CN103988892B - 一种猕猴桃鲜果保鲜方法 - Google Patents
一种猕猴桃鲜果保鲜方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103988892B CN103988892B CN201410271898.6A CN201410271898A CN103988892B CN 103988892 B CN103988892 B CN 103988892B CN 201410271898 A CN201410271898 A CN 201410271898A CN 103988892 B CN103988892 B CN 103988892B
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O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004320 controlled atmosphere Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004068 intracellular signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种高效、低成本猕猴桃的保鲜方法，具体地讲，是涉及一种使用微孔保鲜膜、1-甲基环丙烯与低温贮藏技术联合使用的猕猴桃保鲜方法。属农业食品科学技术领域，本发明针对猕猴桃贮藏过程中易软化、腐烂的特性，通过自发气调包装、采后生理调节、控制致病菌和低温贮藏的方法达到保鲜目的。将猕猴桃鲜果分选、装入微孔保鲜袋、1-甲基环丙烯熏蒸、保鲜烟剂熏蒸、预冷，扎袋，在0±1℃、湿度≥80%的保鲜库内贮藏。90天后每30天使用保鲜烟剂熏蒸一次，猕猴桃可有效贮藏180天，硬度≥4kg/m2，可食率≥90%。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本专利涉及农业食品科学技术领域，具体地说是一种使用自发气调包装、采后生理调节、控制致病菌和低温贮藏的猕猴桃鲜果保鲜方法。
技术背景
[0002] 高效果蔬贮藏保鲜技术对保证果蔬旺季不烂、淡季不断、扩大销售半径，提高经济效益，实现“丰产丰收”的关键。近年来，随着生活水平的提高，人们对食品的品质要求越来越高。因此，低成本、高效的果蔬鲜品保鲜技术极具市场前景。
[0003]自发气调包装技术以其独特的能够调节贮藏环境中气体浓度和相对湿度特性得到了迅速发展，是目前使用最为广泛、经济和满足食品安全要求的保鲜贮藏包装方式之一。微孔保鲜膜是一种高透气性新型气调保鲜薄膜，上有许多微小的气孔，孔径约0.01〜10μπι。由于微孔保鲜膜具有很高的透气性，因而在呼吸强度大、对乙烯或二氧化碳敏感的果蔬气调保鲜方面显示出独特的保鲜效果。
[0004] 1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)，是一种新型的乙烯受体抑制剂，通过阻止乙烯受体复合物的形成，阻断乙烯所诱导的信号传导，很好地延缓成熟、衰老，很好地保持产品的硬度、脆度，保持颜色、风味、香味和营养成分，能有效地保持植物的抗病性，减轻微生物引起的腐烂和减轻生理病害，并可减少水分蒸发、防止萎蔫。2002年7月20日美国政府环境署允许其在苹果商业贮运中应用，应用后检测不到残留。目前美国政府环境署已免除了 1-MCP的应用限制。截至目前，有欧盟、新西兰、澳大利亚、美国、加拿大、英国、智利、阿根廷、巴西、危地马拉、尼加拉瓜、哥斯达黎加、中国、南非、以色列、墨西哥、瑞士、土耳其等超过二十七个国家和地区已批准使用。
[0005]目前已见报道的猕猴桃保鲜专利、文献中多以聚乙烯膜与1-MCP联合使用。2010年，国家农产品保鲜工程技术研究中心董成虎等使用果蔬保鲜烟雾剂熏蒸与微孔保鲜膜联合使用的方式，将秦美猕猴桃保鲜72天。而通过1-MCP、果蔬保鲜烟雾剂与微孔保鲜膜联合在猕猴桃鲜果保鲜方面未见报道。
发明内容
[0006] 本发明目的在于:一种使用自发气调包装、采后生理调节、控制致病菌和低温贮藏的保鲜方法，达到猕猴桃高效保鲜的效果。
[0007] 本发明一种猕猴桃鲜果保鲜方法，包括常用的聚乙烯保鲜膜自发气调包装袋保鲜法、冷藏保鲜法、1-MCP乙烯抑制剂保鲜法和杀菌保鲜法，其特征在于将四种保鲜法结合用于猕猴桃的保鲜，具体操作如下:
[0008] (I)采新鲜的猕猴桃，剔除机械伤及病虫害果实，硬度为14.31kg/cm2，装入内衬有微孔聚乙烯保鲜袋周转箱内，然后将周转箱放入熏蒸室内，周转箱中微孔聚乙烯保鲜袋敞P ；
[0009] (2)在放有周转箱的熏蒸室中，按每10kg猕猴桃加0.07〜0.14g 1-MCP，在15〜20°C密闭熏蒸4h ;
[0010] (3)将周转箱转至另一熏蒸室，用果蔬保鲜烟剂噻苯咪唑杀菌处理2h，每3斤猕猴桃用噻苯咪唑0.02mg ；
[0011] (4)在10±1°C、湿度不低于85%条件下预冷24h ；
[0012] (5)扎紧保鲜袋口，在O± I°C、湿度不低于85%条件下贮藏；
[0013] (6)90天后每30天取出，将保鲜袋口打开，按步骤(3)、(4)、(5)重复。
[0014] 本发明所指的保鲜袋微孔聚乙烯保鲜袋，厚度为0.18mm〜0.40mm，孔径0.01〜
10 μπι的聚乙烯材质保鲜袋；所指的保鲜烟剂为噻苯咪唑；本方法贮藏的猕猴桃批量保鲜可达180天，贮藏180后Vc损失率彡20%，腐烂率彡10%，果实硬度彡4.0 kg/cm2。
[0015] 发明效果:(I)保鲜时间180天，是目前猕猴桃保鲜时间最长的；(2)1_MCP用量少、浓度低、安全无毒无害；(3)是一种高效、便捷、经济的猕猴桃保鲜方法。
具体实施方式
[0016] 实施例一(微孔保鲜袋厚度为0.18mm)
[0017] 通过分选，选择无伤“贵长”猕猴桃鲜果(贵州省修文县)200kg，平均硬度为14.31kg/cm2,装入内衬有微孔保鲜袋的果蔬周转箱，20kg/箱，送入熏蒸室，按每10kg猕猴桃加0.07g 1-甲基环丙烯，在15〜20°C条件下密闭熏蒸4h，然后使用果蔬保鲜烟剂噻苯咪唑进行杀菌处理2h，每公斤猕猴桃用噻苯咪唑0.02mg ;在湿度彡85%、0±1°C预冷24h后扎袋，随后在湿度多85%、0土TC贮藏。90天后，每30天使用果蔬保鲜烟剂熏蒸一次，按上述步骤(3)、(4)、(5)进行。至180天，鲜果腐烂率为7%，Vc损失率为13%，果实平均硬度为4.6kg/cm2。
[0018] 效果对比:使用0.18mm的聚乙烯保鲜膜按上述条件贮藏，180天时，鲜果腐烂率达21%，果实平均硬度为3.0 kg/cm2。
[0019] 实施例二 (微孔保鲜袋厚度为0.40mm)
[0020] 通过分选，选择无伤“贵长”猕猴桃鲜果(贵州省修文县)20kg，平均硬度为14.31kg/cm2,装入内衬有微孔保鲜袋的果蔬周转箱，20kg/箱，送入熏蒸室，按每10kg猕猴桃加0.17g 1-甲基环丙烯，在15〜20°C条件下密闭熏蒸4h，然后使用果蔬保鲜烟剂噻苯咪唑进行杀菌处理2h，每公斤猕猴桃用噻苯咪唑0.02mg ;在湿度彡85%、0±1°C预冷24h后扎袋，随后在湿度彡85%、O ± I °C贮藏。90天后，每30天取出，不开袋，按步骤(3 )、( 4 )、( 5 )使用果蔬保鲜烟剂熏蒸一次。至180天，鲜果腐烂率为9%，Vc损失率为17%，果实平均硬度为4.2kg/cm2。
[0021] 效果对比:
[0022] 效果对比:使用0.40mm的聚乙烯保鲜膜按上述条件贮藏，180天时，鲜果腐烂率达37%，果实平均硬度为3.2 kg/cm2,出现严重CO2伤害。
Claims (2)
1.一种猕猴桃鲜果保鲜方法，包括常用的聚乙烯保鲜膜自发气调包装袋保鲜法、冷藏保鲜法、1-MCP乙烯抑制剂保鲜法和杀菌保鲜法，其特征在于将四种保鲜法结合用于猕猴桃的保鲜，猕猴桃批量保鲜可达180天，贮藏180后Vc损失率< 20%，腐烂率< 10%，果实硬度彡4.0 kg/cm2，具体操作如下: (1)采新鲜的猕猴桃，剔除机械伤及病虫害果实，硬度为14.31kg/cm3，装入内衬有微孔聚乙烯保鲜袋周转箱内，然后将周转箱放入熏蒸室内，周转箱中微孔聚乙烯保鲜袋敞口 ； (2)在放有周转箱的熏蒸室中，按每10kg猕猴桃加0.07〜0.14g 1-MCP，在15〜20°C密闭熏蒸4h ； (3)将周转箱转至另一熏蒸室，用果蔬保鲜烟剂噻苯咪唑杀菌处理2h，每公斤猕猴桃用噻苯咪唑0.02mg ； (4)在10±1°C、湿度不低于85%条件下预冷24h ; (5 )扎紧保鲜袋口，在O ± 1°C、湿度不低于85%条件下贮藏； (6) 90天后每30天取出，将保鲜袋口打开，按步骤(3)、(4)、(5)重复。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种猕猴桃保鲜方法，其特征是所指的保鲜袋微孔聚乙烯保鲜袋，厚度为0.18mm〜0.40mm，孔径0.01〜10 μ m的聚乙稀材质保鲜袋。
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