CN103850769B - A kind of automotive muffler controlling reproduced air-flow noise - Google Patents
A kind of automotive muffler controlling reproduced air-flow noise Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明为一种控制气流再生噪声的汽车消声器，与壳体轴向垂直的第一、二隔板，将壳体内部隔成第一、二扩张腔室和阻性消声器室；进气管、过渡管和出气管与壳体轴向平行相互间隔设置。进气管穿过前端盖和第一、二隔板，伸入第二扩张腔室；出气管一端位于第一扩张腔室内，出气管穿过第一、二隔板和后端盖穿出；过渡管的一端位于第一扩张腔室内，穿过第一、二隔板后伸入第二扩张腔室。阻性消声腔室内的出气管和过渡管、第二扩张腔室内的出气管管壁上有微孔。进气管的出口端为扩张口结构。壳体、前后端盖内壁及出气管最后段覆有吸音棉。进入本消声器的气流经过三管和三室多次压缩和扩张，气流平滑过渡，速度逐步降低，明显降低气流再生噪声。
The invention is an automobile muffler for controlling airflow regeneration noise. The first and second partitions perpendicular to the axial direction of the casing divide the inside of the casing into first and second expansion chambers and a resistive muffler chamber; The pipe and the air outlet pipe are arranged in parallel to the axial direction of the housing and spaced apart from each other. The air inlet pipe passes through the front end cover and the first and second partitions, and extends into the second expansion chamber; one end of the outlet pipe is located in the first expansion chamber, and the outlet pipe passes through the first and second partitions and the rear end cover; the transition One end of the tube is located in the first expansion chamber, and extends into the second expansion chamber after passing through the first and second partitions. There are micropores on the wall of the air outlet pipe and the transition pipe in the resistive anechoic chamber, and the pipe wall of the air outlet pipe in the second expansion chamber. The outlet end of the air intake pipe is an expansion port structure. The shell, the inner wall of the front and rear end covers and the last section of the outlet pipe are covered with sound-absorbing cotton. The airflow entering the muffler is compressed and expanded multiple times through three tubes and three chambers, the airflow transitions smoothly, and the speed gradually decreases, which significantly reduces the airflow regeneration noise.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及汽车消声技术，具体涉及一种控制气流再生噪声的汽车消声器。The invention relates to automobile noise elimination technology, in particular to an automobile muffler for controlling airflow regeneration noise.
背景技术Background technique
随着对环境要求的提高，世界各国的环境法规中对汽车噪声的限制日益严格。为了适应国内外竞争激烈的汽车市场和社会的可持续发展需求，要求汽车的设计生产者在不过大影响发动机的动力性、经济性的基础上，尽量降低汽车的噪声等级。随着内燃机向高速化发展，汽车噪声问题已成为不得不解决的重要问题。排气噪声是车辆噪声中最主要的噪声源。With the improvement of environmental requirements, the restrictions on automobile noise in the environmental laws and regulations of various countries in the world are becoming increasingly strict. In order to adapt to the highly competitive auto market at home and abroad and the sustainable development needs of the society, auto designers and manufacturers are required to reduce the noise level of the car as much as possible without greatly affecting the power and economy of the engine. With the development of high-speed internal combustion engines, the problem of vehicle noise has become an important problem that has to be solved. Exhaust noise is the most important noise source in vehicle noise.
汽车消声器是现代汽车广泛采用的排气消声装置，是降低发动机噪声的简单而有效的手段。消声器的实际消声性能的好坏直接关系到整车工作时的噪声大小，关乎整车的噪声水平。Automobile muffler is an exhaust muffler device widely used in modern automobiles, and it is a simple and effective means to reduce engine noise. The actual noise reduction performance of the muffler is directly related to the noise level of the whole vehicle when it is working, and is related to the noise level of the whole vehicle.
影响排气噪声最重要的因素是发动机转速和负荷，其原因在于转速增加使排气管道内气流速度增加。高速气流产生再生噪声主要原因有两种。一种是管道内壁或者其他构件在气流碰击下产生振动而辐射噪声，此种为结构噪声。另一种是由于发动机高速的排气气流通过消声器壳内的复杂的结构时，会遇到截面突变、穿孔板、穿孔管、弯头等情况，高速气流将产生强烈湍流运动而引起噪声，此种为湍流噪声。随着气流速度的增加，在消声器内部产生的再生噪声也增加。The most important factor affecting the exhaust noise is the engine speed and load, the reason is that the increase of the speed increases the air velocity in the exhaust pipe. There are two main reasons for high-speed airflow to generate regenerative noise. One is that the inner wall of the pipeline or other components vibrate and radiate noise under the impact of airflow, which is structure noise. The other is that when the high-speed exhaust airflow of the engine passes through the complex structure in the muffler shell, it will encounter sudden changes in section, perforated plates, perforated pipes, elbows, etc., and the high-speed airflow will generate strong turbulent movement and cause noise. is turbulent noise. As the air velocity increases, the regenerative noise generated inside the muffler also increases.
再生噪声对消声器的性能产生巨大影响，使消声器的实际消声效果急剧下降，当再生噪声大到一定程度会使消声器失去消声效果，严重时甚至会使消声器成为噪声放大器。The regenerative noise has a huge impact on the performance of the muffler, and the actual noise reduction effect of the muffler drops sharply. When the regenerative noise is too large, the muffler will lose its muffler effect, and in severe cases, the muffler will even become a noise amplifier.
随着汽车功率增大、内燃机向高速化发展，消声器的气流再生噪声问题成为影响消声器消声性能的重要因素。因此，研制控制气流再生噪声的高性能汽车消声器，对于降低汽车噪声、减少城市环境噪声污染具有重要的意义。With the increase of automobile power and the high-speed development of internal combustion engines, the airflow regeneration noise of mufflers has become an important factor affecting the muffler performance. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a high-performance automobile muffler that controls airflow regeneration noise to reduce automobile noise and urban environmental noise pollution.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是设计一种控制气流再生噪声的汽车消声器，消声器内腔隔为三个腔室，进气管、出气管和过渡管相互间隔布置，使气流在多次压缩扩张中减速后排出，有效降低气流再生噪声。The purpose of the present invention is to design a kind of automobile muffler for controlling airflow regeneration noise. The inner chamber of the muffler is divided into three chambers, and the intake pipe, air outlet pipe and transition pipe are arranged at intervals so that the airflow can be discharged after being decelerated in multiple compressions and expansions. Effectively reduce airflow regeneration noise.
本发明设计的一种控制气流再生噪声的汽车消声器，包括壳体，进气管和出气管，所述进气管穿过壳体前端盖进入壳体，进气管的进口为本消声器的进气端；所述出气管通过壳体的后端盖、穿出消声器，出气管的出口为本消声器的排气端；壳体内设置有与壳体轴向垂直的第一隔板和第二隔板，将壳体内部依次隔离成第一扩张腔室、阻性消声器室和第二扩张腔室三个腔室；所述进气管和出气管与壳体轴向平行设置，还有过渡管也与进气管、出气管平行，并相互间隔布置在壳体内。所述进气管穿过壳体的前端盖后，依次穿过第一、第二隔板，伸入第二扩张腔室，进气管的出口端位于第二扩张腔室内；所述出气管一端位于第一扩张腔室内，出气管依次穿过第一、二隔板，再穿过壳体的后端盖、穿出消声器；过渡管的一端位于第一扩张腔室内，依次穿过第一、二隔板后伸入第二扩张腔室，过渡管的另一端位于第二扩张腔室内。所述出气管和过渡管位于阻性消声腔室内的部分在管壁上均设置有微孔；所述出气管位于第二扩张腔室内的部分在管壁上设置有微孔。A kind of automobile muffler for controlling airflow regeneration noise designed by the present invention comprises a housing, an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe, the air inlet pipe enters the housing through the front end cover of the housing, and the inlet of the air inlet pipe is the inlet end of the muffler; The air outlet pipe passes through the rear end cover of the housing and passes out of the muffler, and the outlet of the air outlet pipe is the exhaust end of the muffler; the housing is provided with a first baffle and a second baffle perpendicular to the axial direction of the housing. The interior of the housing is sequentially isolated into three chambers: the first expansion chamber, the resistive muffler chamber and the second expansion chamber; the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe are arranged parallel to the axial direction of the housing, and the transition pipe is also connected to the inlet pipe. , The air outlet pipes are parallel and arranged in the housing at intervals. After the air inlet pipe passes through the front end cover of the housing, it passes through the first and second partitions in turn, and extends into the second expansion chamber. The outlet end of the air inlet pipe is located in the second expansion chamber; one end of the air outlet pipe is located in the In the first expansion chamber, the air outlet pipe passes through the first and second partitions in turn, then through the rear end cover of the shell, and out of the muffler; one end of the transition pipe is located in the first expansion chamber, and passes through the first and second partitions in turn. The partition extends into the second expansion chamber behind, and the other end of the transition tube is located in the second expansion chamber. The part of the air outlet pipe and the transition pipe located in the resistive anechoic chamber is provided with micropores on the pipe wall; the part of the air outlet pipe located in the second expansion chamber is provided with micropores on the pipe wall.
所述进气管的出口端为扩张口结构。所述扩张口结构为圆形喇叭口结构、或者椭圆形扩张口结构、或者矩形扩张口结构。且管壁弯折处为圆角平滑过渡。The outlet end of the air intake pipe is a diverging port structure. The expansion opening structure is a circular bell mouth structure, or an oval expansion opening structure, or a rectangular expansion opening structure. And the bending part of the pipe wall is a smooth transition with rounded corners.
为了控制结构噪声，所述消声器壳体内壁、前端盖和后端盖内壁均覆有厚10mm～30mm的吸音棉；所述出气管位于第二扩张腔室内的管壁外覆有厚10mm～30mm的吸音棉。In order to control the structural noise, the inner wall of the muffler shell, the front end cover and the rear end cover are all covered with sound-absorbing cotton with a thickness of 10 mm to 30 mm; sound-absorbing cotton.
所述第一扩张腔室、阻性消声器室和第二扩张腔室的轴向长度相比，第二扩张腔室的轴向长度大于第一扩张腔室的轴向长度，也大于阻性消声腔室的轴向长度，第一扩张腔室的轴向长度大于阻性消声腔室的轴向长度。所述第一扩张腔室、阻性消声器室和第二扩张腔室的轴向长度的比为（2～4）︰（1～3）︰（4～6）。Compared with the axial lengths of the first expansion chamber, the resistive muffler chamber and the second expansion chamber, the axial length of the second expansion chamber is greater than the axial length of the first expansion chamber and also greater than the axial length of the resistive muffler chamber. The axial length of the acoustic chamber, the axial length of the first expansion chamber is greater than the axial length of the resistive anechoic chamber. The ratio of the axial lengths of the first expansion chamber, the resistive muffler chamber and the second expansion chamber is (2-4):(1-3):(4-6).
所述过渡管和出气管的管壁上的微孔孔径为2～5mm。The diameter of the micropores on the pipe wall of the transition pipe and the air outlet pipe is 2-5mm.
所述出气管和过渡管位于阻性消声腔室内的部分，管壁上开孔率为15～20%；所述出气管位于第二扩张腔室内的部分，管壁上开孔率为15～20%。所述进气管、过渡管和出气管的管径相同。The part of the air outlet pipe and the transition pipe located in the resistive anechoic chamber has an opening rate of 15% to 20% on the pipe wall; the part of the air outlet pipe located in the second expansion chamber has an opening rate of 15% to 20% on the pipe wall. 20%. The diameters of the inlet pipe, the transition pipe and the outlet pipe are the same.
本发明汽车消声器工作时，气流进入进气管被收缩，从进气管出口端排出在第二扩张腔室内扩张，再进入过渡管收缩，穿过过渡管进入第一扩张腔室再次扩张，又进入出气管内被收缩，从出气管排出本消声器。因所述过渡管位于阻性消声腔室内的部分管壁上有微孔，进入过渡管内的压缩气流，可以从其管壁上的微孔进入阻性消声腔室进行扩张，阻性消声腔室内的气流可以经过出气管管壁的微孔进入出气管，直接排出或者进入第二扩张腔室，阻性消声腔室内的气流也可以经过渡管管壁的微孔返回过渡管，再进入第一扩张腔室或第二扩张腔室。第二扩张腔室内的气流除了进入过渡管，还可经出气管管壁的微孔进入出气管，直接排出，或者经出气管返回第一扩张腔室，再或者经出气管管壁的微孔进入阻性消声腔室。本消声器通过多次的扩张、收缩、气流的速度大大降低，同时通过消声器中管道的小孔和内壁的吸声材料对高频辐射噪声的吸收，从而使气流再生噪声大大地降低。When the automobile muffler of the present invention is in operation, the airflow enters the intake pipe and is contracted, discharged from the outlet end of the intake pipe, expanded in the second expansion chamber, then enters the transition pipe to contract, passes through the transition pipe and enters the first expansion chamber to expand again, and then enters the exit The inside of the trachea is constricted, and the muffler is discharged from the outlet pipe. Because there are micropores on the part of the pipe wall of the transition pipe located in the resistive anechoic chamber, the compressed airflow entering the transition pipe can enter the resistive anechoic chamber from the micropores on the pipe wall to expand, and the resistive anechoic chamber The airflow in the outlet pipe wall can enter the outlet pipe through the micropores in the wall of the trachea pipe, and be directly discharged or enter the second expansion chamber. The airflow in the resistive anechoic chamber can also return to the transition pipe through the micropores in the wall of the transition pipe, and then enter the first expansion chamber or second expansion chamber. In addition to entering the transition tube, the airflow in the second expansion chamber can also enter the outlet pipe through the micropores in the wall of the outlet pipe, and be directly discharged, or return to the first expansion chamber through the outlet pipe, or pass through the micropores in the wall of the outlet pipe Enter the resistive anechoic chamber. The muffler greatly reduces the speed of airflow through multiple expansions and contractions, and at the same time absorbs high-frequency radiation noise through the small holes in the pipe in the muffler and the sound-absorbing material on the inner wall, so that the airflow regeneration noise is greatly reduced.
与现有技术相比，本发明控制气流再生噪声的汽车消声器具有以下优点：1、进入本消声器的气流经过并列的进气管、过渡管和出气管和三个腔室多次压缩和扩张，气流较平滑地过渡，排气速度逐步降低，明显地降低了气流再生噪声；2、消声器壳体内壁、前端盖和后端盖内壁和出气管最后端部分均覆设有一定厚度的吸音棉，控制消声器表面辐射噪声，降低结构噪声；3、进气管在第二扩张腔室内的出口为扩张喇叭口结构，且管壁采取圆角过渡，排气气流较平顺地扩张降速，降低气流再生噪声；4、结构简单，加工方便，降噪效果明显，适用于各种型号的汽车内燃机。Compared with prior art, the automobile muffler of the present invention's control airflow regeneration noise has the following advantages: 1, the air-flow that enters this muffler passes through intake pipe, transition pipe and air outlet pipe and three chambers that are arranged side by side to compress and expand repeatedly, and air flow The transition is relatively smooth, the exhaust speed is gradually reduced, and the air regeneration noise is significantly reduced; 2. The inner wall of the muffler shell, the inner wall of the front end cover and the rear end cover, and the rearmost part of the air outlet pipe are all covered with a certain thickness of sound-absorbing cotton. The surface of the muffler radiates noise to reduce structural noise; 3. The outlet of the intake pipe in the second expansion chamber is an expanded bell-mouth structure, and the pipe wall adopts a rounded transition, so that the exhaust air flow expands and slows down more smoothly, reducing air regeneration noise; 4. The structure is simple, the processing is convenient, and the noise reduction effect is obvious, which is suitable for various types of automobile internal combustion engines.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本控制气流再生噪声的汽车消声器实施例结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of an automobile muffler for controlling airflow regeneration noise.
图中标号为：The labels in the figure are:
1、第一扩张腔室，2、进气管，21、进气管出口端，3、壳体，4、第二扩张控室，5、后端盖，6、出气管，7、过渡管，8、第二隔板，9、阻性消声腔室，10、微孔，11、第一隔板，吸音棉，13、前端盖，1. First expansion chamber, 2. Inlet pipe, 21. Outlet end of air intake pipe, 3. Housing, 4. Second expansion control chamber, 5. Rear end cover, 6. Outlet pipe, 7. Transition pipe, 8. Second partition, 9. Resistive anechoic chamber, 10. Microhole, 11. First partition, sound-absorbing cotton, 13. Front end cover,
图中箭头表示气流主方向。Arrows in the figure indicate the main direction of airflow.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明：Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment the present invention is described in further detail:
参见图1，本控制气流再生噪声的汽车消声器壳体3内设置有与壳体3轴向垂直的第一隔板11和第二隔板8，将壳体3内部依次隔离成第一扩张腔室1、阻性消声器室9和第二扩张腔室4三个腔室；本例第一扩张腔室1、阻性消声器室9和第二扩张腔室4的轴向长度的比为3︰2︰5。Referring to Fig. 1, the automobile muffler casing 3 for controlling airflow regeneration noise is provided with a first partition 11 and a second partition 8 perpendicular to the axial direction of the casing 3, and the inside of the casing 3 is sequentially isolated into a first expansion chamber Chamber 1, resistive muffler chamber 9 and the second expansion chamber 4 three chambers; the ratio of the axial length of the first expansion chamber 1, resistive muffler chamber 9 and the second expansion chamber 4 of this example is 3: 2:5.
所述进气管2、过渡管7和出气管6与壳体3轴向平行、并相互间隔布置在壳体3内。本例进气管2、过渡管7和出气管6管径相同。所述进气管2的进口为本消声器的进气端；所述进气管2穿过壳体3的前端盖13后，依次穿过第一隔板11、第二隔板8，伸入第二扩张腔室4，本例进气管2的出口端21为圆形喇叭口结构，管壁弯折处为圆角平滑过渡，位于第二扩张腔室4内。所述出气管6的出口为本消声器的排气端；所述出气管6的进口端位于第一扩张腔室1内，出气管6依次穿过第一隔板11和第二隔板8，再穿过壳体3的后端盖5、穿出消声器；过渡管7的一端位于第一扩张腔室7内，依次穿过第一隔板11、第二隔板8，伸入第二扩张腔室4，过渡管7的另一端位于第二扩张腔室4内。所述出气管6和过渡管7位于阻性消声腔室9内的部分在管壁上均设置有孔径为3mm的微孔10，开孔率为20%；本例出气管6位于第二扩张腔室4内的部分在管壁上设置有孔径为3mm的微孔10，开孔率为20%。在消声器壳体3、前端盖13和后端盖5的内壁覆有厚20mm的吸音棉12，出气管6位于第二扩张腔室4内的部分的管壁上也覆有厚20mm的吸音棉12。The air inlet pipe 2 , the transition pipe 7 and the air outlet pipe 6 are axially parallel to the casing 3 and arranged in the casing 3 at intervals. This example intake pipe 2, transition pipe 7 and outlet pipe 6 pipe diameters are identical. The inlet of the air intake pipe 2 is the air intake end of the muffler; after the air intake pipe 2 passes through the front end cover 13 of the housing 3, it passes through the first dividing plate 11 and the second dividing plate 8 successively, and stretches into the second dividing plate 8. The expansion chamber 4 is located in the second expansion chamber 4 . In this example, the outlet end 21 of the air intake pipe 2 is a circular bell-shaped structure, and the bend of the pipe wall is rounded and smoothly transitioned. The outlet of the air outlet pipe 6 is the exhaust end of the muffler; the inlet end of the air outlet pipe 6 is located in the first expansion chamber 1, and the air outlet pipe 6 passes through the first dividing plate 11 and the second dividing plate 8 in sequence, Then pass through the rear end cover 5 of the housing 3 and pass through the muffler; one end of the transition pipe 7 is located in the first expansion chamber 7, passes through the first partition 11 and the second partition 8 in turn, and extends into the second expansion chamber. The other end of the chamber 4 and the transition pipe 7 is located in the second expansion chamber 4 . The part of the air outlet pipe 6 and the transition pipe 7 located in the resistive anechoic chamber 9 is provided with micropores 10 with an aperture of 3mm on the pipe wall, and the opening rate is 20%; the air outlet pipe 6 of this example is located in the second expanded The part in the chamber 4 is provided with micropores 10 with a diameter of 3 mm on the pipe wall, and the opening ratio is 20%. The inner walls of the muffler housing 3, the front end cover 13 and the rear end cover 5 are covered with sound-absorbing cotton 12 with a thickness of 20 mm, and the wall of the part of the outlet pipe 6 located in the second expansion chamber 4 is also covered with a sound-absorbing cotton with a thickness of 20 mm. 12.
对比测试，采用相同功率的汽车内燃机，安装本实施例的汽车消声器与安装普通消声器，降噪达1dB（A）以上。降噪效果明显提高。In a comparative test, using an automobile internal combustion engine of the same power, installing the automobile muffler of this embodiment and the ordinary muffler, the noise reduction can reach more than 1dB(A). The noise reduction effect is significantly improved.
上述实施例，仅为对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进一步详细说明的具体个例，本发明并非限定于此。凡在本发明的公开的范围之内所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above-mentioned embodiments are only specific examples for further specifying the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the disclosed scope of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN104594977A (en) * | 2015-01-29 | 2015-05-06 | 合肥汇凌汽车零部件有限公司 | Silencer for mini-truck internal combustion engine |
| CN106014713B (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2018-10-30 | 东南大学 | A kind of special air inlet system and exhaust system of FSAE racing cars JH600 engines |
| CN108518260A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-09-11 | 广西汽车集团有限公司 | A kind of automobile and silencer |
| CN110030061B (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2024-09-24 | 湖南农业大学 | Exhaust silencer of racing car |
| US11434794B2 (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2022-09-06 | Caterpillar Inc. | Exhaust sound attenuation device |
| CN111812204B (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2021-02-19 | 恒大新能源汽车投资控股集团有限公司 | Sound insulation performance testing device and method for vehicle sound insulation material and electronic equipment |
| CN112282896B (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2024-11-01 | 江西清华泰豪三波电机有限公司 | Low infrared characteristic smoke exhaust muffler |
| CN112879142A (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2021-06-01 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Intelligent noise reduction control system for automobile |
| CN117627752A (en) * | 2023-12-12 | 2024-03-01 | 无锡威孚力达催化净化器有限责任公司 | An exhaust muffler suitable for hybrid and extended-range vehicles |
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| CN202209198U (en) * | 2011-08-30 | 2012-05-02 | 重庆市北碚区枫火机械制造有限公司 | Silencer with built-in air inlet pipe |
| CN202544980U (en) * | 2012-04-12 | 2012-11-21 | 山东大学 | Reactive muffler for engineering machine |
| KR101316133B1 (en) * | 2012-08-10 | 2013-10-08 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Muffler for vehicle |
| CN203730103U (en) * | 2014-03-12 | 2014-07-23 | 东风柳州汽车有限公司 | Automobile muffler capable of controlling flow regenerated noise |
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