CN103869307A - Millimeter wave scanning entomological radar detection system and detection method - Google Patents
Millimeter wave scanning entomological radar detection system and detection method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种毫米波扫描昆虫雷达探测系统及探测方法，其探测系统包括：天线装置，用于发送探测昆虫微波信号和接收昆虫反射的微波信号；发射机，用于产生探测昆虫的脉冲调制微波信号并通过天线装置发出；接收机，用于接收昆虫反射微波信号，并对该微波信号进行处理；信号处理器，用于接收经所述接收机处理后的信号并进行转换和处理，获取昆虫强度数据；数字采集终端，对获取昆虫强度数据以及方位角数据进行分析和计算，得到昆虫的空间分布和时间信息。本发明提供的毫米波扫描昆虫雷达探测系统及探测方法，用于开展水稻重要的迁飞性害虫迁飞过程的实时监测和动态分析，以实现虫害的早期预警。
The invention discloses a millimeter-wave scanning insect radar detection system and detection method. The detection system includes: an antenna device for sending microwave signals for detecting insects and receiving microwave signals reflected by insects; a transmitter for generating pulses for detecting insects modulate the microwave signal and send it through the antenna device; the receiver is used to receive the microwave signal reflected by the insect and process the microwave signal; the signal processor is used to receive the signal processed by the receiver and convert and process it, Acquire insect intensity data; the digital acquisition terminal analyzes and calculates the acquired insect intensity data and azimuth angle data, and obtains the spatial distribution and time information of insects. The millimeter-wave scanning insect radar detection system and detection method provided by the present invention are used for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of the migratory process of important rice migratory pests, so as to realize early warning of insect pests.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及雷达技术领域，特别涉及一种毫米波扫描昆虫雷达探测系统及探测方法。The invention relates to the field of radar technology, in particular to a millimeter-wave scanning insect radar detection system and detection method.
背景技术Background technique
现有技术的昆虫雷达可对多种农业重大的迁飞害虫进行探测，但是，传统的扫描昆虫雷达对害虫种群动态进行长期、自动化探测是不切实际的。首先是扫描昆虫雷达设备非常复杂，不适宜长期自动运转，数据分析需要耗费大量时间和精力；其次，扫描昆虫雷达的种类识别能力有限，理论上，当波束静止时，如果迁飞昆虫个体在雷达波束中停留时间足够长，那么系统可以记录到个体的振翅频率，但由于个体之间在同一方向上会发生重叠，一个个体的振翅频率会受到另一个体的影响，使得扫描昆虫雷达依靠振翅频率进行种类鉴定不可行。Existing insect radars can detect a variety of important agricultural migratory pests, but traditional scanning insect radars are impractical for long-term and automatic detection of pest population dynamics. Firstly, the scanning insect radar equipment is very complicated, not suitable for long-term automatic operation, and data analysis requires a lot of time and energy; secondly, the scanning insect radar has limited ability to identify types. In theory, when the beam is stationary, if the migrating insect individual If the stay time in the beam is long enough, the system can record the individual's wing-beating frequency. However, due to the overlap between individuals in the same direction, the wing-beating frequency of one individual will be affected by another individual, making the scanning insect radar rely on Species identification based on the frequency of flapping wings is not feasible.
发明内容Contents of the invention
（一）要解决的技术问题(1) Technical problems to be solved
本发明要解决的技术问题是，针对现有技术的不足，提供一种毫米波扫描昆虫雷达探测系统及探测方法，用于开展水稻重要的迁飞性害虫迁飞过程的实时监测和动态分析，以实现虫害的早期预警。The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a millimeter-wave scanning insect radar detection system and detection method for the deficiencies in the prior art, which are used to carry out real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of the migration process of important rice migratory pests, To achieve early warning of pest infestation.
（二）技术方案(2) Technical solution
本发明提供一种毫米波扫描昆虫雷达探测系统，包括：The present invention provides a millimeter-wave scanning insect radar detection system, comprising:
天线装置，用于发送探测昆虫微波信号和接收反馈昆虫微波信号；The antenna device is used for sending microwave signals for detecting insects and receiving microwave signals for feeding back insects;
发射机，用于产生脉冲调制探测昆虫微波信号并通过天线装置发出；The transmitter is used to generate pulse modulation to detect insect microwave signals and send them out through the antenna device;
接收机，用于接收反馈昆虫微波信号，并对该微波信号进行处理；The receiver is used to receive the feedback insect microwave signal and process the microwave signal;
信号处理器，用于接收经所述接收机处理后的信号并进行转换和处理，获取昆虫强度数据；A signal processor, configured to receive the signal processed by the receiver and perform conversion and processing to obtain insect intensity data;
数字采集终端，对获取昆虫强度数据以及方位角数据进行分析和计算，得到昆虫的空间分布和时间信息。The digital acquisition terminal analyzes and calculates the acquired insect intensity data and azimuth angle data, and obtains the spatial distribution and time information of insects.
其中，所述天线装置包括：天线、驱动电机和同步电机；所述同步电机，用于测量天线的方位角。Wherein, the antenna device includes: an antenna, a drive motor and a synchronous motor; the synchronous motor is used to measure the azimuth angle of the antenna.
其中，所述毫米波扫描昆虫雷达探测系统还包括：Wherein, the millimeter-wave scanning insect radar detection system also includes:
伺服系统，用于控制所述驱动电机带动所述天线旋转。The servo system is used to control the drive motor to drive the antenna to rotate.
监测控制系统，用于对所述发射机、接收机、伺服系统和信号处理器进行监测和控制，以及通过天线装置中的同步电机获取天线的仰角和方位角数据；A monitoring and control system is used to monitor and control the transmitter, receiver, servo system and signal processor, and obtain the elevation angle and azimuth angle data of the antenna through the synchronous motor in the antenna device;
其中，所述伺服系统通过所述驱动电机带动所述天线旋转，其旋转方式包括：平面扫描、高度扫描和体积扫描。Wherein, the servo system drives the antenna to rotate through the driving motor, and the rotation modes include: plane scanning, height scanning and volume scanning.
本发明还提供一种毫米波扫描昆虫雷达探测方法，包括：The present invention also provides a millimeter-wave scanning insect radar detection method, comprising:
S1：发射机，通过天线装置向空中发出微波信号；S1: Transmitter, which sends microwave signals to the air through the antenna device;
S2：接收机通过所述天线装置反馈的当前微波信号并进行处理后获得对数信号并发送到信号处理器；S2: The receiver obtains a logarithmic signal after processing the current microwave signal fed back by the antenna device and sends it to the signal processor;
S3：检测控制系统通过天线装置中的同步电机获取天线的仰角和方位角数据，并发送到信号处理器；S3: The detection control system obtains the elevation angle and azimuth angle data of the antenna through the synchronous motor in the antenna device, and sends them to the signal processor;
S4：所述信号处理器对接收S2中对数信号并进行A/D转换以及数字视频积分处理，获取昆虫强度数据后，向数字采集终端发出中断申请信号，并将当前昆虫强度数据以及S3中的方位角数据发送到数字采集终端存储并返回S1，直至天线装置中的天线旋转一周后执行S5；S4: The signal processor receives the logarithmic signal in S2 and performs A/D conversion and digital video integration processing. After obtaining the insect intensity data, it sends an interrupt application signal to the digital acquisition terminal, and sends the current insect intensity data and the information in S3. The azimuth data is sent to the digital acquisition terminal for storage and returned to S1, until the antenna in the antenna device rotates one circle and executes S5;
S5：所述数据采集终端将存储的昆虫强度数据以及方位角数据分析和计算，得出昆虫的空间分布和时间信息，并发送到外部设备。S5: The data collection terminal analyzes and calculates the stored insect intensity data and azimuth angle data, obtains the spatial distribution and time information of the insects, and sends them to an external device.
其中，S4还包括：所述信号处理器接收所述接收机发出的发射触发脉冲信号，以确定回波的零距离位置。Wherein, S4 further includes: the signal processor receiving the transmission trigger pulse signal sent by the receiver, so as to determine the zero-distance position of the echo.
其中，在S4之前还包括S4’：所述信号处理器对方位角数据进行处理，形成方位脉冲和方位零脉冲，并发送至所述发射机，控制所述发射机在天线运转时才进行微波信号发射。Wherein, S4' is also included before S4: the signal processor processes the azimuth data to form azimuth pulses and azimuth zero pulses, and send them to the transmitter, and control the transmitter to perform microwave operation only when the antenna is in operation. Signal emission.
其中，在S2中，接收机通过所述天线装置反馈的当前微波信号并进行低噪声放大和下变频到视频处理。Wherein, in S2, the receiver performs low-noise amplification and down-conversion to video processing on the current microwave signal fed back by the antenna device.
（三）有益效果(3) Beneficial effects
提供一种毫米波扫描昆虫雷达探测系统及探测方法，用于开展水稻重要的迁飞性害虫迁飞过程的实时监测和动态分析，以实现虫害的早期预警。A millimeter-wave scanning insect radar detection system and detection method are provided, which are used for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of the migration process of important migratory pests of rice, so as to realize early warning of pests.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明毫米波扫描昆虫雷达探测系统结构框图；Fig. 1 is a structural block diagram of the millimeter-wave scanning insect radar detection system of the present invention;
图2是本发明毫米波扫描昆虫雷达探测方法步骤图；Fig. 2 is a step diagram of the millimeter-wave scanning insect radar detection method of the present invention;
图3是本发明毫米波扫描昆虫雷达探测系统工作原理图；Fig. 3 is a working principle diagram of the millimeter-wave scanning insect radar detection system of the present invention;
图4是昆虫起飞时雷达监测结果图；Figure 4 is a graph of radar monitoring results when insects take off;
图5是昆虫过境迁飞时雷达监测结果图；Figure 5 is a graph of radar monitoring results when insects transit and migrate;
图6是昆虫定向飞行雷达监测结果图；Fig. 6 is a graph of insect directional flight radar monitoring results;
图7是昆虫高峰期内高空雷达回波数量实时变化曲线图；Figure 7 is a real-time change curve of the number of high-altitude radar echoes during the peak period of insects;
图8是昆虫高峰期内地空雷达回波数量实时变化曲线图。Fig. 8 is a real-time change curve of the number of ground-air radar echoes during the peak period of insects.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。The specific implementation manners of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
如图1并参考图3所示，本发明提供一种毫米波扫描昆虫雷达探测系统，包括：As shown in Figure 1 and with reference to Figure 3, the present invention provides a millimeter-wave scanning insect radar detection system, comprising:
天线装置3，用于发送探测昆虫微波信号和接收昆虫反射微波信号；The
发射机1，用于产生探测昆虫的脉冲调制微波信号并通过天线装置3发出；Transmitter 1 is used to generate pulse-modulated microwave signals for detecting insects and send them through
接收机4，用于接收昆虫反射微波信号，并对该微波信号进行处理；The
信号处理器5，用于接收经所述接收机4处理后的信号并进行转换和处理，获取昆虫强度数据；The
数字采集终端6，对获取昆虫强度数据以及方位角数据进行分析和计算，得到昆虫的空间分布和时间信息The
所述天线装置3包括：天线31、驱动电机32和同步电机33；所述同步电机33，用于测量所述天线31的方位角。The
所述毫米波扫描昆虫雷达探测系统还包括：The millimeter-wave scanning insect radar detection system also includes:
伺服系统2，用于控制所述驱动电机32带动所述天线31旋转。The
监测控制系统7，通过接收所述数字采集终端6发出的数据采集、处理和显示命令，对所述发射机1、接收机4、伺服系统2和信号处理器5进行监测和控制，以及通过天线装置3中的同步电机33获取天线的仰角和方位角数据；The monitoring control system 7 monitors and controls the transmitter 1, the
所述伺服系统2通过所述驱动电机32带动所述天线31旋转，其旋转方式包括：平面扫描、高度扫描和体积扫描。The
平面扫描时，天线31在指定仰角进行环扫，获了昆虫的方位、距离、强度信息，并进行平面位置显示（PPI）。During planar scanning, the
高度扫描时，天线31在指定方位进行高度往返扫描，获了昆虫的仰角、距离、强度信息，并进行距离高度显示（RHI）。During the altitude scan, the
体积扫描时，天线31在一组指定的顺序增加的仰角上分别进行一个平面扫描，以获取立体空间的昆虫信息。During the volume scan, the
本发明还提供一种毫米波扫描昆虫雷达探测方法，包括：The present invention also provides a millimeter-wave scanning insect radar detection method, comprising:
S1：发射机1，通过天线装置3向空中发出微波信号；S1: Transmitter 1, sending microwave signals to the air through
S2：接收机4通过所述天线装置3反馈的当前微波信号并进行低噪声放大和下变频到视频处理后获得对数信号并发送到信号处理器5；S2: The
S3：检测控制系统7通过天线装置3中的同步电机33获取天线31的仰角和方位角数据，并发送到信号处理器5；S3: The detection control system 7 acquires the elevation angle and azimuth angle data of the
S4’：所述信号处理器5对方位角数据进行处理，形成方位脉冲和方位零脉冲，并发送至所述发射机1，控制所述发射机1在天线31运转时才进行微波信号发射。S4': The
S4：所述信号处理器5对接收S2中对数信号并进行A/D转换以及数字视频积分处理，获取昆虫强度数据后，向数字采集终端6发出中断申请信号，并将当前昆虫强度数据以及S3中的方位角数据发送到数字采集终端存6储并返回S1，直至天线装置3中的天线31旋转一周后执行S5；所述信号处理器5接收所述接收机4发出的发射触发脉冲信号，以确定回波的零距离位置。S4: The
S5：所述数据采集终端6将存储的昆虫强度数据以及方位角数据分析和计算，得出昆虫的空间分布和时间信息，并发送到外部设备。S5: The
监测结果：Monitoring results:
按照表1的毫米波扫描昆虫雷达探测系统的参数，进行监测：Monitor according to the parameters of the millimeter wave scanning insect radar detection system in Table 1:
2007-2012年的雷达监测结果显示：毫米波扫描昆虫雷达完全可以追踪至空中稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟和天敌昆虫黑肩绿盲蝽等微小型昆虫空中迁飞的时间、高度、数量和空中密度等飞行参数，通过不同仰角设置可以保证取样空间高度的完整性和无叠加性，三种不同扫描形式从不同角度描述昆虫空中的垂直分布状态可以得到昆虫空中飞行时不同的特征：起飞、定向（哑铃型）、集聚迁飞（成层环状）（参见图4-图6）。The radar monitoring results from 2007 to 2012 show that the millimeter-wave scanning insect radar can completely track the time, height, and quantity of air migration of tiny insects such as rice planthoppers, rice leaf rollers, and natural enemy insects. The integrity and non-overlapping of the sampling space height can be guaranteed by setting different elevation angles. Three different scanning forms describe the vertical distribution of insects in the air from different angles to obtain different characteristics of insects flying in the air: take-off , directional (dumbbell-shaped), agglomeration and migration (layered and ring-shaped) (see Figure 4-Figure 6).
如图7和图8所示，稻飞虱夏季在本地起飞主要在朦影时刻和黎明时刻起飞，形成了“晨昏双峰”的特征，稻飞虱夏季迁飞高度相对较高，主要集中在700-1900m，具有明显的成层现象，主要在1400~1900m聚集成层分布，最高飞行高度达到2200m左右；秋季稻飞虱飞行高度降低，早秋可达到1800m，多数集中在1500m以下，仍具有“晨昏双峰”特征；晚秋主要集中在800m以下飞行，很少扩展到1100m以上，稻飞虱仅在傍晚起飞，呈现“单峰”的特征。As shown in Figures 7 and 8, rice planthoppers take off locally in summer mainly at the time of shadow and dawn, forming the characteristics of "double peaks in the morning and dusk". 700-1900m, with obvious layering phenomenon, mainly gathered and distributed in layers at 1400-1900m, and the highest flying height reaches about 2200m; the flying height of rice planthoppers decreases in autumn, and can reach 1800m in early autumn, most of which are concentrated below 1500m, still has the " Morning and evening double peaks; in late autumn, they mainly fly below 800m, and rarely extend above 1100m. Rice planthoppers only take off in the evening, presenting a "single peak" feature.
以上实施方式仅用于说明本发明，而并非对本发明的限制，有关技术领域的普通技术人员，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，还可以做出各种变化和变型，因此所有等同的技术方案也属于本发明的范畴，本发明的专利保护范围应由权利要求限定。The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the relevant technical field can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all Equivalent technical solutions also belong to the category of the present invention, and the scope of patent protection of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
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