CN103753088B - Pure mechanical welding jig with synchronous self-locking function - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a purely mechanical welding fixture with synchronous self-locking function, including a positioning mechanism, a driving mechanism and a clamping mechanism; the positioning mechanism is a plate-shaped frame structure, which is a supporting base of the welding fixture and is used for calibration of welded parts The fixed position; the driving mechanism includes sequentially connecting the crank, connecting rod 2, moving slider 1, connecting rod 3, self-locking clamping slider, connecting rod 4, moving slider 2 and connecting rod 1 and installed in the self-locking clamping The clamping drive bracket and clamping handle on the slider; the clamping mechanism includes an elastic columnar compression rod, a rotary compression crank arm, a compression crank arm support seat, an adjustment nut and a right-angle compression rod, and the right-angle compression can be adjusted through the adjustment nut. The pressing force of the tight rod and the weldment can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the support seat of the pressing crank arm to adjust the pressing force and the self-locking position of the elastic columnar pressure bar to the weldment. The invention can reduce production energy consumption and production safety hazards, and improve the positioning accuracy, assembly accuracy and production efficiency of welded parts.

Description

A purely mechanical welding fixture with synchronous self-locking function

technical field

The invention relates to a welding fixture, in particular to a device capable of quickly and synchronously clamping and dismounting a plurality of welding elements in one-time clamping through the principle of a purely mechanical mechanism, and belongs to the technical field of mechanical fixtures.

Background technique

In industrial production, in order to fix the workpiece and realize the processing of the workpiece, it is often necessary to design a set of clamping mechanism. Especially when using welding robots for welding production, it is required to clamp as many welded parts as possible in one welding clamping to improve production efficiency; the fixation of each welding workpiece requires safety, reliability and positioning accuracy. High, and requires the mechanism to be simplified as far as possible without hindering the welding process. Traditional welding fixtures are often driven by pneumatic, electric and manual and clamped by independent units. Although these forms have low design technical requirements, they have the problem of multi-power drive and clamping positioning that are difficult to ensure, and there are also safety issues in the welding system. hidden dangers.

At present, the clamping of a single large weldment and the simultaneous clamping and positioning of multiple weldments in one-time clamping usually adopt a symmetrical or point-by-point clamping method from the middle to both sides, so that It is easy to cause positioning errors when the welded parts are clamped, so that the welding robot will inevitably have virtual welding and uneven penetration when working, which will seriously lead to welding deformation, so that the dimensional accuracy and assembly accuracy of the welding products cannot be guaranteed.

Aiming at the welding problems of mobile multi-station fixtures in one-time welding clamping, a welding fixture that can synchronously link one-time clamping and self-lock after welding parts are combined, and try to avoid the use of pneumatic and electric drive clamping forms , is an ideal target to improve the safety and efficiency of movable welding fixtures.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above existing problems, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a welding fixture that utilizes the power principle of a purely mechanical mechanism to implement self-locking clamping simultaneously at 4 positions, so as to reduce production costs and prevent and reduce production safety accidents , to ensure the positioning accuracy of the welding parts clamping, so as to improve the clamping efficiency in welding production, and finally achieve the purpose of improving the overall working efficiency of the welding robot.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is: a purely mechanical welding fixture with synchronous self-locking function, including a positioning mechanism, a driving mechanism and a clamping mechanism;

The positioning mechanism is a plate-shaped frame structure, which is the supporting base of the welding fixture, and is used to calibrate the fixed position of the weldment: including the welding chassis, the first positioning support plate, the second positioning support plate, the positioning round table and the positioning groove, Positioning support plate 1 and positioning support plate 2 are fixed at both ends of the welding base frame, the positioning round table is fixed in the middle of the welding base frame, and positioning grooves are set on both sides of the positioning round table; the bottom of the positioning round table is equipped with a self-locking sliding guide rod; welding The lower end of the base frame is provided with a sliding guide rail; the welded base frame also has a long strip-shaped adjustment slot between the positioning round platform and the positioning support plate one;

The drive mechanism includes crank, connecting rod one, connecting rod two, clamping drive bracket, clamping handle, moving slider one, connecting rod three, self-locking clamping slider, connecting rod four and moving slider two, The self-locking clamping slider is installed on the self-locking sliding guide rod, and the moving slider 1 and the moving slider 2 are installed in the sliding guide rail; the crank is connected with the connecting rod 2, and the connecting rod 2 is connected with the moving slider 1, and the moving slider One is connected with the self-locking clamping slider through the connecting rod three, the moving slider two is connected with the self-locking clamping slider through the connecting rod four, and the connecting rod one is connected with the moving slider two; the clamping drive bracket is fixed on the self-locking clamp On the clamping slider, there is a clamping handle receiving groove at the lower end of the clamping drive bracket, and the clamping handle is installed in the clamping handle receiving groove of the clamping drive bracket through the rotary shaft, and the clamping handle can be moved under the action of external force through the elastic pin. Rotate 90 degrees around the rotary shaft in the storage groove of the clamping handle, and the position of the clamping handle remains unchanged without external force; when the clamping handle is pulled to move up and down, it can drive the moving slider 1 and the moving slider 2 to move smoothly left and right within the stroke of the sliding guide rail ;

The clamping mechanism includes an elastic columnar compression rod, a rotary compression crank arm, a compression crank arm support seat, an adjustment nut and a right-angle compression rod. The adjustment nut is installed on the crank, and the right-angle compression rod is connected with the adjustment nut. The adjustment nut can adjust the pressing force between the right-angle pressing rod and the weldment; the elastic columnar pressing rod is connected with the rotating pressing arm, and the rotating pressing arm is installed on the supporting seat of the pressing arm; the supporting seat of the pressing arm is fixed In the long strip-shaped adjustment groove on the welding base frame; by adjusting the position of the pressing crank arm support seat in the long strip-shaped adjustment groove, the pressing force and self-locking position of the elastic columnar pressure rod on the weldment can be adjusted.

The rotary compression crank arm includes a rotary compression crank arm shell, a compression spring and a compression spring cover, and the compression spring is installed in the rotary compression crank arm shell and connected with the elastic columnar pressure rod through the compression spring cover.

The right-angle pressing rod includes a right-angle pressing rod frame, and the short end and the long end of the right-angle pressing rod frame are respectively equipped with elastic short gaskets and elastic long gaskets.

The crank, the second connecting rod, the first moving slider, the third connecting rod, the self-locking clamping slider, the fourth connecting rod, the second moving slider and the first connecting rod are sequentially connected by hinges and pins.

The invention is applicable to the welding positioning and clamping of the small 3P motor bracket on the front panel of Chigo air conditioners. After the positional relationship of the welded parts is placed, the right-angle pressing rods and elastic columnar pressing rods on the left and right sides are driven by the driving mechanism from bottom to top to clamp. The welded parts reach the maximum clamping force at the self-locking point of the crank rocker slider mechanism and successfully realize the interlocking of the left and right sides. When the welding is completed, pull the clamping handle down to leave the self-locking point to take out the welded workpiece conveniently and quickly. Compared with the prior art, the main advantages of the present invention are:

1. The elastic columnar pressure rod and the rotary compression crank arm cooperate with the compression spring, so that the elastic cylindrical pressure rod has a fine-tuning gap when pressing the weldment, and the compression process is non-rigid contact, which effectively avoids scratching the weldment And the excessive internal stress of each weldment during the compression process;

2. It is a movable multi-station welding fixture with synchronous linkage and one-time clamping. It adopts the self-locking point interlocking clamping of purely mechanical mechanism. The power mechanism of the fixture is improved, which reduces the hidden dangers of production safety caused by welding;

3. The use of symmetrical synchronous linkage clamping effectively avoids the phenomenon of changing the calibration position of the weldment and deformation of the clamped workpiece during the point-by-point clamping process, and improves the positioning accuracy and assembly accuracy of the weldment;

4. The clamping mechanism effectively utilizes the mutual position and cooperation relationship between the welded parts, reduces the number of welding fixtures, and improves production efficiency;

5. Both the right-angle pressing rod and the elastic columnar pressing rod have clamping force in both horizontal and vertical directions, and the clamping effect is obvious.

6. The design is simple, easy to produce, and the operation is simple and easy for workers to master. The operator only needs to move the clamping handle up and down to easily realize the clamping and loading and unloading of the welded parts.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a purely mechanical welding fixture with a synchronous self-locking function in the state of clamping a weldment according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a purely mechanical welding fixture with a synchronous self-locking function according to the present invention when it is unloading a weldment.

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a purely mechanical welding fixture with synchronous self-locking function according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a view of the bottom structure of the purely mechanical welding fixture with synchronous self-locking function according to the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the positioning mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a bottom structural view of the positioning mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram 1 of the driving mechanism and the clamping mechanism according to the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a second structural schematic diagram of the driving mechanism and the clamping mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a structural diagram of the weldment according to the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a structural schematic diagram 1 of the clamping mechanism and the weldment according to the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a second structural schematic diagram of the clamping mechanism and the weldment according to the present invention.

Fig. 12 is a structural schematic diagram of the clamping mechanism of the present invention fixing the weldment on the positioning mechanism.

Fig. 13 is a schematic structural view of the elastic columnar pressure rod in the clamping mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 14 is a sectional view of A-A in Fig. 13 .

Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the right-angle pressing rod in the clamping mechanism of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The technical solution of the present invention will be further elaborated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Comparing Figure 3 and Figure 4: A purely mechanical welding fixture with synchronous self-locking function, including three parts: positioning mechanism, driving mechanism and clamping mechanism.

Compare Figure 3-Figure 6: the positioning mechanism is a plate-shaped frame structure, which is the supporting base of the welding fixture, and is used to calibrate the fixed position of the weldment: including the welding base 1, the positioning support plate-1A, the positioning support Plate 2 1D, positioning round table 1C and positioning groove 1B, positioning support plate 1A and positioning support plate 2 1D are fixed at both ends of welding chassis 1, positioning round platform 1C is fixed in the middle of welding chassis 1, and positioning groove 1B is located in The two sides of the positioning round table 1C; the bottom of the positioning round table 1C is provided with a self-locking sliding guide rod 1E; the lower end of the welding chassis 1 is provided with a sliding guide rail; the welding chassis 1 is also provided with a Long strip adjustment slot;

3, FIG. 4, FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, the drive mechanism includes a connecting rod 4, a crank 7, a connecting rod 2 8, a clamping drive bracket 9, a clamping handle 10, a moving slider 12, a connecting rod Rod three 13, self-locking clamping slider 14, connecting rod four 15 and moving slider two 16, self-locking clamping slider 14 is installed on the self-locking sliding guide rod 1E, moving slider one 12 and moving slider two 16 is installed in the sliding guide rail; crank 7 is connected with connecting rod two 8, connecting rod two 8 is connected with moving slider one 12, moving slider one 12 is connected with self-locking clamping slider 14 through connecting rod three 13, and moving slider Block two 16 is connected with self-locking clamping slider 14 through connecting rod four 15, and connecting rod one 4 is connected with moving slider two 16; Clamping driving bracket 9 is fixed on self-locking clamping slider 14, clamping driving bracket The lower end of 9 is provided with a clamping handle receiving groove, and the clamping handle 10 is installed in the clamping handle receiving groove of the clamping drive bracket 9 through a rotary shaft, and the clamping handle 10 can be accommodated in the clamping handle under the action of an external force through the elastic pin. The groove revolves around the rotary axis by 90 degrees, and the position of the clamping handle 10 remains unchanged without external force; when the clamping handle 10 is pulled to move up and down, it can drive the moving slider 12 and the moving slider 2 16 to move smoothly left and right within the stroke of the sliding guide rail;

With reference to Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, and Fig. 10-12, the clamping mechanism includes an elastic columnar pressing rod 2, a rotary pressing crank arm 3, an adjusting nut 5, a right-angled pressing rod 6 and a pressing The crank arm support seat 11, the adjustment nut 5 is installed on the crank 7, the right-angle compression rod 6 is connected with the adjustment nut 5, and the compression force of the right-angle compression rod 6 and the weldment 17 can be adjusted through the adjustment nut 5; the elastic columnar compression rod 2. It is connected with the rotary compression crank arm 3, and the rotary compression crank arm 3 is installed on the compression crank arm support seat 11; the compression crank arm support seat 11 is fixed in the strip-shaped adjustment groove on the welding chassis 1; through Adjusting the position of the pressing crank arm support seat 11 in the elongated adjustment groove can adjust the pressing force and self-locking position of the elastic columnar pressing rod 2 against the weldment 17 .

Referring to Fig. 13 and Fig. 14, the described rotating and compressing crank arm 3 includes a rotating and compressing crank arm housing 31, a compression spring 32 and a compression spring cover 33, and the compression spring 32 is installed in the rotating and compressing crank arm housing 31 And be connected with elastic columnar pressure rod 2 by compression spring cover 33.

Referring to FIG. 15 , the right-angle pressing rod 6 includes a right-angle pressing rod frame 63 , and the short end and the long end of the right-angle pressing rod frame 63 are respectively equipped with elastic short gaskets 61 and elastic long gaskets 62 .

Described crank 7, connecting rod two 8, moving slider one 12, connecting rod three 13, self-locking clamping slider 14, connecting rod four 15, moving slider two 16 and connecting rod one 4 pass hinge and pin in turn connect.

With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the principle of clamping the welded parts of the present invention is: moving slider 2 16, connecting rod 1 4 and rotating compression crank arm 3 are connected to form the right side crank rocker slider mechanism; Crank 7 is installed on the rotary shaft of welding chassis 1 lower left side, and connecting rod 2 8 connects crank 7 and moving slide block 1 12 by hinge form, constitutes left side crank rocker slider mechanism. Install the welding piece 17, push the self-locking clamping slider 14 upwards to the self-locking position, adjust the position of the rotating compression support seat 11, so that the elastic columnar pressure bar 2 can generate a suitable self-locking force at the self-locking position. Right-angle hold down bar 6 is installed on the top fixed plate of crank 7, by adjusting nut 5, adjust the pressing force of right-angle hold down bar 6. Since the pressing force produced by the right-angle pressing rod 6 is 45-60 degrees to the upper surface of the weldment 17, no matter whether the elastic long washer 62 or the elastic short washer 61 first contacts the weldment 17, it can generate rightward and downward force components. , This ensures the compression of the weldment 17. Since the pressing points of the pressing units on both sides are all at the self-locking point of the crank slider rocker mechanism, an interlocking force is generated on the self-locking clamping slider 14, so that it can be guaranteed that the whole welding robot works , even if the workbench is turned over, the positioning of the weldment 17 still remains firm and accurate.

With reference to Fig. 9, the positioning process of the weldment 17 is: first, the positioning reference of the welding frame 173 is the positioning round table 1C in the welding base frame 1; the second, the positioning reference of the welding rod one 172 and the welding rod two 174 is Positioning slot 1B and positioning support plate one 1A; third, the positioning reference of welding plate one 171 is the upper end surface of welding rod one 172 and positioning support plate one 1A; fourth, the positioning reference of welding plate two 175 is welding rod one 172 The end face and positioning support plate two.

With reference to Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the principle of loading and unloading of welded parts in the present invention is:

Open the clamping handle 10 and the welded chassis 1 at 90 degrees, pull the clamping handle 10 down to the down stroke point, drive the clamping drive bracket 9 to the down stroke point, and then drive the self-locking clamping slider 14 to leave the self-locking point Arrive at the down trip point.

From the self-locking clamping slide block 14 to the process of the downstroke point, the moving slide block one 12 and the moving slide block two 16 on both sides are moved to the middle by connecting rod three 13 and connecting rod four 15. Furthermore, the clockwise rotation of the second connecting rod 8 drives the crank 7 to rotate counterclockwise, so that the right-angle compression rod 6 leaves the clamping position and reaches the maximum outward tension position; at the same time, the clockwise rotation of the other connecting rod 1 drives the rotary compression crank arm 3 to rotate The rotary shaft of the compression crank arm support seat 11 rotates counterclockwise so that the elastic columnar pressure rod 2 leaves the clamping position and reaches the maximum open position. Now if there is welded weldment 17 on the welding jig, then it can be directly taken out.

Put a new weldment 17 into the welding fixture, and place the correspondingly calibrated positions and relationships on the welding chassis 1 in the order of welding frame 173, welding rod 1 172, welding rod 2 174, welding plate 1 171, and welding plate 2 175. Place each welded component.

Push the clamping handle 10 upwards to move toward the self-locking point, and the clamping power is transmitted to the self-locking clamping slider 14 through the clamping handle 10 and the clamping handle driving bracket 9 . Self-locking clamping slider 14 pushes moving slider 1 12 and moving slider 2 16 to slide to both sides through connecting rod 3 13 and connecting rod 4 14; moving slider 1 12 drives crank 7 to rotate clockwise through connecting rod 2 8 to approach And compress the welding plate 2 175 and move the slider 2 16 through the connecting rod 1 4 to drive the rotating and compressing crank arm 3 to rotate clockwise, and the elastic columnar pressing rod 2 connected in the rotating and compressing crank arm 3 is compressed with a columnar surface Weld plate one 171. When the pressing force on both sides reaches the maximum, the self-locking clamping slider 14 moves to the self-locking position. At this time, the clamping handle 10 is turned back 90 degrees counterclockwise, and the whole process of unloading the weldment is completed.

The example of the present invention is a two-sided symmetrical synchronous self-locking clamping fixture designed for the welding requirements of the small 3P motor bracket on the front panel of the Chigo air conditioner. On the basis of the mechanism principle of the present invention, according to the clamping requirements of the welded parts, the welding fixture can be flexibly transformed into a synchronous self-locking clamping welding fixture in 90-degree direction and 360-degree direction.

Claims (4)

1. there is a Purely mechanical weld jig for synchronous auto-lock function, it is characterized in that, comprise detent mechanism, driving mechanism and clamp system;

Described detent mechanism is plate-shaped frame structure, it is the support substrate of weld jig, for demarcating the fixed position of weldment: comprise welding underframe, location support plate one, location support plate two, positioning round table and locating slot, location support plate one and location support plate two are fixed on the two ends of welding underframe, positioning round table is fixed on the middle part of welding underframe, and locating slot is located at the both sides of positioning round table; Self-locking sliding guide is provided with bottom positioning round table; The lower end of welding underframe is provided with rail plate; Welding underframe is also provided with strip adjustment tank between positioning round table and location support plate one;

Described driving mechanism comprises crank, connecting rod one, connecting rod two, clamping driving arm, clamping lever, moving slider one, connecting rod three, self-locking grip slide, connecting rod four and moving slider two, self-locking grip slide is arranged on self-locking sliding guide, and moving slider one and moving slider two are arranged in rail plate; Crank is connected with connecting rod two, and connecting rod two is connected with moving slider one, and moving slider one is connected with self-locking grip slide by connecting rod three, and moving slider two is connected with self-locking grip slide by connecting rod four, and connecting rod one is connected with moving slider two; Clamping driving arm is fixed on self-locking grip slide, clamping driving arm lower end has clamping lever accepting groove, clamping lever is arranged in the clamping lever accepting groove of clamping driving arm by gyroaxis, make clamping lever around gyroaxis 90 degree revolution in clamping lever accepting groove, External Force Acting clamping lever invariant position can be there is no under external force by resilient key; Moving slider one and moving slider two left and right in rail plate stroke can be driven when pulling clamping lever to move up and down level and smooth mobile;

Described clamp system comprises elastic columnar shape depression bar, rotatably compress and crank arm, compress crank supports seat, adjusting nut and right angle compressor arm, adjusting nut is arranged on crank, right angle compressor arm is connected with adjusting nut, can be adjusted the thrust of right angle compressor arm and weldment by adjusting nut; Elastic columnar shape depression bar is connected with rotatably compressing to crank arm, and rotatably compressing cranks arm is arranged on and compresses on crank supports seat; Compression crank supports seat is fixed in the strip adjustment tank on welding underframe; Compress the position of crank supports seat in strip adjustment tank by adjustment and can adjust elastic columnar shape depression bar to the thrust of weldment and self-locking position.

2. the Purely mechanical weld jig with synchronous auto-lock function according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described rotatably compress to crank arm to comprise rotatably compress shell of cranking arm, pressing spring and pressing spring lid, pressing spring is arranged on and rotatably compresses in shell of cranking arm and be connected with elastic columnar shape depression bar by pressing spring lid.

3. the Purely mechanical weld jig with synchronous auto-lock function according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described right angle compressor arm comprises right angle and compresses bridge, and short end and the long end of right angle compression bridge are separately installed with the short pad of elasticity and the long pad of elasticity.

4. the Purely mechanical weld jig with synchronous auto-lock function according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described crank, connecting rod two, moving slider one, connecting rod three, self-locking grip slide, connecting rod four, moving slider two are connected with pin by hinge successively with connecting rod one.