CN103990758B - 一种10Cr9Mo1VNb钢锻件制造工艺 - Google Patents
一种10Cr9Mo1VNb钢锻件制造工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103990758B CN103990758B CN201410222620.XA CN201410222620A CN103990758B CN 103990758 B CN103990758 B CN 103990758B CN 201410222620 A CN201410222620 A CN 201410222620A CN 103990758 B CN103990758 B CN 103990758B
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- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical class data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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Abstract
本发明提供了一种10Cr9Mo1VNb钢锻件制造工艺，较好地降低锻件的内应力，有效地避免了锻件开裂报废，而且还能很好地细化晶粒，从面保证了最终的产品质量，降低了退火时间，提高了生产效率，其特征在于：其包括以下步骤：（1）、对10Cr9Mo1VNb钢锻件进行加热处理，其加热温度为850-1250℃；（2）、对加热后的10Cr9Mo1VNb钢锻件进行锻造；（3）、对锻造后的10Cr9Mo1VNb钢锻件进行第一次正火加回火；（4）、对第一次正火加回火后的10Cr9Mo1VNb钢锻件进行第二次正火加回火。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及机械零件锻造工艺的技术领域，具体为一种10Cr9MolVNb钢锻件制造 工艺。
背景技术
[0002] F91钢材料为美国标准材料，是由美国橡树岭国家试验室ORNL (Oak Ridge National Laboraty)七十年代开始研究开发，并于1983年列入ASME，为SA213-T91，主要 是为了填补珠光体耐热钢和奥氏体不锈钢之间600-650°C温度区域使用的新汽水管道用钢 的空白。F91钢由于其出色的常温性能和650°C以下的优良的持久和蠕变性能以及低的线 膨胀系数、良好的工艺性，成本也较低（合金量9. 5~11. 5%)，长期运行下有优异的组织 稳定性，使它得以一枝独秀地得到迅速推广与发展。在我国，引进后改名为10Cr9MolVNb， 九十年代初开始了 10Cr9MolVNb的管道试验，并在1995年列入国家标准，九十年代末被逐 渐推广应用于锻乳合金钢管、法兰，锻制管件、阀门和其它部件等管道枢纽锻件，以及需用 在620°C以下场合的耐热性要求较高的工业构件上。随着我国电力工业的发展及电力结构 的调整，采用超临界机组是中国电力工业发展的总趋势，600MW级火电机组已经成为我国火 电的发展方向并即将成为电网的主力机组，尤其是超临界参数机组，由于其更低的运行成 本和高效益，使得此类型的机组在现在的电力市场中更具有竞争性。由于10Cr9MolVNb耐 热钢材料适用于高温高压产品，因而逐渐被设计和制造厂运用于汽轮机行业。该材料是一 种常见的马氏体耐热钢种，因其具有既耐高温又耐高压的两大特性，是目前亚临界及超临 界发电机组的重要组件。但同时，该材料也具有锻造区间窄、抗变形能力强、易开裂、晶粒易 粗化等特性，锻件产品生产过程控制难度较大，经常会出现开裂造成报废。它的质量好坏以 及能否能顺利生产，影响机组的正常运行。
[0003] 我国贫油少气多煤的一次能源结构决定了火力发电量在很长的一段时期内仍将 占据我国发电的很大比例。然而，能源紧缺、资源短缺和环境污染严重等问题的凸现注定了 我国电力工业将朝节约资源和环境保护的方向发展。超临界、超超临界火电技术具有高效、 节能、洁净和环保的显著特点，各国都开始竞相发展该项技术。
[0004] 随着超临界、超超临界火电机组的发展对与其相应配套的高压锅炉的主要材料选 择应用提出了更高的技术条件和要求。10Cr9MolVNb为马氏体耐热不锈钢，因其具有高的 抗氧化性能和抗高温蒸汽腐蚀性，良好的冲击韧性和持久塑性等性能特点，较理想地适用 于300MW及600MW火电机组的亚临界自然循环高压锅炉的高温过热器和再热器用管，符合 超临界、超超临界对10Cr9MolVNb钢应具备热强度高、抗高温烟气氧化腐蚀、抗高温汽水介 质腐蚀、可焊性和工艺性良好的要求。该钢种是铁素体钢，不存在异类钢焊接难点和焊接接 头过早失效的倾向。在600~625°C范围内可替代G102钢和部分19Cr-9Ni的TP304H钢， 适应性强、用途广泛，需求量逐年增加，成为超临界机组的首选材料。但是，该钢种因具有 锻造区间窄、抗变形能力强、易开裂、晶粒易粗化等特性，在生产过程中易出现夹杂物超标， 表面裂纹等缺陷。
[0005] 10Cr9MolVNb钢的管接锻件传统的制造工艺是加热到850~1200°C进行锻造成 形+退火+加工+性能热处理。该种制造工艺由于锻造温度相对较低，锻件的内应力较大， 在锻后退火时如果不能充分去除应力会造成应力过大而使锻件开裂报废。退火工序对该材 料来说不能很好地细化晶粒，从面影响最终的产品质量，且退火时间较长，从而影响生产效 率。
发明内容
[0006] 针对上述问题，本发明提供了一种10Cr9MolVNb钢锻件制造工艺，较好地降低锻 件的内应力有效地避免了锻件开裂报废，而且还能很好地细化晶粒，从而保证了最终的产 品质量，降低了退火时间，提高了生产效率。
[0007] 其技术方案是这样的：一种10Cr9MolVNb钢锻件制造工艺，其特征在于：其包括以 下步骤：
[0008] (1)、对10Cr9MolVNb钢锻件进行加热处理，其加热温度为850-1250°C ;
[0009] (2)、对加热后的10091〇1¥他钢锻件进行锻造；
[0010] (3)、对锻造后的10091〇1¥他钢锻件进行第一次正火加回火；
[0011] (4)、对第一次正火加回火后的10Cr9MolVNb钢锻件进行第二次正火加回火。
[0012] 其进一步特征在于：所述10Cr9MolVNb钢锻件制造工艺还包括如下步骤：对第二 次正火加回火后的10Cr9MolVNb钢锻件进行加工和性能热处理；所述性能热处理包括退火 或者淬火回火；
[0013] (1)、加热温度和时间：1250°C X6~8小时：
[0014] (2)、第一次正火温度和时间：920°C X9小时，第一次回火温度和时间：680°C X18 小时：
[0015] (3)、第二次正火温度和时间：1030 °C X9小时，第二次回火温度和时间： 680°C X18 小时；
[0016] 正火时间按1. 5~2小时每100mm，回火时间按2. 5~3小时每100mm。
[0017] 本发明的上述结构中，由于把10Cr9Mo lVNb钢锻件的加热温度提高到850~ 1250Γ，使得材料的变形抗力降低便于锻造成形且降低了锻造应力，从而降低了开裂倾向； 再就是把锻件的锻后退火调整为两次正火十回火，采用两次正火十回火可以更好的细化晶 粒，为后续的性能热处理做好准备，从而提升了产品质量，同时可以充分地去除应力避免锻 件开裂。
具体实施方式
[0018] -种10Cr9MolVNb钢锻件制造工艺，其包括以下步骤：
[0019] (1)、对10Cr9MolVNb钢锻件进行加热处理，其加热温度为850-1250°C ;
[0020] (2)、对加热后的10091〇1¥他钢锻件进行锻造；
[0021] (3)、对锻造后的10091〇1¥他钢锻件进行第一次正火加回火；
[0022] (4)、对第一次正火加回火后的10Cr9MolVNb钢锻件进行第二次正火加回火。
[0023] 10Cr9MolVNb马氏体耐热不锈钢，属于耐高温高压的合金结构钢。改进后的加工工 艺：锻件的制造工艺流程为：锻前加热一锻造一正火+回火一正火+回火一机械加工一性 能热处理，完成整个10Cr9MolVNb钢锻件加工过程，后续的机械加工一性能热处理属于现 有的加工技术，其中性能热处理包括退火或者淬火回火。
[0024] 锻造加热温度的调整：
[0025] 锻造加热温度从原来的850~1200°C调整到850~1250°C。其技术创新之处在 于，相对提高锻造温度，充分去除应力，防止锻件开裂报废。
[0026] 热处理方式的调整：
[0027] 把热处理方式从原来的一次退火改变为两次正火+回火。其技术创新之处在于， 细化内部晶粒，避免锻件开裂，缩短生产时间，提高工作效率。
[0028] 为深入地研究10Cr9MolVNb钢的新型锻造工艺和热处理工艺，分析了原锻造工艺 和热处理工艺存在的问题，把生产具有耐高温、耐高压，以及良好的抗氧化性能和抗高温蒸 汽腐蚀性能，良好的冲击韧性和稳定的持久塑性及热强性能的锻件，作为达标目的。调质处 理后，能够克服抗变形能力强、易开裂、晶粒易粗化等不良特性。通过分析，我们一方面把锻 造加热温度从原来的850~1200°C调整到850~1250°C。原来的锻造成形+退火+加工 +性能热处理的制造工艺由于锻造温度相对较低，锻件的内应力较大，在锻后退火时如果不 能充分去除应力会造成应力过大而使锻件开裂报废。退火工序对该材料来说不能很好地细 化晶粒，从面影响最终的产品质量，且退火时间较长，从而影响生产效率。把加热温度提高 到850~1250Γ，使得材料的变形抗力降低便于锻造成形且降低了锻造应力，从而达到了 降低开裂倾向的预期目标。另一方面，就是把热处理方式从原来的一次退火改变为两次正 火+回火。采用两次正火+回火，达到的预期目标：一是可以更好的细化晶粒，为后续的性 能热处理做好准备，从而提升了产品质量；二是可以充分地去除应力避免锻件开裂；三是 更便于配炉，尤其是对于两炉连续生产的企业更加适用。
[0029] 总之，通过提高锻造温度和锻后两次正火+回火，大大改善了 10Cr9MolVNb钢锻件 的制造难度，降低了产品的开裂报废现象，且很好地细化了晶粒，提升了产品质量，为该类 材质锻件的生产提供了很好的保障。
[0030] 经过几轮的试制，确定了其最佳电炉冶炼、电渣重熔、锻造、热处理工艺，可以生产 出优质的锻件满足用户的需要。
[0031] 实施例：
[0032] 10Cr9MolVNb钢锻件制造工艺：
[0033] (1)、加热温度和时间：1250°C X6~8小时；
[0034] (2)、第一次正火温度和时间：920°C X9小时，第一次回火加温度和时间： 680°C X18 小时；
[0035] (3)、第二次正火温度和时间：1030 °C X9小时，第二次回火温度和时间： 680°C X18 小时；
[0036] 正火时间按1. 5~2小时每100mm，回火时间按2. 5~3小时每100mm。
[0037] (一）10Cr9MolVNb 钢的化学成分：
[0039](二）10Cr9MolVNb钢锻件的力学性能：
[0040] (1)抗拉强度σ 〇· 2 (MPa):淬火回火彡885 ;
[0041] (2)条件屈服强度〇 s (MPa):淬火回火彡735 ;
[0042] (3)伸长率δ 5 (% ):淬火回火彡10 ;
[0043] (4)断面收缩率Φ (% ):淬火回火彡25 ;
[0044] (5)硬度：退火彡269ΗΒ，淬火回火彡314ΗΒ。
[0045] (三）10Cr9MolVNb钢锻件的综合质量要求：
[0046] (1)锻件经外观检查，应无肉眼可见的裂纹、夹层、折叠、夹渣等有害缺陷；
[0047] (2)锻件形状、尺寸和表面质量应满足订货图样的要求；
[0048] (3 )锻件保证内部组织不存在白点；
[0049] (4)锻件的超声检测质量等级按NB/T47008-2010的标准。
[0050] 我国"十二五"能源发展面临的生存环境与以往相比发生了很大变化。目前我国 资源条件与国际竞争环境已不允许我国继续重复增加能源与资源投入带动经济增长的旧 模式，必须转向依靠提高能源与资源利用率实现经济增长的发展模式。优化发展超临界、超 超临界火力发电技术，无论是对优化煤电结构，还是提升电站装备制造水平，都具有重要意 义。
[0051] 火电设备的竞争发展，大大促进了锻造行业的发展和提高，同时也大大促进了火 电设备用锻件的加工工艺的改进研究。致使得到优化改良的火电设备用锻件以其优异的抗 氧化性能和抗高温蒸汽腐蚀性，良好的冲击韧性和持久塑性等的特性，在火力发电机中得 到越来越广泛的应用。10Cr9MolVNb钢锻件制造工艺的改进研究是火力发电机组赖以发展 的基础，推动了火力发电机组的进一步提高和发展，对提升锻件的质量有着十分重要的意 义。
Claims (3)
1. 一种10Cr9MolVNb钢锻件制造工艺，其特征在于：其包括以下步骤： (1) 、对10Cr9Mo IVNb钢锻件进行加热处理，其加热温度为850-1250 °C，加热时间： 6~8小时； (2) 、对加热后的10Cr9MolVNb钢锻件进行锻造； (3) 、对锻造后的10Cr9MolVNb钢锻件进行第一次正火加回火，第一次正火温度和时 间：9201€\9小时，第一次回火温度和时间 ：6801€\18小时； (4) 、对第一次正火加回火后的10Cr9MolVNb钢锻件进行第二次正火加回火，第二次正 火温度和时间：10301€\9小时，第二次回火温度和时间 ：6801€\18小时。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种10Cr9MolVNb钢锻件制造工艺，其特征在于：其还包括 如下步骤：对第二次正火加回火后的10Cr9MolVNb钢锻件进行加工和性能热处理。
3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种10Cr9MolVNb钢锻件制造工艺，其特征在于：所述性能 热处理包括退火或者淬火回火。
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