CN103922821A

CN103922821A - Method for making mushroom culture material by straw fermentation

Info

Publication number: CN103922821A
Application number: CN201310582023.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张文艳
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2013-11-20
Filing date: 2013-11-20
Publication date: 2014-07-16

Abstract

According to a method for making a mushroom culture material by straw fermentation, fresh or yellow straw can be mashed to make the mushroom culture material, and a large number of straw can be processed; straw chippings are fermented into the mushroom culture material easy to be absorbed by mushroom by a general composting fermentation method; bacterium and parasites are finally killed by highest fermentation temperature produced by an extreme fermentation method using the straw chippings for composting, so that the mushroom culture material rich in nutrient is successfully made.

Description

Stalk fermentation is made the method for mushroom compost

Technical field

What the present invention relates to is the method for mushroom compost that straw is made, and belongs to agricultural machining technology.

Background technology

china is Gramineae class grain-production big country, and large-area standing grain class grain plant growing has produced the processing problem of stalk.The processing of stalk, most peasants is as pasture, but pasture only consumes a small amount of stalk, so peasants are in the ground one burning, they think that can produce like this fire ash works as fertilizer.The fertilizer that burning method Treating straw produces is in fact very micro-, and stalk a large amount of material in the process of burning can mix smog with black and white and fly away, and only produces a small amount of ash vehement.Burning method Treating straw produces more serious air pollution effect: it is full of smoke that large-area straw burning produces, and causes zonal atmospheric pollution, harm people's health.People should encourage some production technology industries of utilizing stalk, reduce or prevention burning straw.

a lot of standing grain class stalks contain a large amount of nutritive substances: a large amount of robust fibre, VITAMIN, trace element, a small amount of protein, amino acid, carbohydrate.Wherein corn stalk is the highest and stalk weight/power ratio maximum of nutrient composition content in all food crop stalks, and wherein sugar degree is the highest, produces the dense heavy sugared smell of burning during burning corn stalk.The culture material that the plantation of mushroom need to be used plant residue to ferment, the mushroom compost nutriment that the abundant plant residue of nutritive substance is fermented into is abundanter.People generally use bagasse or forage to mix few muck and make mushroom compost, but bagasse is in a large number for the production of alcohol, measures very rare; Resemble the sugar degrees of stalk such as corn stalk, high grain bar and the content of other nutritive ingredient all higher than bagasse.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve combustion method, process the air pollution problems inherent that a large amount of stalks causes, I have invented the method that straw is made to mushroom compost, this method is made simply, not to be needed to consume energy, do not pollute, the mushroom compost nutriment of making is abundant, can produce the mushroom of hypertrophy, deliciousness, industrialization is produced in a large number.

The method that stalk fermentation is made into mushroom compost the taked technical scheme of dealing with problems is to be undertaken by step below: one, gather or purchase stalk; Two, with stalk stamp mill, smash into stalk to pieces chip; Three, prepare smooth, broad, clean composting, fermentation place; Four, stalk chip and a small amount of water, fertilizer are mixed into the fermentation compound that humidity is suitable; Five, compound is carried out to composting 3 week of general fermentation, temperature control, turning, adjusting potential of hydrogen are wanted in fermentation therebetween; Six, the compound overlay film after generality fermentation is carried out to limit fermentation and produce highest temperature sterilizing; Seven, divide the little bag film of threading to move into mushroom mushroom cultivation house the compound after limit fermentation and sterilization and carry out mushroom bacterial classification inoculation cultivation.

The growth of mushroom not only needs the culture material producing after plant fermentation, and needs one not have similar miscellaneous bacteria to compete with it the environment of growing with parasite, and therefore, the culture material of mushroom must ferment and high-temperature sterilization.Fermentation and sterilizing can be carried out respectively, also can carry out simultaneously, because the process of fermentation produces high temperature, organic abundant stalk fermentation more can produce high temperature, institute's can stalk be applicable to fermenting kind of generation high-temperature sterilization.In stalk chip and water, air combining with fermentation process, produce high temperature, high temperature can be eliminated a large amount of miscellaneous bacterias and sporophyte, also eliminate parasite and closed portion's worm's ovum, fermentation also makes some thermophilic microorganisms multiply in a large number, a large amount of thermophilic microorganisms produces a kind of lytic enzyme, and this lytic enzyme can be decomposed into mushroom stalk and be easy to the nutriment absorbing.The method that straw is made to mushroom compost is below carried out substep explanation.

One. gather or purchase stalk.The culture material of mushroom needs certain humidity, so gather or the stalk of purchase with the fresh straw of moisture or withered and yellow dry stalk, can also be entrained with some disorderly grass and a small amount of attach silt, ox Gong, as long as see from afar it being that stalk is just passable, all can purchase.

Two, with stalk stamp mill, smash into stalk to pieces chip.The fineness degree of chip should, with the sheet of three centimetres of left and right of length, be beneficial to heap and make fermentation.

Three, prepare smooth, broad, clean composting, fermentation place.Smooth concrete floor has just been applicable to, and there is no the place of concrete floor, can also replace at smooth ground paving plastic film.

Four, stalk chip and a small amount of water, fertilizer are mixed into the mixed fermentation material that humidity is suitable.The original humidity of fresh stalk is applicable to, but owing to being mingled with some withered and yellow dry corn stalks, so will spray in right amount certain moisture, urea, phosphate fertilizer are dissolved in the water and spray together, can also admix a small amount of ox Gong in chip.Fertilizer can only be a small amount of, and too high concentration of fertilizer can be killed the decomposition microorganism in fermentation material.

five, compound composting is carried out to generality 3 week of fermentation, want temperature control, turning therebetween, with lime, regulate potential of hydrogen.The object of general fermentation is to be easy to for Production in Straw Fermentation is generated to mushroom the nutritive substance absorbing.Willthe compound modulating itemize heap on fermentation place is done, every heap long strip shape, and windrow is naturally loose, needn't compress, because fermentation needs air, be advisable in 1.5 meters of left and right of bottom width, piles highly to more than 1 meter highly as far as possible, be ready to the covering of raining of rainproof film.Composting started the heating that heats up in inside after four days, and epiphragma heating is faster, excavated surface and surpassed 50 with temperature instrumentation internal temperature ^.c will harrow reactor startup surface or turning cooling, no matter the time, because temperature rising overlong time can loss the nutritive substance of stalk, and too high temperature also can kill and send out a microorganism that produces lytic enzyme, turning is also to ferment for surperficial stalk compound is turned over to centre.Turning regulates potential of hydrogen to neutral with lime therebetween.Turning can be carried out repeatedly, and general fermentation time is about 3 week.

Six, the stalk compound after generality fermentation is carried out to limit fermentation and produce highest temperature sterilizing.Different from the generality fermentation of previous step: limit fermentation purposes is to produce higher temperature eliminating bacteria and sporophyte, comprise and eliminate all parasites and worm's ovum, microorganism.Limit fermentation energy produces and reaches 70 ^.the high temperature of C, decomposition microorganism at this moment oneself is decomposed the temperature producing and is killed, and has completed the mission of they fermentations, can not continue to heat up, but this temperature can be utilized and kill miscellaneous bacteria and parasite by us again.Limit fermentation time is very short, detects internal temperature and reaches 70 ^,within 2 hours, with regard to turning, the nutritive substance of overlong time meeting loss stalk, will ferment too and reach internal temperature 70 after turning in C left and right ^.c just climbs left and right reactor startup cooling for 2 hours.Limit fermentation is only carried out once (comprising that turning is once) and has just been completed the object of sterilizing, if carry out repeatedly can loss stalk nutritive substance.

Seven, the stalk compound after limit fermentation is divided to put into and enter mushroom house as film pouch and carry out mushroom bacterial classification inoculation cultivation.

Embodiment

The method that stalk fermentation is made into mushroom compost is to implement to carry out by step below.

One, gather or purchase stalk.

Two, with stalk stamp mill, smash into stalk to pieces chip.Chip be take microscler bits sheet that length is 3 centimetres of left and right for well.

Three, prepare smooth, broad, clean composting, fermentation place.Concrete floor preferably.

Four, corn stalk chip and a small amount of water, fertilizer are mixed into the mixed fermentation material that humidity is suitable.With good conditionsily can add a small amount of ox Gong, account for 0.5%, also can not graze cattle Gong and replace with fertilizer; Moisture applies by humidity, with hand, firmly pinches and can produce water droplet and be advisable; Add a small amount of urea and phosphate fertilizer to be dissolved in the water to spray to enter compound, the ratio that fertilizer accounts for compound is about 0.2%.

Five, stalk compound is carried out to composting three week of general fermentation, want temperature control, turning therebetween, with lime, regulate potential of hydrogen.Fermentation reactor system is surveyed internal temperature therebetween and is arrived 50 ^.c will climb reactor startup cooling or turning, no matter time number of times.By the potential of hydrogen of pH value test paper test mixing material, be 7.5 to 8 values, repeatedly turning mixing tune is sufficient for the not enough lime that adds on a small quantity.

Six, the stalk compound after generality fermentation is carried out to the fermentation of the film covering type limit and produce high-temperature sterilization.Every two heaps of stalk mixing stockpile after generality fermentation are also made to a pile, and surface coverage plastics film ferments, allow and ferment to limit top temperature (take and no longer raise as the limit), may arrive 70 ^.the temperature of about C, allows top temperature continue turning after two hours, replaces surperficial stalk and mixes and expect that carrying out the limit in the middle of heap ferments and to top temperature, after 2 hours, climb reactor startup and lower the temperature, and limit fermentation and sterilization task completes.

Seven, divide threading film pouch to move into mushroom house the stalk compound after limit fermentation and carry out mushroom bacterial classification inoculation cultivation.

Claims

1. stalk fermentation is made the method for mushroom compost, it is characterized in that step is carried out in the following way: one, gather or purchase stalk; Two, with stalk stamp mill, smash into corn stalk to pieces chip; Three, prepare smooth, broad, clean fermentation place; Four, stalk chip and a small amount of water, fertilizer are mixed into the mixed fermentation material that humidity is suitable; Five, compound is carried out to composting three week of general fermentation, want temperature control, turning therebetween, with lime, regulate potential of hydrogen; Six, the stalk compound after generality fermentation is carried out to the fermentation of the film covering type limit and produce top temperature sterilizing; Seven, the stalk compound after limit fermentation is divided to put into and move into mushroom house after film pouch and carry out mushroom bacterial classification inoculation cultivation.