CN103887955B - The combining inverter of suppression fuel cell output low frequency current ripples and control device - Google Patents
The combining inverter of suppression fuel cell output low frequency current ripples and control device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种抑制燃料电池输出低频电流纹波的并网逆变器及控制装置，并网逆变器包括燃料电池FC，升压变换器、全桥逆变器、LCL滤波器。控制装置包括电压传感器、电流传感器以及DSP数字控制器。其中，升压变换器是由防逆流二极管、输入滤波电容Cin、滤波电感LB、电力MOSFET以及输出电容CDC构成；全桥逆变器由四个电力MOSFET构成；LCL滤波器由一个电容C1和两个电感L1和L2构成；DSP数字控制器包括比例器、锁相环、减法器、PI调节器、乘法器、加法器、信号发生器、比较器和反相器。本发明通过构建升压型变换器实现了输入侧和输出侧的能量解耦，并保证输入侧的电流不含低频纹波；降低了并网逆变器的造价，提高了功率变换效率，非常适合燃料电池发电的电能变换装置。
The invention discloses a grid-connected inverter and a control device for suppressing low-frequency current ripple output by a fuel cell. The grid-connected inverter includes a fuel cell FC, a boost converter, a full-bridge inverter, and an LCL filter. The control device includes a voltage sensor, a current sensor and a DSP digital controller. Among them, the boost converter is composed of anti-backflow diode, input filter capacitor C in , filter inductor L B , power MOSFET and output capacitor C DC ; the full-bridge inverter is composed of four power MOSFETs; the LCL filter is composed of a capacitor C 1 and two inductors L 1 and L 2 form; DSP digital controller includes proportional, phase-locked loop, subtractor, PI regulator, multiplier, adder, signal generator, comparator and inverter. The invention realizes the energy decoupling between the input side and the output side by constructing a boost converter, and ensures that the current on the input side does not contain low-frequency ripples; reduces the cost of the grid-connected inverter, improves the power conversion efficiency, and is very A power conversion device suitable for fuel cell power generation.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种可抑制燃料电池输出低频电流纹波的并网逆变器及其控制装置，属于电力电子变换器及其控制技术领域。The invention relates to a grid-connected inverter capable of suppressing low-frequency current ripple output by a fuel cell and a control device thereof, and belongs to the technical field of power electronic converters and control thereof.
背景技术Background technique
为应对分布式电源并网发电对电网造成的各种不利影响，并最大化的利用分布式电源的优势，近年来人们提出了交流微电网的概念。为了保证交流微电网的稳定运行，需要采用不同形式的分布式电源形成优势互补，如光伏电池、风电机组、蓄电池和燃料电池。由于燃料电池运行不受环境变化影响，因此燃料电池对微电网的稳定运行作用尤其明显。交流微电网中，燃料电池所发电能经过变换后并网，并带动一定的本地负载。研究表明，如果燃料电池输出电流中400Hz以下低频分量超过燃料电池输出电流的4%时，燃料电池将受到损坏。当单相并网逆变器将燃料电池所发电能送入电网时，电网侧的功率波动会波及到燃料电池的输出侧，从而在燃料电池的输出电流中含有较大成分的低频分量，危及到燃料电池的安全。In order to deal with various adverse effects of distributed power grid-connected power generation on the power grid, and to maximize the use of the advantages of distributed power, the concept of AC micro-grid has been proposed in recent years. In order to ensure the stable operation of the AC microgrid, it is necessary to use different forms of distributed power sources to form complementary advantages, such as photovoltaic cells, wind turbines, batteries and fuel cells. Since the operation of the fuel cell is not affected by environmental changes, the role of the fuel cell in the stable operation of the microgrid is particularly obvious. In the AC microgrid, the energy generated by the fuel cell is transformed and connected to the grid, and drives a certain local load. Studies have shown that if the low-frequency component below 400Hz in the output current of the fuel cell exceeds 4% of the output current of the fuel cell, the fuel cell will be damaged. When the single-phase grid-connected inverter sends the power generated by the fuel cell to the grid, the power fluctuation on the grid side will spread to the output side of the fuel cell, so that the output current of the fuel cell contains a relatively large low-frequency component, which endangers to fuel cell safety.
目前，有较多的方法来抑制燃料电池输出电流的低频纹波。大多是采用DC/DC变换+DC/AC变换的两级式功率变换，将电网侧低频脉动的功率由DC/DC变换器的输出滤波电容承担，而燃料电池输出的功率保持平稳状态，两级式功率变换导致了整个系统变换效率较低。实现上述功能必须采用一些比较复杂的控制方式，如谐振控制，这些控制器设计较困难，并且难以实现数字控制，给燃料电池的并网发电提供了不稳定的因素。At present, there are many methods to suppress the low-frequency ripple of the fuel cell output current. Most of them adopt the two-stage power conversion of DC/DC conversion + DC/AC conversion, and the low-frequency pulsating power on the grid side is borne by the output filter capacitor of the DC/DC converter, while the output power of the fuel cell remains stable. The conventional power conversion leads to low conversion efficiency of the whole system. To realize the above functions, some more complex control methods must be adopted, such as resonance control. These controllers are difficult to design and difficult to realize digital control, which provides unstable factors for grid-connected power generation of fuel cells.
因此，寻找适合燃料电池的单级式并网逆变器及其简单的控制策略，保证电能变换的高效率、通过数字芯片控制实现整个系统的稳定运行是本发明的主要任务。Therefore, it is the main task of the present invention to find a single-stage grid-connected inverter suitable for fuel cells and its simple control strategy, to ensure high efficiency of electric energy conversion, and to realize stable operation of the entire system through digital chip control.
发明内容Contents of the invention
发明目的：针对现有燃料电池并网逆变器存在变换级数多，控制复杂的缺点，本发明将升压变换器和全桥逆变器的功率器件复用，减少了功率变换级数，提高了变换效率；将升压变换器控制在固定占空比，并保证电感电流工作于断续模式，不需要采用复杂的控制方法就可以保证燃料电池输出电流中不含低次纹波；全桥逆变器采用单极性调制方式，可有效减小滤波器的体积和重量，并可保证并网电流较高的质量。Purpose of the invention: In view of the shortcomings of the existing fuel cell grid-connected inverters, which have many conversion stages and complicated control, the present invention multiplexes the power devices of the boost converter and the full-bridge inverter, reducing the number of power conversion stages, Improve the conversion efficiency; control the boost converter at a fixed duty cycle, and ensure that the inductor current works in discontinuous mode, without using complex control methods to ensure that the output current of the fuel cell does not contain low-order ripples; The bridge inverter adopts a unipolar modulation method, which can effectively reduce the size and weight of the filter, and can ensure a higher quality of grid-connected current.
技术方案：Technical solutions:
一种抑制燃料电池输出电流低频纹波的并网逆变器，包括燃料电池FC、升压型变换器、全桥逆变器、LCL滤波器。A grid-connected inverter for suppressing the low-frequency ripple of the fuel cell output current, including a fuel cell FC, a step-up converter, a full-bridge inverter, and an LCL filter.
升压型变换器包括输入侧滤波电容、防逆流二极管、升压电感、第一开关管、第二开关管和直流输出滤波电容。输入侧滤波电容的一端接燃料电池FC的正输出端与防逆流二极管的阳极，防逆流二极管的阴极接升压电感的一端；由于升压变换器与全桥逆变器共用第一开关管与第二开关管，其特征在全桥逆变器中说明；The boost converter includes an input side filter capacitor, an anti-backflow diode, a boost inductor, a first switch tube, a second switch tube and a DC output filter capacitor. One end of the filter capacitor on the input side is connected to the positive output end of the fuel cell FC and the anode of the anti-backflow diode, and the cathode of the anti-backflow diode is connected to one end of the boost inductor; since the boost converter and the full-bridge inverter share the first switching tube and A second switching tube, the characteristics of which are described in the full bridge inverter;
全桥逆变器包括带反并二极管的第一开关管、第二开关管、第三开关管和第四开关管，第一开关管的源极与第二开关管的漏极连接，第三开关管的源极与第四开关管的漏极连接，且第一开关管的漏极连接第三开关管的漏极，第二开关管的源极连接第四开关管的源极；升压型变换器的直流输出滤波电容的一端连接在第一开关管的漏极与第三开关管的漏极之间，升压型变换器的直流输出滤波电容的另一端与第二开关管的源极、第四开关管的源极、燃料电池的负输出端、升压型变换器输入侧滤波电容的另一端共同连接；The full-bridge inverter includes a first switch tube, a second switch tube, a third switch tube and a fourth switch tube with anti-parallel diodes, the source of the first switch tube is connected to the drain of the second switch tube, and the third switch tube is connected to the drain of the second switch tube. The source of the switch tube is connected to the drain of the fourth switch tube, and the drain of the first switch tube is connected to the drain of the third switch tube, and the source of the second switch tube is connected to the source of the fourth switch tube; One end of the DC output filter capacitor of the step-up converter is connected between the drain of the first switch tube and the drain of the third switch tube, and the other end of the DC output filter capacitor of the step-up converter is connected to the source of the second switch tube. pole, the source of the fourth switching tube, the negative output terminal of the fuel cell, and the other end of the filter capacitor on the input side of the step-up converter are connected together;
LCL滤波器包含第一滤波电感、第二滤波电感和滤波电容，第一滤波电感的一端连接第一开关管的源极、第二开关管的漏极以及升压电感的一端，第一滤波电感的另一端连接LCL滤波器中滤波电容的一端与第二滤波电感的一端；第二滤波电感的另一端连接电网的火线；LCL滤波器中滤波电容的另一端连接第三开关管的源极、第四开关管的漏极以及电网的零线。The LCL filter includes a first filter inductor, a second filter inductor, and a filter capacitor. One end of the first filter inductor is connected to the source of the first switch, the drain of the second switch, and one end of the boost inductor. The first filter inductor The other end of the filter capacitor in the LCL filter is connected to one end of the filter capacitor and one end of the second filter inductor; the other end of the second filter inductor is connected to the live wire of the grid; the other end of the filter capacitor in the LCL filter is connected to the source of the third switch tube, The drain of the fourth switching tube and the neutral line of the grid.
一种抑制燃料电池输出电流低频纹波并网逆变器电路的控制装置，包括比例器、锁相环、第一减法器、第一PI调节器、乘法器、第二减法器、第二PI调节器、加法器、信号发生器、第一比较器、第二比较器、第一反相器和第二反相器；A control device for suppressing the low-frequency ripple grid-connected inverter circuit of fuel cell output current, including a proportioner, a phase-locked loop, a first subtractor, a first PI regulator, a multiplier, a second subtractor, and a second PI a regulator, an adder, a signal generator, a first comparator, a second comparator, a first inverter and a second inverter;
第一电压传感器的输入端连接在上述升压变换器输出电压UDC的两端，第二电压传感器的输入端连接在上述电网的两端，电流传感器输入端与所述LCL滤波器的第一滤波电感相串联；The input terminal of the first voltage sensor is connected to the two ends of the output voltage U DC of the above-mentioned boost converter, the input terminal of the second voltage sensor is connected to the two ends of the above-mentioned grid, and the input terminal of the current sensor is connected to the first terminal of the LCL filter. The filter inductors are connected in series;
第二电压传感器的输出端接比例器的输入端，比例器的输出端接锁相环的输入端和加法器的一个输入端；第一电压传感器的输出端接第一减法器的正输入端，第一减法器的负输入端接升压变换器的基准电压值，第一减法器的输出端接第一PI调节器的输入端；乘法器的两个输入端分别接锁相环的输出端和第一PI调节器的输出端，乘法器的输出端接第二减法器的正输入端，第二减法器的负输入端接电流传感器的输出端，第二减法器的输出端接第二PI调节器的输入端，第二PI调节器输出端接加法器的另一个输入端，加法器的输出端接第一比较器的第一输入端；信号发生器接第一比较器的第二输入端与第二比较器的第一输入端，第二比较器的第二输入端接零电位信号；第一比较器的输出端接第一反相器的输入端，第二比较器的输出端接第二反相器的输入端；第二比较器的输出信号、第二反相器的输出信号、第一比较器的输出信号、第一反相器的输出信号分别作为第一开关管、第二开关管、第三开关管与第四开关管的驱动信号。The output terminal of the second voltage sensor is connected to the input terminal of the proportional device, and the output terminal of the proportional device is connected to the input terminal of the phase-locked loop and an input terminal of the adder; the output terminal of the first voltage sensor is connected to the positive input terminal of the first subtractor , the negative input terminal of the first subtractor is connected to the reference voltage value of the boost converter, the output terminal of the first subtractor is connected to the input terminal of the first PI regulator; the two input terminals of the multiplier are respectively connected to the output of the phase-locked loop terminal and the output terminal of the first PI regulator, the output terminal of the multiplier is connected to the positive input terminal of the second subtractor, the negative input terminal of the second subtractor is connected to the output terminal of the current sensor, and the output terminal of the second subtractor is connected to the first Two input terminals of the PI regulator, the output terminal of the second PI regulator is connected to the other input terminal of the adder, and the output terminal of the adder is connected to the first input terminal of the first comparator; the signal generator is connected to the second input terminal of the first comparator Two input ends and the first input end of the second comparator, the second input end of the second comparator is connected to the zero potential signal; the output end of the first comparator is connected to the input end of the first inverter, and the second comparator's The output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the second inverter; the output signal of the second comparator, the output signal of the second inverter, the output signal of the first comparator, and the output signal of the first inverter are respectively used as the first switch The driving signals of the second switch tube, the third switch tube and the fourth switch tube.
并网逆变器在稳态工作时，其中的升压变换器的占空比固定在0.5，并且工作在电流断续模式，燃料电池的输出电流仅由升压变换器的输入电压和输出电压确定，其中不含低频成分，因此可保证燃料电池较长的寿命以及充分的容量利用率；全桥逆变器与升压变换器共用两个开关管，有效降低了系统的成本。When the grid-connected inverter works in a steady state, the duty cycle of the boost converter is fixed at 0.5, and it works in the current discontinuous mode. The output current of the fuel cell is only determined by the input voltage and output voltage of the boost converter. It is determined that it does not contain low-frequency components, so it can ensure a long life of the fuel cell and sufficient capacity utilization; the full-bridge inverter and the boost converter share two switching tubes, which effectively reduces the cost of the system.
有益效果：采用上述方案后，本发明采用的升压与逆变复用开关器件，形成单级式功率变换，相对于传统的两级式功率变换来说，其变换效率得到了提高；另外将升压变换器设计在电感电流断续模式，可保证燃料电池的输出电流不含低次纹波，有效延长了燃料电池的寿命；全桥逆变器采用单极性调制方式，有效保证了并网电流的质量。Beneficial effects: After adopting the above scheme, the boost and inverter multiplexing switching device adopted in the present invention forms a single-stage power conversion, and compared with the traditional two-stage power conversion, its conversion efficiency is improved; in addition, the The boost converter is designed in the inductor current discontinuous mode, which can ensure that the output current of the fuel cell does not contain low-order ripples, effectively prolonging the life of the fuel cell; the full-bridge inverter adopts unipolar modulation, which effectively ensures the parallel The quality of the network current.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例的适合燃料电池的单级式并网逆变器及其数字控制装置框图；Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a single-stage grid-connected inverter suitable for a fuel cell and its digital control device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例的一个工频周期主要波形示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of main waveforms of a power frequency cycle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例在电网电压大于0且并网电流大于0时一个开关周期主要波形示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of main waveforms of a switching cycle when the grid voltage is greater than 0 and the grid-connected current is greater than 0 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例在电网电压大于0且并网电流大于0时模态1的工作原理图；Fig. 4 is a working principle diagram of mode 1 when the grid voltage is greater than 0 and the grid-connected current is greater than 0 according to the embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例在电网电压大于0且并网电流大于0时模态2的工作原理图；Fig. 5 is a working principle diagram of mode 2 when the grid voltage is greater than 0 and the grid-connected current is greater than 0 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图6为本发明实施例在电网电压大于0且并网电流大于0时模态3的工作原理图；Fig. 6 is a working principle diagram of mode 3 when the grid voltage is greater than 0 and the grid-connected current is greater than 0 according to the embodiment of the present invention;
图7为本发明实施例在电网电压大于0且并网电流大于0时模态4的工作原理图；Fig. 7 is a working principle diagram of mode 4 when the grid voltage is greater than 0 and the grid-connected current is greater than 0 according to the embodiment of the present invention;
图8为本发明实施例在电网电压大于0且并网电流大于0时模态5的工作原理图；Fig. 8 is a working principle diagram of mode 5 when the grid voltage is greater than 0 and the grid-connected current is greater than 0 according to the embodiment of the present invention;
图9为本发明实施例在电网电压大于0且并网电流大于0时模态6的工作原理图；Fig. 9 is a working principle diagram of mode 6 when the grid voltage is greater than 0 and the grid-connected current is greater than 0 according to the embodiment of the present invention;
图中符号名称：FC——燃料电池；iFC——燃料电池输出电流；Cin——燃料电池输出滤波电容；Uin——并网逆变器输入电压；LB——升压电感；iLB——升压电感电流；VD——防逆流二极管；S1-S4——第一开关管至第四开关管；iS1——第一开关管电流；iS2——第二开关管电流；CDC——升压变换器输出滤波电容；UDC——升压变换器输出电压；uAB——全桥逆变器输出电压；L1——LCL滤波器的第一滤波电感；iL1——LCL滤波器的第一滤波电感电流；L2——LCL滤波器的第二滤波电感；iG——并网逆变器的并网电流；C1——LCL滤波器的滤波电容；uC1——LCL滤波器的滤波电容电压；uG——电网电压；UDC-f——升压变换器输出电压反馈信号；uG-f——电网电压反馈信号；uG-f1——经比例调节器后的电网电压反馈信号；iL1-f——LCL滤波器的第一滤波电感的反馈信号；UDC *——升压变换器输出电压基准值信号；UDC-e——升压变换器输出电压反馈误差信号；i*——锁相环输出并网电流相位基准信号；I*——第一PI调节器输出并网电流基准幅值信号；iG *——并网电流基准信号；iG-e——并网电流反馈误差信号；ur1——第二PI调节器输出信号；ur——并网逆变器调制信号；uc——并网逆变器载波信号；uS1～uS4——开关管S1～S4的驱动信号。Symbol names in the figure: FC - fuel cell; i FC - output current of fuel cell; C in - output filter capacitor of fuel cell; U in - input voltage of grid-connected inverter; L B - boost inductor; i LB ——boost inductor current; VD——anti-backflow diode; S1-S4——first switch tube to fourth switch tube; i S1 ——first switch tube current; i S2 ——second switch tube current ; C DC —— output filter capacitor of boost converter; U DC —— output voltage of boost converter; u AB —— output voltage of full bridge inverter; L 1 —— first filter inductor of LCL filter; i L1 - the first filter inductor current of the LCL filter; L 2 - the second filter inductor of the LCL filter; i G - the grid-connected current of the grid-connected inverter; C 1 - the filter capacitor of the LCL filter ; u C1 —— filter capacitor voltage of LCL filter; u G —— grid voltage; U DC-f —— boost converter output voltage feedback signal; u Gf —— grid voltage feedback signal; u G-f1 —— The grid voltage feedback signal after the proportional regulator; i L1-f ——the feedback signal of the first filter inductance of the LCL filter; U DC * ——the output voltage reference value signal of the boost converter; U DC-e —— The boost converter outputs the voltage feedback error signal; i * ——the phase-locked loop outputs the grid-connected current phase reference signal; I * ——the first PI regulator outputs the grid-connected current reference amplitude signal; i G * ——the grid-connected Current reference signal; i Ge — grid-connected current feedback error signal; u r1 — output signal of the second PI regulator; u r — modulation signal of grid-connected inverter; u c — carrier signal of grid-connected inverter ; u S1 ~ u S4 —— the driving signal of the switching tubes S1 ~ S4.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐明本发明，应理解这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围，在阅读了本发明之后，本领域技术人员对本发明的各种等价形式的修改均落于本申请所附权利要求所限定的范围。Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further illustrate the present invention, should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, after having read the present invention, those skilled in the art will understand various equivalent forms of the present invention All modifications fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of the present application.
如图1所示，一种可抑制燃料电池输出电流低频纹波的并网逆变器电路，包括燃料电池FC、升压型变换器、全桥逆变器、LCL滤波器。以下将就其相互连接关系及组成部件进行详细说明。As shown in Figure 1, a grid-connected inverter circuit that can suppress the low-frequency ripple of the fuel cell output current includes a fuel cell FC, a boost converter, a full-bridge inverter, and an LCL filter. The following will describe its interconnection and components in detail.
升压型变换器包括输入侧滤波电容Cin，防逆流二极管VD，升压电感LB、第一开关管S1、第二开关管S2和直流输出滤波电容CDC。Cin的一端接燃料电池FC的正输出端与VD的阳极，VD的阴极接LB的一端；由于升压变换器与全桥逆变器共用的S1与S2，其特征在全桥逆变器中说明；The boost converter includes an input filter capacitor C in , an anti-backflow diode VD, a boost inductor L B , a first switch S1 , a second switch S2 and a DC output filter capacitor C DC . One end of C in is connected to the positive output end of the fuel cell FC and the anode of VD, and the cathode of VD is connected to one end of L B ; since the boost converter and the full-bridge inverter share S1 and S2, its characteristic is in the full-bridge inverter instructions in the device;
全桥逆变器包括带反并二极管的第一开关管S1、第二开关管S2、第三开关管S3和第四开关管S4，S1的源极与S2的漏极连接，S3的源极与S4的漏极连接，且S1的漏极连接S3的漏极，S2的源极连接S4的源极；升压型变换器直流输出滤波电容CDC的一端连接在S1的漏极与S3的漏极之间；升压型变换器直流输出滤波电容CDC的另一端与S2的源极、S4的源极、燃料电池FC的负输出端、升压型变换器输入侧滤波电容Cin的另一端共同连接；The full bridge inverter includes the first switching tube S1, the second switching tube S2, the third switching tube S3 and the fourth switching tube S4 with anti-parallel diodes, the source of S1 is connected to the drain of S2, and the source of S3 It is connected to the drain of S4, and the drain of S1 is connected to the drain of S3, and the source of S2 is connected to the source of S4; one end of the DC output filter capacitor C DC of the step-up converter is connected between the drain of S1 and the drain of S3 Between the drains; the other end of the DC output filter capacitor C DC of the boost converter and the source of S2, the source of S4, the negative output terminal of the fuel cell FC, and the input side filter capacitor C in of the boost converter The other end is commonly connected;
LCL滤波器包含第一滤波电感L1、第二滤波电感L2和滤波电容C1，L1的一端连接S1的源极、S2的漏极以及升压电感LB的一端，L1的另一端连接LCL滤波器中C1的一端与L2的一端；L2的另一端连接电网的火线；LCL滤波器中C1的另一端连接S3的源极、S4的漏极以及电网的零线。The LCL filter includes a first filter inductor L 1 , a second filter inductor L 2 and a filter capacitor C 1 , one end of L 1 is connected to the source of S1, the drain of S2 and one end of the boost inductor L B , the other end of L 1 One end is connected to one end of C1 in the LCL filter and one end of L2 ; the other end of L2 is connected to the live wire of the power grid ; the other end of C1 in the LCL filter is connected to the source of S3, the drain of S4 and the neutral wire of the power grid .
一种可抑制燃料电池输出电流低频纹波并网逆变器电路的控制装置，包括比例器、锁相环、第一减法器、第一PI调节器、乘法器、第二减法器、第二PI调节器、加法器、信号发生器、第一比较器、第二比较器、第一反相器和第二反相器；A control device capable of suppressing the low-frequency ripple grid-connected inverter circuit of the fuel cell output current, including a proportioner, a phase-locked loop, a first subtractor, a first PI regulator, a multiplier, a second subtractor, a second PI regulator, adder, signal generator, first comparator, second comparator, first inverter and second inverter;
第一电压传感器的输入端连接在上述升压变换器输出电压UDC的两端，第二电压传感器的输入端连接在上述电网的两端，电流传感器输入端与所述LCL滤波器的第一滤波电感相串联；The input terminal of the first voltage sensor is connected to the two ends of the output voltage U DC of the above-mentioned boost converter, the input terminal of the second voltage sensor is connected to the two ends of the above-mentioned grid, and the input terminal of the current sensor is connected to the first terminal of the LCL filter. The filter inductors are connected in series;
第二电压传感器的输出信号uG-f接比例器的输入端，比例器的输出端信号uG-f1接锁相环的输入端和加法器的一个输入端；第一电压传感器的输出端信号UDC-f接第一减法器的正输入端，第一减法器的负输入端接升压变换器的输出基准电压信号UDC *，第一减法器的输出端信号UDC-e接第一PI调节器的输入端；乘法器的两个输入端分别接锁相环的输出端信号i*和第一PI调节器的输出端信号I*，乘法器的输出端信号iG *接第二减法器的正输入端，第二减法器的负输入端接电流传感器的输出端信号iL1-f，第二减法器的输出端信号iG-e接第二PI调节器的输入端，第二PI调节器输出信号ur1接加法器的另一个输入端，加法器的输出端信号ur接第一比较器的第一输入端；信号发生器输出信号uc接第一比较器的第二输入端与第二比较器的第一输入端，第二比较器的第二输入端接零电位信号；第一比较器的输出端信号uS3接第一反相器的输入端，第二比较器的输出端信号uS1接第二反相器的输入端；第二比较器的输出信号uS1、第二反相器的输出信号uS2、第一比较器的输出信号uS3、第一反相器的输出信号uS4分别作为S1、S2、S3与S4的驱动信号。The output signal u Gf of the second voltage sensor is connected to the input end of the proportional device, and the output signal u G-f1 of the proportional device is connected to the input end of the phase-locked loop and an input end of the adder; the output signal U of the first voltage sensor DC-f is connected to the positive input terminal of the first subtractor, the negative input terminal of the first subtractor is connected to the output reference voltage signal U DC * of the boost converter, and the output signal U DC-e of the first subtractor is connected to the first The input terminal of the PI regulator; the two input terminals of the multiplier are respectively connected to the output terminal signal i* of the phase-locked loop and the output terminal signal I * of the first PI regulator, and the output terminal signal i G * of the multiplier is connected to the second The positive input terminal of the subtractor, the negative input terminal of the second subtractor is connected to the output signal i L1-f of the current sensor, the output signal i Ge of the second subtractor is connected to the input terminal of the second PI regulator, and the second PI The regulator output signal u r1 is connected to the other input end of the adder, the output signal u r of the adder is connected to the first input end of the first comparator; the output signal u c of the signal generator is connected to the second input end of the first comparator terminal and the first input terminal of the second comparator, the second input terminal of the second comparator is connected to the zero potential signal; the output terminal signal u S3 of the first comparator is connected to the input terminal of the first inverter, and the second comparator The output signal u S1 of the second inverter is connected to the input end of the second inverter; the output signal u S1 of the second comparator, the output signal u S2 of the second inverter, the output signal u S3 of the first comparator, the first inverter The output signal u S4 of the phaser is respectively used as the driving signals of S1, S2, S3 and S4.
本发明工作时，首先控制升压型变换器中的开关管S1和S2各导通半个开关周期，即升压型变换器处于开环控制状态，并保证升压电感电流iLB处于断续状态；采用第一电压传感器检测升压变换器的输出电压反馈信号UDC-f，对该信号进行闭环控制：该电压高于基准值时，增加并网逆变器并网基准电流幅值I*的大小，从而降低该电压；该电压低于基准值时，减小并网逆变器并网基准电流幅值I*的大小，从而提升该电压。采用第二电压传感器检测电网电压反馈信号uG-f，经锁相环后得到并网逆变器基准电流的相位基准信号i*，并网电流幅值信号I*和相位信号i*相乘就得到并网电流基准信号iG *；并网逆变器采用逆变器侧电感电流反馈的控制策略结合电网电压前馈控制策略，将并网电流基准信号iG *与LCL滤波器第一电感电流反馈信号iL1-f作差并经第二PI调节器放大，得到并网电流预调制信号ur1，该信号与电网电压前馈信号uG-f1相加后得到了最终的并网电流调制信号ur；将信号ur与载波信号uc比较后就得到全桥逆变器中开关管S3和S4的驱动信号。When the present invention works, first control the switching tubes S1 and S2 in the step-up converter to be turned on for half a switching cycle, that is, the step-up converter is in an open-loop control state, and ensure that the boost inductor current i LB is intermittent state: use the first voltage sensor to detect the output voltage feedback signal U DC-f of the boost converter, and perform closed-loop control on the signal: when the voltage is higher than the reference value, increase the grid-connected inverter grid-connected reference current amplitude I * , thereby reducing the voltage; when the voltage is lower than the reference value, reduce the magnitude of the grid-connected reference current amplitude I * of the grid-connected inverter, thereby increasing the voltage. The second voltage sensor is used to detect the grid voltage feedback signal u Gf , and the phase reference signal i * of the reference current of the grid-connected inverter is obtained after the phase-locked loop, and the grid-connected current amplitude signal I * is multiplied by the phase signal i * to obtain The grid-connected current reference signal i G * ; the grid-connected inverter adopts the control strategy of the inverter side inductor current feedback combined with the grid voltage feed-forward control strategy, and combines the grid-connected current reference signal i G * with the first inductor current of the LCL filter The feedback signal i L1-f is made difference and amplified by the second PI regulator to obtain the grid-connected current pre-modulation signal u r1 , which is added to the grid voltage feed-forward signal u G-f1 to obtain the final grid-connected current modulation Signal u r ; compare the signal u r with the carrier signal u c to get the driving signals of the switch tubes S3 and S4 in the full bridge inverter.
图2显示了本发明在工作时，一个工频工作周期内的主要波形。首先由图1中的第二比较器得到开关管S1和S2的驱动信号，S1和S2的开通时间相等，即升压型变换器的占空比稳定在0.5。在本发明所提并网逆变器稳态时，燃料电池FC输出电压Uin与升压型变换器的输出电压UDC稳定，升压电感电流iLB的电流在断续模式时仅受Uin与UDC控制，所以，升压电感电流iLB中没有低次纹波，可以通过较小容值的滤波电容Cin来保证燃料电池输出电流iFC平滑。并网逆变器的调制信号ur与载波信号uc经过图1中的第一比较器与第一反相器后得到开关管S3和S4的驱动信号，与开关管S1和S2共同作用就得到单极性的并网逆变器输出电压uAB。Figure 2 shows the main waveforms in a power frequency working cycle when the present invention is working. First, the drive signals of switches S1 and S2 are obtained from the second comparator in Figure 1, and the turn-on times of S1 and S2 are equal, that is, the duty cycle of the boost converter is stable at 0.5. In the steady state of the grid-connected inverter proposed in the present invention, the output voltage U in of the fuel cell FC and the output voltage U DC of the boost converter are stable, and the current of the boost inductor current i LB is only affected by U in the discontinuous mode. in is controlled by U DC , so there is no low-order ripple in the boost inductor current i LB , and the smoothness of the fuel cell output current i FC can be ensured by a filter capacitor C in with a smaller capacitance. The modulation signal u r and the carrier signal u c of the grid-connected inverter pass through the first comparator and the first inverter in Fig. 1 to obtain the driving signals of the switching tubes S3 and S4, which work together with the switching tubes S1 and S2 to achieve Obtain the unipolar grid-connected inverter output voltage u AB .
并网逆变器在工作时，并网电压与电流同相位，因此电路存在两种工作状态，即①uG>0，iL1>0；②uG<0，iL1<0。由于两种工作状态对电路的分析类似，下面仅分析第一种情况。When the grid-connected inverter is working, the grid-connected voltage and current are in the same phase, so the circuit has two working states, namely ①u G >0, i L1 >0; ②u G <0, i L1 <0. Since the analysis of the circuit in the two working states is similar, only the first case will be analyzed below.
图3给出了一个开关周期内主要波形，由于升压型变换器与全桥逆变器共用开关管S1与S2，因此S1与S2中的电流都由两部分组成，一部分来自升压电感的电流，分别是iS1a与iS2a，另一部分来自并网侧第一滤波电感的电流，分别是iS1b与iS2b。本发明所提电路中，S1与S2或者S3与S4之间存在的死区持续时间非常短，因此在分析电路模态时，认为器件之间的换流是瞬时完成的，因此一个开关周期内分为6个开关模态，分别对应图4到图9。Figure 3 shows the main waveforms in a switching cycle. Since the boost converter and the full-bridge inverter share the switch tubes S1 and S2, the currents in S1 and S2 are composed of two parts, one part comes from the boost inductor The currents are respectively i S1a and i S2a , and the other part comes from the current of the first filter inductor on the grid-connected side, which are respectively i S1b and i S2b . In the circuit proposed by the present invention, the duration of the dead zone between S1 and S2 or S3 and S4 is very short, so when analyzing the circuit mode, it is considered that the commutation between devices is completed instantaneously, so within one switching cycle Divided into 6 switch modes, corresponding to Figure 4 to Figure 9 respectively.
开关模态1[对应图4]：Switch mode 1 [corresponding to Figure 4]:
t0时刻前，升压电感电流等于0，开关管S1和S3导通，逆变器输出电压uAB等于0。第一滤波电感经S1和S3续流，其电流iLB线性减小。t0时刻，开关管S2和S4导通，逆变器输出电压uAB仍等于0。增压电感LB中电流iLB由0开始线性增大，第一滤波电感经S2和S4续流，其电流iLB线性继续减小。开关管S2中电流由两部分组成，其中的一部分iS2a来自升压电感电流iLB，其关系为：iS2a=iLB；另一部分iS2b来自第一滤波电感电流iL1，其关系为：iS2b=-iL1。因此，实际流经开关管S2的电流为iS2a+iS2b=iLB-iL1。在t0时刻后，该值为负，所以开关管S2与其体二极管都有电流流过。Before time t 0 , the boost inductor current is equal to 0, the switches S1 and S3 are turned on, and the inverter output voltage u AB is equal to 0. The first filter inductor freewheels through S1 and S3, and its current i LB decreases linearly. At time t 0 , the switches S2 and S4 are turned on, and the output voltage u AB of the inverter is still equal to 0. The current i LB in the boost inductor L B increases linearly from 0, the first filter inductor continues to flow through S2 and S4, and its current i LB continues to decrease linearly. The current in the switch tube S2 is composed of two parts, one part i S2a comes from the boost inductor current i LB , the relationship is: i S2a =i LB ; the other part i S2b comes from the first filter inductor current i L1 , the relationship is: i S2b =-i L1 . Therefore, the current actually flowing through the switch tube S2 is i S2a +i S2b =i LB -i L1 . After time t0 , the value is negative, so both the switch tube S2 and its body diode have current flowing.
开关模态2[对应图5]：Switch mode 2 [corresponding to Figure 5]:
t1时刻，流经开关管S2的电流iS2=iS2a+iS2b=iLB-iL1由负变正，流经开关管S2的电流从漏极流向源极，体二极管中无电流。除此以外，电路的工作状态无变化。At time t1 , the current i S2 =i S2a +i S2b =i LB -i L1 flowing through the switching tube S2 changes from negative to positive, the current flowing through the switching tube S2 flows from the drain to the source, and there is no current in the body diode. Otherwise, the working state of the circuit remains unchanged.
开关模态3[对应图6]：Switch mode 3 [corresponding to Figure 6]:
t2时刻，开关管S2关断，S1开通，逆变器输出电压uAB大于零，因此第一滤波电感电流开始线性增加。开关管S1中电流由两部分组成，其中的一部分iS1a来自升压电感电流iLB，其关系为：iS1a=-iLB；另一部分iS1b来自第一滤波电感电流iL1，其关系为：iS1b=iL1。因此，实际流经开关管S1的电流为iS1a+iS1b=-iLB+iL1。由于升压电感峰值较大，在t2时刻后的一段时间，iS1为负值，流经开关管S1的电流从源极流向漏极，并且其体二极管中有部分电流流过。在此阶段中，升压型变换器的输出滤波电感储存能量。At time t2 , the switch tube S2 is turned off, S1 is turned on, and the inverter output voltage u AB is greater than zero, so the first filter inductor current starts to increase linearly. The current in the switch tube S1 is composed of two parts, one part i S1a comes from the boost inductor current i LB , and its relationship is: i S1a =-i LB ; the other part i S1b comes from the first filter inductor current i L1 , and its relationship is: : i S1b =i L1 . Therefore, the current actually flowing through the switch tube S1 is i S1a +i S1b =-i LB +i L1 . Due to the large peak value of the boost inductance, i S1 is negative for a period of time after time t2 , and the current flowing through the switch tube S1 flows from the source to the drain, and part of the current flows through its body diode. During this phase, the boost converter's output filter inductor stores energy.
开关模态4[对应图7]：Switch mode 4 [corresponding to Figure 7]:
t3时刻，开关管S1的电流由负变正，并且线性增大流经S1的电流从漏极流向源极，S1的体二极管中无电流流过。除此以外，电路的工作情况不变。At time t3 , the current of the switching tube S1 changes from negative to positive, and the current flowing through S1 increases linearly from the drain to the source, and no current flows through the body diode of S1. Otherwise, the operation of the circuit remains unchanged.
开关模态5[对应图8]：Switch mode 5 [corresponding to Figure 8]:
t4时刻，开关管S4关断，S3开通，逆变器输出电压uAB重新等于零，因此第一滤波电感电流变为线性下降，电流从开关管S4换流到开关管S3及其体二极管中。流经开关管S1的电流继续增大。 At time t4, switch S4 is turned off, S3 is turned on, and the inverter output voltage u AB is equal to zero again, so the current of the first filter inductor decreases linearly, and the current commutates from switch S4 to switch S3 and its body diode . The current flowing through the switch tube S1 continues to increase.
开关模态6[对应图9]：Switch mode 6 [corresponding to Figure 9]:
t5时刻，升压电感电流iLB下降为零，防逆流二极管VD截止，此时流经开关管S1和S3的电流等于第一滤波电感电流iL1。 At time t5, the boost inductor current i LB drops to zero, and the anti-backflow diode VD is cut off. At this time, the current flowing through the switch tubes S1 and S3 is equal to the first filter inductor current i L1 .
t6时刻，开关管S1和S3关断，S2和S4导通，下一个开关周期开始，重复t0-t6的工作过程。 At time t6, the switching tubes S1 and S3 are turned off, S2 and S4 are turned on, and the next switching cycle starts, and the working process of t0 - t6 is repeated.
从上述分析过程可以看出，升压型变换器与全桥逆变器共用一个桥臂的两个开关管会在不会增加共用桥臂开关管的电流。It can be seen from the above analysis process that the boost converter and the full-bridge inverter share the two switching tubes of a bridge arm without increasing the current of the switching tube of the shared bridge arm.
综上所述，本发明采用单级式功率变换就可实现燃料电池的并网发电，并且不增加共用开关管的电流应力，可极大地提升并网逆变器的发电效率和降低成本；将升压型变换器设计在电感电流断续模式，不需要复杂的控制就可以实现燃料电池输出电流中不含低频纹波；并网逆变器采用的是单极性调制方式，对并网电流质量的提升有积极的作用。因此，本发明变换器具有电路结构简单、成本低、效率高，并网电流质量好的优点。To sum up, the present invention can realize grid-connected power generation of fuel cells by adopting single-stage power conversion, and does not increase the current stress of the shared switching tube, which can greatly improve the power generation efficiency of the grid-connected inverter and reduce costs; The step-up converter is designed in the inductor current discontinuous mode, which can realize the low-frequency ripple in the output current of the fuel cell without complex control; The improvement in quality has a positive effect. Therefore, the converter of the present invention has the advantages of simple circuit structure, low cost, high efficiency and good grid-connected current quality.
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| CN104967353B (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2017-06-16 | 国网青海省电力公司 | A kind of off-network type wind power generation inverter |
| CN107196302A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2017-09-22 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | A harmonic current suppression control method, system and controller of MMC |
| CN107681896A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-02-09 | 盐城工学院 | Dual-duty cycle control device for current-mode bridge photovoltaic converter |
| CN109412449B (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2021-04-20 | 盐城工学院 | A DC-AC power conversion device |
| CN109687751B (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2021-03-16 | 盐城工学院 | DC/AC power supply conversion device |
| CN109687744B (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2021-02-23 | 盐城工学院 | DC/AC power supply conversion device |
| CN109687752B (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2021-06-25 | 盐城工学院 | A DC-AC power conversion device |
| CN109412450B (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2021-06-25 | 盐城工学院 | A DC-AC power conversion device |
| CN109412451B (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2021-06-01 | 盐城工学院 | A power conversion device |
| CN109687743B (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2021-06-01 | 盐城工学院 | A power conversion circuit |
| CN109525137B (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2021-06-01 | 盐城工学院 | DC-AC conversion circuit |
| CN109617397B (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2021-06-25 | 盐城工学院 | A DC-AC power conversion device |
| CN109412452B (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2021-02-23 | 盐城工学院 | DC/AC power supply conversion circuit |
| CN109687753B (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2021-02-23 | 盐城工学院 | A DC-AC conversion device |
| CN109639168B (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2021-03-16 | 盐城工学院 | A DC-AC power conversion device |
| CN111355397B (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2021-05-14 | 南通大学 | Single-phase high-gain photovoltaic grid-connected inverter with continuous input current and control method |
| CN112152521B (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2022-03-11 | 南京信息工程大学 | A brushless DC motor boost integrated drive system and control method |
| CN114531027A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-05-24 | 西安西电电力系统有限公司 | Single-stage three-phase energy storage converter |
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