CN103983479A - Drawer type portable slope runoff sampler and sampling method thereof - Google Patents
Drawer type portable slope runoff sampler and sampling method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
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- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种抽屉式便携坡面径流采样器及其采样方法，该采样器由蓄水装置和采集装置组成，所述蓄水装置包括水槽和搅拌器，所述水槽进水口安装有流量传感器；所述采集装置包括箱座和箱盖，所述箱盖内的电动丝杆导轨上安装有滑动配合的分配管阀门组，所述箱座内设有内置多排采样瓶的抽屉，所述分配管阀门组的一排注水管口对准抽屉内的任一排采样瓶口；所述水槽经导管连接至蠕动泵，所述蠕动泵经导管连接至分配管阀门组，所述流量传感器、搅拌器的搅拌电机、电动丝杆导轨的驱动电机、分配管阀门组以及蠕动泵的驱动电机均电性连接至控制装置。本发明达到节省人力、采集方便、实时监测的效果，保证水样采集的可靠性和准确性，便于正确判断水质状况。
The invention relates to a drawer-type portable slope runoff sampler and a sampling method thereof. The sampler is composed of a water storage device and a collection device. The water storage device includes a water tank and an agitator, and a flow sensor is installed at the water inlet of the water tank. The collection device includes a box seat and a box cover, and a slidingly fitted distribution pipe valve group is installed on the electric screw guide rail in the box cover, and the box seat is provided with a drawer with built-in rows of sampling bottles. A row of water injection nozzles of the distribution pipe valve group is aligned with any row of sampling bottle ports in the drawer; the water tank is connected to a peristaltic pump through a conduit, and the peristaltic pump is connected to the distribution pipe valve group through a conduit. The flow sensor, The stirring motor of the stirrer, the driving motor of the electric screw guide rail, the distribution pipe valve group and the driving motor of the peristaltic pump are all electrically connected to the control device. The invention achieves the effects of manpower saving, convenient collection and real-time monitoring, ensures the reliability and accuracy of water sample collection, and is convenient for correctly judging the water quality status.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种抽屉式便携坡面径流采样器及其采样方法，属于坡面径流采样技术领域。 The invention relates to a drawer-type portable slope runoff sampler and a sampling method thereof, belonging to the technical field of slope runoff sampling.
背景技术 Background technique
目前，中国大多数地区对于坡面径流的采样主要采取手动的人工采样，工作条件较差，效率低下，并且误差较大，不能实现实时记录坡面径流的水量大小、速度快慢等信息。虽然目前国内外某些公司已经推出了部分水质采样器，但现有水质采样器不能满足坡面径流的采样要求，并且普遍存在笨重不易携带、制造成本高、采样模式单一和采样瓶内置而不方便提取与放置等缺点。大部分采样器采用蠕动泵连接旋转头进行给水，它们存在一些密封性问题和腐蚀性问题。另外，现有采集器只有采集部分，功能单一，不适合智能采样。 At present, most areas in China mainly use manual sampling for slope runoff sampling, which has poor working conditions, low efficiency, and large errors. It is impossible to record the water volume and speed of slope runoff in real time. Although some companies at home and abroad have launched some water quality samplers, the existing water quality samplers cannot meet the sampling requirements of slope runoff, and are generally heavy and difficult to carry, high manufacturing costs, single sampling mode, and built-in sampling bottles. Convenient extraction and placement and other disadvantages. Most of the samplers use a peristaltic pump connected to the rotary head for water supply, and they have some tightness and corrosion problems. In addition, the existing collector only has a collection part, which has a single function and is not suitable for intelligent sampling.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
为了克服现有水质采样器的弊端，本发明的目的在于提供一种方便携带、全自动、采样模式可根据实际流量大小自动调整的抽屉式便携坡面径流采样器及其采样方法，以达到节省人力、采集方便、实时监测的效果，保证水样采集的可靠性和准确性，便于正确判断水质状况。 In order to overcome the drawbacks of existing water quality samplers, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a drawer-type portable slope runoff sampler and its sampling method that are convenient to carry, fully automatic, and whose sampling mode can be automatically adjusted according to the actual flow size, so as to save Manpower, convenient collection, and real-time monitoring effects ensure the reliability and accuracy of water sample collection and facilitate correct judgment of water quality.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案一是：一种抽屉式便携坡面径流采样器，由蓄水装置和采集装置组成，所述蓄水装置包括安装在支撑框架上的水槽和安装在水槽内的搅拌器，所述支撑框架上还安装有驱动水槽旋转倾倒的倾倒电机，所述水槽的进水口安装有流量传感器，所述水槽内还安装有水位传感器；所述采集装置包括箱座和位于箱座正上方的箱盖，所述箱盖内安装有电动丝杆导轨，所述电动丝杆导轨上安装有垂直交叉且滑动配合的分配管阀门组，所述箱座内设有内置多排采样瓶的抽屉，所述分配管阀门组的一排注水管口对准抽屉内的任一排采样瓶口；所述水槽的出水口经外置输水导管连接至蠕动泵的进口，所述蠕动泵的出口经内置输水导管连接至分配管阀门组的进口，所述流量传感器、水位传感器、倾倒电机、搅拌器的搅拌电机、电动丝杆导轨的驱动电机、分配管阀门组的电磁阀以及蠕动泵的驱动电机均电性连接至控制装置。 In order to achieve the above object, the first technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a drawer-type portable slope runoff sampler, which is composed of a water storage device and a collection device. The water storage device includes a water tank installed on a support frame and a The agitator in the tank, the support frame is also equipped with a dumping motor that drives the tank to rotate and dump, the water inlet of the tank is equipped with a flow sensor, and a water level sensor is also installed in the tank; the collection device includes a box seat And the box cover located directly above the box seat, the electric screw guide rail is installed in the box cover, and the distribution pipe valve group that vertically intersects and slides is installed on the electric screw guide rail, and the box seat is equipped with a built-in A drawer of multiple rows of sampling bottles, a row of water injection nozzles of the distribution pipe valve group is aligned with any row of sampling bottle ports in the drawer; the water outlet of the water tank is connected to the inlet of the peristaltic pump through an external water delivery conduit, The outlet of the peristaltic pump is connected to the inlet of the distribution pipe valve group through the built-in water delivery conduit, the flow sensor, the water level sensor, the pouring motor, the stirring motor of the stirrer, the drive motor of the electric screw guide rail, the valve group of the distribution pipe Both the solenoid valve and the driving motor of the peristaltic pump are electrically connected to the control device.
进一步的，所述倾倒电机、搅拌电机以及蠕动泵的驱动电机均配有由控制装置控制通断的动力源，所述动力源为电池或外接电源。 Further, the pouring motor, the stirring motor and the driving motor of the peristaltic pump are all equipped with a power source controlled on and off by a control device, and the power source is a battery or an external power supply.
进一步的，所述控制装置是设置于控制箱内的单片机，所述控制箱设置于箱盖内。 Further, the control device is a single-chip microcomputer arranged in the control box, and the control box is arranged in the box cover.
进一步的，所述控制装置电性连接有输入输出接口、存储记忆卡、无线通讯模块、开关调速模块、电源模块以及显示模块。 Further, the control device is electrically connected with an input and output interface, a storage memory card, a wireless communication module, a switch speed regulation module, a power supply module and a display module.
进一步的，所述蠕动泵安装在箱盖上。 Further, the peristaltic pump is installed on the case cover.
进一步的，所述箱盖与箱座上下可拆连接，所述支撑框架与箱座左右可拆连接。 Further, the box cover is detachably connected to the box base up and down, and the support frame is detachably connected to the box base left and right.
进一步的，所述箱座上设有位于抽屉上方的导流板，所述导流板上分布有多个分别通向相应采样瓶的漏斗孔。 Further, the box base is provided with a deflector above the drawer, and a plurality of funnel holes leading to corresponding sampling bottles are distributed on the deflector.
进一步的，所述箱座底侧设有万向轮，所述箱座前侧设有抽拉杆。 Further, universal wheels are provided on the bottom side of the box seat, and a pull rod is provided on the front side of the box seat.
进一步的，所述抽屉前后侧均设置有把手。 Further, handles are provided on the front and rear sides of the drawer.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案二是：一种坡面径流采样方法，采用如上所述的抽屉式便携坡面径流采样器，并按以下步骤进行： In order to achieve the above object, the second technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a slope runoff sampling method, which adopts the drawer-type portable slope runoff sampler as described above, and proceeds according to the following steps:
（1）当坡面上的雨水流下来后，用一根引流导管引入水槽中，流量传感器检测出雨水流量，并发送流量信号给控制装置； (1) When the rainwater on the slope flows down, a drainage conduit is used to introduce it into the water tank, and the flow sensor detects the flow of rainwater and sends a flow signal to the control device;
（2）当雨水进入水槽后，控制装置启动搅拌器，搅拌电机驱动叶轮，使得含有泥沙的雨水得到均匀搅拌，为后续蠕动泵抽取分布均匀的雨水做准备； (2) When the rainwater enters the tank, the control device starts the agitator, and the stirring motor drives the impeller, so that the rainwater containing sediment is evenly stirred, and prepares for the follow-up peristaltic pump to pump evenly distributed rainwater;
（3）当水槽中的水达到设定量时，控制装置启动蠕动泵，蠕动泵通过外置输水导管吸取水槽中的水，通过内置输水导管把采集来的水送入分配管阀门组，吸到装满一个采样瓶的水量后就停止吸水，启动倾倒电机，把剩余的雨水倒掉，避免剩余雨水影响下一个采样瓶的采样精度； (3) When the water in the water tank reaches the set amount, the control device starts the peristaltic pump, and the peristaltic pump absorbs the water in the tank through the external water delivery conduit, and sends the collected water into the distribution pipe valve group through the built-in water delivery conduit , Stop absorbing water after absorbing the water volume of one sampling bottle, start the dumping motor, and pour out the remaining rainwater, so as to avoid the remaining rainwater from affecting the sampling accuracy of the next sampling bottle;
（4）控制装置通过电动丝杆导轨将分配管阀门组移动到第一排采样瓶口的上方，等待注水；控制装置依次一个一个地开启分配管阀门组的电磁阀，对各个采样瓶依次进行注水；待上一排注水结束后，电动丝杆导轨将分配管阀门组移动到下一排采样瓶口的上方，再次进行注水；以此类推，直至抽屉的所有采样瓶采集完毕后，将抽屉抽拉出来，将采样瓶全部取出，换上空采样瓶，继续采样。 (4) The control device moves the valve group of the distribution pipe to the top of the first row of sampling bottle mouths through the electric screw guide rail, waiting for water injection; the control device opens the solenoid valves of the valve group of the distribution pipe one by one in turn, and carries out sequentially on each sampling bottle. Water injection; after the last row of water injection is completed, the electric screw guide rail will move the valve group of the distribution pipe to the top of the next row of sampling bottles, and then inject water again; and so on, until all the sampling bottles in the drawer are collected, the drawer Pull it out, take out all the sampling bottles, replace them with empty sampling bottles, and continue sampling.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下显著优点：该抽屉式便携坡面径流采样器通过流量传感器和水位传感器可实现雨水流量检测和水槽内水位检测的功能，通过搅拌器和倾倒电机可实现雨水中泥沙均匀分布和倾倒剩余积水的功能，通过由抽屉、箱座和箱盖组成的抽屉式便捷装置实现方便搬运、箱座分离便于采样瓶的取出与放置的功能，克服了人工采样的地域和时间限制，可移动到所需采样的地点进行全天候全自动采样，通用性强；并且达到节省人力、采集方便、获取水样方便、保证采集水样准确性的目的；整个设备结构紧凑，配合紧密，密封性好，有助于雨量检测和水土保持研究工作的进行。 Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: the drawer-type portable slope runoff sampler can realize the functions of rainwater flow detection and water level detection in the tank through the flow sensor and the water level sensor, and can realize the function of detecting the water level in the tank through the agitator and the dumping motor The function of evenly distributing the sediment in the rainwater and dumping the remaining accumulated water is realized through the drawer-type convenient device composed of the drawer, the box seat and the box cover to facilitate the handling, and the box seat is separated to facilitate the removal and placement of the sampling bottle, which overcomes manual sampling It can be moved to the required sampling location for all-weather automatic sampling, with strong versatility; and it can save manpower, collect conveniently, obtain water samples conveniently, and ensure the accuracy of water sample collection; the whole equipment has a compact structure , with tight fit and good sealing performance, it is helpful for rainfall detection and soil and water conservation research.
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步详细的说明。 The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例的主视示意图。 Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of an embodiment of the present invention.
图2为本发明实施例的立体示意图。 Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention.
图3为蓄水装置的结构示意图。 Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the water storage device.
图4为箱座组装后的结构示意图。 Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the box base after assembly.
图5为箱盖组装后的结构示意图。 Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the box cover after assembly.
图中：1-水槽，2-支撑框架，3-外置输水导管，4-蠕动泵，5-内置输水导管，6-箱盖，7-电动丝杆导轨，71-电动丝杆导轨的驱动电机，8-分配管阀门组，9-导流板，10-抽屉，101-把手，11-箱座，12-采样瓶，13-控制箱，14-叶轮。 In the figure: 1-water tank, 2-support frame, 3-external water delivery conduit, 4-peristaltic pump, 5-built-in water delivery conduit, 6-box cover, 7-electric screw guide rail, 71-electric screw guide rail drive motor, 8-distribution pipe valve group, 9-deflector, 10-drawer, 101-handle, 11-box seat, 12-sampling bottle, 13-control box, 14-impeller.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
如图1~5所示，一种抽屉式便携坡面径流采样器，由蓄水装置和采集装置组成，所述蓄水装置包括安装在支撑框架2上的水槽1和安装在水槽1内的搅拌器，所述支撑框架2上还安装有驱动水槽1旋转倾倒的倾倒电机，所述水槽1的进水口安装有流量传感器，所述水槽1内还安装有水位传感器；所述采集装置包括箱座11和位于箱座11正上方的箱盖6，所述箱盖6内安装有电动丝杆导轨7，所述电动丝杆导轨7上安装有垂直交叉且滑动配合的分配管阀门组8，所述箱座11内设有内置多排采样瓶12的抽屉10，所述分配管阀门组8的一排注水管口对准抽屉10内的任一排采样瓶12口；所述水槽1的出水口经外置输水导管3连接至蠕动泵4的进口，所述蠕动泵4的出口经内置输水导管5连接至分配管阀门组8的进口，所述流量传感器、水位传感器、倾倒电机、搅拌器的搅拌电机、电动丝杆导轨7的驱动电机71、分配管阀门组8的电磁阀以及蠕动泵4的驱动电机均电性连接至控制装置。 As shown in Figures 1 to 5, a drawer-type portable slope runoff sampler is composed of a water storage device and a collection device. The water storage device includes a water tank 1 installed on a support frame 2 and a Stirrer, described support frame 2 is also equipped with a dumping motor that drives water tank 1 to rotate and topple, the water inlet of described water tank 1 is equipped with a flow sensor, and a water level sensor is also installed in the described water tank 1; the collection device includes a box Seat 11 and box cover 6 located directly above box seat 11, said box cover 6 is equipped with electric screw guide rail 7, and said electric screw guide rail 7 is equipped with distribution pipe valve group 8 which is vertically intersected and slidingly fitted, Described box seat 11 is provided with the drawer 10 of built-in multi-row sampling bottle 12, and a row of water injection nozzle of described distributing pipe valve group 8 is aimed at any row of sampling bottle 12 mouths in drawer 10; The water outlet is connected to the inlet of the peristaltic pump 4 through the external water delivery conduit 3, and the outlet of the peristaltic pump 4 is connected to the inlet of the distribution pipe valve group 8 through the built-in water delivery conduit 5. The flow sensor, water level sensor, dumping motor , the stirring motor of the stirrer, the driving motor 71 of the electric screw guide rail 7, the solenoid valve of the distribution pipe valve group 8 and the driving motor of the peristaltic pump 4 are all electrically connected to the control device.
在本实施例中，为了防止生锈与腐蚀，所述支撑框架2采用不锈钢等材料制成。为了防止进水，所述蠕动泵4的驱动电机外部密封，所述蠕动泵4通过螺丝固定安装在箱盖6上，需要时可以拆卸。所述水槽1呈半圆柱形，所述搅拌器是由搅拌电机和叶轮14组成。以收集24瓶水为例，所述抽屉10内以4×6阵列方式放置24个采样瓶12，六排四列的长方形，可使设备结构紧凑，便于携带。所述分配管阀门组8由螺母、分配管和电磁阀组成，所述分配管上部通过螺母与电动丝杆导轨7的丝杆组成了滚珠丝杠螺母副，所述分配管下部具有一排四个开口朝向的注水管，各个注水管分别配有独立控制的电磁阀，由控制装置分别控制其开启与关断以实现对不同采样瓶12的水样采集；其由电动丝杆导轨7驱动前后移动，可以精确地将阀门口移动到所需采样的采样瓶12上方，所述电动丝杆导轨7由驱动电机71、丝杆和两根对称导轨组成。 In this embodiment, in order to prevent rust and corrosion, the support frame 2 is made of stainless steel and other materials. In order to prevent water ingress, the drive motor of the peristaltic pump 4 is sealed externally, and the peristaltic pump 4 is fixedly mounted on the case cover 6 by screws, and can be disassembled when necessary. The water tank 1 is semi-cylindrical, and the agitator is composed of a stirring motor and an impeller 14 . Taking the collection of 24 bottles of water as an example, 24 sampling bottles 12 are placed in a 4×6 array in the drawer 10, and are rectangular in six rows and four rows, which can make the device compact and easy to carry. The distribution pipe valve group 8 is composed of nuts, distribution pipes and electromagnetic valves. The upper part of the distribution pipe forms a ball screw nut pair through the nut and the screw rod of the electric screw guide rail 7. The lower part of the distribution pipe has a row of four Each water injection pipe is equipped with an independently controlled solenoid valve, which is controlled by the control device to open and close to realize the water sample collection of different sampling bottles 12; it is driven by the electric screw guide rail 7 before and after Moving, the valve port can be accurately moved to the top of the sampling bottle 12 that needs to be sampled. The electric screw guide rail 7 is composed of a driving motor 71, a screw rod and two symmetrical guide rails.
在本实施例中，所述倾倒电机、搅拌电机以及蠕动泵4的驱动电机均配有由控制装置控制通断的动力源，所述动力源为电池或外接电源，使用广泛，工作稳定，例如蓄电池等固定电池，蓄电池可在户外结合太阳能板使用。所述控制装置是设置于控制箱13内的单片机，当然还可以是PLC等控制器；所述单片机控制蠕动泵4以实现定时（或定量）采集，所述单片机在蠕动泵4抽水前控制电动丝杆导轨7将分配管阀门组8的各个注水管口精确送至相应的每个采样瓶12上方，然后开始抽水。所述控制箱13设置于箱盖6的中部，所述控制箱13用密封盖密封，内部可装有24V车载电池，并配有USB接口，用于接入其它可用的移动电源。 In this embodiment, the driving motor of the dumping motor, the stirring motor and the peristaltic pump 4 is equipped with a power source controlled by a control device, and the power source is a battery or an external power supply, which is widely used and stable in operation, such as Fixed batteries such as accumulators, accumulators can be used in combination with solar panels outdoors. The control device is a single-chip microcomputer arranged in the control box 13, and certainly can also be a controller such as PLC; The screw guide rail 7 accurately sends each water injection nozzle of the distribution pipe valve group 8 to the top of each corresponding sampling bottle 12, and then begins to draw water. Described control box 13 is arranged on the middle part of box cover 6, and described control box 13 is sealed with sealing cover, and 24V car battery can be housed inside, and is equipped with USB interface, is used for inserting other available mobile power sources.
在本实施例中，所述控制装置电性连接有输入输出接口、存储记忆卡、无线通讯模块、开关调速模块、电源模块以及显示模块，例如WiFi无线发射器、启停开关、调速旋钮、外接电源插头、显示屏、程序输入端口，可以实现采样速度调节、外接电源、内置电池电量显示、工作模式显示和工作模式程序的更改。通过控制箱13就能实现对整套设备的实时记录，同时也可以根据需要决定是否要利用WiFi技术实现无线传输，或利用存储记忆卡来记录数据，用于采样瓶12全部采集结束后取出分析数据。 In this embodiment, the control device is electrically connected with an input and output interface, a storage memory card, a wireless communication module, a switch speed control module, a power supply module and a display module, such as a WiFi wireless transmitter, a start-stop switch, a speed control knob , external power plug, display screen, and program input port, which can realize sampling speed adjustment, external power supply, built-in battery power display, working mode display and working mode program change. The real-time recording of the entire set of equipment can be realized through the control box 13, and at the same time, it can also be decided according to the needs whether to use WiFi technology to realize wireless transmission, or use the storage memory card to record data, and use it to take out the analysis data after all the sampling bottles 12 are collected .
在本实施例中，为了方便检查箱盖6中主要设备，所述箱盖6与箱座11上下可拆连接，二者可以分离；所述支撑框架2与箱座11左右可拆连接，例如用螺丝结合和固定，需要时可以拆分使用。为了便于整个装置的移动与携带，所述箱座11底侧可设有万向轮，所述箱座11前侧可设有抽拉杆。为了防止水流溅出，所述箱座11上设有位于抽屉10上方的导流板9，所述导流板9可以拆分，所述导流板9上分布有多个分别通向相应采样瓶12的漏斗孔，有利于水流的导入，所述漏斗孔的具体个数可以根据实际需要设定。为了方便搬运，所述抽屉10前后侧均设置有把手101，通过前侧的把手101可以将抽屉10抽拉至完全与箱座11分离，后侧的把手101内置在抽屉10内壁上，需要用时直接掰起来即可用，既便于采样瓶12的取出与放置，也方便抽屉10的搬运。 In this embodiment, in order to facilitate the inspection of the main equipment in the box cover 6, the box cover 6 is detachably connected with the box base 11 up and down, and the two can be separated; the support frame 2 is detachably connected with the box base 11 left and right, for example Combined and fixed with screws, it can be disassembled for use when needed. In order to facilitate the movement and portability of the whole device, universal wheels can be provided on the bottom side of the box base 11, and a pull rod can be provided on the front side of the box base 11. In order to prevent the water from splashing out, the box base 11 is provided with a deflector 9 above the drawer 10, the deflector 9 can be disassembled, and a plurality of deflectors are distributed on the deflector 9 leading to the corresponding sampling chambers respectively. The funnel hole of bottle 12 is conducive to the introduction of water flow, and the specific number of said funnel hole can be set according to actual needs. In order to facilitate handling, the front and rear sides of the drawer 10 are provided with handles 101, the drawer 10 can be pulled to be completely separated from the box base 11 through the handle 101 on the front side, and the handle 101 on the rear side is built into the inner wall of the drawer 10. It can be used directly by breaking it up, which is convenient for taking out and placing the sampling bottle 12, and is also convenient for the handling of the drawer 10.
如图1~5所示，一种坡面径流采样方法，采用如上所述的抽屉式便携坡面径流采样器，并按以下步骤进行： As shown in Figures 1 to 5, a slope runoff sampling method uses the above-mentioned drawer-type portable slope runoff sampler, and proceeds according to the following steps:
（1）当山体等坡面上的雨水流下来后，用一根引流导管把雨水引入水槽1中，雨水在流入水槽1前先经过流量传感器的检测，流量传感器检测出雨水流量，并发送流量信号给控制装置，为后续控制装置自动启动哪种采样模式做准备； (1) When the rainwater flows down on the slopes of the mountain, a drainage conduit is used to introduce the rainwater into the tank 1. Before the rainwater flows into the tank 1, it is detected by the flow sensor. The flow sensor detects the rainwater flow and sends the flow The signal is sent to the control device to prepare for which sampling mode is automatically started by the subsequent control device;
（2）当雨水进入水槽1后，控制装置启动搅拌器，搅拌电机驱动叶轮14，使得含有泥沙的雨水得到均匀搅拌，为后续蠕动泵4抽取分布均匀的雨水做准备； (2) When the rainwater enters the water tank 1, the control device starts the agitator, and the stirring motor drives the impeller 14, so that the rainwater containing sediment is evenly stirred, and prepares for the follow-up peristaltic pump 4 to extract evenly distributed rainwater;
（3）当水槽1中的水达到设定量（由水位传感器检测）时，控制装置启动蠕动泵4，蠕动泵4通过外置输水导管3吸取水槽1中的水，通过内置输水导管5把采集来的水送入分配管阀门组8，吸到装满一个采样瓶12的水量后就停止吸水，启动倾倒电机，把剩余的雨水倒掉，避免剩余雨水影响下一个采样瓶12的采样精度； (3) When the water in the water tank 1 reaches the set amount (detected by the water level sensor), the control device starts the peristaltic pump 4, and the peristaltic pump 4 sucks the water in the water tank 1 through the external water delivery conduit 3, and passes through the built-in water delivery conduit 5. Send the collected water into the distribution pipe valve group 8, stop absorbing water after sucking up to the water volume of a sampling bottle 12, start the dumping motor, pour out the remaining rainwater, and avoid the remaining rainwater from affecting the flow of the next sampling bottle 12 Sampling accuracy;
（4）控制装置通过电动丝杆导轨7将分配管阀门组8移动到第一排采样瓶12口的上方，等待注水；控制装置依次一个一个地开启分配管阀门组8的电磁阀，对各个采样瓶12依次进行注水；待上一排注水结束后，电动丝杆导轨7将分配管阀门组8移动到下一排采样瓶12口的上方，再次进行注水；以此类推，直至抽屉10的所有采样瓶12采集完毕后，可在不打开整个采样器的情况下将抽屉10抽拉出来，将采样瓶12全部取出，换上空采样瓶12，继续采样。 (4) The control device moves the valve group 8 of the distribution pipe to the top of the mouth of the first row of sampling bottles 12 through the electric screw guide rail 7, and waits for water injection; the control device opens the solenoid valves of the valve group 8 of the distribution pipe one by one. The sampling bottles 12 are filled with water in turn; after the last row of water injection is completed, the electric screw guide rail 7 moves the distribution pipe valve group 8 to the top of the next row of sampling bottles 12, and then injects water again; and so on until the drawer 10 After all the sampling bottles 12 have been collected, the drawer 10 can be pulled out without opening the whole sampler, the sampling bottles 12 are all taken out, and the empty sampling bottles 12 are replaced to continue sampling.
本发明可以实现智能自动选择采样模式，它利用流量传感器记录坡面径流的大小，自动选择哪种采样模式，例如按时采样、按流量采样等采样模式；可以确定收集方式，是一次收集完一瓶，还是分多次收集完一瓶。 The present invention can realize the intelligent automatic selection of the sampling mode, which uses the flow sensor to record the size of the runoff on the slope, and which sampling mode is automatically selected, such as sampling on time and sampling according to the flow rate; the collection mode can be determined, and one bottle is collected at a time , or collect a bottle several times.
另外，本发明的采集装置底部可传感器等检测设备，用于实时检测一些所需的相关数据，并且可以将所记录到的数据实时记录保存在内置的记忆卡里，同时还可以通过无线通讯模块实现实时无线传输。例如，可以在箱座11底部安装重力传感器，用于检测一瓶水样含有的质量，此质量可用于后面计算出此瓶水中含有的泥沙量，替代目前必须拿回实验室用天平等仪器来检测重量的步骤，方便了计算雨水中泥沙的含量。 In addition, the bottom of the collection device of the present invention can be equipped with sensors and other detection equipment for real-time detection of some required relevant data, and the recorded data can be recorded and stored in the built-in memory card in real time. Realize real-time wireless transmission. For example, a gravity sensor can be installed at the bottom of the box seat 11 to detect the quality contained in a bottle of water sample. This quality can be used to calculate the amount of silt contained in this bottle of water later, instead of instruments such as balances that must be taken back to the laboratory at present. The step of detecting the weight facilitates the calculation of the sediment content in the rainwater.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰，皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。 The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the scope of the patent application of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
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