CN103938637B - Rigid-flexible combined pile foundation pit supporting construction method for hard-layer soft soil geology - Google Patents
Rigid-flexible combined pile foundation pit supporting construction method for hard-layer soft soil geology Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims 15
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 241001074085 Scophthalmus aquosus Species 0.000 claims 2
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- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种基坑支护的施工方法,特别涉及一种夹硬层软土地质刚柔组合桩基坑支护施工方法。The invention relates to a construction method for foundation pit support, in particular to a construction method for foundation pit support with rigid-flexible combination piles in soft soil interlayer.
背景技术Background technique
软土地区止水帷幕常常采用水泥土搅拌桩或者旋喷桩,但在遇到碎石、卵石等地层,水泥土搅拌桩或者旋喷桩钻头不能穿透硬层从而不能达到设计深度。传统基坑支护方法通常采用止水帷幕和护坡桩分离设置的方法,止水帷幕一般设在外侧,护坡桩再设在内侧,桩的数量会很多,基坑支护成本较高。本发明对此进行了改进,柔性桩置于相邻刚性桩的中间,一方面柔性桩和刚性桩协同变形作为支护结构,另一方面柔性桩和刚性桩咬合后形成止水帷幕,止水效果可靠。从经济角度考虑,显然桩数量比传统要低的多,从而节省了工程造价。Water-stop curtains in soft soil areas often use cement-soil mixing piles or rotary grouting piles. However, when encountering gravel, pebbles and other strata, the drill bits of cement-soil mixing piles or rotary grouting piles cannot penetrate hard layers and cannot reach the design depth. The traditional foundation pit support method usually adopts the method of separately setting the water-stop curtain and the slope protection pile. The water-stop curtain is generally set on the outside, and the slope protection pile is set on the inside. The number of piles will be large, and the cost of foundation pit support will be high. The present invention improves this. The flexible pile is placed in the middle of adjacent rigid piles. On the one hand, the flexible pile and the rigid pile cooperate to deform as a support structure; The effect is reliable. From an economic point of view, it is obvious that the number of piles is much lower than the traditional one, thus saving the project cost.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种夹硬层软土地质刚柔组合桩基坑支护施工方法,解决传统基坑造价高的问题。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a construction method for foundation pit support of rigid-flexible combined piles in interlayer soft soil, which solves the problem of high cost of traditional foundation pits.
本发明工艺原理采用如下:Process principle of the present invention adopts as follows:
利用回旋钻孔穿过硬夹层,钻到设计深度时,借助回旋叶片切割软土,边旋转喷水泥浆边提钻杆,从而形成柔性桩。利用回旋钻孔穿过硬夹层,钻到设计深度时,借助回旋叶片将混凝土由钻头底部泵出,边灌注边提钻杆到地面,从而形成泵压素混凝土桩。随后吊起连接好的振动装置、大刚度芯管及钢筋笼,把钢筋笼下端插入混凝土桩体中,依靠重力和振动装置带动大刚度芯管对钢筋笼下端进行振动,使钢筋笼下沉至设计深度,从而形成刚性桩。先施工柔性桩,然后施工刚性桩,刚性桩和柔性桩咬合布置,形成止水帷幕,刚性桩不仅起到止水的效果,还起到了护坡的作用。Use rotary drilling to pass through the hard interlayer, and when drilling to the designed depth, use the rotary blade to cut the soft soil, and lift the drill pipe while rotating the grout to form a flexible pile. Use rotary drilling to pass through the hard interlayer, and when drilling to the design depth, pump the concrete from the bottom of the drill bit with the help of rotary blades, and lift the drill pipe to the ground while pouring, thus forming a pumped plain concrete pile. Then lift the connected vibrating device, high rigidity core tube and reinforcement cage, insert the lower end of the reinforcement cage into the concrete pile, rely on the gravity and the vibration device to drive the high rigidity core tube to vibrate the lower end of the reinforcement cage, so that the reinforcement cage sinks to Design the depth so that a rigid pile is formed. The flexible piles are constructed first, and then the rigid piles are constructed. The rigid piles and flexible piles are occluded and arranged to form a water-stop curtain. The rigid piles not only play the role of water-stop, but also play the role of slope protection.
本发明施工步骤包括:Construction steps of the present invention include:
1测量放线定位1. Measurement and setting-out positioning
清理施工场地后,应复测甲方提供的基点和基线,确定无误后,再根据基点和基线放出具体桩位,桩位测放顺序按施工顺序进行,桩位应固定好,桩中心线偏差小10mm,并做好测量记录,准确无误后方可施工。After cleaning the construction site, the base point and baseline provided by Party A should be retested. After confirming that they are correct, the specific pile positions should be released according to the base point and baseline. The minimum is 10mm, and the measurement record should be done well, and the construction can only be carried out after it is accurate.
2钻机就位2 rigs in place
钻机应保持平稳,确保施工中不发生任何倾斜移动。为准确控制钻孔深度,应在机架上设置控制标尺,以便观测。The drilling rig should be kept stable to ensure that no tilting movement occurs during construction. In order to accurately control the drilling depth, a control scale should be set on the frame for observation.
3钻机引孔3 drilling rig lead hole
桩垂直度达不到要求,桩下部止水帷幕会出现渗漏,达不到止水的效果。为了控制桩垂直度,采取如下措施:在钻机桩架的滑道上,设置两个具有定向作用的护筒,内径仅大于钻杆直径10mm,解决了钻杆的摩擦与摆动问题。在挺杆底部设置自制重力垂直度仪。桩位对中后,在挺杆底部垫枕木并压实,保证在挺杆受力摆动时,靠钻机绕轴自锁装置和挺杆与枕木产生的摩擦力抵抗摆动,使桩位不产生变化。在桩中心对位、钻杆调垂直度后,用经纬仪再检测钻杆垂直度,并在钻孔过程中随时监测,确保定位误差小于5mm,施工误差小于10mm。If the verticality of the pile does not meet the requirements, the water-stop curtain at the bottom of the pile will leak, and the water-stop effect will not be achieved. In order to control the verticality of the pile, the following measures are taken: on the slideway of the pile frame of the drilling rig, two casings with directional function are installed, and the inner diameter is only 10mm larger than the diameter of the drill pipe, which solves the problem of friction and swing of the drill pipe. Set up a self-made gravity verticality instrument at the bottom of the tappet. After the pile position is centered, put a sleeper on the bottom of the tappet and compact it to ensure that when the tappet swings under force, the self-locking device around the axis of the drilling rig and the friction generated by the tappet and the sleeper resist the swing, so that the pile position does not change. . After aligning the pile center and adjusting the verticality of the drill pipe, use theodolite to check the verticality of the drill pipe again, and monitor it at any time during the drilling process to ensure that the positioning error is less than 5mm and the construction error is less than 10mm.
4边钻进泵送水泥浆4 side drilling pumping cement slurry
钻到预定深度后,必须在孔底处进行空转清土,然后停止转动,边泵送水泥浆边提钻至地面,提钻时进行匀速转动,使泵送水泥浆和土均匀拌合,形成柔性桩。软土层钻进速度为0.8~1m/min,硬夹层部位钻进速度要放慢,钻进速度为0.2~0.4m/min,如果钻机出现摇晃现象则钻进速度还要放慢。After drilling to the predetermined depth, it must be idling at the bottom of the hole to clear the soil, then stop the rotation, lift the drill to the ground while pumping the cement slurry, and rotate at a constant speed when lifting the drill to make the pumped cement slurry and soil evenly mixed to form a Flexible pile. The drilling speed in the soft soil layer is 0.8-1m/min, and the drilling speed in the hard interlayer should be slowed down, and the drilling speed is 0.2-0.4m/min. If the drilling rig shakes, the drilling speed should be slowed down.
5压灌混凝土5 pressure poured concrete
柔性桩施工完毕后马上在刚性桩设计部位钻孔,钻到预定深度后,必须在孔底处进行空转清土,然后停止转动,边泵送混凝土边提钻至地面,提钻时不得转动,并保持匀速提升,确保钻头始终埋在混凝土中,防止断桩。由于刚性桩和柔性桩咬合部位可能会有一定的强度,钻进速度要放慢,软土层钻进速度为0.5~0.7m/min,硬夹层部位钻进速度还要放慢,钻进速度为0.1~0.3m/min,如果钻机出现摇晃现象则钻进速度再放慢。Immediately after the completion of the construction of the flexible pile, drill the hole at the design position of the rigid pile. After drilling to the predetermined depth, the soil must be idly cleared at the bottom of the hole, and then stop the rotation. Lift the drill to the ground while pumping the concrete. Do not rotate when lifting the drill. And keep lifting at a constant speed to ensure that the drill bit is always buried in the concrete to prevent the pile from breaking. Since the occlusal part of rigid pile and flexible pile may have certain strength, the drilling speed should be slowed down. It is 0.1~0.3m/min. If the drilling rig shakes, the drilling speed will be slowed down.
6插入钢筋笼6 Insert the reinforcement cage
浇筑混凝土后,通过振动装置将钢筋笼插入混凝土,形成刚性桩。振动装置采用中低频率振动锤,并安装了隔振装置;振动锤顶部有一个吊环,用于起吊振动装置和大刚度芯管;钢筋笼对正圈是用来固定和对正钢筋笼的;吊绳系于振动锤上,用于吊车起吊,同时用人来操纵确保钢筋笼安放的垂直度;振动锤下部及钢筋笼上焊有2个~4个钢环,穿入钢丝绳卡紧,起吊钢筋笼并定位。大刚度芯管用法兰盘连接在振动装置上,大刚度芯管下端压在钢筋笼末端,钢筋笼上端与振动装置柔性连接,大刚度芯管下端开口,中部、上部开通气孔。After the concrete is poured, the steel cage is inserted into the concrete by a vibrating device to form a rigid pile. The vibrating device adopts a medium and low frequency vibrating hammer, and a vibration isolating device is installed; there is a lifting ring on the top of the vibrating hammer, which is used to lift the vibrating device and the high-rigidity core tube; the steel cage alignment ring is used to fix and align the steel cage; The sling is tied to the vibrating hammer and used for lifting by a crane. At the same time, people are used to operate it to ensure the verticality of the reinforcement cage; 2 to 4 steel rings are welded on the lower part of the vibrating hammer and the reinforcement cage, which are inserted into the wire rope and clamped to lift the reinforcement. Cage and position. The high-rigidity core tube is connected to the vibrating device with a flange, the lower end of the high-rigidity core tube is pressed against the end of the steel cage, the upper end of the steel cage is flexibly connected to the vibrating device, the lower end of the high-rigidity core tube is open, and air holes are opened in the middle and upper parts.
7做桩顶混凝土压顶梁7 Make pile top concrete pressure beam
桩顶混凝土压顶梁强度采用C25或者C30,桩顶混凝土压顶梁在锚杆部位设置预留孔,以便于钻机进行钻孔。The strength of the pile top concrete pressure beam is C25 or C30, and the pile top concrete pressure beam is provided with a reserved hole at the anchor rod to facilitate drilling by the drilling rig.
8锚杆施工8 Anchor construction
采用潜孔钻机根据设计倾角进行钻孔,孔距误差不大于150mm,孔深误差不大于50mm。钻孔完成后用灰浆泵向孔内灌注水泥浆,注浆压力为0.1~0.2MPa。注浆时注浆管应插入距孔底约100mm处,随水泥浆注入缓缓拔出,至钻孔饱满为止。然后将钢筋杆体插入注满水泥浆的钻孔中。The down-the-hole drilling rig is used to drill holes according to the design inclination, the error of the hole distance is not greater than 150mm, and the error of the hole depth is not greater than 50mm. After the drilling is completed, use a mortar pump to pour cement slurry into the hole, and the grouting pressure is 0.1-0.2MPa. When grouting, the grouting pipe should be inserted about 100mm from the bottom of the hole, and slowly pulled out with the grout injection until the borehole is full. The rebar body is then inserted into the drilled hole filled with grout.
9第一次喷射混凝土9 Shotcrete for the first time
埋设控制厚度标志的φ6短钢筋,用高压水冲洗边坡,湿润边坡表面。先将水泥、砂、碎石按配合比干拌均匀后再过筛装入喷射机,然后开始喷射第一层混凝土。喷射作业应分段分片、自上而下依次进行,喷射时喷头与受喷面应垂直,保持0.8m~1.0m的距离,喷射手持喷枪做均匀旋转运动,以保证喷射出的混凝土密实均匀。同时控制好水灰比,回弹率不应大于15%,喷射混凝土终凝2h后喷水养护。Bury short φ6 steel bars with thickness control marks, wash the slope with high-pressure water, and moisten the surface of the slope. First dry mix the cement, sand and gravel according to the mixing ratio, then sieve and load them into the spraying machine, and then start spraying the first layer of concrete. The spraying operation should be carried out in sections and pieces, from top to bottom. When spraying, the nozzle should be perpendicular to the surface to be sprayed, keeping a distance of 0.8m ~ 1.0m, and the hand-held spray gun should be rotated evenly to ensure that the sprayed concrete is dense and uniform. . At the same time, the water-cement ratio should be well controlled, the rebound rate should not be greater than 15%, and the sprayed concrete should be sprayed with water for curing after 2 hours of final setting.
10挂钢丝网10 hanging wire mesh
用细铁丝将经调直的φ6钢筋绑扎成钢筋网片,钢筋网的交叉点应绑扎结实。Bind the straightened φ6 steel bars into steel mesh sheets with thin iron wires, and the intersection points of the steel mesh should be tied firmly.
11第二次喷射混凝土11 Second shotcrete
用高压水将第一层喷射混凝土面冲洗干净并湿润表面。第二层混凝土喷射顺序和操作方法与第一层相同。开始喷射时应减小喷头与受喷面的距离,并调整喷射角度,以保证第二层喷射混凝土的密实性。喷射中若有被钢筋网架住出现混凝土脱落应及时清除。喷射人员应调整喷枪的供水阀门,控制水灰比,使混凝土表面平整,湿润光泽,无流淌干斑现象。喷射混凝土终凝2h后喷水养护7d。每天喷水的次数应能保持喷射混凝土表面湿润。Rinse off the first coat of shotcrete with high pressure water and wet the surface. The second layer of concrete spraying sequence and operation method is the same as the first layer. When starting to spray, the distance between the nozzle and the sprayed surface should be reduced, and the spray angle should be adjusted to ensure the compactness of the second layer of sprayed concrete. If the concrete falls off due to being supported by the steel mesh during spraying, it should be removed in time. Spraying personnel should adjust the water supply valve of the spray gun to control the water-cement ratio, so that the concrete surface is smooth, moist and shiny, and there is no flow and dry spots. After 2 hours of final setting of shotcrete, spray water for 7 days. The number of water sprays per day should be sufficient to keep the shotcrete surface wet.
用于柔性桩的水泥采用普通硅酸盐水泥,标号为42.5,掺入量为15%,水灰比为1.0。水泥浆用水必须清洁、无污染,在注浆前30min左右开始制备水泥浆。在搅拌器中充分搅拌,搅拌均匀后从出浆口流出,经过滤网过滤,除去浆液中没有水化的颗粒和杂志。滤过的浆液进入泥浆泵,再泵送入注浆管。The cement used for the flexible pile is ordinary Portland cement, the grade is 42.5, the mixing amount is 15%, and the water-cement ratio is 1.0. The water used for cement slurry must be clean and pollution-free, and the cement slurry should be prepared about 30 minutes before grouting. Stir fully in the agitator, and then flow out from the slurry outlet after stirring evenly, and filter through a filter to remove unhydrated particles and impurities in the slurry. The filtered grout enters the mud pump and is pumped into the grouting pipe.
用于刚性桩的水泥采用普通硅酸盐水泥,标号为42.5,水灰比为0.45~0.5。细骨料选用级配合理、质地坚硬、颗粒纯净的天然中、粗砂;粗骨料选用坚硬的卵石或碎石,粒径为5mm~15mm。The cement used for the rigid pile is ordinary Portland cement, the grade is 42.5, and the water-cement ratio is 0.45-0.5. The fine aggregate is selected from natural medium and coarse sand with reasonable gradation, hard texture and pure particles; the coarse aggregate is selected from hard pebbles or crushed stones, with a particle size of 5mm to 15mm.
施工过程质量控制措施采用如下:The quality control measures in the construction process are as follows:
1钻机就位时必须平整稳固,垂直偏差不大于1%。1 When the drilling rig is in place, it must be flat and stable, and the vertical deviation should not exceed 1%.
2钢筋笼由主筋和横向箍筋组成,每隔2m左右设置加强筋。钢筋笼主筋保护层厚度不应小于35mm,主筋保护层允许偏差为10mm,钢筋笼主筋外侧加滑靴,以保证钢筋保护层。2 The reinforcement cage is composed of the main reinforcement and the transverse stirrup, and the reinforcement is set every 2m or so. The thickness of the protective layer of the main reinforcement of the steel cage should not be less than 35mm, and the allowable deviation of the protective layer of the main reinforcement is 10mm. Sliding shoes are added outside the main reinforcement of the steel cage to ensure the protective layer of the steel reinforcement.
3钢筋笼底部将6根主筋加长,内弯连接形成碗状,作为振动芯管与钢筋笼的连接,同时底部横向箍筋与主筋焊点加强。设置2个~4个起吊点,起吊点横向箍筋应做成双箍加强,避免出现吊放时开焊。3. At the bottom of the reinforcement cage, the six main reinforcements are lengthened and connected inwardly to form a bowl shape, which is used as the connection between the vibrating core tube and the reinforcement cage, and at the same time, the solder joints between the bottom horizontal stirrup and the main reinforcement are strengthened. Set 2 to 4 lifting points, and the horizontal stirrups at the lifting points should be strengthened with double hoops to avoid open welding when lifting.
4刚性桩混凝土浇筑后混凝土强度应满足设计要求,混凝土凝结良好,不得有蜂窝、空洞、离析、裂隙、夹层等不良现象,混凝土不得有脱粘露钢筋笼现象。4. After the rigid pile concrete is poured, the concrete strength should meet the design requirements. The concrete should set well without honeycombs, cavities, segregation, cracks, interlayers and other undesirable phenomena, and the concrete should not have debonding and exposed steel cages.
5刚性桩混凝土坍落度满足180mm~220mm,具有良好的和易性、粘结性和保水性,初凝时间以满足灌注时间为原则。5 The concrete slump of the rigid pile should meet 180mm-220mm, and it has good workability, cohesiveness and water retention, and the initial setting time should meet the pouring time as the principle.
本发明有显著的经济效益,传统方法是止水结构和挡土结构是分离的,通常采用柔性桩形成止水帷幕,而在柔性桩内侧设置刚性桩进行挡土,而本发明中刚性桩一方面可以挡土,又可以止水,刚性桩和柔性桩数量远远小于传统方法,具有明显的经济效益。本发明中刚性桩和柔性桩施工时不产生挤土效应,在施工时对地基基础几乎不产生任何附加应力,从而减少土体扰动,对周边环境影响很小。The present invention has significant economic benefits. The traditional method is that the water-stop structure and the soil-retaining structure are separated. Usually, flexible piles are used to form a water-stop curtain, and rigid piles are arranged inside the flexible piles to retain soil. In the present invention, the rigid piles are one On the one hand, it can retain soil and stop water. The number of rigid piles and flexible piles is far smaller than that of traditional methods, which has obvious economic benefits. In the present invention, the rigid pile and the flexible pile do not produce soil squeezing effect during construction, and almost no additional stress is generated on the foundation during construction, thereby reducing soil disturbance and having little impact on the surrounding environment.
本发明具有以下特点:施工质量容易得到保证,工程成本低。施工振动、噪声小,对周边环境影响小施工周期短,支护效果较好。本发明适用于浅层有碎石或卵石等硬夹层的软土地质情况下的基坑支护。The invention has the following characteristics: the construction quality is easily guaranteed, and the engineering cost is low. The construction vibration and noise are small, the impact on the surrounding environment is small, the construction period is short, and the support effect is good. The invention is suitable for foundation pit support under soft ground conditions with hard interlayers such as crushed stones or pebbles in the shallow layer.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为工艺流程图,图2为刚性桩和柔性桩布置平面示意图。Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram, and Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of the arrangement of rigid piles and flexible piles.
附图标记:1、刚性桩,2、柔性桩。Reference signs: 1, rigid pile, 2, flexible pile.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下结合附图对本实施例进行详细描述。The present embodiment will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
温州承丰大厦高度为33m,总建筑面积57880m2,采用框架剪力墙结构,该工程基坑开挖深度5.3m,基坑开挖面积约为5330m2,地质报告反映场地土在8m左右有厚度约0.8~1.5m的碎石夹层,基坑支护采取刚柔组合桩基坑支护施工方法。Wenzhou Chengfeng Building is 33m high, with a total construction area of 57,880m 2 . It adopts a frame shear wall structure. The foundation pit excavation depth of the project is 5.3m, and the excavation area of the foundation pit is about 5,330m 2 . The geological report shows that the site soil is about 8m. For the crushed stone interlayer with a thickness of about 0.8-1.5m, the foundation pit support adopts the construction method of rigid-flexible pile foundation pit support.
图1为工艺流程图,施工步骤包括:Figure 1 is a process flow chart, and the construction steps include:
1测量放线定位1. Measurement and setting-out positioning
清理施工场地后,应复测甲方提供的基点和基线,确定无误后,再根据基点和基线放出具体桩位,桩位测放顺序按施工顺序进行,桩位应固定好,桩中心线偏差小10mm,并做好测量记录,准确无误后方可施工。After cleaning the construction site, the base point and baseline provided by Party A should be retested. After confirming that they are correct, the specific pile positions should be released according to the base point and baseline. The minimum is 10mm, and the measurement record should be done well, and the construction can only be carried out after it is accurate.
2钻机就位2 rigs in place
钻机应保持平稳,确保施工中不发生任何倾斜移动。为准确控制钻孔深度,应在机架上设置控制标尺,以便观测。The drilling rig should be kept stable to ensure that no tilting movement occurs during construction. In order to accurately control the drilling depth, a control scale should be set on the frame for observation.
3钻机引孔3 drilling rig lead hole
桩垂直度达不到要求,桩下部止水帷幕会出现渗漏,达不到止水的效果。为了控制桩垂直度,采取如下措施:在钻机桩架的滑道上,设置两个具有定向作用的护筒,内径仅大于钻杆直径10mm,解决了钻杆的摩擦与摆动问题。在挺杆底部设置自制重力垂直度仪。桩位对中后,在挺杆底部垫枕木并压实,保证在挺杆受力摆动时,靠钻机绕轴自锁装置和挺杆与枕木产生的摩擦力抵抗摆动,使桩位不产生变化。在桩中心对位、钻杆调垂直度后,用经纬仪再检测钻杆垂直度,并在钻孔过程中随时监测,确保定位误差小于5mm,施工误差小于10mm。If the verticality of the pile does not meet the requirements, the water-stop curtain at the bottom of the pile will leak, and the water-stop effect will not be achieved. In order to control the verticality of the pile, the following measures are taken: on the slideway of the pile frame of the drilling rig, two casings with directional function are installed, and the inner diameter is only 10mm larger than the diameter of the drill pipe, which solves the problem of friction and swing of the drill pipe. Set up a self-made gravity verticality instrument at the bottom of the tappet. After the pile position is centered, put a sleeper on the bottom of the tappet and compact it to ensure that when the tappet swings under force, the self-locking device around the axis of the drilling rig and the friction generated by the tappet and the sleeper resist the swing, so that the pile position does not change. . After aligning the pile center and adjusting the verticality of the drill pipe, use theodolite to check the verticality of the drill pipe again, and monitor it at any time during the drilling process to ensure that the positioning error is less than 5mm and the construction error is less than 10mm.
4边钻进泵送水泥浆4 side drilling pumping cement slurry
钻到预定深度后,必须在孔底处进行空转清土,然后停止转动,边泵送水泥浆边提钻至地面,提钻时进行匀速转动,使泵送水泥浆和土均匀拌合,形成柔性桩。软土层钻进速度为0.8~1m/min,硬夹层部位钻进速度要放慢,钻进速度为0.2~0.4m/min,如果钻机出现摇晃现象则钻进速度还要放慢。After drilling to the predetermined depth, it must be idling at the bottom of the hole to clear the soil, then stop the rotation, lift the drill to the ground while pumping the cement slurry, and rotate at a constant speed when lifting the drill to make the pumped cement slurry and soil evenly mixed to form a Flexible pile. The drilling speed in the soft soil layer is 0.8-1m/min, and the drilling speed in the hard interlayer should be slowed down, and the drilling speed is 0.2-0.4m/min. If the drilling rig shakes, the drilling speed should be slowed down.
5压灌混凝土5 pressure poured concrete
柔性桩施工完毕后马上在刚性桩设计部位钻孔,钻到预定深度后,必须在孔底处进行空转清土,然后停止转动,边泵送混凝土边提钻至地面,提钻时不得转动,并保持匀速提升,确保钻头始终埋在混凝土中,防止断桩。由于刚性桩和柔性桩咬合部位可能会有一定的强度,钻进速度要放慢,软土层钻进速度为0.5~0.7m/min,硬夹层部位钻进速度还要放慢,钻进速度为0.1~0.3m/min,如果钻机出现摇晃现象则钻进速度再放慢。Immediately after the completion of the construction of the flexible pile, drill the hole at the design position of the rigid pile. After drilling to the predetermined depth, the soil must be idly cleared at the bottom of the hole, and then stop the rotation. Lift the drill to the ground while pumping the concrete. Do not rotate when lifting the drill. And keep lifting at a constant speed to ensure that the drill bit is always buried in the concrete to prevent the pile from breaking. Since the occlusal part of rigid pile and flexible pile may have certain strength, the drilling speed should be slowed down. It is 0.1~0.3m/min. If the drilling rig shakes, the drilling speed will be slowed down.
6插入钢筋笼6 Insert the reinforcement cage
浇筑混凝土后,通过振动装置将钢筋笼插入混凝土,形成刚性桩。刚性桩和柔性桩布置平面示意图如图2所示。振动装置采用中低频率振动锤,并安装了隔振装置;振动锤顶部有一个吊环,用于起吊振动装置和大刚度芯管;钢筋笼对正圈是用来固定和对正钢筋笼的;吊绳系于振动锤上,用于吊车起吊,同时用人来操纵确保钢筋笼安放的垂直度;振动锤下部及钢筋笼上焊有2个~4个钢环,穿入钢丝绳卡紧,起吊钢筋笼并定位。大刚度芯管用法兰盘连接在振动装置上,大刚度芯管下端压在钢筋笼末端,钢筋笼上端与振动装置柔性连接,大刚度芯管下端开口,中部、上部开通气孔。After the concrete is poured, the steel cage is inserted into the concrete by a vibrating device to form a rigid pile. The planar layout of rigid piles and flexible piles is shown in Figure 2. The vibrating device adopts a medium and low frequency vibrating hammer, and a vibration isolating device is installed; there is a lifting ring on the top of the vibrating hammer, which is used to lift the vibrating device and the high-rigidity core tube; the steel cage alignment ring is used to fix and align the steel cage; The sling is tied to the vibrating hammer and used for lifting by a crane. At the same time, people are used to operate it to ensure the verticality of the reinforcement cage; 2 to 4 steel rings are welded on the lower part of the vibrating hammer and the reinforcement cage, which are inserted into the wire rope and clamped to lift the reinforcement. Cage and position. The high-rigidity core tube is connected to the vibrating device with a flange, the lower end of the high-rigidity core tube is pressed against the end of the steel cage, the upper end of the steel cage is flexibly connected to the vibrating device, the lower end of the high-rigidity core tube is open, and air holes are opened in the middle and upper parts.
7做桩顶混凝土压顶梁7 Make pile top concrete pressure beam
桩顶混凝土压顶梁强度采用C25或者C30,桩顶混凝土压顶梁在锚杆部位设置预留孔,以便于钻机进行钻孔。The strength of the pile top concrete pressure beam is C25 or C30, and the pile top concrete pressure beam is provided with a reserved hole at the anchor rod to facilitate drilling by the drilling rig.
8锚杆施工8 Anchor construction
采用潜孔钻机根据设计倾角进行钻孔,孔距误差不大于150mm,孔深误差不大于50mm。钻孔完成后用灰浆泵向孔内灌注水泥浆,注浆压力为0.1~0.2MPa。注浆时注浆管应插入距孔底约100mm处,随水泥浆注入缓缓拔出,至钻孔饱满为止。然后将钢筋杆体插入注满水泥浆的钻孔中。The down-the-hole drilling rig is used to drill holes according to the design inclination, the error of the hole distance is not greater than 150mm, and the error of the hole depth is not greater than 50mm. After the drilling is completed, use a mortar pump to pour cement slurry into the hole, and the grouting pressure is 0.1-0.2MPa. When grouting, the grouting pipe should be inserted about 100mm from the bottom of the hole, and slowly pulled out with the grout injection until the borehole is full. The rebar body is then inserted into the drilled hole filled with grout.
9第一次喷射混凝土9 Shotcrete for the first time
埋设控制厚度标志的φ6短钢筋,用高压水冲洗边坡,湿润边坡表面。先将水泥、砂、碎石按配合比干拌均匀后再过筛装入喷射机,然后开始喷射第一层混凝土。喷射作业应分段分片、自上而下依次进行,喷射时喷头与受喷面应垂直,保持0.8m~1.0m的距离,喷射手持喷枪做均匀旋转运动,以保证喷射出的混凝土密实均匀。同时控制好水灰比,回弹率不应大于15%,喷射混凝土终凝2h后喷水养护。Bury short φ6 steel bars with thickness control marks, wash the slope with high-pressure water, and moisten the surface of the slope. First dry mix the cement, sand and gravel according to the mixing ratio, then sieve and load them into the spraying machine, and then start spraying the first layer of concrete. The spraying operation should be carried out in sections and pieces, from top to bottom. When spraying, the nozzle should be perpendicular to the surface to be sprayed, keeping a distance of 0.8m ~ 1.0m, and the hand-held spray gun should be rotated evenly to ensure that the sprayed concrete is dense and uniform. . At the same time, the water-cement ratio should be well controlled, the rebound rate should not be greater than 15%, and the sprayed concrete should be sprayed with water for curing after 2 hours of final setting.
10挂钢丝网10 hanging wire mesh
用细铁丝将经调直的φ6钢筋绑扎成钢筋网片,钢筋网的交叉点应绑扎结实。Bind the straightened φ6 steel bars into steel mesh sheets with thin iron wires, and the intersection points of the steel mesh should be tied firmly.
11第二次喷射混凝土11 Second shotcrete
用高压水将第一层喷射混凝土面冲洗干净并湿润表面。第二层混凝土喷射顺序和操作方法与第一层相同。开始喷射时应减小喷头与受喷面的距离,并调整喷射角度,以保证第二层喷射混凝土的密实性。喷射中若有被钢筋网架住出现混凝土脱落应及时清除。喷射人员应调整喷枪的供水阀门,控制水灰比,使混凝土表面平整,湿润光泽,无流淌干斑现象。喷射混凝土终凝2h后喷水养护7d。每天喷水的次数应能保持喷射混凝土表面湿润。Rinse off the first coat of shotcrete with high pressure water and wet the surface. The second layer of concrete spraying sequence and operation method is the same as the first layer. When starting to spray, the distance between the nozzle and the sprayed surface should be reduced, and the spray angle should be adjusted to ensure the compactness of the second layer of sprayed concrete. If the concrete falls off due to being supported by the steel mesh during spraying, it should be removed in time. Spraying personnel should adjust the water supply valve of the spray gun to control the water-cement ratio, so that the concrete surface is smooth, moist and shiny, and there is no flow and dry spots. After 2 hours of final setting of shotcrete, spray water for 7 days. The number of water sprays per day should be sufficient to keep the shotcrete surface wet.
施工过程中对基坑进行监测,监测结果表明基坑变形量在规定范围内,周围道路及地面未出现沉降现象,实施效果理想。During the construction process, the foundation pit was monitored, and the monitoring results showed that the deformation of the foundation pit was within the specified range, and the surrounding roads and ground did not appear to settle, and the implementation effect was ideal.
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CN105887890A (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2016-08-24 | 广州市鲁班建筑集团股份有限公司 | Plastic pile, construction method of plastic pile and foundation pit supporting watertight seal structure |
CN106761814A (en) * | 2017-02-08 | 2017-05-31 | 海南大学 | A kind of pipe curtain and bamboo reinforcement grouted anchor bar combined retaining structure and method |
CN107587502B (en) * | 2017-09-23 | 2020-10-23 | 北京建材地质工程有限公司 | Construction method for rotary drilling hole-forming pressure-grouting cement soil occlusion curtain pile |
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