CN103899257B - Based on the energy-conservation workover rig of two constant displacement pump or fixed displacement motor - Google Patents

Abstract

An energy-saving workover rig based on dual quantitative pumps or quantitative motors, which consists of a small power machine, a large power machine, a gearbox, a drum, a small hydraulic pump, a large hydraulic pump, a hydraulic accumulator, a small quantitative hydraulic pump or a quantitative hydraulic motor, and a large Composed of quantitative hydraulic pump or quantitative hydraulic motor, torque coupler and other parts, the small quantitative hydraulic pump or quantitative hydraulic motor, large quantitative hydraulic pump or quantitative hydraulic motor are respectively connected to a sprocket of the torque coupler through a clutch. When lifting and lowering the pipe string, three force blocks are configured, and different force blocks are used for lifting according to the weight of the lifting pipe string, which improves the power utilization rate of the power machine; according to the weight of the lowering pipe string, different force blocks are used The energy is recovered, and the energy recovery rate of the gravitational potential energy of the pipe string is improved. The installed power of the power machine is reduced by using the hydraulic accumulator to store the energy during the auxiliary operation of the power machine's hoisting pipe string for use when lifting the pipe string.

Description

Energy-saving workover rig based on dual quantitative pumps or quantitative motors

technical field

The invention relates to workover equipment in the oil and gas industry, in particular to an energy-saving workover machine based on double quantitative pumps or quantitative motors.

Background technique

One of the most common operations of workover rigs is the operation of raising and lowering pipe strings. The operation of the lifting string is an intermittent cycle process. The workover rig spends about 1/4 of the entire lifting cycle, while the time for auxiliary operations such as shackles and placing single strings takes up 3/4. Motorized hoisting strings require a power engine to work with high power, while auxiliary operations such as shackles and placement of single pipes require a power machine to work with low power. Conventional workover rigs have relatively large installed power in order to meet the needs of rapid lifting of pipe strings. The high-power power machine works under low power most of the time, the economy is poor, and the power machine wears seriously.

The pipe string is lifted from the downhole to the ground to store considerable gravitational potential energy. When the pipe string is lowered into the well, the stored gravitational potential energy will be released, and the energy is quite large. Conventional workover rigs cannot recover these energies, they can only be consumed by turning them into heat energy by means of brakes.

Therefore, there is a phenomenon of energy waste in the operation of lifting and lowering the pipe string in the conventional workover rig. The Chinese patent "Hydraulic Energy Storage Petroleum Workover Rig" with the application number of 91106336.6 can also solve this problem. This machine cancels the drum and derrick of the conventional workover rig, and uses three lifting hydraulic cylinders to lift and lower the pipe string. , The resulting disadvantages are that the three lifting hydraulic cylinders have a complex structure, a large footprint, and inconvenient installation.

The Chinese patent "Truckback Hydraulic Energy Storage Workover Rig" with application numbers 200610068974.9 and 200620010356.4 is a further improvement on the above-mentioned Chinese patent with application number 91106336.6. The oil cylinder performs the lifting and lowering operations of the pipe string. The main oil cylinder is divided into three oil chambers, the main lifting chamber A, the auxiliary oil chamber B and the auxiliary oil chamber C, the structure is complex, the manufacturing process and assembly are difficult and the cost is high.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the energy waste phenomenon of conventional workover rigs in the operation of lifting and lowering pipe strings, and at the same time overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of existing hydraulic energy storage workover rigs, the present invention provides a dual-quantitative pump or fixed-quantity motor energy-saving workover rig.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: an energy-saving workover rig based on double quantitative pumps or quantitative motors, including a small power machine, a large power machine, a gearbox, a drum, a traveling hook, a drum brake, a derrick and connecting various Some couplings and clutches are special in that they also include small hydraulic pumps, large hydraulic pumps, first check valves, second check valves, relief valves, hydraulic accumulators, first reversing valves, The second reversing valve, small quantitative hydraulic pump or quantitative hydraulic motor, large quantitative hydraulic pump or quantitative hydraulic motor, torque coupling; the described torque coupling includes a first sprocket, a second sprocket and a chain, and the first A sprocket and the second sprocket are connected through the chain; the output shaft of the small quantitative hydraulic pump or the quantitative hydraulic motor is connected with the active part of the first clutch, and the driven part of the first clutch is connected with the The first sprocket is connected; the output shaft of the large quantitative hydraulic pump or the quantitative hydraulic motor is connected with the active part of the second clutch, and the driven part of the second clutch is connected with the second sprocket; the small The high-pressure oil port of the quantitative hydraulic pump or the quantitative hydraulic motor is connected to an inlet and outlet port of the first reversing valve, and the high-pressure oil port of the large quantitative hydraulic pump or the quantitative hydraulic motor is connected to an inlet and outlet of the second reversing valve. The other oil inlet and outlet ports of the first reversing valve are respectively connected with the other oil inlet and outlet ports of the second reversing valve, the oil delivery port of the hydraulic accumulator, and the inlet and outlet of the relief valve. The oil port, the oil outlet of the first one-way valve and the oil outlet of the second one-way valve are connected; the oil inlet of the first one-way valve is connected with the high-pressure oil port of the small hydraulic pump , the oil inlet of the second check valve communicates with the high-pressure oil port of the large hydraulic pump; the output shaft of the small power machine is connected with the shaft of the small hydraulic pump, and the output shaft of the large power machine is connected with the shaft of the small hydraulic pump. The shaft of the large hydraulic pump is connected; the second sprocket is connected with the input shaft of the gearbox through a coupling.

During the auxiliary operation of the lifting column, the power machine drives the hydraulic pump to charge the hydraulic accumulator with oil to store energy. When lifting the pipe string, the power machine drives the hydraulic pump and the pressure oil in the hydraulic accumulator to enter the quantitative hydraulic pump or quantitative hydraulic motor to lift the pipe string. Therefore, the installed power of the power machine is much smaller than that of conventional workover rigs, only about 1/4 of that of conventional workover rigs. When the pipe string is lowered, the power can be turned off, and the pipe string is lowered into the well under the action of its own gravity, and at the same time, the quantitative hydraulic pump or quantitative hydraulic motor is driven to charge the hydraulic accumulator, that is, the gravitational potential energy of the pipe string becomes The pressure in the hydraulic accumulator can be stored, and the recovered energy can be used for auxiliary operations such as lifting single rods and making up buckles.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

1. Compared with the commonly used conventional workover rig, the installed power of the power machine can be reduced to 1/4 of the conventional workover rig, and the gravitational potential energy released when the pipe string is lowered can also be recovered.

2. Compared with the hydraulic energy storage workover rig, it does not adopt the lifting cylinder with complex structure, and retains the drum, derrick, gearbox, etc. of the conventional workover rig, and only adds quantitative hydraulic pumps or quantitative hydraulic motors to conventional workover rigs. A small number of components such as hydraulic accumulators can realize the same function of the hydraulic energy storage workover rig, and the cost is low.

3. In order to make full use of the energy of the power machine and avoid the phenomenon of "big horse-drawn trolley" on conventional workover rigs when lifting the pipe string, three force blocks are configured, and different force blocks are used according to the weight of the lifting pipe string Lifting improves the power utilization rate of the power machine. According to the weight of the lowered pipe string, different force blocks are used to recover energy, which improves the energy recovery rate of the gravitational potential energy of the pipe string.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing is the structural representation of the present invention.

detailed description

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Referring to the accompanying drawings, the energy-saving workover rig based on dual quantitative pumps or quantitative motors includes a small power machine 1, a large power machine 2, a gearbox 8, a drum 19, a traveling block hook 16, a drum brake 20, a derrick 24 and the connecting parts. Coupling, clutch, it also includes small hydraulic pump 3, large hydraulic pump 4, first one-way valve 10, second one-way valve 11, overflow valve 9, hydraulic accumulator, first reversing valve 21, Second reversing valve 22, small quantitative hydraulic pump or quantitative hydraulic motor 5, large quantitative hydraulic pump or quantitative hydraulic motor 6, torque coupler 7. The displacement of the small hydraulic pump 3 is smaller than that of the large hydraulic pump 4 , and the displacement of the small quantitative hydraulic pump or the quantitative hydraulic motor 5 is smaller than that of the large quantitative hydraulic pump or the quantitative hydraulic motor 6 . The hydraulic accumulator consists of a liquid storage cylinder 12 and a nitrogen bag 13. The torque coupler 7 includes a first sprocket 71, a second sprocket 72 and a chain 73, the first sprocket 71 and the second sprocket 72 are connected by the chain 73, the number of teeth of the first sprocket 71 and the second sprocket 72 equal. The output shaft of the small quantitative hydraulic pump or the quantitative hydraulic motor 5 is connected with the driving part of the first clutch 14, and the driven part of the first clutch 14 is connected with the first sprocket 71; the output shaft of the large quantitative hydraulic pump or the quantitative hydraulic motor 6 The output shaft is connected with the driving part of the second clutch 15 , and the driven part of the second clutch 15 is connected with the second sprocket 72 . The high-pressure oil port of the small quantitative hydraulic pump or quantitative hydraulic motor 5 is connected to an oil inlet and outlet port of the first reversing valve 21, and the high-pressure oil port of the large quantitative hydraulic pump or quantitative hydraulic motor 6 is connected to an oil inlet and outlet of the second reversing valve 22. port, another oil inlet and outlet port of the first reversing valve 21 is respectively connected with another oil inlet and outlet port of the second reversing valve 22, the oil delivery port of the hydraulic accumulator, the oil inlet of the relief valve 9, the first unit The oil outlet of the directional valve 10 communicates with the oil outlet of the second one-way valve 11 . The oil inlet of the first check valve 10 communicates with the high pressure oil port of the small hydraulic pump 3 , and the oil inlet of the second check valve 11 communicates with the high pressure oil port of the large hydraulic pump 4 . The output shaft of the small power machine 1 is connected with the shaft of the small hydraulic pump 3, and the output shaft of the large power machine 2 is connected with the shaft of the large hydraulic pump 4. The second sprocket 72 is connected with the input shaft 23 of the gearbox 8 through the coupling 17 . The gearbox 8 can realize two positive gears and one reverse gear when the pipe column is lifted. The gear 83 and the gear 85 are idle on the input shaft 23, and the meshing sleeve 88 is located between the gears 83 and 85. The left and right sides of the meshing sleeve 88 Toggle to realize the engagement of gear 83 or gear 85 respectively, so as to realize the output of power by gear 84 or gear 86, and realize two positive gears; Cover 89 is toggled to the right to realize the engagement of gear 87, and the output shaft is reversed by the output power of gear 86, thereby realizing reverse gear. The power output by the gearbox 8 drives the drum 19 to rotate through the coupling 18, and lifts the pipe column through the traveling block hook 16.

Because when the pipe string is hoisted, the weight of the pipe string changes and gradually decreases. In order to make full use of the energy of the power machine and avoid the phenomenon of "big horse and small cart" existing on conventional workover rigs, three power blocks are configured. When lifting a small-weight pipe string, use the small power gear composed of the small power machine 1 and the small quantitative hydraulic pump or quantitative hydraulic motor 5; when lifting a medium-weight pipe string, use the large power machine 2 and the large quantitative hydraulic pump or quantitative The middle force gear formed by the hydraulic motor 6 adopts the high force gear formed by two power machines 1, 2 and two quantitative hydraulic pumps or quantitative hydraulic motors 5, 6 when lifting the heavy pipe string. In this way, "big horse-drawn carts, small horse-drawn carts" can be realized, making full use of energy and saving energy.

The working process of the hoisting string under the high gear is as follows. During the auxiliary operation of the lifting column, the first reversing valve 21 and the second reversing valve 22 are placed in the upper position, the drum brake 20 brakes the drum 19, and the power machines 1 and 2 respectively drive the hydraulic pumps 3 and 4 to the hydraulic pressure. The accumulator is filled with oil to store energy. When lifting the pipe column, select the appropriate gearbox gear, place the first reversing valve 21 and the second reversing valve 22 in the lower position, release the drum brake 20, and the power machines 1 and 2 drive the hydraulic pumps 3 and 4 and The pressure oil in the hydraulic accumulator enters two quantitative hydraulic pumps or quantitative hydraulic motors 5 and 6 together, drives the quantitative hydraulic pumps or quantitative hydraulic motors 5 and 6 to rotate, and then drives the drum 19 to rotate through the torque coupling 7 and gearbox 8 , through the traveling block hook 16 to lift the string. Therefore, the total power of power machines 1 and 2 is greatly reduced compared with conventional workover rigs, and is only about 1/4 of conventional workover rigs.

The working process of the hoisting string under the medium force gear is as follows. The small power machine 1 is shut down, the first reversing valve 21 is placed in the upper position, and the clutch 14 is disengaged. During the auxiliary operation of the lifting column, the second reversing valve 22 is placed in the upper position, the drum brake 20 brakes the drum 19, and the large power machine 2 drives the large hydraulic pump 4 to charge oil in the hydraulic accumulator to store energy. When lifting the pipe column, select the appropriate gearbox gear, place the second reversing valve 22 in the lower position, release the drum brake 20, and the large power machine 2 drives the large hydraulic pump 4 to drive together with the pressure oil in the hydraulic accumulator The large quantitative hydraulic pump or quantitative hydraulic motor 6 rotates, and then the drum 19 is driven to rotate through the gearbox 8, and the pipe string is lifted through the hook 16 of the traveling block.

The working process of the hoisting string under the small force gear is as follows. The large power machine 2 is shut down, the second reversing valve 22 is placed on the upper position, and the clutch 15 is disengaged. During the auxiliary operation of the lifting column, the first reversing valve 21 is placed in the upper position, the drum brake 20 brakes the drum 19, and the small power machine 1 drives the small hydraulic pump 3 to charge oil in the hydraulic accumulator to store energy. When lifting the pipe column, select the appropriate gearbox gear, place the first reversing valve 21 in the lower position, release the drum brake 20, and the small power machine 1 drives the small hydraulic pump 3 to drive together with the pressure oil in the hydraulic accumulator The small quantitative hydraulic pump or the quantitative hydraulic motor 5 rotates, and then the drum 19 is driven to rotate through the torque coupler 7 and the gearbox 8, and the column is lifted through the traveling block hook 16.

When hoisting the pipe string at a certain power gear, when the weight of the pipe string to be lifted is small, the gear 85 is engaged by moving the engagement sleeve 88, and the power is output by the gear 86, that is, the high gear of the gearbox is used for quick lifting. Lift. When the weight of the hoisted pipe string is relatively large, the gear 83 is engaged by stirring the engagement sleeve 88, and the power is output by the gear 84, that is, the low gear of the gearbox is used for hoisting.

When the pipe string is lowered, the weight of the pipe string also changes and gradually increases. The weight of the pipe string lowered at the beginning is very light, and the two quantitative hydraulic pumps or quantitative hydraulic motors are not engaged to work at this time. As the weight of the lowering pipe string increases, the small quantitative hydraulic pump or the quantitative hydraulic motor 5 is engaged to work, and the gravitational potential energy released by the lowering of the pipe string is recovered under the small force gear. When the weight of the pipe string increases to a certain extent, the large quantitative hydraulic pump or the quantitative hydraulic motor 6 is engaged to work, and the gravitational potential energy released by the lowering of the pipe string is recovered under the middle force gear. When the weight of the pipe string increases to a certain level, the two quantitative hydraulic pumps or quantitative hydraulic motors 5 and 6 are connected to work at the same time, and the gravitational potential energy released by the lowering of the pipe string is recovered under the high gear position. At this time, the gravitational potential energy recovered is the most.

Now take the lowering of the pipe string under the vigorous gear as an example to illustrate the specific operation process. When lowering the pipe string, the power machines 1 and 2 are turned off, the clutches 14 and 15 are engaged, the first reversing valve 21 and the second reversing valve 22 are both placed in the lower position, a suitable gearbox gear is selected, and the drum brake 20 is released. The column is lowered into the well under its own gravity, and the drum 19 is rotated at the same time. The rotation of the drum 19 drives two quantitative hydraulic pumps or quantitative hydraulic motors 5, 6 through the gearbox 8, the torque coupling 7, and the engaged clutches 14 and 15 Rotate at the same time, at this time, the two quantitative hydraulic pumps or quantitative hydraulic motors 5 and 6 work in the pump mode, filling the hydraulic accumulator with oil, that is, changing the gravitational potential energy of the pipe string into the pressure energy in the hydraulic accumulator store it up. This part of the recovered energy can be reused to complete the work during the auxiliary operation, such as completing the lifting of a single operation, driving the oil pipe tongs to buckle up, driving the compressor, and providing energy for operating clutches and brakes, etc. In the past, these tasks were all done by power machines, but now they are done by recovering energy, which greatly saves energy.

The process of lowering the pipe string in the small force gear and lowering the middle force gear is similar to the process of lowering the pipe string in the high force gear, except that when the string is lowered in the small force gear, the clutch 15 is always separated, and the first The second reversing valve 22 is placed in the upper position; when the string is lowered under the middle power gear, the clutch 14 is always disengaged, and the first reversing valve 21 is placed in the upper position all the time.

When lowering the pipe string at a certain power gear, when the weight of the lowered pipe string is less, the gear 85 is engaged by stirring the engagement sleeve 88, and the power is output by the gear 85, that is, the high gear of the gearbox is lowered. When the weight of the pipe column to be lowered was larger, the gear 83 was engaged by stirring the engagement sleeve 88, and the output power of the gear 83 was lowered with the low gear of the gearbox.

Claims (2)

1. based on the energy-conservation workover rig of two constant displacement pump or fixed displacement motor, comprise low-power machine (1), large engine (2), gearbox (8), cylinder (19), hook block (16), roll brake (20), the shaft coupling of derrick (24) and connection each several part, clutch, characterized by further comprising primary hydraulic pump (3), large hydraulic pump (4), first one way valve (10), second one way valve (11), overflow valve (9), hydraulic accumulator, first reversal valve (21), second reversal valve (22), little quantitative hydraulic pump or constant displacement hydraulic motor (5), large quantitative hydraulic pump or constant displacement hydraulic motor (6), moment coupling device (7), described moment coupling device (7) comprises the first sprocket wheel (71), the second sprocket wheel (72) and chain (73), and described first sprocket wheel (71) is connected by described chain (73) with described second sprocket wheel (72), the output shaft of described little quantitative hydraulic pump or constant displacement hydraulic motor (5) is connected with the active part of first clutch (14), and the secondary part of first clutch (14) is connected with described first sprocket wheel (71), the output shaft of described large quantitative hydraulic pump or constant displacement hydraulic motor (6) is connected with the active part of second clutch (15), and the secondary part of second clutch (15) is connected with described second sprocket wheel (72), the high pressure hydraulic fluid port of described little quantitative hydraulic pump or constant displacement hydraulic motor (5) is communicated with an oily port of turnover of described first reversal valve (21), the high pressure hydraulic fluid port of described large quantitative hydraulic pump or constant displacement hydraulic motor (6) is communicated with an oily port of turnover of described second reversal valve (22), another of described first reversal valve (21) passes in and out oily port and passes in and out oily port with another of described second reversal valve (22) respectively, the oil transportation mouth of described hydraulic accumulator, the oil-in of described overflow valve (9), the oil-out of described first one way valve (10) is connected with the oil-out of described second one way valve (11), the oil-in of described first one way valve (10) is communicated with the high pressure hydraulic fluid port of described primary hydraulic pump (3), and the oil-in of described second one way valve (11) is communicated with the high pressure hydraulic fluid port of described large hydraulic pump (4), the output shaft of described low-power machine (1) is connected with the axle of described primary hydraulic pump (3), and the output shaft of described large engine (2) is connected with the axle of described large hydraulic pump (4), described second sprocket wheel (72) is connected by the power shaft of shaft coupling with described gearbox (8).

2. the energy-conservation workover rig based on two constant displacement pump or fixed displacement motor according to claim 1, is characterized in that described hydraulic accumulator is by storing fluid cylinder (12) and nitrogen bag (13) forms.