CN103745112B - Method for ensuring maximum residue failure rate of signal chain - Google Patents
Method for ensuring maximum residue failure rate of signal chain Download PDFInfo
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- CN103745112B CN103745112B CN201410019802.7A CN201410019802A CN103745112B CN 103745112 B CN103745112 B CN 103745112B CN 201410019802 A CN201410019802 A CN 201410019802A CN 103745112 B CN103745112 B CN 103745112B
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for ensuring maximum residue failure rate of a signal chain in car safety completeness grade evaluation. The flow path of signals in signal chain evaluation can be used to ensure the maximum residue failure rate according to the following steps: acquiring corresponding PPM values for elements which can not acquire failure modes and corresponding failure rate, wherein the PPM values refer to bad element amount in the designated amount during a designated period; utilizing the acquired PPM values to acquire metering failure rate, acquire the minimum judgment identification rate in all failure modes related to the safety according to the above elements so as to further acquire maximum judgment non-identification rate of the elements; acquiring maximum residue failure rate of the elements related to the safety based on the metering failure rate of the elements and the minimum judgment non-identification rate; acquiring residue failure rate related to the security from the rest elements with failure modes and failure rate; acquiring maximum value of all residue failure rate of the signal chain according to the maximum residue failure rate of the elements.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for maximum remaining crash rate for determining signal chains in automotive safety integrity level assessment, particularly, the PPM data related to based on parts determine the method for the maximum remaining crash rate of signal chains.
Background technology
Along with popularizing of motor vehicles, the security of vehicle becomes the person of possessing of technician and motor vehicles (i.e. user) questions of common interest.In recent years, in continuous lifting vehicle various parts quality while, also there is the controlling mechanism of a lot of raising entire vehicle security, such as electric brake system, such as anti-lock braking system ABS(Anti-lock Braking System), electronic stability control ESC(Electronic Stability System) system etc.
ABS system can be arranged on the automobile of any band water brake.It utilizes a rubber pneumatic bag in valve body, when stepping on brake, giving brake fluid pressure, being full of in the valve body of ABS, and then air bag utilizes middle air buffer to be returned by pressure, makes wheel circumvent locked-up point.Specifically, ABS system sends wheel by by the signal of locking by the sensor be arranged on wheel, controller demand regulator reduces the oil pressure of this wheel brake cylinder, reduce braking moment, after certain hour, recover original oil pressure again, constantly like this circulation (per second reach 5 ~ 10 times), thus make wheel be in rotary state all the time and have maximum braking moment.
In contrast, do not install the vehicle of ABS under steam, if firmly step on brake pedal, then vehicle wheel rotational speed can reduce rapidly.When damping force exceedes the friction force on wheel and ground, wheel will by locking, and the wheel of complete locking can make the friction force on tire and ground decline.If the front-wheel of vehicle is by locking, driver is by the travel direction of uncontrollable vehicle, if trailing wheel is by locking, occurs sideslip phenomenon with regard to as easy as rolling off a log.
Visible ABS system improves the security in driving procedure effectively, and so the fault detect of ABS system self just seems particularly important.Fault comprises fault and mechanical fault etc., such as, in the ABS system fault of the parts such as sensor (comprising sensor coil resistance, rotor gear ring and sensor output signal etc.), brake-pressure controller, ECU (Electrical Control Unit).Therefore, the security detecting each parts in ABS system is one of key factor of guarantee driving safety.
Except ABS system, in vehicle, contain the big and small various parts of multiple manufacturers produce.And safe, the normal operation of each parts obviously plays vital effect to the overall security of vehicle.Existing assessment vehicle safety integrity measure is, by the comprehensive assessment of the failure mode to each element in a certain signal chains, crash rate and security mechanism, learn the quantizating index such as the remaining crash rate of this signal chains, and the index obtained and set safety integrity level (such as according to the regulation of road vehicle Functional Safety Standard ISO26262) are compared, thus determine the automotive safety integrity level of whole piece signal chains.Such signal chains automotive safety integrity level assessment has become one of the most basic, most important work in road vehicle functional safety.
Particularly, in such signal chains automotive safety integrity level evaluation process, need the details of the failure mode of each element in understanding signal chains, crash rate and security mechanism.But, in reality, these elements are usually from different (even external) suppliers, in view of some of them information often retains as the manufactured business of secret of the trade because relating to the core of product, cause directly that carrying out Efficient Evaluation to the automotive safety integrity level of signal chains brings obstacle.
For above-mentioned present situation, need a kind ofly when the failure mode of some element of signal chains, crash rate and security mechanism cannot be known, still can to carry out the method for safety integrity level assessment to this bars chain.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve or at least alleviate the problems referred to above of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of by utilizing the PPM data of relevant elements in signal chains, determine the method for the maximum remaining crash rate of signal chains, and then realize the automotive safety integrity level assessment of signal chains.
According to one embodiment of present invention, provide a kind of method of the maximum remaining crash rate for determining signal chains in automotive safety integrity level assessment, wherein, described signal chains refers to the path that in assessment, signal flows through, and determines its maximum remaining crash rate by following steps:
For the element cannot knowing its failure mode and corresponding crash rate, obtain the PPM value of its correspondence, wherein, PPM value is the failed part amount of this element in set period in specified quantity;
Utilize the PPM value of the element obtained, obtain the metering crash rate of this element;
For each said elements, obtain the Diagnosis with Minimum Cost discrimination in its security-related all failure modes, and then the unidentified rate of the maximum diagnosis obtaining this element;
Based on metering crash rate and the unidentified rate of its maximum diagnosis of this element, obtain the described maximum remaining crash rate that this element is security-related;
To all the other elements of known failure pattern and crash rate, obtain the remaining crash rate that it is security-related;
In conjunction with the maximum remaining crash rate of said elements and the remaining crash rate of all the other elements, obtain the maximal value of the remaining crash rate of whole signal chains.
Alternatively, described signal chains comprises the electronic control unit of sensor and sensor-lodging, wherein, and the failure mode of described sensor and the unknown of corresponding crash rate.Wherein, described electronic control unit is electric brake system.
Preferably, described sensor is wheel speed sensors, steering wheel angle sensor and/or vacuum sensor, and described electric brake system is electronic stability controlling system.
Preferably, described sensor is wheel speed sensors, and described electric brake system is anti-lock braking system.
Alternatively, using the metering crash rate of element of each failure mode and corresponding crash rate the unknown and the product of the unidentified rate of maximum diagnosis as the security-related maximum remaining crash rate of this element, and the unidentified rate of maximum diagnosis is integer 1 and the difference of the obtained aforementioned Diagnosis with Minimum Cost discrimination relevant with this element.
Alternatively, the security-related remaining crash rate of all the other elements is calculated by following manner and obtains: to each element in all the other elements described, obtain it and often plant crash rate under failure mode and diagnosis and distinguish rate, using the diagnosis unidentified rate of the difference of integer 1 and discrimination as this element, using the remaining crash rate of the product of the crash rate under often kind of failure mode and the unidentified rate of diagnosis as this failure mode; Remaining crash rate under often kind of failure mode of each element is sued for peace, obtains the remaining crash rate that this element is security-related.
Preferably, described PPM value is the failed part amount of this element every year in every 1,000,000, and described metering crash rate is
From above-mentioned, by using the PPM value of element, the present invention to knowing that the element of its failure mode and corresponding crash rate calculates its remaining crash rate, thus can reduce the difficulty of assessment, improves the efficiency of the remaining crash rate assessment of signal chains.
Accompanying drawing explanation
By the detailed description of carrying out below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, further understanding will be had to the present invention, thus other characteristic of above-mentioned and other advantages of the present invention, disclosed exemplary embodiment and advantage will become obvious to those skilled in the art.It is to be noted, however, that no matter be accompanying drawing or instantiation hereinafter, all just in order to the exemplary description that thinking of the present invention is made is described, should by as the restriction to any aspect of the present invention.Protection scope of the present invention is limited by the content of claims and equivalents thereof.In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 schematically shows a part for the signal chains can implementing the solution of the present invention;
Fig. 2 schematically shows the method according to the present invention one exemplary embodiment.
Embodiment
As described above, in the assessment of signal chains automotive safety integrity level, be an important component part of the automotive safety integrity level assessment of signal chains to the assessment of the remaining crash rate of element each in signal chains.Below in conjunction with the simplified schematic signal chains discussion shown in Fig. 1 wherein each element and whole piece signal chains automotive safety integrity level assessment.
Signal chains as shown in Figure 1 comprises sensors A, electronic control unit B and signal chains output signal S.Here, sensors A can be such as wheel speed sensors, steering wheel angle sensor, vacuum sensor etc. or its combination in any, and electronic control unit B can be such as ABS system mentioned above.For simplicity, Fig. 1 show schematically only a part for signal chains in vehicle.It is evident that, appraisal procedure according to the present invention can be applicable to element any in vehicle and relevant signal chains, instead of is confined to the situation shown in Fig. 1.
In addition, be appreciated that mentioned signal chains refers to the path that signal flows through herein.Particularly, this path can comprise the element of any appropriate, such as, sensor shown in Fig. 1, wire harness, processor etc.Wherein, the signal flowing through signal chains had both related to the actual physical amount detected by sensor, also related to the information of the indication such as the size embodying measured physical quantity, power exported after transmission and process.
The failure mode of sensors A in Fig. 1 is counted Fi, and its corresponding crash rate is Ri, and diagnosis and distinguish rate corresponding is with it Di(wherein i=1 to n).Wherein, Ri refers in corresponding failure mode Fi, the probability that sensors A lost efficacy.Wherein, diagnosis and distinguish rate Di is the quantized value of security mechanism, is the probability that can carry out correct diagnosis and distinguish in a certain operation interval of sensors A in corresponding failure mode Fi.Particularly, if such as sensors A is wheel speed sensors, then its possible operation interval is some velocity ranges, if sensors A is bearing circle deliver sensor, then its possible operation interval is some angular ranges, and so corresponding diagnosis and distinguish rate Di is then the diagnosis and distinguish rate in a corresponding particular speed range or in angular range.Here, those skilled in the art can understand, diagnosis and distinguish rate can in the processes such as daily use, test, research, by accumulating experience data or test data of experiment and obtain.
Similarly, the failure mode of electronic control unit B in Fig. 1 is counted Fj, and its corresponding crash rate is Rj, and diagnosis and distinguish rate corresponding is with it Dj(wherein j=1 to m).
Suppose that all failure modes of said elements A, B are all security-related, then the total remaining crash rate RF of signal chains shown in Fig. 1 should be:
Wherein, with the difference of diagnosis and distinguish rate D, integer 1 means that this element can not carry out the probability of diagnosis and distinguish, that is, diagnose unidentified rate.
But, it should be noted that, the precondition of the computing method of the remaining loss of redundancy rate of above-mentioned signal chains is, need to know failure mode and the crash rate of each element in signal chains, because be only aware of both statistics that just may obtain the remaining crash rate of element under this failure mode (even if otherwise know the statistics of diagnosis and distinguish rate corresponding in some particular cases, also cannot know that obtained diagnosis and distinguish rate statistics is corresponding with which crash rate, causing still cannot the remaining crash rate of computing element).
Visible, want to use above formula to calculate the remaining crash rate of signal chains, then must know failure mode and the crash rate of each element, thus obtain corresponding remaining crash rate on this basis.But as previously mentioned, often as secret of the trade, manufactured business retains for the failure mode of element and crash rate, therefore, needs to find alternative mode to calculate the remaining crash rate of signal chains.
As described above, the present invention is by utilizing PPM value thus to the element cannot knowing its failure mode and corresponding crash rate, calculates its remaining crash rate, and then calculates the total remaining crash rate of whole piece signal chains.This is because, in signal chains each element obtainable information in, PPM(PartsPer Million) value is then relatively disclosed product information.Wherein, PPM value is the failed part amount of element in set period in specified quantity.Hereinafter, using the failed part quantity every year in every 1,000,000 as an example of PPM value.Certainly, in concrete practice, choosing of PPM value is not limited to this.To those skilled in the art, also PPM value can be set to every six months, every three months, any appropriate such as every 3 years time period in any amount such as every 1,000,000, every 100,000 element in, the quantity of failed part.Visible, specifically choosing of PPM value, can be determined on a case-by-case basis.
The process utilizing the remaining crash rate of PPM value computing element and even whole piece signal chains is described below in conjunction with the method shown in signal chains shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.Wherein, suppose in the signal chains shown in Fig. 1, the failure mode of sensors A and the unknown of corresponding crash rate.Failure mode and the corresponding crash rate of electronic control unit B are known.
As shown in Figure 2, in step 201, for the sensors A cannot knowing its failure mode and corresponding crash rate, the PPM value of its correspondence is obtained.Here, as an example, PPM value is elected as the failed part amount of sensors A every year in every 1,000,000.
In step 202., utilize the PPM value of the sensors A obtained, obtain the metering crash rate FIT(Failure In Time of this element) value.Wherein, FIT represents in specific time period, such as, in the period of 109 hours, and the crash rate of sensors A.When PPM be the failed part amount of sensors A every year in every 1,000,000, to get the time period be 10
9hour when, FIT value can be expressed as:
Wherein, PPM and (10
6× 365 × 24) quotient representation every part sensors A failed part probability hourly, that is, the crash rate of sensors A.
In step 203, for each such element, such as sensors A, extracts the minimum value of the statistics of the diagnosis and distinguish rate in its security-related all failure modes under whole operation interval, as the Diagnosis with Minimum Cost discrimination of sensors A.According to this Diagnosis with Minimum Cost discrimination, obtain the unidentified rate of its maximum diagnosis (such as, 100% and the difference of Diagnosis with Minimum Cost discrimination).
In step 204, based on metering crash rate FIT value and the unidentified rate of maximum diagnosis of element,
Obtain the maximum remaining crash rate that this element (sensors A) is security-related.Such as, unidentified to FIT value and maximum diagnosis rate is multiplied, tries to achieve the maximal value of the remaining crash rate of sensors A.
In step 205, to all the other elements (the electronic control unit B in such as Fig. 1) of known failure pattern and crash rate, the remaining crash rate that it is security-related is obtained.
In step 206, in conjunction with the maximum remaining crash rate of said elements (sensors A) and the remaining crash rate of all the other elements (electronic control unit B), this two parts crash rate is sued for peace, obtains the maximal value of the remaining crash rate of whole signal chains.Shown in maximal value (RFworstcase) formula specific as follows of the total remaining crash rate of signal chains:
Such as, in concrete application, car load factory can estimate the maximum remaining crash rate of wheel speed sensors in the manner described above, and ABS supplier provides the remaining crash rate that its product is relevant, so to two parts summation, the maximal value of the total remaining crash rate of signal chains can be obtained.Similarly, ESC supplier also can provide the remaining crash rate that its product is relevant, for the sensor of all the other types, such as wheel speed sensors, steering wheel angle sensor, vacuum transducer etc., then can try to achieve its maximum remaining crash rate according to the method described above, then these two parts sued for peace thus obtain the maximal value of the corresponding total remaining crash rate of signal chains.
As described above, after the maximal value of total remaining crash rate obtaining signal chains, itself and predetermined safety integrity level (such as according to the regulation of road vehicle Functional Safety Standard ISO26262) can be compared, thus evaluate the safety integrity level of signal chains.Such as, in example shown above, if remaining crash rate is within 100FIT, then this index can meet the requirement of safety integrity level B.
It should be noted that the value of the value of above PPM and the time period of FIT value is all can set according to many related factors such as concrete needs and applied environments.Such as, FIT can elect 10 as
-7hour.
According to the exemplary embodiment above described by composition graphs 1, Fig. 2, the estimation of the present invention by utilizing PPM value to achieve the remaining crash rate for the element not knowing its failure mode and crash rate.This method contributes to simplifying evaluation process, reduces assessment difficulty.Substituting failure mode and the crash rate information of each related elements in signal chains required in calculating by utilizing PPM information, completing the approximate estimation of the remaining crash rate of this signal chains.Consider that remaining crash rate is an important indicator of signal chains safety integrity level assessment, scheme proposed by the invention alleviates the bottleneck in existing appraisal procedure significantly.
Description is above illustrative rather than restrictive in essence.To those skilled in the art, be all feasible to any variants and modifications carried out to adapt to the factors such as concrete environment, requirement of disclosed example.And, disclose the concrete operation step of method above in certain sequence.But, it is not intended the execution sequence that style of writing order represents step.Therefore, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that and can still can implement to change the concrete operation step of method under prerequisite of the present invention, such as, the step of said method is carried out merge or further fractionation, reversed order etc.In any case protection scope of the present invention is determined by the content of claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (8)
1., for determining a method for the maximum remaining crash rate of signal chains in automotive safety integrity level assessment, wherein, described signal chains refers to the path that in assessment, signal flows through, and determines its maximum remaining crash rate by following steps:
For the element cannot knowing its failure mode and corresponding crash rate, obtain the PPM value of its correspondence, wherein, PPM value is the failed part amount of this element in set period in specified quantity;
Utilize the PPM value of the element obtained, obtain the metering crash rate of this element;
For each said elements, obtain the Diagnosis with Minimum Cost discrimination in its security-related all failure modes, and then the unidentified rate of the maximum diagnosis obtaining this element;
Based on metering crash rate and the unidentified rate of its maximum diagnosis of this element, obtain the described maximum remaining crash rate that this element is security-related;
To all the other elements of known failure pattern and crash rate, obtain the remaining crash rate that it is security-related;
In conjunction with the maximum remaining crash rate of said elements and the remaining crash rate of all the other elements, obtain the maximal value of the remaining crash rate of whole signal chains.
2. the method for the maximum remaining crash rate for determining signal chains in automotive safety integrity level assessment according to claim 1, described signal chains comprises the electronic control unit of sensor and sensor-lodging, wherein, the failure mode of described sensor and corresponding crash rate unknown.
3. the method for the maximum remaining crash rate for determining signal chains in automotive safety integrity level assessment according to claim 1, wherein, using the metering crash rate of element of each failure mode and corresponding crash rate the unknown and the product of the unidentified rate of maximum diagnosis as the security-related maximum remaining crash rate of this element, and the unidentified rate of maximum diagnosis is integer 1 and the difference of the obtained aforementioned Diagnosis with Minimum Cost discrimination relevant with this element.
4. the method for the maximum remaining crash rate for determining signal chains in automotive safety integrity level assessment according to claim 2, wherein, described electronic control unit is electric brake system.
5. the method for the maximum remaining crash rate for determining signal chains in automotive safety integrity level assessment according to claim 4, wherein, described sensor is wheel speed sensors, steering wheel angle sensor and/or vacuum sensor, and described electric brake system is electronic stability controlling system.
6. the method for the maximum remaining crash rate for determining signal chains in automotive safety integrity level assessment according to claim 4, wherein, described sensor is wheel speed sensors, and described electric brake system is anti-lock braking system.
7. the method for maximum remaining crash rate for determining signal chains in automotive safety integrity level assessment according to claim 1, the security-related remaining crash rate of all the other elements is calculated by following manner and obtains:
To each element in all the other elements described, obtain it and often plant crash rate under failure mode and diagnosis and distinguish rate, using the diagnosis unidentified rate of the difference of integer 1 and discrimination as this element, using the remaining crash rate of the product of the crash rate under often kind of failure mode and the unidentified rate of diagnosis as this failure mode;
Remaining crash rate under often kind of failure mode of each element is sued for peace, obtains the remaining crash rate that this element is security-related.
8. the method for maximum remaining crash rate for determining signal chains in automotive safety integrity level assessment according to claim 1, wherein, described PPM value is the failed part amount of this element every year in every 1,000,000, and described metering crash rate is
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101694182A (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2010-04-14 | 上海中科清洁能源技术发展中心 | On-line failure diagnosis, prediction and feedback control method of small/medium size gas turbine and device thereof |
| CN101823482A (en) * | 2010-05-28 | 2010-09-08 | 冯兵 | Diagnosis system for vehicle braking system and diagnosis method |
| CN103649470A (en) * | 2011-05-05 | 2014-03-19 | 西门子能量股份有限公司 | Method for predicting a remaining useful life of an engine and components thereof |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101694182A (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2010-04-14 | 上海中科清洁能源技术发展中心 | On-line failure diagnosis, prediction and feedback control method of small/medium size gas turbine and device thereof |
| CN101823482A (en) * | 2010-05-28 | 2010-09-08 | 冯兵 | Diagnosis system for vehicle braking system and diagnosis method |
| CN103649470A (en) * | 2011-05-05 | 2014-03-19 | 西门子能量股份有限公司 | Method for predicting a remaining useful life of an engine and components thereof |
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