CN103817374B - A tool for making holes in resin-based carbon fiber composite materials - Google Patents
A tool for making holes in resin-based carbon fiber composite materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN103817374B CN103817374B CN201410066658.2A CN201410066658A CN103817374B CN 103817374 B CN103817374 B CN 103817374B CN 201410066658 A CN201410066658 A CN 201410066658A CN 103817374 B CN103817374 B CN 103817374B
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- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于机械加工制造技术领域，涉及一种对树脂基碳纤维复合材料制孔的刀具，该刀具是一种组合式可换刀片式拉刀，具有在难加工材料如复合材料，尤其是树脂基碳纤维复合材料表面高效率加工高质量通孔的功能。 The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical processing and manufacturing, and relates to a tool for making holes in resin-based carbon fiber composite materials. High-efficiency machining of high-quality through-holes on the surface of carbon fiber composite materials.
背景技术 Background technique
现今世界范围内的大型飞机如波音787，空客A380等广泛采用碳纤维复合材料作为其制造的基础材料。这是由于碳纤维复合材料具有高比强度、高比刚度、抗疲劳、耐腐蚀等特性，能有效减轻飞机结构重量，其应用和发展是大幅度提高飞机经济性、舒适性和环保性的重要保证。然而在飞机制造过程需要加工极其大量的通孔作连接孔使用，由于碳纤维复合材料在加工过程中层间剪切强度低，极易产生分层、撕裂等损伤，且基底相导热性不好，碳纤维硬度高，对刀具的磨损严重的特性，导致使用常规材质的传统制孔刀具如高速钢钻头，硬质合金钻头无法高质量、高效率的加工碳纤维复合材料。目前，多数企业为了在碳纤维复合材料上加工一个通孔，一般使用昂贵的金刚石涂层刀具，采用“钻孔-扩孔-粗铰孔-精铰孔”多道工序加工，才能保证孔的质量。 Nowadays, large-scale aircraft such as Boeing 787 and Airbus A380 widely use carbon fiber composite materials as the basic materials for their manufacture. This is because carbon fiber composite materials have high specific strength, high specific stiffness, fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance and other characteristics, which can effectively reduce the weight of aircraft structures. Its application and development are an important guarantee for greatly improving the economy, comfort and environmental protection of aircraft. . However, in the aircraft manufacturing process, an extremely large number of through holes need to be processed as connection holes. Due to the low interlayer shear strength of carbon fiber composite materials during processing, it is easy to cause delamination, tearing and other damage, and the thermal conductivity of the substrate phase is not good. , The high hardness of carbon fiber and the severe wear and tear on the tool make it difficult for traditional hole-making tools such as high-speed steel drills and carbide drills to process carbon fiber composites with high quality and high efficiency. At present, in order to process a through hole on carbon fiber composite materials, most enterprises generally use expensive diamond-coated tools and use multiple processes of "drilling-reaming-rough reaming-fine reaming" to ensure the quality of the hole .
国外针对碳纤维复合材料通孔加工的刀具，如山高公司的SD205系列钻削工具，其基体材料为硬质合金，钻的头部镶嵌有金刚石涂层的刀片，切削过程由头部的锥型的金刚石涂层刀片起主要的切削作用，利用金刚石锋利，耐磨的特性，减小了碳纤维复合材料加工时产生的缺陷，能够获得质量较高的通孔。然而，此种刀具价格昂贵，钻的头部的金刚石涂层磨损后无法修复，刀具立即报废，同时人工使用此刀具加工时，不同的推进力会直接影响切削质量和钻的寿命，另外刀具前后的材质不同，后部硬质合金刀具在加工中仍存在磨损严重，导致孔壁温度上升，造成制孔缺陷的问题。山特维克可乐满公司生产的CoroDrill系列钻削刀具，通过钻尖的十字刃设计，左旋韧带设计等方式能够有效的减小钻削过程中的轴向力，此系列钻为金刚石涂层钻，耐磨性很高。然而单个钻的其制造成本相当昂贵，大规模使用必将大幅度提高飞机的制造成本，且其钻的刃尖部一旦涂层脱落或磨损整只钻头立即报废。 Foreign cutting tools for through-hole processing of carbon fiber composite materials, such as the SD205 series drilling tools of Seco, the base material is cemented carbide, and the head of the drill is inlaid with a diamond-coated blade. The diamond-coated blade plays the main role of cutting. Using the sharp and wear-resistant characteristics of diamond, the defects generated during the processing of carbon fiber composite materials are reduced, and high-quality through holes can be obtained. However, this kind of tool is expensive, and the diamond coating on the head of the drill cannot be repaired after being worn out, and the tool will be scrapped immediately. At the same time, when the tool is used manually for processing, different propulsion will directly affect the cutting quality and the life of the drill. The materials of different materials are different, and the rear carbide tool is still severely worn during processing, which causes the temperature of the hole wall to rise and cause the problem of hole making defects. The CoroDrill series of drilling tools produced by Sandvik Coromant can effectively reduce the axial force during the drilling process through the cross-edged design of the drill point and the design of the left-handed ligament. This series of drills are diamond-coated drills. High abrasion resistance. However, its manufacturing cost of a single drill is quite expensive, and large-scale use will greatly increase the manufacturing cost of the aircraft, and the cutting edge of the drill will be scrapped immediately once the coating comes off or the whole drill is worn.
国内大连理工大学，高航等人的专利，《一种钻/磨孔一体化组合刀具》，申请号200610048063.X，采用以磨带钻的方式，将粒度不同的磨粒电镀到钻的切削刃上，可实现高质量通孔钻、扩、铰一体化加工，减少加工工序，提高加工效率。但其磨粒固结在钻的切削刃上的分布情况很难控制，若分布不均将直接影响加工孔的质量，同时，人工使用此刀具的过程中，很难控制适当的切削参数，磨削热量加大很难排出，容易造成孔内壁烧伤。 The patent of Dalian University of Technology, Gao Hang et al., "A Drilling/Grinding Hole Integrated Combination Tool", application number 200610048063.X, adopts the method of abrasive belt drilling, and electroplates abrasive particles of different particle sizes to the cutting of the drill On the cutting edge, it can realize the integrated processing of high-quality through-hole drilling, expansion and reaming, reduce the processing steps and improve the processing efficiency. However, it is difficult to control the distribution of abrasive grains consolidated on the cutting edge of the drill. If the distribution is uneven, it will directly affect the quality of the processed hole. At the same time, it is difficult to control the appropriate cutting parameters during the manual use of this tool. The increased cutting heat is difficult to discharge, and it is easy to cause burns on the inner wall of the hole.
拉刀是通孔类特征半精精加工一体化的专用刀具，其特点是低速拉削，发热量小，散热快，加工精度高，加工效率高，单把拉刀制造成本相对较贵，适合于大批量加工。现今使用的各类拉刀，很少适合加工碳纤维复合材料，扬州市邮谊工具制造有限公司的专利《圆孔拉刀》，申请号201210159621.5，采用多级刀齿，微量逐级加工圆孔，能够一次性完成圆孔的粗、精加工。然而此种整体式刀具，单级刀具磨损将影响整个刀具的加工质量，且刀具切削刃材料不适合加工碳纤维复合材料，刀具没有专用的冷却结构，容易造成加工中热量集中导孔内壁致热损伤。 The broach is a special tool for the integration of semi-finishing and through-hole features. It is characterized by low-speed broaching, low heat generation, fast heat dissipation, high processing accuracy, and high processing efficiency. The manufacturing cost of a single broach is relatively expensive. It is suitable for For mass processing. All kinds of broaches used today are rarely suitable for processing carbon fiber composite materials. Yangzhou Youyi Tool Manufacturing Co., Ltd.’s patent "round hole broach", application number 201210159621.5, uses multi-stage cutter teeth to process round holes step by step in a small amount. It can complete the rough and finish machining of the round hole at one time. However, for this kind of integral tool, single-stage tool wear will affect the processing quality of the entire tool, and the cutting edge material of the tool is not suitable for processing carbon fiber composite materials, and the tool does not have a special cooling structure, which may easily cause thermal damage to the inner wall of the guide hole due to heat concentration during processing .
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术难题是克服现有复合材料制孔刀具和传统拉削刀具，切削刃磨损快，刀具容易损坏报废，加工效率低，加工成本高和加工表面质量低的技术缺陷，发明一种针对难加工材料，尤其是树脂基碳纤维复合材料的制孔刀具，该刀具是一种组合式可换刀片式拉刀，刀片具有冷却孔，能够通过气体冷却的形式减小加工处的温升，进而减小刀具磨损，消除树脂基碳纤维复合材料孔壁的热损伤。具有在加工难加工材料尤其是树脂基碳纤维复合材料的通孔的过程中，刀刃磨损小，刀具寿命长，刀具成本低，加工效率高，加工质量高的特点。 The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the technical defects of the existing composite material hole making tool and traditional broaching tool, the cutting edge wears fast, the tool is easily damaged and scrapped, the processing efficiency is low, the processing cost is high and the processing surface quality is low, and the invention of a A hole-making tool for difficult-to-machine materials, especially resin-based carbon fiber composite materials. The tool is a combined replaceable blade broach. The blade has cooling holes, which can reduce the temperature rise at the processing site through gas cooling. , thereby reducing tool wear and eliminating thermal damage to the hole wall of resin-based carbon fiber composites. It has the characteristics of small blade wear, long tool life, low tool cost, high processing efficiency and high processing quality in the process of processing difficult-to-machine materials, especially the through holes of resin-based carbon fiber composite materials.
本发明采用的技术方案如下：一种对树脂基碳纤维复合材料制孔的刀具，其特征是：刀具是一种组合式可换刀片式拉刀，该刀具由刀杆1、校准单元10、切削单元、前导向单元8和两个外六角紧固螺母11组成；两个外六角紧固螺母11拧入刀杆1的螺纹段，锁紧前导向单元8并固定右面的切削单元和校准单元10。 The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows: a tool for making holes in resin-based carbon fiber composite materials, which is characterized in that: the tool is a combined replaceable blade broach, and the tool consists of a tool bar 1, a calibration unit 10, a cutting tool unit, the front guide unit 8 and two hexagonal fastening nuts 11; the two hexagonal fastening nuts 11 are screwed into the threaded section of the tool holder 1, locking the front guiding unit 8 and fixing the cutting unit and the calibration unit 10 on the right .
所述的切削单元由至少6对切削刀组、至少1个精切刀块9和定位销12组成；每对切削刀组都由至少2个刀架13和安装在刀架13上的刀片组成，每对切削刀组中的各个刀架13相隔一定角度交错排布，每对切削刀组的刀架13上的刀片的外刀刃圆弧相错拼接，形成的切削面是一个完整的圆；刀架13的外圆有至少2个凸台，内侧有定位销孔，中间有大的通孔；刀架13通过大的通孔安装在刀杆1上；刀架13的每个凸台上都加工有冷却气孔A和刀片安装螺纹孔，凸台的一边有定位台肩；每个凸台上安装一个刀片，刀片的一侧紧贴在凸台的定位台肩上，刀片的内侧圆弧面，紧贴在凸台的内侧圆弧面上定位；每一个刀片上都有冷却气孔A和阶梯通孔C；刀片通过紧固螺栓14固定在刀架13的每一个凸台上；每对切削刀组安装的刀片相同，从刀杆1的头部到刀杆1的尾部，不同对切削刀组上安装的刀片尺寸逐渐增大；其中最右端的一对刀组的切削刃组成的形成的切削圆面与所加工孔的尺寸完全相同；最右端的一对刀组的右侧安装有精切刀块9；精切刀块9的内侧有定位销孔B和冷却气孔A；精切刀块9通过大的通孔插入刀杆1，精切刀块9的整个外圆弧都是切削刃，切削刃形成的切削圆的尺寸与所加工孔的尺寸相同；切削单元中每对切削刀组内部以及刀组间的定位销孔相互对齐，精切刀块9的定位销孔和通气孔与各个切削刀组的定位销孔和通气孔位置对齐；定位销12插入切削单元中刀架13、精切刀块9的定位销孔中，并穿过校准单元10的定位销孔，插入到刀杆1中的定位销孔中；示例中的切削单元由6对切削刀组，1个精切刀块9和定位销12组成，每对刀组包括2个刀架13组成及相应的刀片，刀架13的外圆有4个凸台，每个刀架13上安装有4个刀片，每对切削刀组的2个刀架13按照90°交错排布，刀杆1的头部到刀杆1的尾部固定的6对切削刀组中的12个刀架13上，按照刀片尺寸由小到大的顺序分别安装七、六、五、四、三、二号刀片； The cutting unit is composed of at least 6 pairs of cutting blades, at least one fine cutting block 9 and positioning pins 12; each pair of cutting blades is composed of at least 2 blades 13 and blades mounted on the blade , the tool holders 13 in each pair of cutting tool groups are arranged in a staggered manner at a certain angle, and the outer blade arcs of the blades on the tool holders 13 of each pair of cutting tool groups are staggered and spliced, so that the formed cutting surface is a complete circle; There are at least 2 bosses on the outer circle of the knife rest 13, with positioning pin holes inside and a large through hole in the middle; the knife rest 13 is installed on the knife bar 1 through the large through holes; each boss of the knife rest 13 Both are processed with cooling air holes A and threaded holes for blade installation, and there is a positioning shoulder on one side of the boss; one blade is installed on each boss, and one side of the blade is close to the positioning shoulder of the boss, and the inner arc of the blade surface, close to the inner arc surface of the boss; each blade has a cooling air hole A and a stepped through hole C; the blade is fixed on each boss of the tool holder 13 by a fastening bolt 14; each pair The blades installed in the cutting tool sets are the same, and the size of the blades installed on different pairs of cutting tool sets gradually increases from the head of the tool bar 1 to the tail of the tool bar 1; the cutting edge of the rightmost pair of tool sets is formed The size of the cutting circular surface is exactly the same as the size of the machined hole; the right side of the pair of knife sets at the far right is equipped with a fine-cutting knife block 9; the inside of the fine-cutting knife block 9 has positioning pin holes B and cooling air holes A; The cutter block 9 is inserted into the cutter bar 1 through a large through hole, and the entire outer arc of the fine-cutting cutter block 9 is a cutting edge, and the size of the cutting circle formed by the cutting edge is the same as the size of the machined hole; each pair of cutting in the cutting unit The positioning pin holes inside the knife group and between the knife groups are aligned with each other, and the positioning pin holes and ventilation holes of the fine cutting knife block 9 are aligned with the positioning pin holes and ventilation holes of each cutting knife group; the positioning pin 12 is inserted into the tool holder in the cutting unit 13. In the positioning pin hole of the fine cutting knife block 9, pass through the positioning pin hole of the calibration unit 10, and insert it into the positioning pin hole in the cutter bar 1; the cutting unit in the example consists of 6 pairs of cutting knives, 1 The fine cutting knife block 9 and the positioning pin 12 are composed, and each knife pairing group includes two knife holders 13 and corresponding blades, and the outer circle of the knife holder 13 has 4 bosses, and each knife holder 13 is equipped with 4 blades , the two tool holders 13 of each pair of cutting tool groups are arranged in a staggered manner according to 90°, the head of the tool bar 1 is fixed on the 12 tool holders 13 in the 6 pairs of cutting tool groups fixed at the tail of the tool bar 1, according to the blade size Install blades 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, and 2 in order from small to large;
所述的刀杆1的头部后有装夹槽，装夹槽后有安装外六角紧固螺母11的螺纹段；螺纹段和后导向部分之间是安装切削单元和校准单元10的光杆；后导向部分是刀杆1的一部分，与加工的孔的尺寸相同，后导向部分外圈有冷却气孔A，内圈加工有定位销孔A；后导向部分右侧是刀杆尾部，尾部的前端有装夹槽； There is a clamping groove behind the head of the cutter bar 1, and there is a threaded section for installing an outer hexagonal fastening nut 11 behind the clamping groove; between the threaded section and the rear guide part is a polished rod for installing the cutting unit and the calibration unit 10; The rear guide part is a part of the tool holder 1, which has the same size as the processed hole. The outer ring of the rear guide part has cooling air holes A, and the inner ring is processed with positioning pin holes A; the right side of the rear guide part is the tail of the tool holder, and the front end With clamping slot;
所述的校准单元10，是由至少3个带锥面的圆柱段组成的一整块零件，每个带锥面的圆柱段都在外侧的相同位置加工有冷却气孔A，在内侧的相同位置加工有定位销孔A，在中间加工有大的通孔；校准单元10通过大的通孔安装在刀杆1上，紧靠在后导向部分左侧的台肩面上；示例中的校准单元10是由3个带锥面的圆柱段组成的一整块零件； The calibration unit 10 is an integral part composed of at least three cylindrical sections with tapered surfaces, each cylindrical section with tapered surfaces is processed with cooling air holes A at the same position on the outside, and at the same position on the inside A positioning pin hole A is processed, and a large through hole is processed in the middle; the calibration unit 10 is installed on the tool holder 1 through the large through hole, and it is close to the shoulder surface on the left side of the rear guide part; the calibration unit in the example 10 is an integral part made up of three cylindrical sections with tapered surfaces;
所述前导向单元8的左端带有锥度，中间为圆柱型，右端有尺寸较小的圆柱型的凸台，中间有大的通孔；前导向单元8通过中间的大的通孔插入刀杆1中，并通过圆柱型的凸台与切削单元接触； The left end of the front guide unit 8 has a taper, the middle is cylindrical, and the right end has a small cylindrical boss with a large through hole in the middle; the front guide unit 8 is inserted into the cutter bar through the large through hole in the middle 1, and contact with the cutting unit through the cylindrical boss;
一种对树脂基碳纤维复合材料制孔的刀具，该刀具安装在刀架13上的各个刀片是硬质合金刀片、硬度和耐磨性极高的PVD涂层刀片或金刚石涂层刀片。 A tool for making holes in resin-based carbon fiber composite materials. The blades installed on the tool holder 13 are cemented carbide blades, PVD coated blades or diamond coated blades with extremely high hardness and wear resistance.
本发明的效果和益处是：一种对树脂基碳纤维复合材料制孔的刀具是一种组合式可换刀片式拉刀。此刀具由多级不同的刀组组合，每层刀组逐级加工，单层刀刃的加工余量小，切削力小，产生热量少，刀片上有通气孔，加工时通入冷却气体，大幅降低切削温度低，减小刀刃的磨损。任何刀组的刀片与刀架13都可以分离刀片磨损后可以在位更换刀片，方便快捷，只有刀片使用硬质合金或金刚石涂层，刀具整体制造和使用成本低廉。前导向单元8、切削单元和校准单元10全部可以拆卸，方便维、维修和检验。刀具在有粗加工孔的树脂基碳纤维复合材料上能够一次性完成通孔的精加工，通孔加工质量高，加工效率高。 The effects and benefits of the present invention are: a tool for making holes in resin-based carbon fiber composite materials is a combined replaceable blade broach. This tool is composed of multi-level different knife groups, and each layer of knife groups is processed step by step. The single-layer cutting edge has a small machining allowance, a small cutting force, and less heat. Reduce the cutting temperature and reduce the wear of the cutting edge. The blade of any knife set can be separated from the knife holder 13. After the blade is worn, the blade can be replaced in place, which is convenient and quick. Only the blade is coated with carbide or diamond, and the overall manufacturing and use costs of the tool are low. The front guide unit 8, the cutting unit and the calibration unit 10 are all detachable, which is convenient for maintenance, maintenance and inspection. The cutting tool can complete the finish machining of the through hole at one time on the resin-based carbon fiber composite material with rough machining holes, and the through hole processing quality is high and the processing efficiency is high.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是一种对树脂基碳纤维复合材料制孔的刀具的主视图；图2是图1刀具的A-A剖视图；图3表示一对切削刀组的排布是刀具的B-B剖视图；图4是一对刀组其中一级切削刀的主视图；图5是一对刀组其中一级切削刀的左视局部剖视图；图6是七号刀片的主视图；图7表示精切刀块9，是刀具的C-C剖视图。其中，1-刀杆，2-二号刀片，3-三号刀片，4-四号刀片，5-五号刀片，6-六号刀片，7-七号刀片，8-前导向单元，9-精切刀块，10-校准单元，11-外六角紧固螺母，12-定位销，13-刀架，14-紧固螺栓，A-冷却气孔，B-定位销孔，C-阶梯通孔。 Fig. 1 is a front view of a tool for making holes in resin-based carbon fiber composite materials; Fig. 2 is a sectional view of A-A of the tool in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 shows that a pair of cutting tool groups are arranged in a sectional view of B-B of the tool; Fig. 4 is a The front view of one of the first-level cutting knives in the tool setting group; Fig. 5 is a left partial sectional view of one of the first-level cutting knives in the pair of knife sets; Fig. 6 is the front view of No. 7 blade; Fig. 7 shows the fine cutting knife block 9, which is C-C section view of the tool. Among them, 1-tool bar, 2-blade No. 2, 3-blade No. 3, 4-blade No. 4, 5-blade No. 5, 6-blade No. 6, 7-blade No. 7, 8-front guide unit, 9 -Fine cutting knife block, 10-calibration unit, 11-external hexagon fastening nut, 12-location pin, 13-knife holder, 14-fastening bolt, A-cooling air hole, B-location pin hole, C-step pass hole.
具体实施方式 detailed description
以下结合技术方案，具体实施例及附图详细叙述本发明的具体实施方式。一种对树脂基碳纤维复合材料制孔的刀具的工作原理是：此刀具是一种组合式可换刀片式拉刀。该刀具以拉刀刀杆为固定零件，刀杆上分别安装加工孔的校准单元，切削单元和前导向单元见图1、2，校准单元10是由3个带锥面的圆柱段组成的一整块零件；本实施例中切削单元由6对切削刀组、1个精切刀块9组成；每对刀组由90°交错排布的具有四个凸台的2个刀架13和刀片组成，每个刀架13上安装有4枚带有冷却孔的硬质合金或涂层的刀片，见图3、4、5。图6是七号刀片的主视图，其他刀片与七号刀片的结构相似，尺寸略微有差别；不同尺寸的切削刀组之间有非常微量的尺寸偏差，每组刀片只切削微量材料，硬质合金或涂层刀具刃口圆弧半径极小，切削刃极其锋利，单刃切削力小，不易造成树脂基碳纤维复合材料分层、撕裂等损伤，孔的加工质量高。通过不同刀组的逐级切削，一次性得到最终的通孔尺寸，加工效率高。拉削过程中拉削速度低，产生的热量少，且刀片具有冷却孔，能够通过气体冷却的形式减小加工处的温升，进而减小刀具磨损，消除树脂基碳纤维复合材料孔壁的热损伤。 The specific implementation manner of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with technical solutions, specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. The working principle of a cutting tool for making holes in resin-based carbon fiber composite materials is that the cutting tool is a combined replaceable blade broach. The tool uses a broaching tool bar as a fixed part, and a calibration unit for machining holes is respectively installed on the tool bar. The cutting unit and the front guide unit are shown in Figures 1 and 2. The calibration unit 10 is composed of three cylindrical sections with tapered surfaces. Integral parts; the cutting unit in this embodiment is made up of 6 pairs of cutting knife groups and 1 fine cutting knife block 9; each pair of knife groups is composed of 2 tool holders 13 and blades with four bosses arranged in a 90° staggered manner Composition, each tool rest 13 is equipped with 4 pieces of cemented carbide or coated blades with cooling holes, see Figures 3, 4, and 5. Figure 6 is the front view of the No. 7 blade. The other blades are similar in structure to the No. 7 blade, and the size is slightly different; there is a very small amount of dimensional deviation between the cutting tool sets of different sizes. Alloy or coated tools have extremely small arc radius, extremely sharp cutting edge, and small cutting force on a single edge, which is not easy to cause damage such as delamination and tearing of resin-based carbon fiber composite materials, and the processing quality of the hole is high. Through the step-by-step cutting of different cutter groups, the final through-hole size can be obtained at one time, and the processing efficiency is high. During the broaching process, the broaching speed is low, and the heat generated is small, and the blade has cooling holes, which can reduce the temperature rise at the processing place through gas cooling, thereby reducing tool wear and eliminating heat from the hole wall of the resin-based carbon fiber composite material. damage.
此刀具的校准单元10，切削单元和前导向单元8都是安装在刀杆1上的可拆卸单元，通过定位销12定位，通过外六角紧固螺母11拧紧在刀杆上。切削单元中有6对切削刀组，从刀杆1的头部到刀杆1的尾部的刀架13上分别安装有七号刀片7，六号刀片6、五号刀片5、四号刀片4、三号刀片3和二号刀片2，不同对切削刀组的刀片尺寸逐渐增大。每个切削刀组的刀架13上通过紧固螺栓14机械安装有四枚带有冷却孔的硬度和耐磨性极高的锋利的涂层刀片，每一对切削刀组上安装的刀片可以完整的切削一个圆形，其中所有刀片都可以在线更换，且可以只更换磨损的刀片，刀具不会整体报废，大幅降低了加工成本。通过拉削机床或手工拉削工具加持刀杆的头部和尾部，拉动或推动拉刀。加工工件初始通孔的尺寸与前导向单元8圆柱段的尺寸相同，通过前导向单元8导向拉刀，刀具的一部分穿过所要加工的通孔。切削单元中多对不同的切削刀组组合，每对切削刀组只加工很小的余量，逐级切削加工。一种对树脂基碳纤维复合材料制孔的刀具逐步运动，加工通孔，直至精切刀块9切削穿过通孔，通孔达到要求的尺寸，切削过程结束，校准单元10进入通孔，校对通孔尺寸。最后，后导向部分进入通孔，刀具通过，拉削过程结束。 The calibration unit 10 of this tool, the cutting unit and the front guide unit 8 are all detachable units installed on the knife bar 1, positioned by the positioning pin 12, and tightened on the knife bar by the outer hexagonal fastening nut 11. There are 6 pairs of cutting blades in the cutting unit, and No. 7 blade 7, No. 6 blade 6, No. 5 blade 5, and No. 4 blade 4 are respectively installed on the tool holder 13 from the head of the tool bar 1 to the tail of the tool bar 1. , No. 3 blade 3 and No. 2 blade 2, the size of the blades of different pairs of cutting knife groups increases gradually. The tool rest 13 of each cutting knife group is mechanically installed with four pieces of hard and wear-resistant sharp coating blades with cooling holes by fastening bolts 14, and the blades installed on each pair of cutting knife groups can be Complete cutting of a circle, in which all blades can be replaced online, and only the worn blades can be replaced, the tool will not be scrapped as a whole, which greatly reduces the processing cost. Hold the head and tail of the shank with a broaching machine or hand broaching tool, pulling or pushing the broach. The size of the initial through hole of the workpiece is the same as the size of the front guide unit 8 cylinder section, the broach is guided by the front guide unit 8, and a part of the tool passes through the through hole to be processed. There are multiple pairs of different cutting tool sets in the cutting unit, and each pair of cutting tool sets only processes a small margin and cuts step by step. A cutting tool for making holes in resin-based carbon fiber composite materials is moved step by step to process the through hole until the fine cutting knife block 9 cuts through the through hole, the through hole reaches the required size, the cutting process ends, the calibration unit 10 enters the through hole, and proofreads Through-hole size. Finally, the rear guide part enters the through hole, the tool passes and the broaching process ends.
整个切削过程，冷却空气通过一种对树脂基碳纤维复合材料制孔的刀具上的冷却气孔通入加工表面，对所有拉刀刀片进行冷却，大幅降低拉削过程中刀片刀刃处的温度。当切削过程中出现刀片磨损，可以在线在位拧下固定刀片的紧固螺栓14，卸下磨损的刀片，更换新刀片。当加工后发现刀具大量刀片磨损或精切刀块磨损，可以拧下外六角紧固螺母11，对磨损部位进行更换。 During the whole cutting process, the cooling air passes through the cooling air hole on the tool that makes holes in the resin-based carbon fiber composite material into the processing surface, cooling all the broach blades, and greatly reducing the temperature at the blade edge during the broaching process. When blade wear occurs in the cutting process, the fastening bolt 14 of the fixed blade can be unscrewed on-line, and the worn blade can be removed to replace a new blade. When it is found that a large number of blades of the tool are worn or the fine cutting block is worn after processing, the outer hexagonal fastening nut 11 can be unscrewed to replace the worn part.
本发明的一种对树脂基碳纤维复合材料制孔的刀具是一种组合式可换刀片式拉刀。此刀具单层刀刃的加工余量小，切削力小，产生热量少，加工时通入冷却气体，大幅降低切削温度低，减小刀刃的磨损。刀片使用锋利耐磨的硬质合金刀片或PVD涂层和金刚石涂层刀片，磨损后可以在位更换刀片，刀具整体制造和使用成本低廉。刀具在有粗加工孔的树脂基碳纤维复合材料上能够一次性完成通孔的精加工，通孔加工质量高，加工效率高。 A cutting tool for making holes in resin-based carbon fiber composite materials of the present invention is a combined replaceable blade type broach. The single-layer cutting edge of this tool has small machining allowance, small cutting force, and less heat generation. Cooling gas is introduced during processing, which greatly reduces the cutting temperature and reduces the wear of the cutting edge. The blade is sharp and wear-resistant carbide blade or PVD coating and diamond coating blade, the blade can be replaced in place after wear, and the overall manufacturing and use cost of the tool is low. The cutting tool can complete the finish machining of the through hole at one time on the resin-based carbon fiber composite material with rough machining holes, and the through hole processing quality is high and the processing efficiency is high.
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| CN104190998B (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2017-06-06 | 常州创伟工具制造有限公司 | Chit drill |
| CN105195816B (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2017-10-13 | 恒锋工具股份有限公司 | A kind of indexable broaching tool |
| JPWO2018180156A1 (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2020-02-06 | 日本電産株式会社 | Brooch tool |
| CN110475640A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2019-11-19 | 日本电产株式会社 | Broach tool |
| WO2018180157A1 (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2018-10-04 | 日本電産株式会社 | Broaching tool |
| CN108080717A (en) * | 2018-02-08 | 2018-05-29 | 常熟阿诺切削工具有限公司 | A kind of cylindrical type pulling eye cutter |
| CN108672806B (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2024-09-06 | 江阴塞特精密工具有限公司 | Scraping broach for hard tooth surface spline hole |
| CN108788293A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-13 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of flexible broaching tool of the decarburized layer and crackle of removal drill steel inner wall |
| CN112809083A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-05-18 | 万向钱潮传动轴有限公司 | Combined broach |
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