CN103743296B - Ice breaking device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an ice-breaking device, which is suitable for artificial ice-breaking after a large area of water freezes, which includes a delivery system, a throwing system and an ice-breaking element system, wherein the delivery system includes a rocket engine and a water-moving carrier body, and the throwing system includes a delay tube and dispensing agents, the ice-breaking element system is a separate projectile body, which is symmetrically embedded on both sides of the carrier shell of the water-moving carrier body. The delivery system can move in the water under the ice so as to stay away from the initial operating area. The ice-breaking element system is thrown in a direction parallel to the ice surface under the action of the ice-breaking element system and blasted to break the ice. The ice-breaking element system generates thrust through its own structure and moves randomly in the water and blasts to increase the ice-breaking area. The invention adopts the principle of shrapnel throwing, away from the initial operation area, simple and easy to operate, high in safety, large in breaking area, remarkable in ice breaking effect, less in environmental pollution, and lower in production difficulty and cost.

Description

an ice breaking device

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of ice-breaking device design, and in particular relates to an ice-breaking device suitable for artificial ice-breaking after large-area water surface freezes.

Background technique

Due to the expansion of my country's territory, the temperature difference between the north and the south is relatively large. Especially in the winter in the north, the gradient of the temperature difference between day and night is huge, so that the water surface of the big rivers and rivers flowing through here will freeze. With the increase of freezing, the water flow in the riverbed will be affected The blocking effect is generated, so that the river section where the freezing occurs forms a frozen dammed lake phenomenon. When the temperature becomes high, the accumulated water flow after the freezing is lifted instantly will cause disastrous consequences to the downstream. Therefore, many technicians are trying to find a method with reliable performance, high safety, low price, and high ice-breaking efficiency, and strive to prevent the formation of frozen barrier lakes by artificial ice-breaking in the early stage. There are three most widely used methods: After artificially laying explosives at fixed points on the ice surface, the relevant detonation circuit is used to carry out network blasting to break the ice. The disadvantage is that the rate of explosives deployment on the artificial ice surface is low. In order to fix the explosives, they are basically in the ice layer and the explosives explode. The energy generated in the end does not fully act on the ice layer, and the broken ice cubes generated at the same time splash around at a high speed, which is prone to safety accidents; Relying on helicopters to drop blasting bombs for ice breaking has the disadvantages of high cost, difficulty in launching, low accuracy of launching, and also easy to produce fragments, which pose a threat to the surrounding environment and the safety of personnel; The disadvantages of icebreaking by professionals using mortars to throw blasting mortars are the generation of fragments, the utilization efficiency of explosive detonation energy is low, and the operators require special training.

In order to overcome the disadvantages of the above-mentioned technologies, the present invention provides a new type of ice breaking device with larger blasting area and safer use.

Contents of the invention

The invention provides a new type of ice-breaking device, which adopts the principle of throwing submunitions, has large breaking area, high safety, simple structure and easy operation.

The technical solution provided by the present invention is: an ice-breaking device, including a carrier system, a throwing system and an ice-breaking element system, wherein the carrier system includes a rocket engine and an underwater mobile carrier body, and the underwater mobile carrier body includes a carrier shell, and a carrier shell The front end of the hood is provided with a hood, the front end of the hood is provided with a top cover, the rear end of the shell of the mother bomb is provided with a balance tail device, the shell of the mother bomb is provided with a linear energy-concentrating cutter and the parent bomb detonating device arranged at both ends of the linear energy-concentrating cutter The powder column and the rocket motor are set inside the balance tail device; the dispensing system includes a delay tube and a dispensing agent. The delay tube is connected, the delay tube is connected to the combustion chamber of the rocket engine, and the spraying agent is also connected to one end of the primary explosive column of the mother bomb; the ice breaking element system is a separate projectile body, which is symmetrically embedded on both sides of the mother projectile shell of the water-moving mother projectile body , the projectile body includes a bullet shell and a rear end cover, an electric detonator is provided at the rear end cover inside the projectile body, an opening is provided in the center of the electric detonator, and a bullet detonating charge column filled with black powder is provided at the front end of the electric detonator , the rest of the bullet body is filled with energetic materials, the electric detonator is connected to the conductive copper pillars evenly distributed on the periphery of the bullet shell, and the two conductive copper pillars at the same position are connected to the positive and negative poles of the electric detonator power supply, There is also a prefabricated blind hole on the rear end cover; the delivery system can move in the water under the ice so as to stay away from the initial operation area, and after reaching the designated area, under the action of the throwing system, the ice breaking system will be thrown along the direction parallel to the ice surface and the ice breaking will be detonated , the ice-breaking element system generates thrust through its own structure to move randomly in the water and blast to increase the ice-breaking area.

The rocket engine is the power mechanism of the delivery system, which is composed of a combustion chamber, a propellant bowl, a propellant, an ignition powder bag, a sealing cover, an ignition head, and a tail nozzle; the combustion chamber and the tail nozzle are connected by threads, and the propellant sticks Connected to the propellant bowl, the propellant bowl is placed on the top of the combustion chamber, and the combustion chamber is connected and fixed with the shell of the carrier projectile moving in water, the sealing cover is placed at the throat of the tail nozzle, and the ignition head is placed in the ignition charge , The lead wire of the ignition head is led out from the center of the sealing cover.

There are 6 ice-breaking element systems in total, 3 on each side.

The manufacturing materials of the described mother shell shell and the bullet shell are all nylon 101.

The energetic material filled in the bullet body is conventional TNT explosive.

A total of 12 conductive copper pillars are provided.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

(1) The present invention moves away from the initial operating area in the water through the rocket boosting method, and detonates and breaks the ice after reaching the designated area, which eliminates potential safety hazards and has high safety; at the same time, the present invention relies on the pressure stamping design of the rocket engine and the length of the extension tube Setting and controlling the movement distance of the present invention in water can effectively break ice at a designated location with high ice breaking precision;

(2) The present invention adopts the principle of submunition throwing, and throws the sub-munition type ice-breaking element system under the ice layer. At the same time, the moving parent projectile in the water detonates and breaks the ice. In addition, the sub-munition type ice-breaking element detonates randomly in the water to increase the ice-breaking area, so as to achieve a large area. The purpose of breaking ice in the area;

(3) The present invention relies on the incompressibility of flowing water under the ice layer and the characteristics of enhancing the explosive energy to detonate and break the ice under the ice layer. The energy generated after the explosion completely acts on the ice layer. High efficiency and remarkable ice-breaking effect;

(4) The invention has a simple structure and does not require maintenance by professionals; it is simple to operate and does not require special launch devices and dedicated personnel to operate and launch, and does not require high professional requirements for operators;

(5) The invention detonates under the ice surface, and produces less broken ice, which will not affect the surrounding environment and personnel; the invention adopts the delayed self-detonation technology, so there is no safety problem of cleaning up unexploded bombs;

(6) The present invention uses a non-metallic material with low price and wide sources to make the shell shell and bullet shell, which reduces the difficulty and cost of production.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall shape structure of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is A-A direction view among Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the B-B direction view among Fig. 2;

Figure 4 is an enlarged view at C in Figure 2;

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the neutron projectile of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. Combustion chamber, 2. Propellant bowl, 3. Propellant, 4. Ignition charge, 5. Sealing cover, 6. Ignition head, 7. Exhaust nozzle, 8. Top cover, 9. Hood . 18. Energetic material, 19. Bullet priming powder column, 20. Black powder, 21. Rear end cover, 22. Prefabricated blind hole, 23. Conductive copper column, 24. Electric detonator.

Detailed ways

The specific implementation manners of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figure 1, the ice-breaking device provided by the present invention includes a carrier system, a throwing system and an ice-breaking element system, wherein the carrier system includes a rocket engine and an underwater mobile carrier body, and the underwater mobile carrier body includes a carrier shell, and the carrier shell The front end of the hood is provided with a hood, the front end of the hood is provided with a top cover, the rear end of the mother bomb shell is provided with a balanced tail device, and the rocket engine is arranged inside the balanced tail device; The projectile body is embedded in both sides of the shell shell of the water-moving projectile body.

As shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, a linear energy-concentrating cutter and an explosive column of the parent projectile arranged at both ends of the linear energy-concentrating cutter are arranged in the shell of the parent projectile, and the rocket engine is the power mechanism of the delivery system. Combustion chamber, propellant bowl, propellant, ignition powder package, sealing cover, ignition head, tail nozzle, combustion chamber and tail nozzle are connected by threads, propellant is bonded in the propellant bowl, and the propellant bowl is placed on The top of the combustion chamber is fixed by the connection between the combustion chamber and the shell of the carrier projectile moving in water, the sealing cover is placed at the throat of the tail nozzle, the ignition head is placed in the ignition charge, and the lead wire of the ignition head is drawn out from the center of the sealing cover; the throwing system It includes a delay tube and a dispensing agent. The dispensing agent is set at the center of the shell of the mother bomb. One end of the dispensing agent extends into the hood to contact the top cover, and the other end is connected to the delay tube. The delay tube is connected to the combustion chamber of the rocket engine. The spraying agent is also connected to one end of the primary explosive column of the mother projectile; the ice breaking element system is a separate projectile body, with a total of 6 sets, 3 on each side, symmetrically embedded on both sides of the mother projectile shell of the water-moving mother projectile body.

As shown in Figure 5, the projectile body includes a bullet casing and a rear end cover. An electric detonator is provided at the rear end cover inside the projectile body. There is an opening in the center of the electric detonator. The front end of the electric detonator is provided with black powder. The black powder is connected to the bullet priming powder column, and the rest of the bullet body is filled with energetic material. The energetic material is a conventional TNT explosive. The two conductive copper pillars at the center are connected to the positive and negative poles of the power supply of the electric detonator, and there is also a prefabricated blind hole on the rear end cover.

In the present invention, the materials for the mother shell casing and the bullet casing are both nylon 101, which is a non-metallic material with low price and wide sources, which reduces the difficulty and cost of production.

In the present invention, all parts except all charges and detonating devices are connected by threads, and its structural size and charge are determined according to the ice-breaking area and the thickness of the ice layer. The ice breaking capacity is calculated by the charge overpressure of the projectile body.

The specific ice-breaking process of the present invention is as follows: Utilize the conventional ice drill to drill through the ice surface to form a hole slightly larger than the maximum cross-section of the ice-breaking device of the present invention, put the device from the hole, and the device floats on the water surface with its own structural characteristics Between the ice surface, the upper surface of the carrier shell of the carrier projectile moving in the water is flush with the water surface under the ice layer; the rocket engine of the device is ignited, and under the thrust provided by the rocket engine, the device moves rapidly in the water under the ice surface. At the same time, the propellant of the rocket engine ignites the delay tube during the combustion process of the combustion chamber; after the device is hundreds of meters away from the initial entrance area, the delay tube ignites the spraying agent, and the burning of the spraying chemical releases a large amount of high-pressure gas extending parallel to the ice surface The ice-breaking element system is thrown out in the direction of the projectile, and at the same time, the agent is thrown to ignite the mother bomb priming column of the moving mother bomb in the water. The detonation wave of the energy-concentrating cutter double-breaks the ice surface; in the sub-munition type ice-breaking element system, the electric detonator is connected with 12 conductive copper columns evenly distributed on the periphery of the bullet shell, and the two conductive copper columns at the same position The copper column is connected to the positive and negative poles of the power supply of the electric detonator. After being thrown into the water, the sub-ammunition icebreaker system conducts itself through the water medium to promote the electric detonator of the black powder. The high voltage generated during the burning of the black powder After the gas shears the prefabricated blind hole at the end cover, a high-pressure gas nozzle is formed, which drives the submunition ice-breaking element system to move randomly in the water, and at the same time, the black powder ignites the bullet priming charge, which detonates the energetic material in the bullet body. The energetic material forms an explosion shock wave at the junction of the water and the ice layer and then breaks the ice surface, further increasing the ice breaking area.

The above-mentioned embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiment, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the essence and principle of the present invention should be All equivalent replacement methods are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A kind of ice-breaking device, it is characterized in that: comprise carrier system, throwing system and ice-breaking element system, wherein carrier system comprises rocket motor and water mobile carrier body, water carrier body comprises carrier shell, the front end of carrier shell There is a hood, the front end of the hood is provided with a top cover, the rear end of the shell of the mother bomb is provided with a balance tail device, and the shell of the mother shell is provided with a linear energy-shaping cutter and the explosive columns of the mother bomb arranged at both ends of the linear energy-shaping cutter , the rocket motor is set inside the balance tail device; the dispensing system includes a delay tube and a dispensing agent. connection, the extension tube is connected with the combustion chamber of the rocket engine, and the spraying agent is also connected with one end of the primary explosive column of the parent bomb; The body includes a bullet shell and a rear end cover. An electric detonator is provided at the rear end cover inside the bullet body. There is an opening in the center of the electric detonator. The front end of the electric detonator is provided with black powder, which is connected to the bullet detonating column , the rest of the bullet body is filled with energetic materials, the electric detonator is connected to the conductive copper pillars evenly distributed on the periphery of the bullet shell, and the two conductive copper pillars at the same position are connected to the positive and negative poles of the electric detonator power supply, There is also a prefabricated blind hole on the rear end cover; the delivery system can move in the water under the ice so as to stay away from the initial operation area, and after reaching the designated area, under the action of the throwing system, the ice breaking system will be thrown along the direction parallel to the ice surface and the ice breaking will be detonated , the ice-breaking element system generates thrust through its own structure to move randomly in the water and blast to increase the ice-breaking area. 2. The ice breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rocket engine is a power mechanism of the carrier system, which is composed of a combustion chamber, a propellant bowl, a propellant, an ignition charge, a sealing cover, a fuse head, and a tail spray The combustion chamber is connected with the tail nozzle by threads, the propellant is bonded in the propellant bowl, and the propellant bowl is placed on the top of the combustion chamber, and the combustion chamber is connected and fixed with the shell of the carrier projectile moving in water, and the sealing cover It is placed in the throat of the tail nozzle, the ignition head is placed in the ignition powder bag, and the lead wire of the ignition head is drawn out from the center of the sealing cover. 3. The ice-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that there are 6 ice-breaking element systems in total, 3 on each side. 4 . The ice breaking device according to claim 1 , characterized in that: the material for making the mother bomb casing and the bullet casing is both nylon 101. 5 . 5. The ice breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the energetic material filled in the bullet body is a conventional TNT explosive. 6. The ice breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that there are 12 conductive copper columns in total.