CN103884009B - A kind of biomass thermal wind furnace - Google Patents
A kind of biomass thermal wind furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN103884009B CN103884009B CN201410143680.2A CN201410143680A CN103884009B CN 103884009 B CN103884009 B CN 103884009B CN 201410143680 A CN201410143680 A CN 201410143680A CN 103884009 B CN103884009 B CN 103884009B
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- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 6
- 101150054854 POU1F1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004484 Briquette Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000001999 Transcription Factor Pit-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010040742 Transcription Factor Pit-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于燃烧设备领域，具体涉及一种生物质热风炉。The invention belongs to the field of combustion equipment, and in particular relates to a biomass hot blast stove.
背景技术Background technique
生物质成型燃料压块是生物质经收集、破碎、烘干、压型加工生产出来的。生产过程中，原料烘干的一个技术关键就是要将其原料的含水量降低8%～12%。目前普遍的干燥方法是利用生物质热风炉产生的热风直接加热烘干生物质原料。现阶段，我国生物质热风炉大部分采用生物质压块作为燃料。而生物质压块多种多样，普遍具有灰分含量高、燃烧迅速、燃烧值低、易结焦等特点。所以，提高燃烧效率，充分除尘、降低对环境的污染是发展生物燃烧技术必须达到的两个指标。目前，手烧生物质炉中生物质燃料不能完全燃烧、除尘不充分、输出不稳定，传统的热风炉采用炉排下通自然风的方法，燃烧效率低，污染比较严重。Biomass shaped fuel briquettes are produced from biomass after collection, crushing, drying and pressing. In the production process, one of the technical keys of raw material drying is to reduce the moisture content of the raw material by 8% to 12%. At present, the common drying method is to use the hot air generated by the biomass hot stove to directly heat and dry the biomass raw materials. At this stage, most of the biomass hot stoves in my country use biomass briquettes as fuel. There are many kinds of biomass briquettes, which generally have the characteristics of high ash content, rapid combustion, low combustion value, and easy coking. Therefore, improving combustion efficiency, fully removing dust, and reducing environmental pollution are two indicators that must be achieved in the development of bio-combustion technology. At present, the biomass fuel in the hand-burning biomass stove cannot be completely burned, the dust removal is insufficient, and the output is unstable. The traditional hot blast stove adopts the method of natural air under the grate, which has low combustion efficiency and serious pollution.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对上述问题，本发明的目的是要提供一种生物质热风炉，实现燃料分级燃烧，燃料连续、均匀供给，产生的热风温度可调、燃烧彻底、多级沉降、污染小的目标。In view of the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a biomass hot blast stove, which can achieve the goals of fuel staged combustion, continuous and uniform supply of fuel, adjustable temperature of hot air generated, complete combustion, multi-stage settlement, and low pollution.
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种生物质热风炉，包括热风炉本体和紧急泄放烟囱12，其中：A biomass hot blast stove, including a hot blast stove body and an emergency discharge chimney 12, wherein:
热风炉本体包括加料口3、炉排2、前燃烧室5、后燃烧室10、一级沉降室8、一次风冷梁6、二次风冷梁9、烟窗7；The hot blast stove body includes feeding port 3, fire grate 2, front combustion chamber 5, rear combustion chamber 10, primary settling chamber 8, primary air-cooled beam 6, secondary air-cooled beam 9, and smokestack 7;
炉排2位于前燃烧室5底部，加料口3位于热风炉本体左侧、炉排2上方；The grate 2 is located at the bottom of the front combustion chamber 5, and the feeding port 3 is located on the left side of the hot stove body and above the grate 2;
前燃烧室5包括前燃烧腔室、前拱4、后拱11和一次风冷梁6，前拱4位于前燃烧室5内部的左侧，前拱4的下拱面倾斜与水平面呈一定角度；后拱11位于炉排2上方，与一次风冷梁6相连，烟窗7与一次风冷梁6相连；The front combustion chamber 5 includes a front combustion chamber, a front arch 4, a rear arch 11 and a primary air-cooled beam 6. The front arch 4 is located on the left side inside the front combustion chamber 5, and the lower arch surface of the front arch 4 is inclined at a certain angle to the horizontal plane. ; The rear arch 11 is located above the grate 2 and is connected to the primary air-cooled beam 6, and the chimney 7 is connected to the primary air-cooled beam 6;
后燃烧室10包括后燃烧腔室和二次风冷梁9，二次风冷梁9将一级沉降室8与后燃烧室10上部隔开；The post-combustion chamber 10 includes a post-combustion chamber and a secondary air-cooled beam 9, and the secondary air-cooled beam 9 separates the primary settling chamber 8 from the upper part of the post-combustion chamber 10;
前燃烧室5与一级沉降室8在上部通过烟窗7相互连通，后燃烧室10与一级沉降室8在下部相互连通，紧急泄放烟囱12与后燃烧室10相连；The front combustion chamber 5 and the primary settling chamber 8 communicate with each other through the chimney 7 at the upper part, the rear combustion chamber 10 and the primary settling chamber 8 communicate with each other at the lower part, and the emergency discharge chimney 12 is connected with the rear combustion chamber 10;
紧急泄放烟囱12位于热风炉本体右侧，包括阻燃板14、三级沉降室16、三次风冷口17、紧急泄放烟囱出口15和紧急泄放烟口13，阻燃板14位于紧急泄放烟囱12内部，三级沉降室16位于阻燃板14左侧，三次风冷口17位于阻燃板14右侧，紧急泄放烟囱出口15布置在三次风冷口17同侧，紧急泄放烟口13位于紧急泄放烟囱12上端。The emergency discharge chimney 12 is located on the right side of the hot blast stove body, including a flame retardant board 14, a third-stage settling chamber 16, a third air cooling port 17, an emergency discharge chimney outlet 15 and an emergency discharge smoke outlet 13. The flame retardant board 14 is located in the emergency Inside the discharge chimney 12, the tertiary settling chamber 16 is located on the left side of the flame retardant plate 14, the tertiary air cooling port 17 is located on the right side of the flame retardant plate 14, the emergency discharge chimney outlet 15 is arranged on the same side of the tertiary air cooling port 17, and the emergency vent The smoke outlet 13 is located at the upper end of the emergency discharge chimney 12 .
一次风冷梁6设有一次风冷口18，一次风冷口18开口方向与前拱11相对，一次风冷梁6通过阀门与外部鼓风机相连。The primary air-cooled beam 6 is provided with a primary air-cooled port 18, the opening direction of the primary air-cooled port 18 is opposite to the front arch 11, and the primary air-cooled beam 6 is connected with an external blower through a valve.
二次风冷梁9设有二次风冷口19，二次风冷口19开口方向与一次风冷口18开口方向相反，二次风冷梁9通过阀门与外部鼓风机相连。The secondary air-cooled beam 9 is provided with a secondary air-cooled port 19, the opening direction of the secondary air-cooled port 19 is opposite to that of the primary air-cooled port 18, and the secondary air-cooled beam 9 is connected with an external blower through a valve.
三次风冷口17通过阀门与外部鼓风机相连。The tertiary air cooling port 17 is connected with an external blower through a valve.
炉排2为链条炉排。Grate 2 is a chain grate.
还包括灰坑1，其位于炉排2底部。Also included is an ash pit 1 which is located at the bottom of the grate 2 .
本发明的有益效果在于：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1、改变了以往只具有单个炉膛结构的热风炉，设置成能够实现二级燃烧的层燃炉结构。1. Changed the previous hot blast stove with only a single furnace structure, and set it into a layered furnace structure that can realize secondary combustion.
2、通过实现二级燃烧，使得燃料燃烧充分、热效率高。2. Through the realization of secondary combustion, the fuel is fully burned and the thermal efficiency is high.
3、对产生的高温烟气实现多级沉降，最后成为洁净的热风，排放污染物少。3. Realize multi-stage settlement for the generated high-temperature flue gas, and finally become clean hot air with less pollutant emission.
4、产生的热风温度、风量可调。4. The temperature and air volume of the generated hot air are adjustable.
5、结构紧凑、合理，易与运输和快速安装。5. Compact and reasonable structure, easy to transport and fast installation.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明一种生物质热风炉的内部结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the internal structure schematic diagram of a kind of biomass hot air stove of the present invention;
图2为本发明一种生物质热风炉中，一次风冷梁和二次风冷梁的局部放大图。Fig. 2 is a partially enlarged view of a primary air-cooled beam and a secondary air-cooled beam in a biomass hot blast stove of the present invention.
附图标记：Reference signs:
1灰坑2炉排3加料口1 ash pit 2 grate 3 feeding port
4前拱5前燃烧室6一次风冷梁4 Front arch 5 Front combustion chamber 6 Primary air-cooled beam
7烟窗8一级沉降室9二次风冷梁7 Chimney 8 Primary settling chamber 9 Secondary air-cooled beam
10后燃烧室11后拱12紧急泄放烟囱10 Rear combustion chamber 11 Rear arch 12 Emergency vent chimney
13紧急泄放烟口14阻燃板15紧急泄放烟囱出口13 Emergency smoke vent 14 Flame retardant board 15 Emergency vent chimney outlet
16三级沉降室17三次风冷口18一次风冷口16 Tertiary settling chamber 17 Third air cooling port 18 Primary air cooling port
19二次风冷口19 secondary air cooling port
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。The specific implementation manners of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
一种生物质热风炉，包括热风炉本体和紧急泄放烟囱12，其中，热风炉本体优选为长方体形，包括加料口3、炉排2、灰坑1、前燃烧室5、后燃烧室10、一级沉降室8、一次风冷梁6、二次风冷梁9、烟窗7。紧急泄放烟囱12优选为圆筒形，包括阻燃板14、三级沉降室16、三次风冷口17、紧急泄放烟囱出口15、紧急泄放烟口13。A biomass hot blast stove, comprising a hot blast stove body and an emergency discharge chimney 12, wherein the hot blast stove body is preferably in the shape of a cuboid, including a charging port 3, a fire grate 2, an ash pit 1, a front combustion chamber 5, and a rear combustion chamber 10 , the primary settling chamber 8, the primary air-cooled beam 6, the secondary air-cooled beam 9, and the chimney window 7. The emergency relief chimney 12 is preferably cylindrical, including a flame-retardant plate 14 , a tertiary settling chamber 16 , a tertiary air cooling port 17 , an emergency relief chimney outlet 15 , and an emergency relief smoke port 13 .
一次风冷梁6设有一次风冷口18，二次风冷梁9设有二次风冷口19，通过阀门与外部鼓风机相连，用于补充空气；三次风冷口17通过阀门与外部鼓风机相连，用于调节热风温度和风量；前燃烧室5与一级沉降室8在上部通过烟窗7相互连通；后燃烧室10与一级沉降室8在下部相互连通；紧急泄放烟囱12与后燃烧室10相连；前燃烧室5燃烧产生的高温烟气在热风炉本体中曲折流动。The primary air-cooled beam 6 is provided with a primary air-cooled port 18, and the secondary air-cooled beam 9 is provided with a secondary air-cooled port 19, which is connected with an external blower through a valve for replenishing air; the tertiary air-cooled port 17 is connected with an external blower through a valve connected to each other for adjusting hot air temperature and air volume; the front combustion chamber 5 and the primary settling chamber 8 communicate with each other through the chimney 7 at the upper part; the rear combustion chamber 10 communicates with the primary settling chamber 8 at the lower part; the emergency discharge chimney 12 and The rear combustion chambers 10 are connected; the high-temperature flue gas produced by the combustion of the front combustion chamber 5 flows meanderingly in the hot blast stove body.
灰坑1位于炉排2底部，用于收集燃料燃烧后的灰烬。The ash pit 1 is located at the bottom of the grate 2 and is used to collect ashes after fuel combustion.
炉排2为链条炉排，位于热风炉本体的前燃烧室5的底部，用于供料燃烧。The fire grate 2 is a chain fire grate, which is positioned at the bottom of the front combustion chamber 5 of the hot blast stove body, and is used for feed combustion.
加料口3位于热风炉本体左侧、炉排2上方，用于进料。The feeding port 3 is located on the left side of the hot blast stove body and above the fire grate 2, and is used for feeding.
前燃烧室5包括前燃烧腔室、前拱4、后拱11和一次风冷梁6，前燃烧室5与后燃烧室10相互隔开，生物质燃料在前燃烧室5中进行一级燃烧，产生的高温烟气在后燃烧室10中进行二级燃烧。The front combustion chamber 5 includes a front combustion chamber, a front arch 4, a rear arch 11 and a primary air-cooled beam 6. The front combustion chamber 5 and the rear combustion chamber 10 are separated from each other, and the biomass fuel performs primary combustion in the front combustion chamber 5 , the generated high-temperature flue gas undergoes secondary combustion in the post-combustion chamber 10 .
后燃烧室10包括后燃烧腔室和二次风冷梁9，以实现高温烟气二级燃烧并输送至紧急泄放烟囱12，同时后燃烧室10对高温烟气中的灰尘具有二级沉降的作用。The post-combustion chamber 10 includes a post-combustion chamber and a secondary air-cooled beam 9 to achieve secondary combustion of high-temperature flue gas and transport it to the emergency discharge chimney 12. At the same time, the post-combustion chamber 10 has secondary settlement for the dust in the high-temperature flue gas role.
一级沉降室8通过烟窗7与前燃烧室5连通，以沉降灰尘。The primary settling chamber 8 communicates with the front combustion chamber 5 through the chimney 7 to settle dust.
前拱4位于前燃烧室5内部的左侧，下拱面倾斜与水平面呈一定角度，与一次风冷梁6配合使燃烧产生的高温烟气形成环流。The front arch 4 is located on the left side of the front combustion chamber 5, and the lower arch surface is inclined to form a certain angle with the horizontal plane, and cooperates with the primary air-cooled beam 6 to make the high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion form a circulation.
后拱11位于炉排2上方，与一次风冷梁6相连，将后燃烧室10和一级沉降室9与前燃烧室5隔开，同时，对生物质燃料预热。The rear arch 11 is located above the fire grate 2 and is connected with the primary air-cooled beam 6, separating the rear combustion chamber 10 and the primary settling chamber 9 from the front combustion chamber 5, and preheating the biomass fuel at the same time.
一次风冷梁6与后拱11相连，一次风冷梁6设有一次风冷口18，一次风冷口18开口方向与前拱11相对，一次风冷梁6通过阀门与外部鼓风机相连，以补充空气。The primary air-cooled beam 6 is connected with the rear arch 11, the primary air-cooled beam 6 is provided with a primary air-cooled port 18, and the opening direction of the primary air-cooled port 18 is opposite to the front arch 11, and the primary air-cooled beam 6 is connected with an external blower through a valve to Add air.
二次风冷梁9将一级沉降室8与后燃烧室10上部隔开，二次风冷梁9设有二次风冷口19，二次风冷口19开口方向与一次风冷口18开口方向相反，二次风冷梁9通过阀门与外部鼓风机相连，以补充空气。The secondary air-cooled beam 9 separates the first-stage settling chamber 8 from the upper part of the post-combustion chamber 10, and the secondary air-cooled beam 9 is provided with a secondary air-cooled port 19, and the opening direction of the secondary air-cooled port 19 is in the same direction as the primary air-cooled port 18 The opening direction is opposite, and the secondary air-cooled beam 9 is connected with an external blower through a valve to supplement air.
烟窗7与一次风冷梁6相连，以流通前燃烧室5产生的高温烟气。The smokestack 7 is connected with the primary air-cooled beam 6 to circulate the high-temperature flue gas generated by the front combustion chamber 5 .
阻燃板14位于紧急泄放烟囱12内部，以除去火星和灰尘。Fire retardant panels 14 are located inside the emergency vent chimney 12 to remove sparks and dust.
三级沉降室16位于阻燃板14左内侧，以沉降灰尘。The tertiary settling chamber 16 is located at the left inner side of the flame retardant plate 14 to settle dust.
三次风冷口17位于阻燃板14右侧，以调节紧急泄放烟囱出口15的高温烟气的温度和风量。The tertiary air cooling port 17 is located on the right side of the flame retardant plate 14 to adjust the temperature and air volume of the high-temperature flue gas at the outlet 15 of the emergency discharge chimney.
紧急泄放烟囱出口15布置在三次风冷口17同侧，以向其他设备供给合适温度的热风。Emergency relief chimney outlet 15 is arranged on the same side of tertiary air cooling port 17 to supply hot air of suitable temperature to other equipment.
紧急泄放烟口13位于紧急泄放烟囱12上端，使热风炉在紧急情况下停止对其他设备供热风，使热风炉产生的热风通过紧急泄放烟口13排到外界，起到安全供风的作用。The emergency smoke vent 13 is located at the upper end of the emergency vent chimney 12, so that the hot blast stove stops supplying hot air to other equipment in an emergency, and the hot blast generated by the hot blast stove is exhausted to the outside through the emergency vent 13, which plays a role in safety supply. The effect of the wind.
热风炉外部配有引风机和鼓风机，引风机使燃烧室内实现微负压燃烧，鼓风机通过阀门与一次风冷梁6、二次风冷梁9和三次风冷口17相连，以补充空气。The outside of the hot blast stove is equipped with an induced fan and a blower. The induced fan enables micro-negative pressure combustion in the combustion chamber. The blower is connected to the primary air-cooled beam 6, the secondary air-cooled beam 9 and the tertiary air-cooled port 17 through valves to supplement air.
工作时，生物质压块燃料经加料口3投到炉排2上，燃料随着炉排2的移动进入前燃烧室5燃烧，前燃烧室5中，前拱4和后拱11通过上一次燃料燃烧后的温度对燃料进行预热，鼓风机通过一次风冷梁6和一次风冷口18对前燃烧室给风，燃料燃烧，产生高温烟气，高温烟气经过烟窗7进入一级沉降室8，一级沉降室8使高温烟气中带有的颗粒灰尘逐步沉降，然后高温烟气沿着后拱11进入后燃烧室10，鼓风机通过二次风冷梁9和二次风冷口19对后燃烧室10给风，使未燃烧的明火二次充分燃烧，燃烧的同时，后燃烧室10对高温烟气中带有的颗粒灰尘进行二次沉降，形成较洁净的热风，进入紧急泄放烟囱12，通过阻燃板14除去热风中的火星和灰尘，同时热风进入三级沉降室16再次进行沉降除尘，通过三次风冷口17调节热风温度和风量，达到用户要求的热风，通过紧急泄放烟囱出口15供给其他设备，供用户使用。其中，发生紧急情况时，可以通过紧急泄放烟口13停止对用户供热风，使热风炉产生的热风通过紧急泄放烟口13排到外界，起到安全供风的作用。When working, the biomass briquette fuel is thrown onto the fire grate 2 through the feeding port 3, and the fuel enters the front combustion chamber 5 to burn with the movement of the fire grate 2. In the front combustion chamber 5, the front arch 4 and the rear arch 11 pass through the last The temperature after the fuel is burned preheats the fuel, and the blower supplies air to the front combustion chamber through the primary air-cooled beam 6 and the primary air-cooled port 18, and the fuel burns to generate high-temperature flue gas, which enters the primary settlement through the chimney 7 Chamber 8, the primary settling chamber 8 gradually settles the particles and dust contained in the high-temperature flue gas, and then the high-temperature flue gas enters the rear combustion chamber 10 along the rear arch 11, and the blower passes through the secondary air-cooled beam 9 and the secondary air-cooled port 19 Air supply to the post-combustion chamber 10, so that the unburned open flame is fully burned for the second time. At the same time of combustion, the post-combustion chamber 10 conducts secondary settlement of the particulate dust contained in the high-temperature flue gas to form a cleaner hot air, which enters the emergency Discharge the chimney 12, remove the sparks and dust in the hot air through the flame retardant board 14, and at the same time, the hot air enters the third-stage settling chamber 16 for sedimentation and dust removal again, and adjusts the temperature and air volume of the hot air through the third air-cooling port 17 to meet the hot air required by the user. The emergency relief chimney outlet 15 is supplied to other equipment for use by users. Wherein, when an emergency occurs, the hot air supply to the user can be stopped through the emergency smoke vent 13, so that the hot blast generated by the hot blast stove can be exhausted to the outside through the emergency smoke vent 13, thereby playing the role of safe air supply.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made. These improvements and modifications It should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN104654277B (en) * | 2015-02-03 | 2017-01-04 | 杨俊栋 | Chain and flight grate biological particles burning boiler |
| CN105091551A (en) * | 2015-08-30 | 2015-11-25 | 汝州春秋生物质能源机电设备有限公司 | Biomass briquette hot blast heater of grain drying machine |
| CN116678117A (en) * | 2023-04-27 | 2023-09-01 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | A high-efficiency biomass gas hot blast stove |
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