CN103883341A - 一种可重复施加预应力的锚索 - Google Patents
一种可重复施加预应力的锚索 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103883341A CN103883341A CN201410144216.5A CN201410144216A CN103883341A CN 103883341 A CN103883341 A CN 103883341A CN 201410144216 A CN201410144216 A CN 201410144216A CN 103883341 A CN103883341 A CN 103883341A
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound 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[Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003032 molecular docking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002002 slurries Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cements Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 methods Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006072 pastes Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002965 ropes Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000001847 Jaw Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004911 Serous fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering processes Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000591 gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injections Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010125 resin casting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
- E21D21/0033—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts having a jacket or outer tube
Abstract
本发明公开了一种可重复施加预应力的锚索，包括锚索本体、锚固端锚固装置、托板、锁具，所述锚索本体位于钻孔外端依次设有托板和锁具，其特征在于：在锚索钻孔外端处还设有一T形压管，托板压靠在T形压管的翼板上，在锚索本体靠钻孔内端设置所述锚固端锚固装置，在所述锚固端锚固装置上部一定距离处的锚索本体上设置一套管，该套管与锚索本体间形成一环形空间，套管靠近所述锚固端锚固装置的一端设有柔性止浆塞，在锚索安装完成后，所述T形压管位于钻孔内的一端密封抵靠在所述套管上，所述锚固端锚固装置能够提供足够的锚固力，以满足锚索进行重复施加预应力。本发明锚索能够在不扰动全长注浆凝固结构、并具有足够强度的锚固端的可重复施加预应力。
Description
—种可重复施加预应力的锚索
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及矿井围岩支护领域，特别涉及一种矿井巷道可重复施加预应力的锚索。
背景技术
[0002] 矿井围岩支护是地下资源开采领域极其重要的、必不可少缺少的方面，近年来煤矿开采事故频发，塌方、冒顶等事故不断，这些事故发生是技术措施不到位引起的，没有采取有效的技术措施或者技术措施不能有效执行，而矿井开采围岩支护足够，塌方等围岩产生的事故可以避免。现有技术中加固围岩主要手段为锚杆锚索支护、注浆支护、锚网索联合支护、液压支架支护、立柱支护，留设煤柱或矿柱、沿空留巷等，锚索锚杆支护是本领域的普遍支护手段，所以本领域技术人员一直不断在改进锚索锚杆支护性能，提高支护效果，设置预应力锚索锚杆支护是一主要技术方向。
[0003]目前我国矿井进入深部开采，围岩支护在开采过程中尤其重要，但是在实施锚杆、锚索支护时，为增加锚杆、锚索的支护效果，经常将锚杆索一端注浆固定在围岩深部，然后施加全长预应力，但现有技术中施加预应力时经常需要初次注浆锚固锚索杆端部，然后初次施加预应力，然后再次实施全长注浆，最后进行外端上托板施加预应力，这样会多次扰动围岩支护，并且会使已经凝固的注浆液与锚索杆产生松动，破坏注浆浆体凝固结构，锚注支护结构效果并不理想。
发明内容
[0004] 为解决现有技术存在的技术问题，本发明目的是提供一种在不扰动全长注浆凝固结构、并具有足够强度的锚固端的可重复施加预应力的锚索。
[0005] 为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种可重复施加预应力的锚索，包括锚索本体、锚固端锚固装置、托板、锁具，所述锚索本体位于钻孔外端依次设有托板和锁具，其特征在于:在锚索钻孔外端处还设有一 T形压管，托板压靠在T形压管的翼板上，在锚索本体靠钻孔内端设置所述锚固端锚固装置，在所述锚固端锚固装置上部一定距离处的锚索本体上设置一套管，该套管与锚索本体间形成一环形空间，套管靠近所述锚固端锚固装置的一端设有柔性止浆塞，在锚索安装完成后，所述T形压管位于钻孔内的一端密封抵靠在所述套管上，所述锚固端锚固装置能够提供足够的锚固力，以满足锚索进行重复施加预应力。
[0006] 所述锚固端锚固装置包括第一固定块、滑动块、钩翼、第一支撑杆，第一固定块固定在所述锚索本体深入钻孔内的内端，滑动块滑动设置在套管和第一固定块之间的锚索本体杆体上，第一支撑杆与第一固定块、钩翼与活动块、第一支撑杆与钩翼都进行能相对转动的铰接连接。
[0007] 所述锚固端锚固装置还包括第二固定块和第二支撑杆，第二固定块位于第一固定块与滑动块之间靠近第一固定块处，第二支撑杆一端铰接连接到第一支撑杆与钩翼的铰接点上，另一端铰接连接到第二固定块上。
[0008] 所述柔性止浆塞为柔性密封橡胶，所述套管为PVC管或铝管。
[0009] 所述T形压管与套管抵靠端朝管外设有压边，所述压边上设有与套管对接的环形凹槽，凹槽中设有密封圈，使压管与套管密封连接。
[0010] 所示T形压管与钻孔围岩壁间还设有一密封垫。
[0011] 本发明的有益效果是:一是通过套管可以使得锚索重复施加预应力时不对全长注浆加固体进行扰动破坏，这样使凝固浆体能够充分与围岩体形成整体，一体承担围岩压力；一是锚索锚固端采用可伸缩钩翼，既方便锚索深入钻孔中，同时在进行树脂或注浆锚固时，紧紧锚固在钻孔底部，为锚索重复多次施加预应力提供足够的锚固力，并且锚固端结构简单，有助于锚索安装深入钻孔，同时能充分锚固锚索。锚固端锚固装置提供的足够强的锚固力与锚索实施重复预应力相辅相成，没有足够的锚固力，锚固端将受到严重破坏，难以有效形成预应力锚索。
附图说明
[0012] 图1:可重复施加预应力锚索结构示意图。
[0013] 图2:T形压管结构示意图。
[0014] 图3:锚固端锚固装置改进结构示意图。
具体实施方式
[0015] 实施例1:结合图1-2所示，本发明的锚索是一种在不扰动注浆体情况下可重复施加需要的预应力锚索，其包括:锚索本体1、锚固端锚固装置、套管6、压管7、托板8、锁具9、止浆塞10，所述锚固端锚固装置包括第一固定块2、滑动块3、钩翼5、第一支撑杆4，第一固定块2固定在锚索本体I深入钻孔内的内端，滑动块3滑动设置在套管6和第一固定块2之间的锚索本体I杆体上，套管6设置在活动块3上端一定距离处，以便活动块3在锚索深入钻孔中时具有足够的滑动伸缩距离，便于锚索深入钻孔内。如图1所示，第一支撑杆4与第一固定块2、钩翼5与活动块3、第一支撑杆4与钩翼5都进行可相对转动的铰接连接。套管6靠近滑动块3 —端设置有止浆塞10，防止在钻孔注浆时浆液进入套管6内，压管7压靠套管6上端，通过对压管7施加顶推力或者通过初次拉拔锚索本体I使得套管6下端与滑动块3接触，驱动钩翼5和第一支撑杆4张开，钩翼5的弯钩向钻孔口方向呈“U”形，当钩翼5抵靠钻孔壁时，对锚索本体I的锚固端进行初次注浆，浆体凝固后，钩翼5和第一支撑杆4将牢固锚固在钻孔内端部，提供足够的锚固力。
[0016] 在等待锚固端浆液足够凝固后，继续对套管6与钻孔壁之间的环空进行全长注浆，将套管6、压管7与钻孔围岩紧紧锚固，由于压管7在钻孔端口具有向孔外的延伸部，依据需要还可以在压管7的延伸部即翼板与巷道壁之间加设密封垫11，这样使得注浆浆液不会大量渗出钻孔外，起到封堵作用，获得更好的注浆效果。
[0017] 在上述所有注浆结束后，在锚索本体I的外端通过锁具8以及拉拔装置进行多次重复施加预应力，这样不会对已经施加的注浆体产生破坏和扰动，有效维护支护结构体。
[0018] 止浆塞10采用柔性密封块，例如采用密封橡胶，这样锚索在重复施加预应力时，拉伸变形量不至于将止浆塞10破坏，其允许锚索本体I能够进行纵向拉伸。[0019] 套管6可以采用PVC管、铝管或其他轻质管材；压管7是T形钢管，管壁厚度比套管6略大，压管7与套管6接触端可以朝管外设置压边，压边上设有与套管对接的环形凹槽，凹槽中设有密封圈，使压管与套管密封连接。密封垫11是圆形中间具有与压管7外径基本相等的直径的通孔。
[0020] 实施例2:结合图3所示，对实施例1中的锚固端锚固装置进一步进行改进，其他部分与实施例1相同。所述锚固端锚固装置除了包括第一固定块2、滑动块3、钩翼5、第一支撑杆4，还包括第二固定块13和第二支撑杆12，第二支撑杆12—端铰接连接到第一支撑杆4与钩翼5的铰接点上，另一端铰接连接到第二固定块13上。通过加设第二支撑杆12和第二固定块13，使得钩翼5能够具有足够的支撑力使钩翼5抵靠孔壁，同时，当锚固端注浆锚固时，第二支撑杆12、第二固定块13也提供更强的与浆液的融为一体的锚固力。
Claims (6)
1.一种可重复施加预应力的锚索，包括锚索本体(I)、锚固端锚固装置、托板(8)、锁具(9)，所述锚索本体(I)位于钻孔外端依次设有托板(8)和锁具(9)，其特征在于:在锚索钻孔外端处还设有一 T形压管(7)，托板(8)压靠在T形压管(7)的翼板上，在锚索本体(I)靠钻孔内端设置所述锚固端锚固装置，在所述锚固端锚固装置上部一定距离处的锚索本体上设置一套管出)，该套管出)与锚索本体(I)间形成一环形空间，套管(6)靠近所述锚固端锚固装置的一端设有柔性止浆塞(10)，在锚索安装完成后，所述T形压管(7)位于钻孔内的一端密封抵靠在所述套管(6)上，所述锚固端锚固装置能够提供足够的锚固力，以满足锚索进行重复施加预应力。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的可重复施加预应力的锚索，其特征在于:所述锚固端锚固装置包括第一固定块(2)、滑动块(3)、钩翼(5)、第一支撑杆(4)，第一固定块2固定在所述锚索本体(I)深入钻孔内的内端，滑动块(3)滑动设置在套管(6)和第一固定块(2)之间的锚索本体(I)杆体上，第一支撑杆(4)与第一固定块(2)、钩翼(5)与活动块(3)、第一支撑杆(4)与钩翼(5)都进行能相对转动的铰接连接。
3.—种如权利要求2所述的可重复施加预应力的锚索，其特征在于:所述锚固端锚固装置还包括第二固定块(13)和第二支撑杆(12)，第二固定块(13)位于第一固定块(2)与滑动块(3)之间靠近第一固定块(2)处，第二支撑杆(12) —端铰接连接到第一支撑杆(4)与钩翼(5)的铰接点上，另一端铰接连接到第二固定块(13)上。
4.一种如权利要求1或2或3所述的可重复施加预应力的锚索，其特征在于:所述柔性止浆塞为柔性密封橡胶，所述套管为PVC管或铝管。
5.一种如权利要求1所述的可重复施加预应力的锚索，其特征在于:所述T形压管(7)与所述套管(6)抵靠端朝管外设有压边(14)，所述压边(14)上设有与套管(6)对接的环形凹槽，凹槽中设有密封圈，使压管与套管密封连接。
6.一种如权利要求4或5所述的可重复施加预应力的锚索，其特征在于:所示T形压管(7)与钻孔围岩壁间还设有一密封垫(11)。
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