CN103899301A - Wireless measurement while drilling system and method - Google Patents
Wireless measurement while drilling system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103899301A CN103899301A CN201210587198.9A CN201210587198A CN103899301A CN 103899301 A CN103899301 A CN 103899301A CN 201210587198 A CN201210587198 A CN 201210587198A CN 103899301 A CN103899301 A CN 103899301A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wireless measurement while drilling system and method. The system comprises an underground instrument and a ground system. The underground instrument comprises an electromagnetic wave measurement while drilling device used for carrying out measurement while drilling through electromagnetic waves, a drilling fluid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device used for carrying out measurement while drilling through drilling fluid pressure, and a transmitting and receiving machine connected to the electromagnetic wave measurement while drilling device and the drilling fluid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device and used for controlling switching of the work modes of the underground instrument according to signals from the ground system. The work modes comprise an electromagnetic wave transmission mode and a drilling fluid pressure pulse mode. The ground system is compatible with demodulating and decoding of the two work modes and is used for carrying out digital signal processing on the signals generated under the electromagnetic wave transmission mode and/or the drilling fluid pressure pulse mode. According to the system, well logging combination of different transmission modes is achieved, and underground working of the two modes can be selected at the same time or underground working of one mode can be selected according to needs. The system is flexible, compatible and high in applicability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to measurement while drilling field, in particular to a kind of wireless drilling measuring system and method.
Background technology
Wireless Measurement-while-drilling Technology can be divided into according to transmission medium difference: mud-pressure pulses measurement while drilling (Mud Pulse Measurement While Drilling, referred to as the current MWD that is referred to as of MP-MWD(, below all be called MWD)) and electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement (Electromagnetic Measurement While Drilling, referred to as EM-MWD).The former is take drilling fluid as transmission medium, and the latter is transmission medium take stratum, and the two has different separately features, mutually supplements and becomes the main tool that current wireless drilling is measured.Separately, also comprise nearly drill bit measuring technique according to measurement while drilling apart from bit location, nearly drill bit is measured and wireless drilling measurement system incorporates, nearly the parameter such as drill bit orientation gamma, azimuthal resistivity, hole deviation transfers to ground, and in geosteering application, (particularly in thin layer oil and gas development) is significant.For sake of convenience, hereinafter by mud-pressure pulses measurement-while-drilling system referred to as MWD, electromagnetic wave while-drilling measuring system is referred to as EM-MWD.Introduce respectively the pluses and minuses of above-mentioned three kinds of measuring techniques below.
MWD, can steady operation under drilling medium condition take mud, have become fast, the most most widely used Wireless Measurement-while-drilling Technology of domestic development.For example, in the situation of because it is had relatively high expectations to medium, change at medium but (, compressibility enhancing, absorption well leak stopping etc.) its application is restricted; Simultaneously low, the power-equipment rapid wear of MWD transfer rate, use cost are higher.
It is less that EM-MWD is affected by drilling medium, in foam drilling and easily overcome the limitation of MWD in absorption well, have simultaneously transfer rate high, easily realize the advantages such as two-way communication.But it is larger that EM-MWD is affected by formation resistivity, high resistant, height are led stratum all affects its transmission degree of depth.
Common measurement while drilling is all generally to carry out after screw rod, far away apart from drill bit, and due to survey mark, to depart from drill bit far away, the easy off-design track of the process that leads in real time, special especially inconvenience in the exploitation of thin layer petroleum resources.Nearly drill bit measuring technique makes measurement while drilling more approach bit location, in leading in real time, more easily controls the travel track of drill bit in reservoir.
At present, domestic only have MWD large-scale development and application, and along with the successful development of electromagnetic wave while-drilling measuring system, the nearly drill bit measuring technique that domestic some company or enterprise carry out has obtained remarkable progress.But, in correlation technique MWD drilling medium is had relatively high expectations and transfer rate low, EM-MWD transfer rate is high but affected by formation resistivity larger, to this, not yet proposes effective solution.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of wireless drilling measuring system and method, at least to solve in correlation technique, MWD drilling medium is had relatively high expectations and transfer rate low, EM-MWD transfer rate is high but be subject to formation resistivity to affect larger problem.
According to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of wireless drilling measuring system, comprised downhole instrument and ground system, wherein, downhole instrument comprises: electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism, for utilizing electromagnetic wave to carry out measurement while drilling; Drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device, carries out measurement while drilling for the pressure that utilizes drilling fluid; Device for sending and receiving, be connected to electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism and drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device, conversion for basis from the signal controlling downhole instrument mode of operation of ground system, wherein, above-mentioned mode of operation comprises: electromagnetic transmission pattern, drilling liquid pressure pulse mode; Demodulation and the decoding of ground system compatible electromagnetism ripple transmission mode and drilling liquid pressure pulse mode, for carrying out Digital Signal Processing to the signal producing under the signal producing under electromagnetic transmission pattern and/or drilling liquid pressure pulse mode.
Preferably, downhole instrument also comprises: nearly drill bit measurement mechanism, be positioned at screw rod and press close to below the position of drill bit, be connected to electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism and drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device, for carrying out the collection of nearly drill bit data, and nearly drill bit data send to electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism and/or drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device.
Preferably, nearly drill bit measurement mechanism comprises: nearly bit sensors group, for gathering nearly drill bit data; Wireless short pass transmitter module, is connected to nearly bit sensors group, for sending nearly drill bit data to electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism and/or drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device.
Preferably, nearly bit sensors group comprise following one of at least: azimuthal resistivity sensor, orientation gamma sensor, deviation sensor.
Preferably, downhole instrument also comprises: wireless short pass receiver module, be connected to electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism and drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device, for receiving nearly drill bit data from nearly drill bit measurement mechanism, and nearly drill bit transfer of data to electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism and/or drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device; Sensor group, be connected to electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism and drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device, for the signal under perception electromagnetic transmission pattern or drilling liquid pressure pulse mode, and signal is sent to electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism or drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device.
Preferably, the sensor group comprise following one of at least: direction finder pipe nipple, gamma pipe nipple, pressure measxurement pipe nipple.
Preferably, electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism comprises insulated antenna, emitter pipe nipple and insulating short section, wherein, emitter pipe nipple, be set to that power is optional according to actual needs, for the signal from sensor group is carried out to coded modulation processing, and launch signal after treatment by insulated antenna terrestrial system; Insulating short section, hang or lower key mode in employing, in the time adopting lower key mode, the two ends of insulating short section connect respectively reed-type bow type centralizer, by reed-type bow type centralizer, the output of emitter are fed to insulated antenna the two poles of the earth.
Preferably, drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device comprises drive circuit and impulse generator, wherein, drive circuit, for to the coding that is shifted from the signal of sensor group, the pressure that drive-pulse generator produces drilling fluid changes.
Preferably, ground system comprises: antenna, for receiving the signal of electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism transmission; Well mouth sensor, changes for the pressure of perception drilling fluid, and pressure is changed and is converted to electric impulse signal; Terrestrial interface case, be connected to antenna and Well mouth sensor, electric impulse signal for the signal to antenna reception and/or the conversion of well head sensing carries out hardware signal processing and Digital Signal Processing, demodulation and the decoding of the transmission of terrestrial interface case compatible electromagnetism ripple and two kinds of mode of operations of drilling liquid pressure pulse.
Preferably, terrestrial interface case comprises: embedded system, for the data that receive are carried out to Digital Signal Processing, Digital Signal Processing comprise following one of at least: amplification, collection, digital filtering, decoding; Hardware handles circuit, for the data that receive are carried out to hardware signal processing, described hardware signal processing comprise following one of at least: amplification, collection, filtering.
Preferably, ground system also comprises: driller's display, be connected to Well mouth sensor and terrestrial interface case, for being sent to terrestrial interface case from Well mouth sensor Information Monitoring, and show information with the form of being scheduled to, wherein, the information of collection comprise following one of at least: vertical pressure, suspending weight, winch, pump punching.
Preferably, ground system also comprises: computer, is connected to terrestrial interface case, for utilizing modular software control wireless drilling measuring system; Recorder, is connected to computer, for recording the measurement result of wireless drilling measuring system.
Preferably, in the time that electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism adopts lower key mode, instrument string top is connected in series the reed-type bow type centralizer joint with fishing head, this reed-type bow type centralizer joint with fishing head is positioned at insulating short section top, emitter pipe nipple is positioned at insulating short section bottom, the bottom serial connection reed-type bow type centralizer joint of this emitter pipe nipple, battery pipe nipple adopts special centering guide joint, and all the other pipe nipples adopt general centralizer sub; In the time that drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device adopts lower key mode, instrument string top is connected in series the centralizer sub with fishing head, and battery pipe nipple adopts special centering guide joint, and all the other pipe nipples adopt general centralizer sub.
Preferably, downhole instrument also comprises: battery module, be used to electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism, drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device and nearly drill bit measurement mechanism power supply, battery module possesses the automatic detection record function of battery power, and centralizer sub arranges pernicious gas bleeder.
According to a further aspect in the invention, provide a kind of wireless drilling measuring method, having comprised: determine the mode of operation of carrying out measurement while drilling, wherein, above-mentioned mode of operation has comprised: electromagnetic transmission pattern, drilling liquid pressure pulse mode; Carry out measurement while drilling according to definite mode of operation.
Preferably, carrying out measurement while drilling according to mode of operation comprises: if mode of operation is electromagnetic transmission pattern, emitter in electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism carries out coded modulation processing to the signal from sensor group, and launch signal after treatment by insulated antenna terrestrial system, terrestrial interface case in ground system passes through antenna receiving signal, and signal is processed to recover data; If mode of operation is drilling liquid pressure pulse mode, drive circuit in drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device is to the coding that is shifted from the signal of sensor group, the pressure that drive-pulse generator produces drilling fluid changes, the pressure of the Well mouth sensor perception drilling fluid in ground system changes, and pressure is changed and is converted to electric impulse signal, terrestrial interface case processes to recover data to electric impulse signal.
Preferably, in the time that the nearly drill bit of needs is measured, said method also comprises: the wireless short pass receiver module that is arranged in screw rod top sends instruction by the wireless short pass transmitter module to nearly drill bit measurement mechanism, indicates nearly drill bit measurement mechanism to carry out the collection of nearly drill bit data; The information of the nearly bit sensors group collection in nearly drill bit measurement mechanism is carried out after data encoding, carrier modulation, driving through wireless short pass transmitter module, launch to stratum with electromagnetic wave form, wireless short pass receiver module receives this electromagnetic signal and electromagnetic signal is decoded and data recovery, sends data to emitter or drive circuit by bus.
By the present invention, realize the well logging combination of different transmission mode, can select well operations under electromagnetic transmission pattern and drilling liquid pressure pulse mode simultaneously, can also carry out according to demand electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement or drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling.Between the two, well compatibility is convenient to site operation, adopts same sensor, same power supply mode, only need to accept or reject some unit, has annotated flexibility and compatibility that system forms, has stronger applicability.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing described herein is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, forms the application's a part, and schematic description and description of the present invention is used for explaining the present invention, does not form inappropriate limitation of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is according to the structured flowchart of the wireless drilling measuring system of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structured flowchart of wireless drilling measuring system according to the preferred embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is according to the flow chart of the wireless drilling measuring method of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the principle of compositionality block diagram of wireless drilling measuring system according to the preferred embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the theory diagram of downhole instrument according to the preferred embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 is the theory diagram of ground system according to the preferred embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7 is the computer software pie graph of ground system according to the preferred embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 8 is according to the structural representation of the electromagnetic wave while-drilling measuring system of correlation technique;
Fig. 9 is the structural representation of wireless drilling measuring system (electromagnetic transmission pattern) according to the preferred embodiment of the invention;
Figure 10 is the structural representation of wireless drilling measuring system (drilling liquid pressure pulse mode) according to the preferred embodiment of the invention;
Figure 11 is inter-train pause and position grouping coding schematic diagram according to the preferred embodiment of the invention;
Figure 12 is 3 pulses according to the preferred embodiment of the invention and first pulse schematic diagram in starting position, gap;
Figure 13 is the schematic diagram of the PPM of electromagnetic transmission pattern according to the preferred embodiment of the invention decoding;
Figure 14 is the decoding schematic diagram of drilling liquid pressure pulse mode according to the preferred embodiment of the invention;
Figure 15 eliminates the Method And Principle schematic diagram that pump punching is disturbed according to the preferred embodiment of the invention.
The specific embodiment
It should be noted that, in the situation that not conflicting, the feature in embodiment and embodiment in the application can combine mutually.Describe below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments the present invention in detail.
In correlation technique, MWD and EM-MWD respectively have pluses and minuses, MWD drilling medium is had relatively high expectations and transfer rate low, EM-MWD transfer rate is high but affected by formation resistivity larger.For this reason, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of wireless drilling measuring system, and Fig. 1 is according to the structured flowchart of the wireless drilling measuring system of the embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in Figure 1, this system comprises: downhole instrument 12 and ground system 14.
Wherein, downhole instrument 12 comprises: electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism 122, for utilizing electromagnetic wave to carry out measurement while drilling; Drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device 124, carries out measurement while drilling for the pressure that utilizes drilling fluid; Device for sending and receiving 126, be connected to electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism 122 and drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device 124, conversion for basis from the signal controlling downhole instrument mode of operation of ground system 14, wherein, above-mentioned mode of operation comprises: electromagnetic transmission pattern, drilling liquid pressure pulse mode; Demodulation and the decoding of ground system 14 compatible electromagnetism ripple transmission modes and drilling liquid pressure pulse mode, for carrying out Digital Signal Processing to the signal producing under the signal producing under electromagnetic transmission pattern and/or drilling liquid pressure pulse mode.
By the wireless drilling measuring system of above-described embodiment, realize the well logging combination of different transmission mode, well operations under electromagnetic transmission pattern and drilling liquid pressure pulse mode can be selected simultaneously, electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement or drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling can also be carried out according to demand.Between the two, well compatibility is convenient to site operation, adopt same sensor, same power supply mode, only need to accept or reject some unit, annotate flexibility and compatibility that system forms, drilling medium, stratum, drilling technology etc. are had to stronger applicability.
Consider and sometimes need nearly drill bit to measure, in a preferred embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, downhole instrument 12 also comprises: nearly drill bit measurement mechanism 128, be positioned at screw rod and press close to below the position of drill bit, be connected to electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism 122 and drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device 124, for carrying out the collection of nearly drill bit data, and nearly drill bit data send to electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism 122 and/or drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device 124.
In a preferred embodiment, nearly drill bit measurement mechanism 128 comprises: nearly bit sensors group, for gathering nearly drill bit data; Wireless short pass transmitter module, is connected to nearly bit sensors group, for sending nearly drill bit data to electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism and/or drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device.Above-mentioned nearly bit sensors group comprise following one of at least: azimuthal resistivity sensor, orientation gamma sensor, deviation sensor, gather respectively the parameters such as azimuthal resistivity, orientation gamma, hole deviation.
For electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism 122 and drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device 124(for example, can adopt conventional mud-pressure pulses measurement while drilling), except completing the parts of function separately, the two also has some global facilities, such as sensor, battery etc.In a preferred embodiment, downhole instrument 12 also comprises: wireless short pass receiver module, be connected to electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism 122 and drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device 124, for receiving nearly drill bit data from nearly drill bit measurement mechanism 128, and nearly drill bit transfer of data to electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism 122 and/or drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device 124; Sensor group, be connected to electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism 122 and drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device 124, for the signal under perception electromagnetic transmission pattern or drilling liquid pressure pulse mode, and signal is sent to electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism 122 or drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device 124.
Preferably, the sensor group comprise following one of at least: direction finder pipe nipple, gamma pipe nipple, pressure measxurement pipe nipple.
The main composition of electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism 122 and drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device 124 is described respectively below.
(1) electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism
Electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism 122 comprises insulated antenna, emitter pipe nipple and insulating short section, wherein, emitter, be set to that power is optional according to actual needs, be used for carrying out coded modulation processing from the signal of sensor group (global facility of electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism 122 and drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device 124), and launch signal after treatment by insulated antenna terrestrial system; Insulating short section, hang or lower key mode in employing, in the time adopting lower key mode, the two ends of insulating short section connect respectively reed-type bow type centralizer, by reed-type bow type centralizer, the output of emitter are fed to insulated antenna the two poles of the earth.
Wherein, it is optional that emitter is set to several power, selects according to the actual requirements output power of transmitter, can greatly save battery power consumption, improves actual stream time.
(2) drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device
Drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device 124 comprises drive circuit and impulse generator, wherein, drive circuit, for to the coding that is shifted from the signal of sensor group, the pressure that drive-pulse generator produces drilling fluid changes.
In the time that electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism 122 adopts lower key mode, instrument string top is connected in series the reed-type bow type centralizer joint with fishing head, this reed-type bow type centralizer joint with fishing head is positioned at insulating short section top, emitter pipe nipple is positioned at insulating short section bottom, the bottom serial connection reed-type bow type centralizer joint of this emitter pipe nipple, battery pipe nipple adopts special centering guide joint, and all the other pipe nipples adopt general centralizer sub; In the time that drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device 124 adopts lower key mode, instrument string top is connected in series the centralizer sub with fishing head, and battery pipe nipple adopts special centering guide joint, and all the other pipe nipples adopt general centralizer sub.Can salvage and reduce construction risk.
Preferably, downhole instrument 12 also comprises: battery module, be used to electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism 122, drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device 124 and nearly drill bit measurement mechanism 128 to power, battery module possesses the automatic detection record function of battery power, and centralizer sub arranges pernicious gas bleeder.In practical application, while tripping out instrument from shaft bottom, open bleed off hole screw at well head, discharge pernicious gas.
As shown in Figure 2, ground system 14 comprises: antenna 142, the signal transmitting for receiving electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism 122; Well mouth sensor 144, changes for the pressure of perception drilling fluid, and pressure is changed and is converted to electric impulse signal; Terrestrial interface case 146, be connected to antenna 142 and Well mouth sensor 144, the electric impulse signal of changing for signal that antenna 142 is received and/or well head sensing 144 carries out hardware signal processing and Digital Signal Processing, demodulation and the decoding of the 146 compatible electromagnetism ripples transmission of terrestrial interface case and two kinds of mode of operations of drilling liquid pressure pulse.
Preferably, terrestrial interface case 146 comprises embedded system, by embedded system, the data that receive is carried out to Digital Signal Processing, Digital Signal Processing comprise following one of at least: amplification, collection, digital filtering, decoding; Hardware handles circuit, for the data that receive are carried out to hardware signal processing, hardware signal processing comprise following one of at least: amplification, collection, filtering.
In a preferred embodiment, ground system 14 also comprises: driller's display, be connected to Well mouth sensor and terrestrial interface case, for being sent to terrestrial interface case from Well mouth sensor Information Monitoring, and show information with the form of being scheduled to, wherein, the information of collection comprise following one of at least: vertical pressure, suspending weight, winch, pump punching.
Computer, is connected to terrestrial interface case, for utilizing modular software control wireless drilling measuring system; Recorder, is connected to computer, for recording the measurement result of wireless drilling measuring system.
In fact, said system is the combination (also can be called wireless drilling and measure hybrid system) to existing MWD, EM-MWD and nearly drill bit measuring technique, realizes the design of wireless drilling measuring system global concept.On the basis that some parts are wherein optimized, take into full account the compatibility between three, can provide complete wireless drilling measuring system for user, thereby provide comprehensive, more thoughtful, more effective technological service for petrol resources exploitation.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of wireless drilling measuring method, and the method realizes measurement while drilling based on above-mentioned wireless drilling measuring system.Fig. 3 is according to the flow chart of the wireless drilling measuring method of the embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 3, comprise that following step S302 is to step S304.
Step S302, determines the mode of operation of carrying out measurement while drilling, and wherein, above-mentioned mode of operation comprises: electromagnetic transmission pattern, drilling liquid pressure pulse mode.
Step S304, carries out measurement while drilling according to definite mode of operation.
In step S304, if mode of operation is electromagnetic transmission pattern, emitter in electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism carries out coded modulation processing to the signal from sensor group, and launch signal after treatment by insulated antenna terrestrial system, terrestrial interface case in ground system passes through antenna receiving signal, and signal is processed to recover data; If mode of operation is drilling liquid pressure pulse mode, drive circuit in drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device is to the coding that is shifted from the signal of sensor group, the pressure that drive-pulse generator produces drilling fluid changes, the pressure of the Well mouth sensor perception drilling fluid in ground system changes, and pressure is changed and is converted to electric impulse signal, terrestrial interface case processes to recover data to electric impulse signal.
In the time that the nearly drill bit of needs is measured, based on the system that is provided with nearly drill bit measurement mechanism 128, said method can also comprise: the wireless short pass receiver module that is arranged in screw rod top sends instruction by the wireless short pass transmitter module to nearly drill bit measurement mechanism, indicates nearly drill bit measurement mechanism to carry out the collection of nearly drill bit data; The information of the nearly bit sensors group collection in nearly drill bit measurement mechanism is carried out after data encoding, carrier modulation, driving through wireless short pass transmitter module, launch to stratum with electromagnetic wave form, wireless short pass receiver module receives this electromagnetic signal and electromagnetic signal is decoded and data recovery, sends data to emitter or drive circuit by bus.
It should be noted that, the detailed wireless drilling measuring method based on above-mentioned wireless drilling measuring system can be learnt according to above-mentioned description to the method and the structure of wireless drilling measuring system, repeat no more herein.
In order to make technical scheme of the present invention and implementation method clearer, below in conjunction with preferred embodiment, its implementation procedure is described in detail.
Fig. 4 is the principle of compositionality block diagram of wireless drilling measuring system according to the preferred embodiment of the invention.As shown in Figure 4, this wireless drilling measuring system is made up of downhole instrument and ground system two large divisions.Downhole instrument is mainly made up of EM-MWD unit, MWD unit, nearly drill bit measuring unit, sensor unit and battery pack etc.Ground system is mainly made up of industrial computer, terrestrial interface case, recorder, ground-plane antenna, Well mouth sensor and driller's display etc.The demodulation code of the compatible two kinds of working method signals of ground system.
In this preferred embodiment, the operating principle of downhole instrument is as follows:
Downhole instrument adopts standard serial bus (RS-485), can articulate at most 32 terminal devices, by distributing different addresses to identify.Downhole instrument work is controlled by direction finder pipe nipple, starts the transmission of each frame data by vibroswitch state or automatic operation agreement.In the time adopting electromagnetic wave while-drilling pattern, through emitter encode, modulation, power amplification, launch by insulated antenna, transmit earthward through stratum and drill string, terrestrial interface case passes through antenna receiving signal, amplify, collection, filtering, decoding recover data, is sent to computer, carries out curve, data show and record.In the time adopting drilling liquid pressure pulse working mode, direction finder pipe nipple is sent to the impulse generator drive circuit coding that is shifted by data by bus, serial shift pulse control drives discharging and recharging of energy storage device, discharge pulse drive-pulse generator electromagnetic valve or stepper motor etc. are to change drilling fluid channel capacity, thereby producing drilling fluid channel pressure changes, Well mouth sensor sensed pressure changes and is restored to electric impulse signal, and terrestrial interface case gathers, filtering and decoding recover data.It should be noted that, device for sending and receiving, under quiescent conditions, can receive ground-launched signal, controls the conversion of downhole instrument mode of operation.
In the time that the nearly drill bit of needs is measured, nearly drill bit survey tool is placed in screw rod presses close to the position of drill bit below, nearly bit sensors measurement parameter is launched to stratum with electromagnetic wave form after wireless short pass transmitter module carries out data encoding, carrier modulation, driving, wireless short pass receiver module is placed in screw rod top, receive signal and decode and data recovery, and by bus, data are sent to emitter or pulse driving circuit.The wireless short pass receiver module that is placed in screw rod top can, by sending instruction to wireless short pass transmitter module, carry out the collection of nearly drill bit data.
This preferred embodiment takes into full account itself and the compatibility of system and the design of electrical apparatus interface, and as shown in Figure 5, downhole instrument is mainly made up of following part the theory diagram of downhole instrument:
(1) EM-MWD unit: comprise insulated antenna, emitter pipe nipple, insulating short section.
Wherein, insulated antenna is realized seriation, tetra-kinds of outside dimensions of Φ 178mm/ Φ 165mm/ Φ 121mm/ Φ 202mm, and its satisfied requirement of strength can be with reference to table 1 below.Insulaion resistance is greater than 20k Ω under drying regime.
Insulating short section can have two kinds of mounting meanss, and one is upper hang, and one is lower key mode.When upper suspension, insulating short section is fixedly mounted in insulated antenna and is formed antenna assembly by top, and instrument string is suspended in hanging pup joint.Between hanging pup joint and insulated antenna, connect by single core connector, emitter feed is fixed with instrument hanging position to antenna the two poles of the earth feed through insulated antenna top.Insulating short section when lower seat key adopts reed-type bow type centralizer to the feed of insulated antenna, and insulating short section two ends connect respectively reed-type bow type centralizer, by this centralizer, emitter output is fed to insulated antenna the two poles of the earth.Its insulating short section form of structure can directly adopt insulation materials to realize insulation, top spring chip bow type centralizer upper design fishing head, and insulation materials intensity can meet the pulling force while salvaging.Separately, under drying regime, insulaion resistance is greater than 1M Ω.
Transmitter power can be made as 8W, 4W, tri-kinds of 1W are optional, can select according to actual needs, for example, in the time that the degree of depth of well is very shallow or stratum electromagnetic wave attenuation is very little, can adopt 1W power; Dark or decay adopts 4W when larger; When the degree of depth greatly or decay is very large, preferably adopt 8W.Select so according to the actual requirements output power of transmitter, can greatly save battery power consumption, improve downhole instrument stream time.
(2) MWD unit comprises impulse generator, drive circuit.
Impulse generator and drive circuit thereof can be selected universal positive pulse generator, and it is simple in structure, be convenient to safeguard, occupation rate of market is higher, technology maturation; Also can select negative pulse impulse generator or continuous wave impulse generator.
(3) CU common unit comprises sensor, battery pack etc.Sensor comprises direction finder pipe nipple, natural gamma pipe nipple/orientation gamma pipe nipple, pressure measxurement pipe nipple (annular pressure pipe nipple) etc.
Battery pack, aspect Functional Design, is provided with battery power and automatically monitors writing function; Adopt single string battery-powered; Go into the well in the two crosstalk ponds (can be referred to as A, B) of once going into the well at every turn, A is work initiatively, detects battery power and exhaust and automatically switch to B, and this process is irreversible; Battery pack can also in parallel be used, and uses when tackling high power work.
Battery pack is aspect safe design, and output current is less than rated current, when instantaneous large-current, can not be greater than its maximum allowed current value; The design of centralizer sub pernicious gas bleed off, while tripping out instrument, open bleed off hole screw at well head from shaft bottom, discharges pernicious gas.
(4) nearly drill bit measuring unit comprises: the formations such as wireless short pass receiver module, wireless short pass transmitter module, orientation gamma sensor, azimuthal resistivity sensor, deviation sensor and battery pack.
(5) auxiliary unit comprises: reed-type bow type centralizer joint, reed-type bow type centralizer joint, a lower key asembly, hanging pup joint (drill collar joint) and suspension joint, centralizer sub and the centralizer with fishing head etc. with fishing head.
Wherein, upper suspension assembly comprises hanging pup joint (drill collar joint), suspension joint etc., mainly refers to EM-MWD pattern, between suspension joint and insulated antenna built-in insulation pipe nipple, adopts single-core plug seat connected mode to be connected, and facilitates field joint.
Lower seat key asembly comprises guide shoe joint, seat key pipe nipple.Design ensures after the two docking, just can pull out a keyed jointing head, anti-anti-avulsion key while only having pulling force to be greater than certain pulling force.
Be placed in instrument string top with the reed-type bow type centralizer of fishing head and be connected with insulating short section, the while is as the feed of EM-MWD antenna positive pole; Reed-type bow type centralizer is placed in the feed of the following emitter of insulating short section bottom as insulated antenna negative pole, design ensures the large contact surface of trying one's best, reduce as far as possible and drill collar or antenna between contact resistance, contact area, reed material and elasticity power are to determine the principal element of contact resistance.Take into account various factors and ensure that contact resistance is less than 0.1 Ω.Reed-type bow type centralizer with fishing head is connected by screw thread and directly connects with insulating short section.It should be noted that, fishing head is according to drilling through by type design.Reed-type bow type centralizer with fishing head is placed in instrument string top, plays righting and salvaging and feed effect.
Battery special centering guide joint (band unloads and is placed with harmful gas orifice) design, by opening screw at centralizer sub, screw special, diameter guarantees to be not less than 1cm, supporting screw special unloading instrument.
It should be noted that, only under EM-MWD when seat key pattern, top centralizer adopts the reed-type bow type centralizer with fishing head, and the centralizer sub on emitter is connected in series reed-type bow type centralizer, battery pipe nipple adopts special centering guide joint, and all the other pipe nipples adopt general centralizer sub.Under MWD, when seat modeling formula, top adopts the centralizer sub with fishing head, battery pipe nipple employing special centering guide joint, and all the other pipe nipples all adopt general centralizer sub.
In this preferred embodiment, the operating principle of ground system is as follows:
The compatible drilling liquid pressure pulse of terrestrial interface case, two kinds of working methods of electromagnetic transmission.When in electromagnetic transmission pattern, terrestrial interface case receives from potential difference signal between pit shaft and reference electrode, amplification, filtering, collection, Digital Signal Processing, demodulating and decoding and data are recovered, and complete according to this electromagnetic transmission is received with the ground of boring signal.When in drilling liquid pressure pulse working mode, Well mouth sensor obtains pressure change signal by driller's display, through cable interface box transmission earthward, terrestrial interface case is by signal processing, comprise that amplification, filtering, demodulating and decoding recover data, complete the reception of drilling liquid pressure pulse-mode signal thus.Terrestrial interface case and computer carry out exchanges data by USB mouth or other communication mode.Driller's display is by bus and terrestrial interface case swap data.Driller's display is both as well head data, figure, the real-time show tools of word, again as Well mouth sensor signals collecting center.The information of driller's display collection comprises: vertical pressure, suspending weight, winch, pump punching etc., and as required by related data interface box transmission earthward.
In the time determining record one, pressure sensor signal and depth information are directly provided by logging, need to consider the design of data-interface, as by WITS(Wellsite Information Transfer Specification), the directly acquisition such as network or other bus.System sensor information is more, and drilling information service can be provided.
Fig. 6 is the theory diagram of ground system according to the preferred embodiment of the invention, and as shown in Figure 6, the built-in embedded system of terrestrial interface case, installs Digital Signal Processing, decoding software etc.; Be provided with the degree of depth, Well mouth sensor message processing module, and provide sensor information through fieldbus to main frame; Be provided with bi-directional communication modules; Terrestrial interface case carries out data communication by USB (Universal Serial Bus, referred to as USB) or LAN (Local Area Network, referred to as LAN) with main frame; Carry out data communication by controller local area network (Controller Area Network, referred to as CAN) bus and driller's display; Amplifier gain, pattern switching, function control etc. realize programme-controlled.
Driller's display gathers center as Well mouth sensor, has data message, graphical display function concurrently.Winch, suspending weight, vertical pressure sensor etc. carry out data acquisition with driller's display by cable or wireless network, finally transferring to terrestrial interface case by driller's display cable processes, the vertical input information of pressing is to embedded system, carry out drilling liquid pressure pulse decoding, out of Memory penetration depth processing module.
Terminal device is as industrial computer, recorder, display etc.The built-in engineering application software of industrial computer, general design of software requires modularization, menu mode structure, and has developed geosteering software.Its software pie graph as shown in Figure 7, comprises following function: human-computer dialogue viewfinder operation interface; Automatic depth is followed the tracks of; Well track representation function; Real-time curve data show; Tool-face figure shows in real time; Geosteering; Processing, record and the file etc. of data.
Known by this preferred embodiment, above-mentioned wireless drilling measuring system has been annotated flexibility and compatibility that system forms, might not this system once go into the well, can be according to demand on Practical Project, determine that downhole tool adopts drilling fluid pulse with boring or electromagnetic wave while-drilling, between the two, well compatibility is convenient to site operation, adopts same sensor, same power supply mode, only need to accept or reject some unit.Simultaneity factor is backward compatible nearly drill bit measures and electromagnetism with drilling through letter relay, there is stronger applicability.
The index of the preferred wireless drilling measuring system shown in Fig. 4 is as follows:
A, measurement category and precision are as follows: hole deviation: 0～180 ° ± 0.2 °; Orientation: 0～360 ± 1.0 °; Tool-face: 0～360 ± 1.5 °; Gamma: 0～500API ± 7%; Pressure: 0～105MPa ± 0.5%FS;
B, maximum operation temperature: 125 ℃/150 ℃;
C, maximum environment stress: 105MPa;
D, instrument external diameter: Φ 48mm;
E, insulated antenna intensity (as shown in table 1):
Table 1 insulated antenna intensity index table
F, antivibration: 20g rms30～300Hz(is random); 30g50～300Hz(sine); Shock resistance: 1000g/0.5ms;
G, stream time are greater than 200h;
H, electromagnetism are with boring stratum accommodation: 2 Ω m～1000 Ω m;
I, drilling liquid pressure pulse require (take mud as example) with boring to drilling fluid: 10～55 liters/second of mud displacements; Mud signal intensity 0.5MPa～2.0MPa; Mud viscosity≤140s (funnel viscosity); Mud is containing husky < 1%; Mud density≤1.7 gram/cc.
Introduce the structural manufacturing process design of above-mentioned wireless drilling measuring system below in conjunction with preferred embodiment.Wireless drilling measuring system described in the embodiment of the present invention has following features in technological design: the design of fishing head, lower key asembly design, bow type centralizer joint design etc.
Wireless drilling measuring system is with the mounting means of a lower key, although can realize the salvaging property of instrument, but the matching problem of inner inserting tube and outside drilling tool length is particularly important simultaneously, particularly for electromagnetic transmission mode, insulated antenna is substantially corresponding with the status requirement of insulating short section, brought some troubles to practice of construction like this, internal measurement instrument pipe nipple just need to be connected in series the through track pipe nipple of series length and adjust length, to meet the installation site requirement of instrument.
In correlation technique, electromagnetic wave while-drilling measuring system (for example, SEMWD-2000 electromagnetic wave while-drilling measuring system) what adopt is the form of structure of upper suspension, its form of structure as shown in Figure 8, insulated antenna 803 bottoms connect non magnetic drill collar 801 by drill collar joint 802, insulating short section 804 bottom Connection Block keyed jointing heads 805, seat keyed jointing head 805 is connected with emitter pipe nipple 806, emitter pipe nipple 806 bottoms connect battery pipe nipple 807, are connected with directed inserting tube pipe nipple 809, gamma pipe nipple 810 and seal plug 811 after battery pipe nipple 807.Its advantage is that instrument feed connects reliably, and particularly instrument does not exist a possibility for de-key in level well logging section, makes instrument work more reliable.Shortcoming is that after drilling well has an accident, instrument can not be salvaged, and has increased the potential risk that instrument uses.
Lower bond structure form of wireless drilling measuring system of the present invention (electromagnetic transmission pattern) as shown in Figure 9, when wireless drilling measuring system adopts electromagnetic transmission mode, its feeding classification adopts reed-type bow type centralizer to realize, upper arcuate centralizer (going up centralizer 905) is realized electrical connection with the upper end of insulated antenna 903, lower arcuate centralizer (descending centralizer 908) is realized electrical connection with the lower end of insulated antenna 903, diameter dimension and elastic force after reed is installed will be selected suitably, should guarantee that electrical connection is good, facilitate again instrument to transfer installation.The top of insulated antenna 903 connects upper drill collar joint 904, bottom connects non magnetic drill collar 902, non magnetic drill collar 902 bottom Connection Block key pipe nipples 901, it is insulating short section that upper centralizer 905 is connected to isolator 906(), isolator 906 bottoms connect emitter pipe nipple 907, emitter pipe nipple 907 bottoms connect lower centralizer 908, and lower centralizer 908 bottoms connect battery pipe nipple 909, are connected with direction finder pipe nipple 910, gamma pipe nipple 911, pressure pipe nipple 912 and guide shoe parts 913 after battery pipe nipple 909.
Lower bond structure form of wireless drilling measuring system of the present invention (drilling liquid pressure pulse mode) as shown in figure 10, on the basis of electromagnetic transmission pattern, increase pulse signal generator (pipe nipple) 1008, remove insulated antenna, insulating short section and bow type centralizer joint, lower seat keyed jointing head 1001 and inserting tube (being directed inserting tube pipe nipple 1004), battery (being battery pipe nipple 1005) are all constant, can realize connection and the well logging of instrument.Directed inserting tube pipe nipple 1004 tops connect fishing head 1003, are connected with gamma pipe nipple 1006, hole deviation pipe nipple 1007, pulse signal generator 1008 and guide shoe pipe nipple 1009 after battery pipe nipple 1005.Drilling liquid pressure pulse mode also can adopt upper suspension form, but needs to select the impulse generator of adaptation.
Introduce data communication and the Data Transport Protocol of wireless drilling measuring system below in conjunction with the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
1, about address assignment
All tests and measureing equipment are all distributed to address, as the mark of each unit in recognition system.Specific definition can, with reference to table 2, it should be noted that, the definition mode shown in table 2 is only a preferred embodiment, and the present invention is not limited to which, also can adopt other feasible mode.
The each element address of table 2 system allocation table
| Unit | Address word (XXH) | Remarks |
| Industrial computer | 00H | ? |
| Emitter | 01H | ? |
| Direction finder | 02H | ? |
| With boring gamma instrument | 03H | ? |
| Instrument for Pressure | 04H | ? |
| Orientation gamma | 05H | ? |
| Wireless short pass receiver | 06H | ? |
| Electromagnetic resistivity | 07H | ? |
| ? | ? | Retain for subsequent use |
| ? | ? | Retain for subsequent use |
| ? | ? | Retain for subsequent use |
| ? | ? | Retain for subsequent use |
| ? | ? | Retain for subsequent use |
| ? | ? | ? |
| Depth module | 0EH | ? |
| Driller's display | 0FH | ? |
2, about communications command
System data communication command standard form is as shown in table 3.
Table 3 system communication command standard form shfft
| Destination address | Command word | Source address | Frame | Tail code |
| XXH(TB8=1) | XXH | XXH | Data | FFH(TB8=1) |
System command collection is as shown in table 4.
Table 4 system command collection table
| Command property | Command word | Remarks |
| Peek | C0H | ? |
| Send out number | C1H | ? |
| |
C2H | Emitter (impulse generator) receives frame data |
| Reply 2 | C3H | Emitter (impulse generator) has been launched a frame signal |
| Memory reading | C4H | Memory data reads |
| Memory data | C5H | Memory data |
| Clockreading | C6H | ? |
| Clock data | C7H | ? |
| Clock setting | C8H | ? |
| ? | C9H | ? |
| ? | CAH | ? |
| ? | CBH | ? |
| ? | CCH | ? |
| ? | CDH | ? |
| ? | CEH | ? |
| Initialization command | CFH | Initialization setting before all downhole instruments are gone into the well |
3, about system transport protocol
System transmitting data frame form is as shown in table 5, and the definition of mode word is as shown in table 6.Wherein, S is frame synchronization head, identifies as Frame; F is mode word, the characteristic of representative data frame; 0～Data
(N-1)represent actual transmissions frame valid data collection; R is postamble.
Table 5 data transmission frames form shfft
| Synchronous head | Mode word | Number pick collection | Tail code |
| S | F(XH) | 0～Data (N-1) | R |
Table 6 mode word definition table
| F | Number pick frame |
| 0H | Magnetic instrument and |
| 1H | Gravity tool-face |
| 2H | The static full number pick of measuring |
| 3H | Hole deviation+orientation |
| 4H | Magnetic instrument and+gamma |
| 5H | Gravity tool-face+gamma |
| 6H | Magnetic instrument and+gamma+pressure |
| 7H | Gravity instrument and+gamma+pressure |
| 8H | ? |
| 9H | ? |
| AH | ? |
| BH | ? |
| DH | ? |
| EH | ? |
| FH | ? |
Illustrate above-mentioned data frame format below, when delivery means face, Frame is as shown in table 7, and static full measured data frame is as shown in table 8.
Table 7 tool-face Frame table
| Synchronous head | Mode word | Frame | Tail code |
| S | 4b(0H?or01H) | 12b | R |
The static full measured data frame table of table 8
| Synchronous head | Mode word | Tool-face | Hole deviation | Magnetic field and | Orientation | Gravity and | Temperature | Voltage | Tail code |
| S | 4b(2H) | 12b | 12b | 12b | 12b | 12b | 12b | 4b | R |
4, about chnnel coding and decoding
A, chnnel coding principle
For electromagnetic wave while-drilling pattern, carrier wave is that 3.125Hz/5Hz/6.25Hz/10Hz/12.5Hz/15Hz is optional; Modulation system is pulse position modulation (Pulse Position Modulation, referred to as PPM) or the strong control of difference phase shift (Differential Phase Shift Keying, referred to as DPSK).PPM coded format is as shown in table 9, and DPSK coded format is as shown in table 10.
Table 9PPM coded format table
| Synchronous head S | Mode word F(4b) | D 0（4b） | ? | D （N-1）（4b） | Tail code R |
| W 0+2T0+W 0 | （4T+3T*F）0W 0 | （4T+3T*D 0）0+W 0 | … | （4T+3T*D （N-1））0+W 0 | ＞3T0 |
PPM is pulse position coded system, the width representative data size (4b) at carrier wave sequence interval.The carrier wave sequence of this system standard can be the carrier signal in six cycles; Its synchronous head S can be two intervals, and 2T(T represents carrier cycle) carrier wave sequence; Tail code is continuous two carrier wave sequence (also can not need).In table 9,0 indicates without waveform output, W
0=6TW, i.e. the wave train of 6 carrier cycles, D
0～D
(N-1)represent N 4 bit binary data.
Data representation method can be as follows: 4T interval represents 0000B, and data often add 1 increase 3T time delay.
The coding of data is as follows: Frame is become after data encoding to the binary data of N 4b, then go to control the size of carrier wave sequence interval time delay.Terrestrial interface case, through detection, shaping, is realized decoding by calculating interpulse period.
Table 10DPSK coded format table
| Synchronous head S | Mode word F | D 0 | ? | D （N-1） | |
| 4 " 0 "+1110010(Bark horses) | （4b） | （12b） | … | (12b) | 4“0” |
DPSK is the strong control of difference phase shift, the saltus step representative " 1 " of phase place, constant i.e. representative " 0 " (or the saltus step of phase place representative " 0 ", constant i.e. representative " 1 ").First Frame becomes binary data stream through data encoding, and data flow, through displacement judgement, is controlled the variation of carrier phase.
The symbol width that system is chosen is as follows: τ=4/f
c～2/f
c, wherein, f
cfor carrier frequency, τ represents symbol width.Bit rate is as follows: R
c=f
c/ 4～f
c/ 2.
When DPSK modulation, the synchronous head S of Frame is 4 " 0 "+7 Barker codes of front guiding (1110010), and the tail code of Frame is 4, butt tail " 0 ".
For drilling liquid pressure pulse mode, can adopt PPM basic coding mode, as shown in table 11.
Table 11 drilling fluid pulse basic coding form shfft
| Synchronous head S | Mode word F(4b) | D 0（4b） | (4b) | D （N-1）（4b） | Tail code R |
| TP+T0+TP+T0+TP | (2T+F*T)0+TP | (2T+D 0*T)0+TP | … | （2T+D （N-1）*T）0+TP | ＞2T0 |
In table 11, T is pulse width; TP represents that pulsewidth is the positive pulse of T; T0 represents that width is 0 of T; D
0～D
(N-1)represent N 4 bit binary data; The size of pulse position determination data, namely pulse spacing size determination data size.
Certainly, also can adopt assembly coding mode (position by control impuls between gap), Figure 11 is inter-train pause and position grouping coding schematic diagram according to the preferred embodiment of the invention, and in figure, P represents pulse position, and S represents gap.Adopt binary coding mode 6bits data should have 64 kinds of possible coding situations, adopt assembly coding mode in 15 gaps, to use 3 pulses can produce 84 kinds of situations that meet coding convention, wherein, partial data in the situation of the particular location in 15 gaps as shown in figure 12, in Figure 12, × represent value, empty and--represent combinational gap.
Assembly coding mode tool has the following advantages: 1) the Data Update time is fixed, and pulse position coding can only be given an interval; 2), in identical information situation, impulse generator action frequency reduces.The shortcoming of assembly coding is that coding and decoding is relatively complicated.
B, decoding principle
Electromagnetic transmission pattern PPM decodes as shown in figure 13, first logical through a series of hardware band, anti-aliasing filter and have limit for length's unit impulse response wave filter (Finite Impulse Response, be called for short FIR) filtering, carry out again envelope detection, the pulse of formation rule after shaping, decoding is to identify to recover data by paired pulses size interval time and coding rule.Waveform in Figure 13 after the first behavior digital filtering, waveform after the second behavior detection, the third line is the waveform after shaping.
Electromagnetic transmission pattern DPSK decoding adopts differential coherent demodulation principle.Stream of data symbols is directly exported in differential coherent demodulation, realizes decoding by bit decision procedure identification synchronous head and data flow, repeats no more herein.
Drilling liquid pressure pulse mode PPM decoding principle as shown in figure 14, containing noisy signal waveform (from standpipe pressure sensor), through FIR filtering, wavelet transformation etc., carry out shaping pulse, finally recover data by calculating size interpulse period and rule, in Figure 14, the first row represents original waveform, the second line display signals and associated noises, the third line represents signals and associated noises to carry out filtered signal, and fourth line represents the waveform after shaping.In the time existing pump punching to disturb in system interference, need to carry out the counteracting of this type of interference.Figure 15 eliminates the Method And Principle schematic diagram that pump punching is disturbed according to the preferred embodiment of the invention, pump punching is disturbed as periodic pulse train, the pump collecting while mourning in silence by instrument rushes interference sequence, extracts periodic reference signal, carries out pump rush Interference Cancellation according to the principle shown in Figure 15.
In sum, the wireless drilling measuring system and the method that provide according to the above embodiment of the present invention, realize the well logging combination of different transmission mode, well operations under electromagnetic transmission pattern and drilling liquid pressure pulse mode can be selected simultaneously, electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement or drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling can also be carried out according to demand.Between the two, well compatibility is convenient to site operation, adopts same sensor, same power supply mode, only need to accept or reject some unit, has annotated flexibility and compatibility that system forms, has stronger applicability.Realize the combination that MWD, EM-MWD, nearly drill bit are measured three kinds of technology, will certainly in petrol resources exploitation, play a greater role, had a tremendous social and economic benefits simultaneously.
Obviously, those skilled in the art should be understood that, above-mentioned of the present invention each module or each step can realize with general calculation element, they can concentrate on single calculation element, or be distributed on the network that multiple calculation elements form, alternatively, they can be realized with the executable program code of calculation element, thereby, they can be stored in storage device and be carried out by calculation element, or they are made into respectively to each integrated circuit modules, or the multiple modules in them or step are made into single integrated circuit module to be realized.Like this, the present invention is not restricted to any specific hardware and software combination.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (17)
1. a wireless drilling measuring system, comprises downhole instrument and ground system, it is characterized in that,
Described downhole instrument comprises:
Electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism, for utilizing electromagnetic wave to carry out measurement while drilling;
Drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device, carries out measurement while drilling for the pressure that utilizes drilling fluid;
Device for sending and receiving, be connected to described electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism and described drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device, conversion for basis from downhole instrument mode of operation described in the signal controlling of described ground system, wherein, described mode of operation comprises: electromagnetic transmission pattern, drilling liquid pressure pulse mode;
Demodulation and the decoding of the compatible described electromagnetic transmission pattern of described ground system and described drilling liquid pressure pulse mode, for carrying out Digital Signal Processing to the signal producing under the signal producing under described electromagnetic transmission pattern and/or described drilling liquid pressure pulse mode.
2. wireless drilling measuring system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described downhole instrument also comprises:
Nearly drill bit measurement mechanism, be positioned at screw rod and press close to below the position of drill bit, be connected to described electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism and described drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device, for carrying out the collection of nearly drill bit data, and described nearly drill bit data are sent to described electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism and/or described drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device.
3. wireless drilling measuring system according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described nearly drill bit measurement mechanism comprises:
Nearly bit sensors group, for gathering described nearly drill bit data;
Wireless short pass transmitter module, is connected to described nearly bit sensors group, for sending described nearly drill bit data to described electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism and/or described drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device.
4. wireless drilling measuring system according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described nearly bit sensors group comprise following one of at least: azimuthal resistivity sensor, orientation gamma sensor, deviation sensor.
5. wireless drilling measuring system according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described downhole instrument also comprises:
Wireless short pass receiver module, be connected to described electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism and described drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device, for receiving the nearly drill bit data from described nearly drill bit measurement mechanism, and give described electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism and/or described drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device by described nearly drill bit transfer of data;
Sensor group, be connected to described electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism and described drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device, for the signal under electromagnetic transmission pattern described in perception or described drilling liquid pressure pulse mode, and described signal is sent to described electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism or described drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device.
6. wireless drilling measuring system according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described sensor group comprise following one of at least: direction finder pipe nipple, gamma pipe nipple, pressure measxurement pipe nipple.
7. wireless drilling measuring system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism comprises insulated antenna, emitter pipe nipple and insulating short section, wherein,
Described emitter pipe nipple, is set to that power is optional according to actual needs, carries out coded modulation processing, and launch signal after treatment by described insulated antenna to described ground system for the signal to from sensor group;
Described insulating short section, hang or lower key mode in employing, in the time adopting lower key mode, the two ends of described insulating short section connect respectively reed-type bow type centralizer, by described reed-type bow type centralizer, the output of described emitter are fed to described insulated antenna the two poles of the earth.
8. wireless drilling measuring system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device comprises drive circuit and impulse generator, wherein, described drive circuit, for to the coding that is shifted from the signal of sensor group, drive described impulse generator to produce the pressure variation of drilling fluid.
9. wireless drilling measuring system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described ground system comprises:
Antenna, for receiving the signal of described electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism transmission;
Well mouth sensor, changes for the pressure of drilling fluid described in perception, and described pressure is changed and is converted to electric impulse signal;
Terrestrial interface case, be connected to described antenna and described Well mouth sensor, electric impulse signal for the signal to described antenna reception and/or the conversion of described well head sensing carries out hardware signal processing and Digital Signal Processing, demodulation and the decoding of the compatible described electromagnetic transmission of described terrestrial interface case and two kinds of mode of operations of described drilling liquid pressure pulse.
10. wireless drilling measuring system according to claim 9, is characterized in that, described terrestrial interface case comprises:
Embedded system, for the data that receive are carried out to Digital Signal Processing, described Digital Signal Processing comprise following one of at least: amplification, collection, digital filtering, decoding;
Hardware handles circuit, for the data that receive are carried out to hardware signal processing, described hardware signal processing comprise following one of at least: amplification, collection, filtering.
11. wireless drilling measuring systems according to claim 9, is characterized in that, described ground system also comprises:
Driller's display, be connected to described Well mouth sensor and described terrestrial interface case, for being sent to described terrestrial interface case from described Well mouth sensor Information Monitoring, and show described information with the form of being scheduled to, wherein, the information of described collection comprise following one of at least: vertical pressure, suspending weight, winch, pump punching.
12. wireless drilling measuring systems according to claim 9, is characterized in that, described ground system also comprises:
Computer, is connected to described terrestrial interface case, for utilizing wireless drilling measuring system described in modular software control;
Recorder, is connected to described computer, for recording the measurement result of described wireless drilling measuring system.
13. according to the wireless drilling measuring system described in any one in claim 1 to 12, it is characterized in that,
In the time that described electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism adopts lower key mode, instrument string top is connected in series the reed-type bow type centralizer joint with fishing head, the described reed-type bow type centralizer joint with fishing head is positioned at insulating short section top, emitter pipe nipple is positioned at described insulating short section bottom, the bottom serial connection reed-type bow type centralizer joint of described emitter pipe nipple, battery pipe nipple adopts special centering guide joint, and all the other pipe nipples adopt general centralizer sub;
In the time that described drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device adopts lower key mode, instrument string top is connected in series the centralizer sub with fishing head, and battery pipe nipple adopts special centering guide joint, and all the other pipe nipples adopt general centralizer sub.
14. according to the wireless drilling measuring system described in any one in claim 1 to 12, it is characterized in that, described downhole instrument also comprises:
Battery module, be used to described electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism, described drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device and described nearly drill bit measurement mechanism power supply, described battery module possesses the automatic detection record function of battery power, and centralizer sub arranges pernicious gas bleeder.
15. 1 kinds of wireless drilling measuring methods, is characterized in that comprising:
Determine the mode of operation of carrying out measurement while drilling, wherein, described mode of operation comprises: electromagnetic transmission pattern, drilling liquid pressure pulse mode;
Carry out measurement while drilling according to the described mode of operation of determining.
16. wireless drilling measuring methods according to claim 15, is characterized in that, carry out measurement while drilling comprise according to described mode of operation:
If described mode of operation is electromagnetic transmission pattern, emitter in electromagnetic wave while-drilling measurement mechanism carries out coded modulation processing to the signal from sensor group, and launch signal after treatment by insulated antenna terrestrial system, terrestrial interface case in described ground system is by signal described in antenna reception, and described signal is processed to recover data;
If described mode of operation is drilling liquid pressure pulse mode, drive circuit in drilling liquid pressure pulse measurement while drilling device is to the coding that is shifted from the signal of sensor group, the pressure that drive-pulse generator produces drilling fluid changes, described in Well mouth sensor perception in described ground system, the pressure of drilling fluid changes, and described pressure is changed and is converted to electric impulse signal, described terrestrial interface case processes to recover data to described electric impulse signal.
17. wireless drilling measuring methods according to claim 15, is characterized in that, in the time that the nearly drill bit of needs is measured, described method also comprises:
The wireless short pass receiver module that is arranged in screw rod top sends instruction by the wireless short pass transmitter module to nearly drill bit measurement mechanism, indicates described nearly drill bit measurement mechanism to carry out the collection of nearly drill bit data;
The information of the nearly bit sensors group collection in described nearly drill bit measurement mechanism is carried out after data encoding, carrier modulation, driving through described wireless short pass transmitter module, launch to stratum with electromagnetic wave form, described wireless short pass receiver module receives this electromagnetic signal and described electromagnetic signal is decoded and data recovery, by bus, described data is sent to emitter or drive circuit.
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| CN108678733A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-10-19 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十二研究所 | Nearly drill bit multi-parameter drilling measuring equipment, method and device |
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