤压使毛细吸液芯层2与管壳I内壁充分贴合，保证其可靠性。再根据所充纳米流体工质4的体积计算出金属氧化物纳米材料的用量，将金属氧化物纳米材料溶入基液中，使基液中的金属氧化物质量浓度为0.5%，得到金属氧化物水基。先用磁力搅拌器搅拌金属氧化物水基，然后用超声震荡仪40 kHzUSOff的超声脉冲下连续震荡得到稳定的悬浮液，该悬浮液就是纳米流体工质4，将体积占蒸发段7体积40%-60%的纳米流体工质4充在蒸汽腔3内腔中。最后对蒸汽腔3两端进行封口焊接，保证热管的高真空度和焊接质量。
[0013] 本发明热管工作时，纳米流体工质4在蒸发段7吸收热量后发生沸腾，相变成气体，气态工质在蒸汽腔3内由蒸发段7流向冷凝段5，在冷凝段5向外部介质释放热量后冷却转变为液态，液态工质通过毛细吸液芯层2中的毛细吸液芯回至蒸发段7，形成循环回路。
[0014] 热管制 成后，对热管进行传热性能试验，散热功率比采用常规类型吸液芯及工质的热管提高了 5%~30%，热阻减少50%，热管平均温度低10°C以上。
Claims (5)
1.一种热管，最外部是管壳(1)，最内部是蒸汽腔(3)，沿蒸汽腔(3)的轴向将蒸汽腔(3)分为蒸发段(7)、绝热段(6)和冷凝段(5)，中间是绝热段(6)，两端分别是蒸发段(7)、冷凝段(5)，其特征是:管壳(I)的内壁上紧贴有由孔径大小不一的多孔泡沫铜吸液芯组成的圆筒形的毛细吸液芯层(2)，毛细吸液芯层(2)的内壁上紧贴丝网支撑架(8)，蒸汽腔(3)内充有金属氧化物水基纳米流体工质(4)，纳米流体工质(4)的体积为蒸发段(7)的体积的40%-60%，金属氧化物是氧化铝、氧化铜或二氧化硅。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种热管，其特征是:毛细吸液芯层(2)的壁厚为0.2〜1.0mm,孔隙率为50%〜80%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种热管，其特征是:蒸发段(7)和冷凝段(5)的结构相同。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种热管，其特征是:管壳(I)是圆筒结构，丝网支撑架(8)是圆柱形，孔密度为20目。
5.一种如权利要求1所述热管的制作方法，其特征是按以下步骤: 1)切割好孔径大小不一的多孔泡沫铜吸液芯，将切割好的吸液芯卷制成外径与管壳(O的内径大小相当的圆筒形，得到毛细吸液芯层(2)； 2)将卷制好的毛细吸液芯层(2)整体推进管壳(I)内部，与管壳(I)内壁贴合，在毛细吸液芯层(2)的内部插入丝网支撑架(8)，使丝网支撑架(8)紧贴在毛细吸液芯层(2)内壁上； 3)根据所充纳米流体工质(4)的体积计算出金属氧化物纳米材料的用量，将金属氧化物纳米材料溶入基液中，使基液中的金属氧化物质量浓度为0.5%，得到金属氧化物水基； 4)先用磁力搅拌器搅拌金属氧化物水基，再用超声震荡仪连续震荡得到稳定的悬浮液，即纳米流体工质(4)； 5)将体积占蒸发段(7)体积40%-60%的纳米流体工质(4)充在蒸汽腔(3)内腔中；对蒸汽腔(3)两端进行封口。
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