CN103855441A - 一种新型能源汽车的电池冷却系统 - Google Patents
一种新型能源汽车的电池冷却系统 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103855441A CN103855441A CN201210515694.3A CN201210515694A CN103855441A CN 103855441 A CN103855441 A CN 103855441A CN 201210515694 A CN201210515694 A CN 201210515694A CN 103855441 A CN103855441 A CN 103855441A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- cooling
- temperature control
- battery
- electrokinetic cell
- temperature
- Prior art date
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000000463 materials Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000007788 liquids Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011257 shell materials Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002131 composite materials Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound 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- 238000010622 cold drawing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000036413 temperature sense Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000000234 Capsid Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metals Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000002826 coolants Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 methods Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound 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O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001885 silicon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Abstract
本发明涉及一种新型能源汽车的电池冷却系统，系统采用金属冷板来提高电池组与相变材料的热导率，在金属冷板壳体内填充相变材料，通过相变材料吸热来维持电池组温度处于合适的范围，也保证了电池之间温度的一致性。在结构的内部布置了一个盘管式散热器，内部通入液体冷却工质，进而带走电池的热量，在外部布置风机，通过强制风冷加快电池热量散发。通过四种冷却方式的有效复合，可以显著降低电池组的温度，保证电池单体温度的一致性。由于设计温控感应与开关进行温度控制，电池冷却可分阶段自动调节控制，达到智能温控的目的。
Description
一种新型能源汽车的电池冷却系统
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种节能领域的电池冷却系统，主要用于新型能源汽车的电池冷却。背景技术
[0002] 电动汽车(简称EVs)以电池作为动力源，在使用中可以实现零污染，并可利用煤炭、水力等其它非石油资源，能有效解决汽车排污和能源问题，因而在世界范围内得到普遍重视。这些车辆的性能和品质在很大程度上依赖其所配置的动力电池组的性能，特别是动力电池的可靠性、循环性能和成本等。
[0003] 温度是影响动力电池性能至关重要的因素。当车辆在高速、低速、加速、减速等交替变换的不同行驶状况下运行时，电池会以不同倍率放电，以不同生热速率产生大量热量，加上时间累积以及空间影响会产生不均匀热量聚集，从而导致电池组运行温度复杂多变。而过高的温度会导致电池的容量、寿命和能量效率的降低，若电池积聚的热量无法及时散出，会导致热失控的产生，严重时电池有发生剧烈膨胀和爆炸的危险。而传统常见的动力电池冷却散热装置存在散热效果不好，占用车体空间太大，容积效率和能量效率低等诸多缺点。
发明内容
[0004] 针对上述存在的问题，本发明的目的是设计一个能解决上述问题，达到散热良好，容积效率和能量效率都优良的智能温控动力电池复合冷却装置。
[0005] 本发明的目的是通过下述技术方案实现的:
智能温控动力电池复合冷却系统，采用金属冷板来提高电池组与相变材料的热导率，在金属冷板壳体内填充相变材料，通过相变材料吸热来维持电池组温度处于合适的范围，也保证了电池之间温度的一致性。在结构的内部布置了一个盘管式散热器，内部通入液体冷却工质，进而带着电池的热量，在外部布置风机，通过强制风冷加快电池热量散发。通过四种冷却方式的有效复合，可以显著降低电池组的温度，保证电池单体温度的一致性。由于设计温控感应与开关进行温度控制，电池冷却可分阶段自动调节控制，达到智能温控的目的。
[0006] 系统构造:智能控温动力电池复合冷却系统的结构如图所示:
图1中所示的主要方案包括两个部分，一部分为融合多种冷却方式的动力电池复合冷却装置，另一部分为温度感应控制装置。
[0007] 动力电池复合冷却装置部分，如图1所示，是由铝制冷板外壳2、相变材料9、翅片
8、蛇形铜管10、风机11构成。在结构上，将铝制冷板外壳2加工成为带有凹槽型的空壳结构，在凹槽内部可以并排嵌入多个动力电池I ;铝板外壳2底板上安装了散热翅片8，在翅片8中布置了两台风机11 (如图2所示)；且铝板制空壳体内部填充有相变材料9，蛇形铜管10埋于壳体底部，与相变材料9接触(如图3所示);在蛇形铜管10内通有液体冷却工质3。液体冷却工质3由泵5驱动，将动力电池I的产热带出经由外部的换热器4散发，形成一套主动式液体冷却系统。上述泵5与风机11的电能是由动力电池I提供。
[0008] 温度感应控制装置部分，是由一个温度采集器7、两个温控开关6和6’、泵5与两台风机11组成。温度采集器7的温度感应触点设置在动力电池I的表面中心位置，温度感应控制电路图如图4所示。
附图说明
[0009] 图1智能控温动力电池复合冷却系统结构图 图2智能控温动力电池复合冷却系统主视图
图3冷板壳体底部俯视剖面图 图4控制电路图。
[0010] 具体实施方法
电动汽车在运行中，动力电池I会以不同的放电倍率放电，这将弓I起动力电池I温度的升高，当动力电池I开始放电时产热量不太大，电池温度是缓慢升高的。此时，系统的温控开关6与6’都是断开的，液冷系统的泵5与风机11是不运转的。动力电池I的主要散热方式是通过铝制冷板I壳体内的相变材料9吸热以及壳体底部翅片8的对外散热来实现的。通过这两种散热方式可以使动力电池在正常运行情况下保持合适的温度，并且保证电池单体温度的均与性。此时系统无需消耗能量，却依然有着良好的散热效果。
[0011] 当动力电池I的温度逐渐升高，温度采集仪7采集到电池外表面温度升高达到40°C时，系统内的相变材料9和翅片8无法满足电池散热的需要，此时温控开关6’闭合，两台风机11开启运转，通过强制空气对流增加翅片的散热，进而降低电池组的温度。
[0012] 当动力电池I运行环境比较恶劣(如夏季)或者短时间大功率放电时，动力电池I的温度进而急剧升高，严重影响电池的性能。此时，系统内的相变材料9、翅片8与风机11无法满足电池散热的需要，当温度采集仪7采集到电池外表面温度升高达到50°C时，温控开关6闭合，泵5开启运转，驱动液体冷却工质3在蛇形铜管10内流动，冷却工质3进入壳体底部，与壳体内底面的相变材料8进行换热，将相变材料8所吸收的动力电池I热量迅速带走，冷却工质3循环流入外部换热器，电动汽车行驶时的迎风将外部换热器的热量带走，达到了散热的目的。
[0013] 当动力电池I无需大功率发电时，电池的发热量逐步降低，此时，温度采集仪7采集到电池外表面温度降低到50°C以下时，温控开关6断开，泵5停止运转，液体冷却工质3在蛇形铜管10内不在流动，此时的液体冷却系统处于关闭状态；风机11仍然运转，保持电池的热量继续快速带走，如果电池温度降低到40°C—下，温控开关6’断开，风机11停止运转，此时动力电池I的散热方式是依靠铝制冷板I壳体内的相变材料9吸热以及壳体底部翅片8的对外散热来实现。
[0014] 本系统的散热方式可以根据动力电池实际产热情况进行自动控制和切换。仅在特殊工况下(剧烈产热或恶劣气候)才需要采用主动式的能耗装置(风冷与液体冷却系统)，其它情况是采用无能耗的被动式散热结构(相变冷却和冷板翅片冷却)，在保障动力电池在适宜的温度下运行的同时，最大限度节约电池的能量，进而提高了动力电池的整体能量利用效率。
[0015] 本系统中所用的相变材料的相变温度为35°C _50°C，可以是由在石蜡中掺杂其他材料组成的复合材料。如掺杂不同质量分数的石墨，发泡铝，碳纤维或碳纳米管等所组成的复合相变材料。
[0016] 本系统中所用的液体冷却工质可以采用水，矿物油，防冻液或乙二醇，也可以采用由添加有不同类型纳米粉体与水制成的纳米流体，如Si02/水纳米流体，CuO/水纳米
本系统中温控开关的控制温度可以根据不同动力电池的性能和要求手动调整，进而使系统能灵活的满足不同电动汽车的温控需求。(如锂电池和镍氢电池，铅酸电池等)，通过温控来调节不同温度，使冷却系统满足它的要求，因而适用能力广。
[0017] 以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了详细描述，但本发明并不限制于以上描述的具体实施例，其只是作为范例。对于本领域技术人员而言，任何对该进行的等同修改和替代也都在本发明的范畴之中。因此，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围下所作出的均等变换和修改，都应涵盖在本发明的范围内。
Claims (9)
1.一种新型能源汽车的电池冷却系统，动力电池复合冷却装置部分采用金属冷板来提高电池组与相变材料的热导率，在金属冷板壳体内填充相变材料，通过相变材料吸热，在结构的内部布置了 一个盘管式散热器，内部通入液体冷却工质，进而带着电池的热量，在外部布置风机，通过强制风冷加快电池热量散发。
2.温度感应控制装置部分设计温控感应与开关进行温度控制，电池冷却可分阶段自动调节控制，达到智能温控的目的。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种智能温控动力电池复合冷却系统，其特征在于，所述动力电池复合冷却装置部分，是由铝制冷板外壳2、相变材料9、翅片8、蛇形铜管10、风机11构成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种智能温控动力电池复合冷却系统，其特征在于，温度感应控制装置部分是由一个温度采集器7、两个温控开关6和6’、泵5与两台风机11组成。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种智能温控动力电池复合冷却系统，其特征在于，所述铝制冷板外壳2加工成为带有凹槽型的空壳结构，在凹槽内部可以并排嵌入多个动力电池。
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种智能温控动力电池复合冷却系统，其特征在于，铝板外壳2底板上安装了散热翅片8。
7.根据权利要求2所述的一种智能温控动力电池复合冷却系统，其特征在于，在翅片8中布置了两台风机11。
8.根据权利要求2所述的一种智能温控动力电池复合冷却系统，其特征在于，铝板制空壳体内部填充有相变材料9。
9.根据权利要求2所述的一种智能温控动力电池复合冷却系统，其特征在于，蛇形铜管10埋于壳体底部，与相变材料9接触。
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Application publication date: 20140611 |