CN103875999A - 棉籽饼粕的膨化脱毒方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 230000001007 puffing effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 title abstract 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- QBKSWRVVCFFDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N gossypol Chemical compound CC(C)C1=C(O)C(O)=C(C=O)C2=C(O)C(C=3C(O)=C4C(C=O)=C(O)C(O)=C(C4=CC=3C)C(C)C)=C(C)C=C21 QBKSWRVVCFFDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- QHOPXUFELLHKAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thespesin Natural products CC(C)c1c(O)c(O)c2C(O)Oc3c(c(C)cc1c23)-c1c2OC(O)c3c(O)c(O)c(C(C)C)c(cc1C)c23 QHOPXUFELLHKAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229930000755 gossypol Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229950005277 gossypol Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 abstract 1
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- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108010073032 Grain Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010064851 Plant Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019784 crude fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 210000004994 reproductive system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/27—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption
- A23L5/276—Treatment with inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/27—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption
- A23L5/273—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption using adsorption or absorption agents, resins, synthetic polymers, or ion exchangers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
- A23P30/00—Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the process or apparatus
- A23P30/30—Puffing or expanding
- A23P30/32—Puffing or expanding by pressure release, e.g. explosion puffing; by vacuum treatment
- A23P30/34—Puffing or expanding by pressure release, e.g. explosion puffing; by vacuum treatment by extrusion-expansion
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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Abstract
一种棉籽饼粕的膨化脱毒方法,包括以下步骤:1)混料,向含壳量为8-12%的棉籽饼粕中加入水及脱毒剂,并均匀混合,使棉籽饼粕的含水量为20-40%,脱毒剂的加入量为尿素15g/kg、硫酸亚铁5g/kg;2)膨化,在膨化温度为120-130℃、螺杆转速为180r/min的条件下,使棉籽饼粕在膨化机的挤压腔内受到高温、高压和高剪切力的作用,发生混合、胶合、糊化等物理化学以及组织结构的变化,游离棉酚在高温、高压、水分和脱毒剂的作用下失去活性;3)烘干,将脱毒后的棉籽饼粕物料进行烘干处理。本发明的方法脱毒效果好,棉籽饼粕中的有效营养成分损失少、适口性好,成本低,操作简便,生产效率高,适于工业化应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种棉籽饼粕的脱毒方法,具体涉及一种棉籽饼粕的膨化脱毒方法。
背景技术
棉籽饼粕是棉籽脱壳去油后的副产物。棉籽饼粕中含有丰富的蛋白质,并且棉籽蛋白属于豆类蛋白质,营养价值远比谷类蛋白质高,它是重要的植物蛋白饲料来源。
然而,棉籽饼粕中含有有毒成分——游离棉酚,该有毒成分会对家畜细胞、血管、神经、肝、肾等产生慢性毒害作用,而且对单胃动物、家畜的生殖系统也有明显影响,这些因素限制了其饲用量。
为克服以上问题,常常对作为饲料的棉籽饼粕进行脱毒处理。现有技术中常见的棉籽饼粕脱毒方法包括化学脱毒法、生物发酵脱毒法和溶剂萃取脱毒法。其中,化学脱毒法主要是在棉籽饼粕中加入硫酸盐(硫酸亚铁、硫酸铜),并提供合适的反应条件,硫酸盐中的金属离子会与棉籽饼粕中的游离棉酚形成络合物,达到脱毒目的。但化学脱毒法形成的络合物会残留在棉籽饼粕中,影响棉籽饼粕的营养价值和适口性,难以取得良好的饲喂效果。生物发酵脱毒法是利用微生物发酵将棉籽饼粕中的游离棉酚转化为其他无毒物质,达到脱毒目的。但生物发酵脱毒法的工艺条件的控制难度大,脱毒效果无法保证。此外,生物发酵脱毒法还具有菌种提纯复杂、项目投资大、生产成本高的缺点。溶剂萃取脱毒法是利用有机溶剂将棉籽饼粕中的游离棉酚萃取出来,最终得到无毒物料,并通常与制油工序同时进行。但溶剂萃取脱毒法溶剂分离和回收困难,溶剂消耗量大,成本高,溶剂配比复杂,因此无法实现工业化生产。
现有技术中亟需一种新的棉籽饼粕的脱毒方法,以克服现有的棉籽饼粕脱毒方法的缺陷。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术存在的不足,提供一种棉籽饼粕的膨化脱毒方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:一种棉籽饼粕的膨化脱毒方法,包括以下步骤:1)混料,向含壳量为8-12%的棉籽饼粕中加入水及脱毒剂,并均匀混合,使棉籽饼粕的含水量为20-40%,脱毒剂的加入量为尿素15g/kg、硫酸亚铁5g/kg;2)膨化,在膨化温度为120-130℃、螺杆转速为180r/min的条件下,使1)步骤中得到的棉籽饼粕在膨化机的挤压腔内受到高温、高压、高剪切力的作用,发生混合、胶合、糊化等物理化学以及组织结构的变化,棉籽饼粕中的游离棉酚在高温、高压、水分和脱毒剂的作用下失去活性;3)烘干,将脱毒后的棉籽饼粕物料进行烘干处理。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明方法的棉酚脱除效率高,可达到80%以上;棉籽饼粕中的粗蛋白、粗脂肪等有效营养成分损失少;本发明的方法脱毒成本低,操作简便,生产效率高,适于工业化应用;棉籽饼粕在采用本发明的方法膨化后具有独特的香味,改善了适口性;本发明中脱毒剂的组合和用量能有效提高脱毒效果;本发明方法中棉籽饼粕的适当的含水量能够降低设备能耗比。
具体实施方式
本发明公开了一种棉籽饼粕的膨化脱毒方法,包括以下步骤:1)混料,向含壳量为8-12%的棉籽饼粕中加入水及脱毒剂,并均匀混合,使棉籽饼粕的含水量为20-40%,脱毒剂的加入量为尿素15g/kg、硫酸亚铁5g/kg;2)膨化,在膨化温度为120-130℃、螺杆转速为180r/min的条件下,使棉籽饼粕在膨化机的挤压腔内受到高温、高压和高剪切力的作用,发生混合、胶合、糊化等物理化学以及组织结构的变化,游离棉酚在高温、高压、水分和脱毒剂的作用下失去活性;3)烘干,将脱毒后的棉籽饼粕物料进行烘干处理。
① 含壳量
由于物料在膨化过程中,蛋白质变性时需要适量的纤维做支架,形成孔状结构,这有利于膨化出料时水蒸气的排出,形成膨化状态。实际测试,物料含壳量控制在8-12%,再进行膨化效果最好。
② 含水量
物料水分控制在20-40%,配合螺杆转速为180r/min,可以达到较好的膨化效果。水分高,物料塑性大,膨化机不能建立正常的挤压压力,无法产生膨爆现象;水分低,物料和料筒间润滑差,导致加压压力增加,膨化机内温度增高,膨化料易糊化,同时增加了机器的耗能,降低了膨化速率,影响到生产效率。
③ 膨化温度
膨化温度控制在120-130℃,膨化效果较好。
④ 脱毒剂添加量
尿素15g/kg、硫酸亚铁5g/kg能达到较好的脱毒效果。
最后应当说明的是,以上内容仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对本发明保护范围的限制,本领域的普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案进行的简单修改或者等同替换,均不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (1)
1.一种棉籽饼粕的膨化脱毒方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
1)混料
向含壳量为8-12%的棉籽饼粕中加入水及脱毒剂,并均匀混合,使棉籽饼粕的含水量为20-40%,脱毒剂的加入量为尿素15g/kg、硫酸亚铁5g/kg;
2)膨化
在膨化温度为120-130℃、螺杆转速为180r/min的条件下,使1)步骤中得到的棉籽饼粕在膨化机的挤压腔内受到高温、高压、高剪切力的作用,发生混合、胶合、糊化等物理化学以及组织结构的变化,棉籽饼粕中的游离棉酚在高温、高压、水分和脱毒剂的作用下失去活性;
3)烘干
将脱毒后的棉籽饼粕物料进行烘干处理。
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Cited By (3)
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CN104621423A (zh) * | 2014-11-05 | 2015-05-20 | 新疆大禾油脂有限公司 | 一种棉籽饼粕的物理脱毒方法 |
CN104938779A (zh) * | 2015-05-30 | 2015-09-30 | 益海(昌吉)粮油工业有限公司 | 高蛋白棉粕的加工工艺 |
CN107568566A (zh) * | 2017-08-16 | 2018-01-12 | 新疆农垦科学院 | 一种棉粕脱绒、脱酚的方法 |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104621423A (zh) * | 2014-11-05 | 2015-05-20 | 新疆大禾油脂有限公司 | 一种棉籽饼粕的物理脱毒方法 |
CN104938779A (zh) * | 2015-05-30 | 2015-09-30 | 益海(昌吉)粮油工业有限公司 | 高蛋白棉粕的加工工艺 |
CN107568566A (zh) * | 2017-08-16 | 2018-01-12 | 新疆农垦科学院 | 一种棉粕脱绒、脱酚的方法 |
CN107568566B (zh) * | 2017-08-16 | 2020-12-22 | 新疆农垦科学院 | 一种棉粕脱绒、脱酚的方法 |
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