CN103845988A - Method for purifying gas and device for purifying gas - Google Patents

Method for purifying gas and device for purifying gas Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103845988A
CN103845988A CN201310757331.5A CN201310757331A CN103845988A CN 103845988 A CN103845988 A CN 103845988A CN 201310757331 A CN201310757331 A CN 201310757331A CN 103845988 A CN103845988 A CN 103845988A
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Prior art keywords
gaseous state
liquid
unexpected
gas
wash liquid
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CN201310757331.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
I·恰塔利亚
U·凯莱斯泰乔格鲁
A·布兰德尔
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Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1425Regeneration of liquid absorbents
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1456Removing acid components
    • B01D53/1462Removing mixtures of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2252/00Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
    • B01D2252/20Organic absorbents
    • B01D2252/202Alcohols or their derivatives
    • B01D2252/2021Methanol
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/16Hydrogen
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/20Carbon monoxide
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/24Hydrocarbons
    • B01D2256/245Methane
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/30Sulfur compounds
    • B01D2257/304Hydrogen sulfide
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/30Sulfur compounds
    • B01D2257/308Carbonoxysulfide COS
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/40Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D2257/408Cyanides, e.g. hydrogen cyanide (HCH)
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504Carbon dioxide

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for purifying gaseous mixture (F), containing expected gaseous components and unexpected gaseous components. The method comprises: removing the unexpected gaseous components form the gaseous mixture using a liquid wash medium especially rectisol under a pressure, thereby obtaining at least one kind of wash liquid; and recycling part of the expected gaseous components that transferred to the at least one kind of wash liquid in a washing out process through the expansion and desorption of the wash liquid. At least one expansion machine (X1, X2) is used for the expansion of the wash liquid. The present invention also provides a device which is used for executing the corresponding method.

Description

Method for gas purification and gas cleaning plant
Invention field
The present invention relates to make to wash the method for dense medium purifica tion admixture of gas by liquid and be configured for the device of carrying out the method.
Background technology
Figure BSA0000101266380000011
method is known decades, and is described in the 5.4.2.1 chapters and sections of the article " gas products " in Ullmann industrial chemistry encyclopaedia for example (doi:10.1002/14356007.a12_169.pub2, electronic edition 2007).The method is used for removing the unexpected composition from admixture of gas, for example crude oil or forming gas, and operate by methanol wash mode.Unexpected composition is for example carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen cyanide, carbonyl sulfide and ammonia.
The method can reduce to the residual content within the scope of ppb by the sulfur content in admixture of gas, and essence Shangdi removes all carbon dioxide in a step.For example, in the forming gas device of oil base, in coal gasification, use the method and for purified natural gas.
In the time that temperature declines, the dissolubility of described composition in methyl alcohol increases significantly, and for example the dissolubility of the composition of the expectation in the admixture of gas of hydrogen, methane or carbon monoxide is in fact impregnable.Therefore, the cold methanol of for example-75 ℃ is used to methanol wash, to reduce the methyl alcohol circulation that need to be used for purifying and the loss that minimizes the composition of expectation.Typically for example at 30 to 60bar pressure and approximately wash out described unexpected composition at-40 ℃.Low temperature has also reduced methyl alcohol loss.Can in device, obtain cold proportion with the form of cold expansion.
Although the main methanol wash that uses of reference herein, also can be used other liquid scrubbing medium, for purifying corresponding admixture of gas.Liquid scrubbing medium for each situation is adjusted to described pressure and temperature.
In the time that unexpected composition is washed out, the composition of a certain proportion of expectation also always runs off by entering liquid scrubbing medium.This is also referred to as coabsorption.The composition of the expectation of coabsorption can be expected and the washing medium of unexpected composition, (centre) expansion of for example cold methanol are reclaimed by being full of by this way.Herein, from the washing medium composition that optionally desorb is expected.
But intermediate expansion and subsequently required compression have again consumed the energy of necessary Extra Supply to device.Therefore this needs to improve.
Summary of the invention
For this background technology, the invention provides a kind of method for making to wash medium by liquid, more specifically carrying out purge gas mixture for cold methanol, and a kind of being configured for carry out the device of this method, and there is the feature of independent claims.Preferred improvement is the theme of appended claims and ensuing detailed description.
In this application, the material in device or method and mixture of substances, for example raw gas that will be cleaned or the admixture of gas of forming gas and the washing medium of for example methyl alcohol be designated as " stream " (stream) and " stream part " (fraction).Described stream conventionally sets it as fluid guiding in the pipeline of configuration for this purpose.The ratio of the original mixture that described stream part ordinary representation has been separated from original mixture.If stream part is correspondingly guided, it can at any time form corresponding stream.On the contrary, stream can be for example for original mixture is provided, separable stream part from original mixture.
One or more compositions that stream or stream part comprise can " be rich in " or " rareness ", wherein " be rich in " expression ratio and be greater than 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5% or 99.9%, and " rareness " expression ratio is less than 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 1%, 0.5% or 0.1%, each situation is on weight or volume basis.
In corresponding to method of the present invention, unexpected gaseous state composition is preferably entered in liquid scrubbing medium, for example methyl alcohol by dissolving (absorption) in admixture of gas.But as mentioned above, the gaseous state composition of expectation is also partly transferred in liquid scrubbing medium from admixture of gas.For the application's object, after washing by used liquid washing medium, be partly loaded with and expect and the liquid scrubbing medium of unexpected gaseous state composition is represented as " wash liquid ".Then, described wash liquid has at least a certain proportion of expectation of removing from that and unexpected gaseous state composition, and can follow and be again used to washing.
Advantage of the present invention
According to each known method itself, processing method of the present invention is expected and the admixture of gas of unexpected gaseous state composition for purifying to comprise.By washing medium by liquid under pressure, more specifically with the washing of cold methanol, unexpected gaseous state composition being removed from admixture of gas, obtain accordingly at least one wash liquid as explained before.Washing out the gas componant that is equally partly transferred to the expectation in described at least one wash liquid in process, reclaimed by expansion and the desorb of wash liquid subsequently.
The invention provides now and use at least one decompressor, at least one wash liquid that expands.For the application's object, " decompressor " meaning is for being fabricated the machine with expansion fluid, and then execution work.
Decompressor for example can be the form of gas expander, and is configured in this case expansion fluid, and then execution work, is wherein gaseous state or supercriticality at the fluid of the porch of machine.Then the described fluid occurring from gas expander substantially or be fully gaseous form.A certain proportion of liquid in exit at most approximately reaches 20%, preferably approximately reaches 7%.
On the other hand, configuration liquid expander is with expansion fluid, and then execution work is wherein liquid or supercriticality at the fluid of the porch of machine.Then the described fluid occurring from gas expander substantially or be fully liquid form.Ratio at the gas in exit at most approximately reaches 10%, preferably approximately reaches 5%.
Decompressor is preferably the form of expansion turbine, and it is also called as turbo-expander.Braking expansion machine is to disperse mechanical energy.For example, can be by dispersing brake (dissipative brake), generator (generator) and/or processing by the machine being coupled with gas compressor (booster) and/or pump.For example, in the time using expansion machine, also may will revert to electric flux from the mechanical energy of carrying out expansion work, and make electric flux for driving suitable equipment by the mode of power supply network and electric engine.By means of the use of decompressor, be not therefore lost in the upper energy discharging that expands, but can drop in significant use yet.But the in the situation that of this wash liquid, it is cooling that the dispersing of fluid energy caused, and caused saving considerable external refrigeration requirement.This has improved the efficiency of related device.
A particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to this invention, it is possible therefore driving at least one other machine, more specifically at least one pump or at least one compressor and/or at least one generator with decompressor.More specifically, applicable pump and/or compressor are under any circumstance presented in equipment, by least one decompressor directly (by mechanical couplings) or indirectly (produce power by generator) drive.
In improved embodiment preferably, the method according to this invention comprises: under 30 to 80bar washing pressure, cold methanol is washed as liquid scrubbing medium, thus unexpected gaseous state composition is removed from admixture of gas.Then at least one decompressor, at least one wash liquid is expanded, make it from washing pressure expansion to about 10 to 25bar (definitely).By using the decompressor of suitable structure, this barometric gradient can reach especially effectively and use.But as previously mentioned, the method does not limit using methyl alcohol as washing medium, also can apply in principle any other physics and chemistry absorption process in described pressure limit.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment, in the time that cold methanol is the temperature of-30 to-60 ℃, by the washing with cold methanol, unexpected gaseous state composition is removed.As explained above, under this low temperature, the solubility of unexpected composition in methyl alcohol is increased widely, and the solubility of the composition of expecting is in fact unaffected.Device under cold expanded form, for example according at least one expansion machine provided by the invention, can obtain a certain proportion of essential cold.
In the method, by least one tower with the washing of cold methanol by unexpected gaseous state composition from removing in the admixture of gas pressure.Corresponding tower is being known in the art, and for example comprises multiple separator disks and cooling device.
After expansion at least one decompressor and after the desorb of the gaseous state composition of expecting, the gaseous state composition of expectation is compressed at least in part again.Compressor is mechanically coupled in corresponding decompressor, and/or compressor uses the electricity producing from corresponding driven generator to operate, and the compressor using is efficient especially for this object.
After the gaseous state composition desired from wash liquid desorb, at least one tower, from the wash liquid unexpected composition of desorb at least in part, described method is particularly advantageous." optionally " desorb wherein at least individually " selectively " desorb of the unexpected composition of part desorb be particularly advantageous in herein.For example, can be in optionally obtaining hydrogen sulfide and/or carbon dioxide herein and dropping in suitable use.
As explained, in corresponding method, unexpected gaseous state composition at least comprises carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen cyanide, carbonyl sulfide and ammonia, and/or the gas componant of expecting at least comprises hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide.More specifically, raw gas is used as mist use.Therefore the present invention is adapted at using in known gasification process especially, for example gasification of biomass and/or coal gasification.But other special abiogenous admixture of gas, as natural gas, also can use explained method to carry out efficient purification.
As explained before, device according to the present invention is configured for the method for carrying out for purge gas mixture.It comprises at least one absorption equipment, for the washing of the washing medium by suitable, unexpected gaseous state composition is removed from admixture of gas, particularly under pressure and low temperature.Can obtain at least one wash liquid by which.Be provided with further at least one stripping apparatus, conciliate and suck back the gaseous state composition that is received in the process of washing out and is equally partly transferred to the expectation in described at least one wash liquid for expansion by wash liquid.According to the present invention, described at least one stripping apparatus comprises at least one decompressor.Benefit from equally advantage explained earlier according to device of the present invention, so that clearly it is made to reference.Have benefited from least one decompressor as used herein, mode that can be energy-efficient especially operates this device.
Explain the present invention and the further aspect of the present invention with respect to the prior art in accompanying drawing.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 shows the device for purge gas mixture using methyl alcohol as washing medium according to prior art.
Fig. 2 shows the device for purge gas mixture using methyl alcohol as washing medium according to of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Fig. 1 shows the device for purge gas mixture using methyl alcohol as washing medium according to prior art.Device indicates with 100 generally.As mentioned, can use other liquid scrubbing medium to replace methyl alcohol, therefore corresponding explanation is not only applied to methyl alcohol.
Accompanying drawing is height indicative icon, more specifically, open loop or closed-loop control system is not shown.Represent in a conventional manner the function of valve and not statement severally by explanation below.
Want cleaned gas mixture F via circuit a to device provisioning, for example, from the raw gas of coal gasification processing.Via circuit b supply methyl alcohol.This freezes in the time admixture of gas being cooled to lower than 0 ℃ subsequently for the water that prevents admixture of gas and exist.
Corresponding stream is by cooling in heat exchanger E1 and pass into separator S0.The air-flow of taking out of from the top of separator S0 is admitted to the first tower C1 that comprises cooling device R1 via circuit c.In the bottom of separator S0, the methanol-water mixtures obtaining can be transferred to separation equipment (not shown) via circuit d, for reclaiming methyl alcohol.As what explained in description below, at the upstream side of heat exchanger E1, the composition of the expectation of having reclaimed of the admixture of gas F that purify additionally returns to entry-line a via circuit e and by compressor V1.
The liquid stream of collecting in the bottom of the first tower C1 part can be drawn out of and carry out (centre) via expansion valve via circuit f and expand.The stream that this process (centre) expands is admitted to separator S1.This is also applicable to the liquid stream part of extracting out via circuit g on the definition height of the first tower C1.Described liquid stream part is partly sent back in the first tower C1, and partly, alternatively to after multithread heating more, in expansion valve, carry out equally (centre) and expand and send into separator S2.Separator S1 and S2 also can be integrated in corresponding tower.
The composition of the expectation that (therefore will reclaim) in admixture of gas F is accumulated in the top of separator S1 and S2.Except unexpected composition, the composition of described expectation is also present in the liquid stream part of extracting out from the first tower C1 via circuit f and g.As explained above, except unexpected composition, the composition of these expectations also enters in the methyl alcohol using as washing medium by coabsorption.For example, the composition of expectation comprises hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, and unexpected composition comprises for example carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen cyanide and carbonyl sulfide.
Can extract out from the top of two separator S1 and S2 by the gaseous state composition of expecting, and after again compressing in compressor, for example compressor V1, be returned in circuit a via circuit e.Can be admitted to via circuit h the middle section of the second tower C2 from bottom liquid stream part of separator S1.Can be admitted to via circuit i the top of the second tower C2 from bottom liquid stream part of separator S2.These towers are explained below.Device 100 also can further comprise tower, for example, for retrieving the methyl alcohol from the methanol-water mixtures of circuit d, and/or for the desorb of the high selectivity of that expect and/or unexpected composition.In this case, for example also can be admitted in the second tower C2 and tower that at least one is other from a certain proportion of bottom liquid stream part of separator S2.
If the additional stream that is rich in methyl alcohol is additionally sent into via near the circuit k being placed in tower top, in the first tower C1, can obtain the forming gas product P of the unexpected composition largely being removed.Described forming gas product can be drawn out of and be heated in heat exchanger E1 via circuit I.Therefore build the part of tower C1 as absorptive unit 1.
Device 100 shown in structure, for Selective Separation at least unexpected composition hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide.For this purpose, the second tower C2 is used as the operation of carbon dioxide separation tower.Described tower is a part for hydrogen sulfide enrichment unit 2.Except explained and by stream part of sending into via circuit h and i, rinse nitrogen N2 and additionally sent into the second tower C2 via circuit m, described nitrogen can be used to carbon dioxide to displace from corresponding methyl alcohol stream part.The stream part of being rich in carbon dioxide C02 is preferably pure carbon dioxide, therefore can be discharged from from the top of the second tower C2.This stream part is heated in heat exchanger E1 equally.
" afterbody " gas T can be extracted out via other circuit o from the second tower C2 on definition height.Described afterbody gas T comprises the mixture of other the unexpected compositions except hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide.The afterbody gas T of gained heats equally in heat exchanger E1.Corresponding device 100 also comprises the tower that at least one is other, and it can be used to the processing of other afterbody gas T.
Device 100 comprises the 3rd tower C3, and it is used as the operation of hydrogen sulfide knockout tower and the part for desorb unit 3 in device 100.Desorb unit 3 comprises heating unit H1 and cooling device R2.Liquid stream part from the second tower C2 can be sent into the 3rd tower C3 by pump P2 via circuit p.Hydrogen sulfide stream part H2S can extract out from the top of the 3rd tower C3 via the circuit q at top.In fact, obtain pure methyl alcohol in the bottom of the 3rd tower C3, methyl alcohol can be entered the first tower C1 via heat exchanger E2 by blowback by circuit r and pump P3.
By to installing 100 suitable operations, can obtain for purifying and comprise and expecting and the method for the admixture of gas F of unexpected composition, wherein, by the washing that is used in the cold methanol under pressure, unexpected composition is removed from admixture of gas.By intermediate expansion, in this case via the expansion valve in circuit f and g, can be recovered at least in part the composition that is equally partly transferred to the expectation in methyl alcohol in the process that washes out unexpected composition.
Fig. 2 shows the device 10 for purge gas mixture using methyl alcohol as washing medium according to the present invention and also indicates with 10 on the whole.
The main component that device 10 comprises device 100, only wherein some indicate with reference mark (using identical mark in its situation), and for clarity, no longer explanation below.
Device 10 is different from device 100 parts and is to provide two decompressors with expander X1 and X2 form, expand for the liquid stream part that is rich in methyl alcohol that makes to extract out from the first tower C1, this stream part is except comprising unexpected composition, and this stream part is also included in the composition that is equally partly transferred to the expectation in methyl alcohol in the process that washes out unexpected composition in the first tower C1.For example, by suitable rotating shaft, expander X1 and X2 can be coupled in mechanical driving unit, as compressor V1 or pump P2 and P3.For example also can drive at least one generator by expander X1 and X2.For clarity, in this Fig. 2, this optional equipment is not shown.

Claims (10)

1. purify to comprise and expect and the method for the admixture of gas (F) of unexpected gaseous state composition, wherein under pressure, washing medium, particularly cold methanol by liquid washes out described unexpected gaseous state composition from admixture of gas, obtain thus at least one wash liquid, and be wherein received in back and forth by expansion and the desorb of described wash liquid the gaseous state composition that is equally partly transferred to the described expectation in described at least one wash liquid in the process of washing out, it is characterized in that, expansion by least one decompressor (X1, X2) for described at least one wash liquid.
2. according to the method for claim 1, the wherein described decompressor (X1 for described at least one wash liquid is expanded, X2) drive at least one machine, particularly at least one compressor (V1), at least one pump (P2, P3) and/or at least one generator.
3. according to the method for claim 1 or 2, wherein under the pressure of 30 to 80bar (definitely), as liquid scrubbing medium, described unexpected gaseous state composition is washed out from admixture of gas with cold methanol.
4. according to the method for claim 3, wherein at least one decompressor (X1, X2), make at least one wash liquid from washing out pressure expansion to the pressure that is approximately 10 to 25bar (definitely).
5. according to the method for one of aforementioned claim, wherein at the temperature of the liquid scrubbing medium of-30 to-60 ℃, described unexpected gaseous state composition is washed out with described liquid scrubbing medium.
6. according to the method for one of aforementioned claim, wherein at least one tower (C1), under pressure, with described liquid scrubbing medium, described unexpected gaseous state composition is washed out from admixture of gas.
7. according to the method for one of aforementioned claim, wherein again compress at least in part from the gaseous state composition of the described expectation of described wash liquid desorb.
8. according to the method for one of aforementioned claim, wherein at the gaseous state composition of expecting after wash liquid desorb, at least one tower (C2, C3), make unexpected composition from wash liquid desorb at least in part.
9. according to the method for one of aforementioned claim, wherein said unexpected gaseous state composition at least comprises carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen cyanide, carbonyl sulfide and ammonia, and/or the gaseous state composition of described expectation at least comprises hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide, wherein raw gas is especially as described admixture of gas (F).
10. for implementing according to the device of the method for one of aforementioned claim (10), it comprises at least one absorption equipment, for wash medium by liquid under pressure, especially cold methanol washes out unexpected gaseous state composition from admixture of gas, obtain thus at least one wash liquid, described device comprises at least one stripping apparatus, be received in back and forth the process of washing out and be equally partly transferred to the gaseous state composition of the described expectation in described at least one wash liquid for the expansion by wash liquid and desorb, wherein said at least one stripping apparatus comprises at least one decompressor (X1, X2).
CN201310757331.5A 2012-11-29 2013-11-29 Method for purifying gas and device for purifying gas Pending CN103845988A (en)

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CN112899039A (en) * 2021-01-29 2021-06-04 西安交通大学 Pressure reduction and energy saving method and system used in low-temperature methanol washing process flow

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Application publication date: 20140611