CN103970940B - Distributed runoff producing device for generally simulating karst landform - Google Patents
Distributed runoff producing device for generally simulating karst landform Download PDFInfo
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- CN103970940B CN103970940B CN201410164240.5A CN201410164240A CN103970940B CN 103970940 B CN103970940 B CN 103970940B CN 201410164240 A CN201410164240 A CN 201410164240A CN 103970940 B CN103970940 B CN 103970940B
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- runoff
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Abstract
A distributed runoff producing device for generally simulating the karst landform is a hydraulic engineering simulation test device and comprises a bottom layer relief model and runoff producing units arranged on the bottom layer relief model, wherein the runoff producing units are spliced horizontally, and the bottoms of every two adjacent runoff producing units are communicated with each other through a U-shaped hose. Each runoff producing unit comprises a runoff producing barrel and percolation cloth built in the runoff producing barrel, wherein a convergence way is arranged on the top of the runoff producing barrel and connected to a surface runoff convergence groove, a convergence pipe is arranged at the bottom of the runoff producing barrel and connected to an underground runoff convergence groove, and the downstream portion of the surface runoff convergence groove and the downstream portion of the underground runoff convergence groove are connected with a measuring weir. The bottom layer relief model is manufactured according to the research area through equal proportion shrinkage, part of rainwater penetrates into the runoff producing barrels through the percolation cloth, rainwater in the runoff producing barrels enters the underground runoff convergence groove through the convergence pipes, rainwater left on the percolation cloth enters the surface runoff convergence groove through the convergence ways, the water-carrying capacity is measured through the measuring weir, and the test result is obtained through analysis and calculation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of generalization simulation karst features distributed runoff yield device, be specifically related to one and utilize diafiltration cloth mould
Intend runoff yield, be placed in the analog on bottom relief model, belong to model tests of hydraulic engineering field.
Background technology
Hydraulic engineering research is the natural important subject of human knowledge, and the Changing Pattern for natural water conservancy has
Important meaning.Watershed-scale distributed hydrological model is owing to can reflect the spatial distribution of weather and Factors of Underlying Surface more objectively
The impact that watershed rainfall runoff is formed, it is thus possible to the Basin Rainfall discharge series mechanism for the simulating reality world truly provides
Strong instrument, therefore, it has also become a hot issue of current international hydrological science research field.Up to now, in the world
More well-known hydrological distribution model can be divided mainly into following several type.Employed in model neutron basin or subregion
Analyze theory and method that rainfall runoff is formed, conceptual distributed model can be divided into and there is the distributed mould of physical basis
Type two class.Can be used for the SAC model having the U.S. of structure concept hydrological distribution model, the TANK model of Japan, China
Xinanjiang model etc.；Have the distributed model of physical basis can be further divided into again with principles of hydrodynamics for main foundation and
With hydrology principle for main foundation two types.The former representative is SHE model, and the latter can be using DBSIM model as representative.
In addition with some models, such as TOPMODEL model and TOPKAPI model, they be both different from conceptual hydrological distribution model
Structure, also different from the structure of the hydrological distribution model with physical basis, but a kind of half point with physical basis
Cloth hydrological model.The runoff formed by sub basin or subregion changes the method helping Watershed Runoff process, distributed model
Loose type and coupled mode two class can be divided into again.Mostly conceptual hydrological distribution model is loose type, and has physical basis
The most existing loose type of hydrological distribution model also have coupled mode.
Existing hydrological distribution model is mainly used in traditional non-karst watershed, how with the surface configuration in basin
As the basis of model framework, for the rarest research of karst watershed that the land surface condition such as geology and geomorphology are increasingly complex.?
Karst features carry out distributed hydrological model research, owing to its land surface condition is complicated, often cannot judge subterranean stream cone of depression
Deng position, causing the concentration time to judge, the concentration time of surface runoff and interflow subsurface drainage also cannot be clear and definite simultaneously.
The most clearly recognize the product of karst features to conflux mode, and the product concentration time mistake of rainwash and interflow subsurface drainage
Cheng Chengwei karst features produce a difficult problem for research of confluxing.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problem of above-mentioned existence, the invention discloses a kind of generalization simulation karst features distributed runoff yield dress
Putting, this analog makes bottom relief model according to practical study landform scaled down, arranges on bottom relief model
Runoff yield unit, simulation effect is true, is conducive to analyzing the product afflux characteristic of karst features.
A kind of generalization simulation karst features distributed runoff yield device, is characterized in that including bottom relief model and several products
Stream unit, each runoff yield unit bottom is respectively arranged with the lowering or hoisting gear of correspondence, described runoff yield unit horizontal contiguous concatenation shape
Become runoff yield combination unit, runoff yield combination unit support is fixed on bottom relief model, described adjacent runoff yield unit bottom it
Between connection be provided with U-shaped flexible pipe, the middle part of U-shaped flexible pipe is provided with electromagnetic valve, and the bottom of runoff yield combination unit is provided with to extending around
Collecting pipe, described runoff yield unit includes the diafiltration cloth holder in runoff yield bucket and built-in insertion runoff yield bucket, diafiltration cloth holder covers to be stamped and oozes
Filter cloth.
Described lowering or hoisting gear includes rack bar and drives the motor of rack bar, and the top of rack bar is solid with the bottom of runoff yield bucket
Fixed connection.
The cross section of described runoff yield bucket is square, and the bottom even of runoff yield bucket is distributed four manifold port, adjacent two
The section of bus mouth of individual runoff yield bucket is hose connection by U-shaped, and remainder manifold port is respectively equipped with the remittance stretched out towards surrounding
Flow tube, the other end of collecting pipe is connected to interflow subsurface drainage collecting tray, and collecting pipe is provided with electromagnetic valve.
The upper end of described runoff yield bucket is provided with confluxes, and the lower end confluxed is communicated to rainwash catchment tray, conflux with
The connectivity part of runoff yield bucket is positioned at above diafiltration cloth, above rainwash catchment tray runoff located underground collecting tray, and rainwash
The downstream of catchment tray and interflow subsurface drainage collecting tray connects weir, rainwash catchment tray and interflow subsurface drainage catchment tray respectively and is
Rectangular cross section tank.
The length of described runoff yield combination unit is than chi λLFor: λL=Max (a, b) (cm)/10 (cm), characteristic length a in formula
Take the maximal side of runoff yield unit in runoff yield combination unit, characteristic length b take in all of runoff yield unit elevation peak with
The difference of low spot；The infiltration coefficient computing formula of described diafiltration cloth is: diafiltration cloth infiltration coefficient=actual measurement infiltration coefficient/Its
Middle λLLength for runoff yield combination unit compares chi.
Described bottom relief model is the landform scaled down of survey region, and the employing method of section is with cement mortar construction
Becoming, bottom relief model is 1:2000～1:100000 with the ratio that reduces of the landform of survey region.
The present invention, according to test requirements document, splices and combines by about runoff yield unit group, forms runoff yield combination unit, and will be each
Connect U-shaped flexible pipe or collecting pipe on the manifold port of runoff yield unit on request, runoff yield combination unit is fixed on bottom landform
On model, the collecting pipe that the runoff yield unit bottom of runoff yield combination unit surrounding connects is connected to interflow subsurface drainage collecting tray, runoff yield group
Confluxing that the runoff yield unit top of locking device surrounding connects is connected to rainwash catchment tray.Natural by rainfall simulation
Rainfall, rainwater lands towards bottom relief model, and rainwater drops on diafiltration cloth, and part rainwater passes through diafiltration cloth, drops to produce
Stream bucket, splashes to the rainwater in runoff yield bucket and flows to interflow subsurface drainage collecting tray from confluxing, not from diafiltration cloth seepage flow to runoff yield bucket
In rainwater trickle from confluxing to rainwash catchment tray, by rainwash catchment tray and interflow subsurface drainage collecting tray downstream
Discharge measured by weir, carrys out computational analysis karst features distributed runoff yield situation by discharge.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the runoff yield combination unit of the present invention,
Fig. 2 is the A direction view (i.e. plan structure schematic diagram) of Fig. 1,
Fig. 3 is single runoff yield unit and rainwash catchment tray and interflow subsurface drainage collecting tray connection diagram,
Fig. 4 is the B direction view of Fig. 3,
Fig. 5 is the application state schematic diagram of the present invention,
Reference numerals list: 1 runoff yield unit, 1-1 runoff yield bucket, 1-2 diafiltration cloth holder, 2 lowering or hoisting gears, 3 U-shapeds
Flexible pipe, 4 electromagnetic valves, 5 collecting pipes, 6 diafiltration cloth, 7 manifold port, 8 rainwash catchment tray, 9 interflow subsurface drainages converge
Chute, 10 conflux, 11 bottom relief models.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and detailed description of the invention, it is further elucidated with the present invention.It should be understood that following detailed description of the invention is only
For the present invention being described rather than limiting the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the runoff yield combination unit of the present invention, and runoff yield combination unit is by several runoff yield unit 1 water
Flat contiguous concatenation is formed, and runoff yield unit 1 includes the diafiltration cloth holder 1-2 within runoff yield bucket 1-1 and built-in insertion runoff yield bucket, diafiltration cloth
On frame 1-2, illiteracy is stamped diafiltration cloth, and diafiltration cloth shelters from the cross section of runoff yield bucket 1-1 completely；The bottom of runoff yield bucket 1-1 is provided with liter
Falling unit 2, lowering or hoisting gear 2 includes rack bar and drives the motor of rack bar, and the top of rack bar is solid with the bottom of runoff yield bucket 1-1
Fixed connection, lowering or hoisting gear 2 can regulate the height of runoff yield unit 1；As seen from the figure, runoff yield bucket 1-1 can be adjusted by lowering or hoisting gear 2
Saving into different height, according to simulation test needs, be adjusted to the most mutually height, the bottom of runoff yield bucket 1-1 arranges oriented
The collecting pipe 5 extended around, bottom adjacent runoff yield bucket 1-1 between connect with U-shaped flexible pipe 3, on U-shaped flexible pipe 3 and collecting pipe 5
It is respectively arranged with electromagnetic valve 4.The adjacent current flowing velocity between runoff yield bucket 1-1 is not know after model building is well
, by utilizing each collecting pipe 5 of several flood calibrations and U-shaped flexible pipe 3 after being connected by adjacent runoff yield bucket 1-1 collecting pipe 5
Electromagnetic valve 4 aperture, make to simulate natural flowing velocity between adjacent runoff yield bucket 1-1.The present invention by calibration each
Electromagnetic valve 4 under runoff yield bucket 1-1, makes overall effect of confluxing of producing meet ratio chi relation with native state, can be used to simulate natural
Different rainfalls combinations are carried out product and conflux analysiss by the runoff process of state, and then proposition carries out the coboundary of downstream flood forecasting
Condition.
Fig. 2 is the A direction view of Fig. 1, i.e. plan structure schematic diagram, and Fig. 2 is only a kind of embodiment, as seen from the figure, runoff yield bucket
The cross section of 1-1 is square, and the bottom even of runoff yield bucket 1-1 is distributed four manifold port 7, runoff yield bucket 1-1 and being adjacent
Runoff yield bucket 1-1 connect with a U-shaped flexible pipe 3, the two ends of U-shaped flexible pipe 3 connect the remittance closed on of this adjacent runoff yield bucket 1-1 respectively
Head piece 7, other manifold port 7 of runoff yield bucket 1-1 are respectively equipped with on the collecting pipe 5 stretched out towards surrounding, U-shaped flexible pipe 3 and collecting pipe 5
It is equipped with electromagnetic valve 4.
Fig. 3 is single runoff yield unit 1 and rainwash catchment tray 8 and interflow subsurface drainage collecting tray 9 connection diagram, can by figure
Seeing, the upper end of runoff yield bucket 1-1 is provided with confluxes 10, conflux 10 lower end be communicated to rainwash catchment tray 8, conflux 10 with
The connectivity part of runoff yield bucket 1-1 is positioned at above diafiltration cloth, above rainwash catchment tray 8 runoff located underground collecting tray 9, from confluxing
Mouth 7 connects the collecting pipe 5 and is connected in collecting pipe 5, and rainwash catchment tray 8 and interflow subsurface drainage catchment tray 9 are rectangle and break
Face tank.And the downstream of rainwash catchment tray 8 and interflow subsurface drainage collecting tray 9 connects weir respectively, weir is used for detecting
Discharge.
Fig. 4 is the B direction view of Fig. 3, and in figure, dotted portion represents that collecting pipe 5 is positioned at and confluxes below 10, as seen from the figure, converges
Runner and runoff yield bucket equal in width, above rainwash catchment tray runoff located underground collecting tray.
Fig. 5 is the application state schematic diagram of the present invention, and bottom relief model 11 is the landform scaled down of survey region,
Using method of section cement mortar to build to form, bottom relief model 11 is 1:2000 with the ratio that reduces of the landform of survey region
～1:100000, black lines thicker in figure represents rainwash catchment tray 8 and interflow subsurface drainage collecting tray 9, and connects it
Collecting pipe 5 and conflux 10, and the runoff yield combination unit being arranged on bottom relief model.Grid table in bottom landform
Showing that runoff yield bucket 1-1, runoff yield bucket 1-1 arrange one by one, adjacent runoff yield bucket 1-1 U-shaped flexible pipe 3 connects, and is positioned at edge
Runoff yield bucket 1-1 be connected to interflow subsurface drainage collecting tray 9 by collecting pipe 5.
Embodiment 1:
Make bottom relief model 11 according to survey region, bottom relief model 11 is set up distributed mathematical model and produces
Stream unit 400, takes the maximal side of mathematical model runoff yield unit 1 as characteristic length a=10m, takes the single product of mathematical model
The maximum discrepancy in elevation of stream unit 1 as characteristic length 5m, the length of said apparatus than chi is: λL=Max (1000,500) (cm)/10
(cm)=100；Wherein λLFor the length of this generalization analog than chi, λ in the present embodimentL=100；
The height of diafiltration cloth holder 1-2 is 2cm, i.e. diafiltration cloth is positioned at the runoff yield bucket 1-1 position from top down extension 2cm.
The infiltration coefficient of diafiltration cloth determines according to the permeability of on-the-spot underlying surface: top layer diafiltration cloth 11 infiltration coefficients=actual measurement
Infiltration coefficient/10, survey each runoff yield unit infiltration coefficient and see table:
Computation model runoff yield unit 1 infiltration coefficient see table:
Runoff yield bucket 1-1 is square, and the length of side=10cm, height=10cm arrange 4 manifold port 7 bottom runoff yield bucket 1-1, converge
The a diameter of 2cm of head piece 7.
The a length of 15cm of rack bar of lowering or hoisting gear 2, variable span length is 10cm, and motor and driver height thereof are
20cm。
The 1:2000 topography in bottom relief model research on utilization region, uses method of section cement mortar to build, specifically
Embodiment contrasts hydraulic model test method；Its length than chi is: (prototype: model)=(100:1).
Elevation at the bottom of buried channel, basin Outlet Section is height above sea level 980m, and during construction, each height value presses [(map landform altitude m-
980m)/100*100-30] (cm) enforcement.
Rainwash catchment tray 8 10cm higher than interflow subsurface drainage catchment tray 9, and both shapes in horizontal layout are identical.
Technological means disclosed in the present invention program is not limited only to the technological means disclosed in above-mentioned technological means, also includes
The technical scheme being made up of above technical characteristic combination in any.
Claims (6)
1. a generalization simulation karst features distributed runoff yield device, it is characterized in that including bottom relief model (11) and several
Runoff yield unit (1), each runoff yield unit (1) bottom is respectively arranged with the lowering or hoisting gear (2) of correspondence, described runoff yield unit (1)
Horizontal contiguous concatenation forms runoff yield combination unit, and runoff yield combination unit support is fixed on bottom relief model (11), described phase
Being provided with U-shaped flexible pipe (3) between adjacent runoff yield unit (1) bottom, the bottom of runoff yield combination unit was provided with to confluxing of extending around
Pipe (5), U-shaped flexible pipe (3) and collecting pipe (5) are equipped with electromagnetic valve (4), described runoff yield unit (1) include runoff yield bucket (1-1) and
The diafiltration cloth (6) being built in runoff yield bucket (1-1).
One the most according to claim 1 generally changes simulation karst features distributed runoff yield device, it is characterized in that described lifting
Device (2) includes rack bar (2-1) and drives the motor of rack bar (2-1), the top of rack bar (2-1) and runoff yield bucket (1-1)
Bottom fixing connect.
One the most according to claim 1 generally changes simulation karst features distributed runoff yield device, it is characterized in that described diafiltration
Cloth (6) covers and covers on diafiltration cloth holder (1-2).
One the most according to claim 1 generally changes simulation karst features distributed runoff yield device, it is characterized in that described runoff yield
The cross section of bucket (1-1) is square, and the bottom even of runoff yield bucket (1-1) is distributed four manifold port (7), two adjacent products
The section of bus mouth of stream bucket (1-1) is connected by U-shaped flexible pipe (3), remainder manifold port (7) is respectively equipped with and stretches towards surrounding
The collecting pipe (5) gone out, the other end of collecting pipe (5) is connected to interflow subsurface drainage collecting tray (9).
One the most according to claim 3 generally changes simulation karst features distributed runoff yield device, it is characterized in that described runoff yield
The upper end of bucket (1-1) is provided with conflux (10), and conflux (10) are communicated to rainwash catchment tray (8), confluxes (10) and produces
The connectivity part of stream bucket (1-1) is positioned at diafiltration cloth (6) top, on rainwash catchment tray (10) runoff located underground collecting tray (9)
Side, and the downstream of rainwash catchment tray (10) and interflow subsurface drainage collecting tray (9) connects weir, rainwash catchment tray respectively
And interflow subsurface drainage catchment tray (8) is rectangular cross section tank (10).
One the most according to claim 1 generally changes simulation karst features distributed runoff yield device, it is characterized in that described runoff yield
The length of combination unit compares chiFor:=Max(a, b) (cm)/10(cm), in formula, characteristic length a takes runoff yield combination unit
The maximal side of middle runoff yield unit (1), characteristic length b takes elevation peak and the difference of minimum point in all of runoff yield unit (1)
Value；The infiltration coefficient computing formula of described diafiltration cloth (6) is: diafiltration cloth infiltration coefficient=actual measurement infiltration coefficient/。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410164240.5A CN103970940B (en) | 2014-04-22 | 2014-04-22 | Distributed runoff producing device for generally simulating karst landform |
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| CN201410164240.5A CN103970940B (en) | 2014-04-22 | 2014-04-22 | Distributed runoff producing device for generally simulating karst landform |
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| CN103970940B true CN103970940B (en) | 2017-01-11 |
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| CN201410164240.5A Expired - Fee Related CN103970940B (en) | 2014-04-22 | 2014-04-22 | Distributed runoff producing device for generally simulating karst landform |
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Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108414028B (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2024-03-22 | 湖南农业大学 | Hydraulic parameter measuring device for water measuring weir |
| CN113128055B (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-10-26 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Distributed hydrological model space calibration method based on runoff yield coefficient |
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