CN103852250B - A kind of crop machinery strength dials standing grain test unit - Google Patents

A kind of crop machinery strength dials standing grain test unit Download PDF

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CN103852250B
CN103852250B CN201410123583.7A CN201410123583A CN103852250B CN 103852250 B CN103852250 B CN 103852250B CN 201410123583 A CN201410123583 A CN 201410123583A CN 103852250 B CN103852250 B CN 103852250B
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reeling
box
fixed
crop
frame
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CN103852250A (en
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付君
任露泉
张志辉
钱志辉
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Jilin University
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Jilin University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种作物机械气力拨禾试验装置,由拨禾机构、夹持行走机构和轨迹测试机构构成;本发明用光电继电器测试作物轨迹,通过转向步进电机调节气流角度,通过阀门控制气流通断,通过调压阀调节气流强度,通过行走步进电机调节作物与拨禾装置之间的水平距离,通过油缸调节作物与拨禾装置之间的垂直距离,通过夹板调节作物拨禾密度,通过变频器调节机械拨禾机构转速,通过更换拨禾杆调节拨禾频率,通过拨禾杆上的孔变换不同的辅助拨禾部件,实现在气流角度、气流厚度、气流强度、拨禾距离、拨禾高度、拨禾密度、拨禾转速、拨禾频率、不同拨禾部件等因素的拨禾轨迹测试。本发明能够测试多种拨禾作业环境,并且作物拨禾轨迹可显示。

The invention discloses a mechanical pneumatic reeling test device for crops, which is composed of a reeling mechanism, a clamping walking mechanism and a trajectory testing mechanism; the invention uses a photoelectric relay to test the crop trajectory, adjusts the airflow angle by turning to a stepping motor, and controls it through a valve. When the air flow is cut off, adjust the airflow intensity through the pressure regulating valve, adjust the horizontal distance between the crop and the reeling device through the walking stepping motor, adjust the vertical distance between the crop and the reeling device through the oil cylinder, and adjust the reeling density of the crop through the splint , adjust the speed of the mechanical reeling mechanism through the frequency converter, adjust the reeling frequency by replacing the reed rod, change different auxiliary reed parts through the holes on the reed rod, and realize the airflow angle, airflow thickness, airflow intensity, and reeling distance. , Reeling height, reeding density, reeding speed, reeding frequency, different reeding parts and other factors of the reeling track test. The invention can test a variety of reeling operation environments, and the reeling track of crops can be displayed.

Description

一种作物机械气力拨禾试验装置A mechanical pneumatic reeling test device for crops

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种作物拨禾试验装置,尤其是涉及一种作物机械拨禾和气力拨禾的试验装置,属于农业机械领域。The invention relates to a crop reeling test device, in particular to a crop mechanical reeling and pneumatic reeling test device, which belongs to the field of agricultural machinery.

背景技术Background technique

作物收获过程中通过拨禾机构将作物送入收割部件,能够增加作物收获的喂入量,从而提高作物收获效率。小麦、大豆等作物收获机械中广泛应用拨禾机构,现有农业收获机械中主要采用机械拨禾机构和气力拨禾机构。机械拨禾机构应用领域最广泛,并在多种作物收获机械中实现了通用,机械式拨禾机构主要采用杆件与弹簧拨指组合的方式,并布置在收获机械的前部。气力拨禾机构应用较少,通常布置在收获机械前部,作为割前摘穗的辅助部件。目前仍然存在以下问题:不同作物种类、作为种植密度对拨禾方式、拨禾部件结构、拨禾速度、拨禾高度的要求不同,采用相同的拨禾机构和拨禾作业参数,容易造成作物果实颗粒飞溅、作物果实表面损伤、喂入量不足、作物倒伏等问题。During the crop harvesting process, the crops are sent to the harvesting unit through the reeling mechanism, which can increase the feeding amount of the crops, thereby improving the efficiency of the crops harvesting. The reeling mechanism is widely used in crop harvesting machines such as wheat and soybeans, and the mechanical reeling mechanism and the pneumatic reeling mechanism are mainly used in the existing agricultural harvesting machinery. The mechanical reeling mechanism is the most widely used and has been used in various crop harvesting machines. The mechanical reeling mechanism mainly uses a combination of rods and spring fingers, and is arranged at the front of the harvesting machine. Pneumatic reeling mechanism is rarely used, and is usually arranged at the front of the harvesting machine as an auxiliary part for ear picking before cutting. At present, there are still the following problems: different crop types, as planting densities, have different requirements for reeling methods, reeling component structures, reeling speeds, and reeling heights. Using the same reeling mechanism and reeling operation parameters is likely to cause crop fruit Particle splashing, crop fruit surface damage, insufficient feeding, crop lodging and other problems.

综观上述技术现状,急需一种能够测试不同作物品种、不同种植密度、不同拨禾机构、不同拨禾作业参数、作物拨禾轨迹可记录显示的谷物拨禾试验装置。Looking at the current state of the art above, there is an urgent need for a grain reeling test device that can test different crop varieties, different planting densities, different reeling mechanisms, different reeling operation parameters, and recordable and displayed crop reeling trajectories.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的在于提供一种达到上述目的、拨禾试验环境可调、拨禾农艺参数可调、拨禾轨迹测试准确的作物机械气力拨禾试验装置。The object of the present invention is to provide a crop mechanical pneumatic reeling test device which achieves the above purpose, adjustable reeding test environment, adjustable reeding agronomic parameters, and accurate reeding track test.

本发明包括有拨禾机构、夹持行走机构和轨迹测试机构,拨禾机构位于夹持行走机构后部,轨迹测试机构嵌套在夹持行走机构外部,拨禾机构包括有气力拨禾机构、机械拨禾机构、拨禾机架和仪表箱,气力拨禾机构固定在拨禾机架的上部,机械拨禾机构固定在拨禾机架的上部前端,仪表箱固定在拨禾机架的中部外侧;气力拨禾机构包括有鼓风机、底座、三通、抽风机、调压阀、流量计、阀门、转向步进电机、气流分配箱、轴承座、气窗和气管,鼓风机和抽风机分别固定在底座上,三通连接鼓风机和抽风机,阀门均布在气流分配箱侧面并与流量计和调压阀连接,气管均布在气流分配箱上侧并与气窗连接,气嘴均布在安装座上构成气窗,气窗通过轴承座固定在拨禾机架上并用转向步进电机改变气流方向;机械拨禾机构包括有调速电机、变频器、拨禾杆、辐板和圆盘,调速电机固定在拨禾机架的中部外侧,变频器安装在仪表箱左侧,辐板用螺栓均匀固定在圆盘上,拨禾杆用螺栓固定在两侧的辐板上;夹持行走机构包括有滑轮、行走机架、底盘、载物台、油缸、滑杆、夹板、作物、滑轨、行走步进电机和行走轮,夹板通过滑杆固定在载物台上,通过夹板固定作物,油缸固定在底盘上实现载物台的升降,行走轮在行走步进电机的转动下行驶,从而使滑轮在行走机架的滑轨上行驶;轨迹测试机构包括有发射箱、显示箱、指示灯、测试机架、反射箱和光电传感器,发射箱和反射箱等高相向固定在测试机架上,显示箱等高反向固定在发射箱上,光电传感器分别均匀安装在发射箱和反射箱上,指示灯均匀安装在显示箱上。The invention includes a reeling mechanism, a clamping walking mechanism and a track testing mechanism. The reeling mechanism is located at the rear of the clamping walking mechanism, and the track testing mechanism is nested outside the clamping walking mechanism. The reeling mechanism includes a pneumatic reeling mechanism, Mechanical reeling mechanism, reeling frame and instrument box, the pneumatic reeling mechanism is fixed on the upper part of the reeding frame, the mechanical reeling mechanism is fixed on the upper front end of the reeding frame, and the instrument box is fixed on the middle part of the reeding frame Outside; the pneumatic reeling mechanism includes a blower, a base, a tee, an exhaust fan, a pressure regulating valve, a flow meter, a valve, a steering stepping motor, an air distribution box, a bearing seat, a transom and an air pipe, and the blower and the exhaust fan are respectively fixed on On the base, the tee is connected to the blower and exhaust fan, the valves are evenly distributed on the side of the air distribution box and connected to the flow meter and pressure regulating valve, the air pipes are evenly distributed on the upper side of the air distribution box and connected to the air window, and the air nozzles are evenly distributed on the installation The air window is formed on the top, and the air window is fixed on the reed frame through the bearing seat and the direction of the airflow is changed by a steering stepping motor; It is fixed on the outside of the middle part of the reed frame, the frequency converter is installed on the left side of the instrument box, the radial plate is evenly fixed on the disc with bolts, and the reel is fixed on the radial plates on both sides with bolts; the clamping walking mechanism includes: Pulley, walking frame, chassis, stage, oil cylinder, slide rod, splint, crop, slide rail, walking stepping motor and traveling wheel, the splint is fixed on the stage by the slide bar, the crop is fixed by the splint, and the oil cylinder is fixed The lifting and lowering of the loading platform is realized on the chassis, and the walking wheels run under the rotation of the walking stepping motor, so that the pulleys run on the slide rails of the walking frame; the track testing mechanism includes a launch box, a display box, an indicator light, a test Rack, reflection box and photoelectric sensor, the launch box and the reflection box are fixed on the test frame at the same height, the display box is fixed on the launch box at the same height, and the photoelectric sensors are evenly installed on the launch box and the reflection box respectively, indicating The lights are evenly mounted on the display box.

所述的气管采用橡胶软管,便于随气窗的转动而移动。The air pipe adopts a rubber hose, which is convenient to move with the rotation of the air window.

所述的机械拨禾机构,圆盘的圆周方向均布安装孔,辐板均布安装孔,拨禾杆轴向均布安装孔。In the mechanical reeling mechanism, installation holes are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the disk, installation holes are evenly distributed in the radial plate, and installation holes are evenly distributed in the axial direction of the bat.

所述的轨迹测试机构,光电传感器与指示灯通过继电器控制,实现发光信号遮挡后指示灯的常亮,以记忆作物拨禾运动状态;光电传感器的外径为M12,光电传感器的横向和纵向分布间距相等,分布间距为15mm~20mm;测试机架侧面设置等距离安装孔,根据作物高度的不同进行发射箱、反射箱、显示箱的高度调节。In the track testing mechanism, the photoelectric sensor and the indicator light are controlled by a relay to realize the constant lighting of the indicator light after the light-emitting signal is blocked, so as to remember the state of crop reeling movement; the outer diameter of the photoelectric sensor is M12, and the horizontal and vertical distribution of the photoelectric sensor is M12. The spacing is equal, and the distribution spacing is 15mm to 20mm; equidistant mounting holes are set on the side of the test frame, and the height of the launch box, reflector box, and display box is adjusted according to the height of the crop.

本发明的工作过程和原理为:Working process and principle of the present invention are:

启动鼓风机为气力拨禾装置提供气流动力,气流通过气窗吹向作物,当作物向前倒伏接触到光电传感器的激光束时,每个被遮挡的激光束对应的指示灯变亮,当作物处于气吹倒伏平衡状态时,显示箱上呈现出作物气吹倒伏轨迹的所有亮点,用包络法连接上述亮点形成作物气吹拨禾倒伏轨迹图;启动抽风机为气力拨禾装置提供气流动力,气流通过气窗被抽吸,当作物向后倒伏接触到光电传感器的激光束时,每个被遮挡的激光束对应的指示灯变亮,当作物处于气吸倒伏平衡状态时,显示箱上呈现出作物气吸倒伏轨迹的所有亮点,用包络法连接上述亮点形成作物气吸拨禾倒伏轨迹图;在气力拨禾试验过程中,通过转向步进电机调节气窗的气流喷射角度,通过阀门控制气窗每一排的气流通断,通过调压阀调节气窗的气流强度,通过行走步进电机调节作物与气流拨禾装置之间的水平距离,通过油缸调节作物与气流拨禾装置之间的垂直距离,通过夹板调节作物拨禾密度,从而在显示箱上呈现作物在不同气流角度、不同气流厚度、不同气流强度、不同拨禾距离、不同拨禾高度、不同拨禾密度条件下的气力拨禾运动轨迹,并记录流量计、调压阀、仪表箱上的工作的工作参数。启动调速电机带动机械拨禾机构转动,当作物向前倒伏接触到光电传感器的激光束时,每个被遮挡的激光束对应的指示灯变亮,当机械拨禾机构停止转动时,显示箱上被遮挡激光对应的指示灯仍然亮,从而记忆拨禾过程中作物的运动轨迹,用包络法连接上述亮点形成作物机械拨禾倒伏轨迹图;通过变频器调节调速电机转速,通过行走步进电机调节作物与机械拨禾装置之间的水平距离,通过油缸调节作物与机械拨禾装置之间的垂直距离,通过更换拨禾杆调节拨禾频率、通过在拨禾杆上安装不同的辅助拨禾部件改变机械拨禾结构,通过夹板调节作物拨禾密度,从而在显示箱上呈现作物在不同拨禾转速、不同拨禾距离、不同拨禾频率、不同拨禾部件、不同拨禾密度条件下的机械拨禾运动轨迹,并记录仪表箱上的工作的工作参数。Start the blower to provide airflow power for the pneumatic reeling device. The airflow blows to the crops through the air window. When the crops fall forward and touch the laser beam of the photoelectric sensor, the indicator light corresponding to each blocked laser beam will light up. When the crops are in the air When the blowing lodging is in balance, the display box shows all the bright spots of the air-blown lodging track of the crop, and the above-mentioned bright spots are connected by the envelope method to form a lodging track map of the crop air-blown reel; start the exhaust fan to provide airflow power for the pneumatic reel device, and the airflow When the crops are sucked through the air window, when the crops fall backwards and touch the laser beams of the photoelectric sensor, the indicator light corresponding to each blocked laser beam will light up. When the crops are in the air suction lodging equilibrium state, the display box will show All the bright points of the air suction lodging trajectory are connected by the envelope method to form the crop air suction reeling lodging trajectory diagram; The air flow of a row is cut off, the airflow intensity of the transom is adjusted through the pressure regulating valve, the horizontal distance between the crops and the air reeling device is adjusted through the walking stepping motor, and the vertical distance between the crops and the air reeling device is adjusted through the oil cylinder. The crop reeling density is adjusted by the splint, so that the pneumatic reeling trajectory of the crops under different airflow angles, different airflow thicknesses, different airflow intensities, different reeling distances, different reeling heights, and different reeling densities are displayed on the display box , and record the working parameters of the flowmeter, pressure regulating valve, and instrument box. Start the speed-regulating motor to drive the mechanical reeling mechanism to rotate. When the crops fall forward and touch the laser beam of the photoelectric sensor, the indicator lights corresponding to each blocked laser beam will light up. When the mechanical reeling mechanism stops rotating, the display box will The indicator light corresponding to the blocked laser is still on, so as to memorize the movement track of the crop during the reeling process, and use the envelope method to connect the above bright spots to form a lodging track diagram of the mechanical reeling of crops; The motor adjusts the horizontal distance between the crop and the mechanical reeling device, adjusts the vertical distance between the crop and the mechanical reeling device through the oil cylinder, adjusts the reeling frequency by changing the reeling rod, and installs different auxiliary devices on the reeling rod. The reeling parts change the mechanical reeling structure, and adjust the crop reeling density through the splint, so that the conditions of different reeling speeds, different reeling distances, different reeling frequencies, different reeling parts, and different reeling densities of crops are displayed on the display box Under the mechanical reeling movement track, and record the working parameters of the work on the instrument box.

本发明与现有技术相比,具有如下优点:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

1、采用光电传感器作为信号发射装置,采用指示灯作为信号显示装置,更加利于采用包络法显示记录作物拨禾运动轨迹。1. The photoelectric sensor is used as the signal transmitting device, and the indicator light is used as the signal display device, which is more conducive to using the envelope method to display and record the trajectory of crop reeling.

2、气力拨禾机构采用多排气嘴,并用步进电机控制气流方向,用调压阀控制流速,用阀门控制每排气嘴的气流通断,更利于测试气流方向、气流厚度、气流强度对拨禾效果的影响。2. The pneumatic reeling mechanism adopts multiple exhaust nozzles, and uses a stepping motor to control the airflow direction, uses a pressure regulating valve to control the flow rate, and uses a valve to control the air flow of each exhaust nozzle, which is more conducive to testing the airflow direction, airflow thickness, and airflow intensity Influence on reeling effect.

3、机械拨禾机构采用调速电机控制转速,采用多孔的辐板、拨禾杆作为拨禾部件,能够更利于测试转速、频率、部件结构对拨禾效果的影响。3. The mechanical reeling mechanism adopts a speed-regulating motor to control the speed, and uses porous radial plates and reed rods as reed parts, which can be more conducive to testing the influence of speed, frequency and component structure on the reeling effect.

4、夹持行进机构采用夹板固定作物,采用步进电机调节作物与拨禾机构的水平距离,采用油缸调节作物与拨禾机构的垂直距离,能够更加利于测试作物密度、拨禾距离对拨禾效果的影响。4. The clamping and moving mechanism uses splints to fix the crops, uses a stepping motor to adjust the horizontal distance between the crops and the reeling mechanism, and uses an oil cylinder to adjust the vertical distance between the crops and the reeling mechanism, which is more conducive to testing the crop density and the reeling distance. The impact of the effect.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明实施例的立体示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention.

图2是本发明实施例的拨禾机构立体示意图。Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the reeling mechanism of the embodiment of the present invention.

图3是本发明实施例的夹持行走机构立体示意图。Fig. 3 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the clamping and traveling mechanism of the embodiment of the present invention.

图4是拨禾机构中的气窗立体示意图。Fig. 4 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the transom in the reeling mechanism.

其中:1—拨禾机构;2—气管;3—发射箱;4—显示箱;5—拨禾机架;6—指示灯;7—转向步进电机;8—调速电机;9—流量计;10—调压阀;11—阀门;12—仪表箱;13—鼓风机;14—底座;15—三通;16—变频器;17—抽风机;18—夹持行走机构;19—滑轮;20—测试机架;21—行走机架;22—底盘;23—载物台;24—油缸;25—滑杆;26—夹板;27—作物;28—反射箱;29—光电传感器;30—轨迹测试机构;31—气流分配箱;32—轴承座;33—气力拨禾机构;34—气窗;35—机械拨禾机构;36—拨禾杆;37—辐板;38—圆盘;39—滑轨;40—行走步进电机;41—行走轮;42—气嘴;43—安装座。Among them: 1—reeling mechanism; 2—trachea; 3—launch box; 4—display box; 5—reeling frame; 6—indicating light; 7—steering stepper motor; Meter; 10—pressure regulating valve; 11—valve; 12—instrument box; 13—blower; 14—base; 15—tee; 16—inverter; ;20—test frame; 21—walking frame; 22—chassis; 23—stage; 24—oil cylinder; 25—slider; 26—splint; 27—crop; 30—track testing mechanism; 31—air distribution box; 32—bearing seat; 33—pneumatic reel mechanism; 34—transom; 35—mechanical reel mechanism; ; 39—sliding rail; 40—walking stepping motor; 41—traveling wheel; 42—air nozzle; 43—mounting seat.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

请参阅图1、图2、图3和图4所示,本实施例包括有拨禾机构1、夹持行走机构18和轨迹测试机构30,拨禾机构1位于夹持行走机构18后部,轨迹测试机构30嵌套在夹持行走机构18外部,拨禾机构1包括有气力拨禾机构33、机械拨禾机构35、拨禾机架5和仪表箱12,气力拨禾机构33固定在拨禾机架5的上部,机械拨禾机构35固定在拨禾机架5的上部前端,仪表箱12固定在拨禾机架5的中部外侧;气力拨禾机构33包括有鼓风机13、底座14、三通15、抽风机17、调压阀10、流量计9、阀门11、转向步进电机7、气流分配箱31、轴承座32、气窗34和气管2,鼓风机13和抽风机17分别固定在底座14上,三通15连接鼓风机13和抽风机17,阀门11均布在气流分配箱31侧面并与流量计9和调压阀10连接,气管2均布在气流分配箱31上侧并与气窗34连接,气嘴42均布在安装座43上构成气窗34,气窗34通过轴承座32固定在拨禾机架5上并用转向步进电机7改变气流方向;机械拨禾机构35包括有调速电机8、变频器16、拨禾杆36、辐板37和圆盘38,调速电机8固定在拨禾机架5的中部外侧,变频器16安装在仪表箱12左侧,辐板37用螺栓均匀固定在圆盘38上,拨禾杆36用螺栓固定在两侧的辐板37上;夹持行走机构18包括有滑轮19、行走机架21、底盘22、载物台23、油缸24、滑杆25、夹板26、作物27、滑轨39、行走步进电机40和行走轮41,夹板26通过滑杆25固定在载物台23上,通过夹板26固定作物27,油缸24固定在底盘22上实现载物台23的升降,行走轮41在行走步进电机40的转动下行驶,从而使滑轮19在行走机架21的滑轨19上行驶;轨迹测试机构30包括有发射箱3、显示箱4、指示灯6、测试机架20、反射箱28和光电传感器29,发射箱3和反射箱28等高相向固定在测试机架20上,显示箱4等高反向固定在发射箱3上,光电传感器29分别均匀安装在发射箱3和反射箱28上,指示灯6均匀安装在显示箱4上。Please refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and shown in Fig. 4, present embodiment includes reeling mechanism 1, clamping traveling mechanism 18 and track testing mechanism 30, reeling mechanism 1 is positioned at clamping traveling mechanism 18 rear parts, The track testing mechanism 30 is nested outside the clamping walking mechanism 18. The reeling mechanism 1 includes a pneumatic reeling mechanism 33, a mechanical reeling mechanism 35, a reeling frame 5 and an instrument box 12, and the pneumatic reeling mechanism 33 is fixed on the reeling mechanism. On the top of the grain reeling frame 5, the mechanical reeling grain mechanism 35 is fixed on the upper front end of the reeling grain frame 5, and the meter box 12 is fixed on the outside of the middle part of the grain reeling frame 5; Tee 15, exhaust fan 17, pressure regulating valve 10, flow meter 9, valve 11, turn to stepper motor 7, air flow distribution box 31, bearing block 32, transom 34 and trachea 2, blower 13 and exhaust fan 17 are respectively fixed on On the base 14, the tee 15 is connected to the blower 13 and the exhaust fan 17, the valve 11 is evenly distributed on the side of the air distribution box 31 and connected with the flow meter 9 and the pressure regulating valve 10, and the air pipe 2 is evenly distributed on the upper side of the air distribution box 31 and connected to the air distribution box 31. Transom 34 is connected, and air nozzle 42 is evenly distributed on mounting seat 43 and constitutes transom 34, and transom 34 is fixed on the reel frame 5 by bearing seat 32 and changes airflow direction with steering stepper motor 7; Speed motor 8, frequency converter 16, reed rod 36, spoke plate 37 and disc 38, speed regulating motor 8 is fixed on the outside of the middle part of reel frame 5, frequency converter 16 is installed on the left side of instrument box 12, and spoke plate 37 Be evenly fixed on the disc 38 with bolts, and the bat 36 is fixed on the spoke plates 37 on both sides with bolts; the clamping travel mechanism 18 includes a pulley 19, a walking frame 21, a chassis 22, a stage 23, and an oil cylinder 24, slide bar 25, splint 26, crop 27, slide rail 39, walking stepping motor 40 and travel wheel 41, splint 26 is fixed on the stage 23 by slide bar 25, crop 27 is fixed by splint 26, oil cylinder 24 is fixed On the chassis 22, the lifting of the loading platform 23 is realized, and the traveling wheel 41 travels under the rotation of the traveling stepper motor 40, so that the pulley 19 travels on the slide rail 19 of the traveling frame 21; the track testing mechanism 30 includes a launching box 3. Display box 4, indicator light 6, test frame 20, reflector box 28 and photoelectric sensor 29, launch box 3 and reflector box 28 are fixed on the test frame 20 at equal heights, and display box 4 is fixed on the test frame at the opposite height. On the launch box 3, the photoelectric sensor 29 is evenly installed on the launch box 3 and the reflector box 28 respectively, and the indicator light 6 is evenly installed on the display box 4.

Claims (4)

1.一种作物机械气力拨禾试验装置,其特征在于:包括有拨禾机构(1)、夹持行走机构(18)和轨迹测试机构(30),拨禾机构(1)位于夹持行走机构(18)后部,轨迹测试机构(30)嵌套在夹持行走机构(18)外部,拨禾机构(1)包括有气力拨禾机构(33)、机械拨禾机构(35)、拨禾机架(5)和仪表箱(12),气力拨禾机构(33)固定在拨禾机架(5)的上部,机械拨禾机构(35)固定在拨禾机架(5)的上部前端,仪表箱(12)固定在拨禾机架(5)的中部外侧;气力拨禾机构(33)包括有鼓风机(13)、底座(14)、三通(15)、抽风机(17)、调压阀(10)、流量计(9)、阀门(11)、转向步进电机(7)、气流分配箱(31)、轴承座(32)、气窗(34)和气管(2),鼓风机(13)和抽风机(17)分别固定在底座(14)上,三通(15)连接鼓风机(13)和抽风机(17),阀门(11)均布在气流分配箱(31)侧面并与流量计(9)和调压阀(10)连接,气管(2)均布在气流分配箱(31)上侧并与气窗(34)连接,气嘴(42)均布在安装座(43)上构成气窗(34),气窗(34)通过轴承座(32)固定在拨禾机架(5)上并用转向步进电机(7)改变气流方向;机械拨禾机构(35)包括有调速电机(8)、变频器(16)、拨禾杆(36)、辐板(37)和圆盘(38),调速电机(8)固定在拨禾机架(5)的中部外侧,变频器(16)安装在仪表箱(12)左侧,辐板(37)用螺栓均匀固定在圆盘(38)上,拨禾杆(36)用螺栓固定在两侧的辐板(37)上;夹持行走机构(18)包括有滑轮(19)、行走机架(21)、底盘(22)、载物台(23)、油缸(24)、滑杆(25)、夹板(26)、作物(27)、滑轨(39)、行走步进电机(40)和行走轮(41),夹板(26)通过滑杆(25)固定在载物台(23)上,通过夹板(26)固定作物(27),油缸(24)固定在底盘(22)上实现载物台(23)的升降,行走轮(41)在行走步进电机(40)的转动下行驶,从而使滑轮(19)在行走机架(21)的滑轨(19)上行驶;轨迹测试机构(30)包括有发射箱(3)、显示箱(4)、指示灯(6)、测试机架(20)、反射箱(28)和光电传感器(29),发射箱(3)和反射箱(28)等高相向固定在测试机架(20)上,显示箱(4)等高反向固定在发射箱(3)上,光电传感器(29)分别均匀安装在发射箱(3)和反射箱(28)上,指示灯(6)均匀安装在显示箱(4)上。1. A mechanical pneumatic reeling test device for crops, characterized in that: it includes a reeling mechanism (1), a clamping walking mechanism (18) and a track testing mechanism (30), and the reeling mechanism (1) is located at the clamping and walking At the rear of the mechanism (18), the track testing mechanism (30) is nested outside the clamping walking mechanism (18), and the reeling mechanism (1) includes a pneumatic reeling mechanism (33), a mechanical reeling mechanism (35), Grain frame (5) and instrument box (12), pneumatic reel mechanism (33) is fixed on the upper part of reel frame (5), mechanical reel mechanism (35) is fixed on the upper part of reel frame (5) The front end, the instrument box (12) is fixed on the outside of the middle part of the reeling frame (5); the pneumatic reeling mechanism (33) includes a blower (13), a base (14), a tee (15), and an exhaust fan (17) , pressure regulating valve (10), flow meter (9), valve (11), steering stepper motor (7), air distribution box (31), bearing seat (32), transom (34) and air pipe (2), The blower (13) and exhaust fan (17) are fixed on the base (14) respectively, the tee (15) connects the blower (13) and the exhaust fan (17), and the valves (11) are evenly distributed on the side of the air distribution box (31) And connect with the flow meter (9) and the pressure regulating valve (10), the air pipe (2) is evenly distributed on the upper side of the air distribution box (31) and connected with the louver (34), and the air nozzle (42) is evenly distributed on the mounting seat ( 43) constitutes the transom (34), the transom (34) is fixed on the reel frame (5) through the bearing seat (32) and uses the steering stepper motor (7) to change the airflow direction; the mechanical reel mechanism (35) includes Speed-regulating motor (8), frequency converter (16), reed pole (36), spoke plate (37) and disc (38), and speed-regulating motor (8) is fixed on the outside of the middle part of the reeling frame (5) , the frequency converter (16) is installed on the left side of the instrument box (12), the spoke plate (37) is evenly fixed on the disc (38) with bolts, and the bat (36) is fixed on the spoke plates (37) on both sides with bolts ) on; clamping travel mechanism (18) includes pulley (19), travel frame (21), chassis (22), stage (23), oil cylinder (24), slide bar (25), splint (26 ), crops (27), slide rails (39), walking stepper motors (40) and road wheels (41), the splint (26) is fixed on the stage (23) through the slide bar (25), and the splint ( 26) Fix the crop (27), the oil cylinder (24) is fixed on the chassis (22) to realize the lifting of the loading platform (23), and the walking wheel (41) runs under the rotation of the walking stepping motor (40), so that the pulley (19) Travel on the slide rail (19) of the walking frame (21); the track test mechanism (30) includes a launch box (3), a display box (4), an indicator light (6), a test frame (20 ), the reflection box (28) and the photoelectric sensor (29), the launch box (3) and the reflection box (28) are fixed on the test frame (20) at equal heights, and the display box (4) is fixed on the launcher Box (3) on, light The electric sensor (29) is evenly installed on the launch box (3) and the reflection box (28) respectively, and the indicator light (6) is evenly installed on the display box (4). 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种作物机械气力拨禾试验装置,其特征在于:所述的气管(2)采用橡胶软管,便于随气窗(34)的转动而移动。2. A mechanical pneumatic reeling test device for crops according to claim 1, characterized in that: the air pipe (2) adopts a rubber hose, which is convenient to move with the rotation of the air window (34). 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种作物机械气力拨禾试验装置,其特征在于:所述机械拨禾机构(35)的圆盘(38)的圆周方向均布安装孔,辐板(37)均布安装孔,拨禾杆(36)轴向均布安装孔。3. A mechanical pneumatic reeling test device for crops according to claim 1, characterized in that: the disc (38) of the mechanical reeling mechanism (35) has installation holes evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the radial plate (37 ) uniformly distributed mounting holes, and the axially uniformly distributed mounting holes of the bat (36). 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种作物机械气力拨禾试验装置,其特征在于:所述轨迹测试机构(30)的光电传感器(29)与指示灯(6)通过继电器控制,实现发光信号遮挡后指示灯的常亮,以记忆作物拨禾运动状态;光电传感器(29)的外径为M12,光电传感器(29)的横向和纵向分布间距相等,分布间距为15mm~20mm;测试机架(20)侧面设置等距离安装孔,根据作物(27)高度的不同进行发射箱(3)、反射箱(28)和显示箱(4)的高度调节。4. A mechanical pneumatic reeling test device for crops according to claim 1, characterized in that: the photoelectric sensor (29) and indicator light (6) of the track testing mechanism (30) are controlled by a relay to realize the luminous signal After blocking, the indicator light is always on to remember the state of crop reeling movement; the outer diameter of the photoelectric sensor (29) is M12, and the horizontal and vertical distribution spacing of the photoelectric sensor (29) is equal, and the distribution spacing is 15mm to 20mm; the test frame (20) Install equidistant mounting holes on the side, and adjust the height of the launch box (3), reflection box (28) and display box (4) according to the height of the crop (27).
CN201410123583.7A 2014-03-29 2014-03-29 A kind of crop machinery strength dials standing grain test unit Expired - Fee Related CN103852250B (en)

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