CN103736811B - Adopt the method axially not waiting the wall thickness variable diameters pipe fittings such as wall thickness pipe shaping - Google Patents
Adopt the method axially not waiting the wall thickness variable diameters pipe fittings such as wall thickness pipe shaping Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
采用轴向不等壁厚管坯成形等壁厚变直径管件的方法，它涉及一种采用轴向不等壁厚管坯通过胀形法成形变直径管的方法，本发明为了解决现有采用等壁厚管坯制备变直径管件时，容易出现局部增厚或者起皱，且直径越大的区域壁厚越小的问题。方法：步骤一：根据待成形的等壁厚变直径管的形状，通过计算选择所需的轴向不等壁厚管坯；步骤二：将轴向不等壁厚管放入上模具和下模具中后，闭合上模具和下模具；步骤三：密封轴向不等壁厚管坯一端，从另一端向不等壁厚管坯内部通入压力介质以使轴向不等壁厚管坯发生胀形形变。本发明用于胀形法生产等壁厚变直径管件。
A method for forming pipe fittings of equal wall thickness and variable diameter by using axially unequal wall thickness pipe blanks, which relates to a method for forming variable diameter pipes by using axially unequal wall thickness pipe blanks through the bulging method. When producing variable-diameter pipe fittings from constant-wall-thickness pipe blanks, it is prone to local thickening or wrinkling, and the wall thickness is smaller in areas with larger diameters. Method: Step 1: According to the shape of the tube with equal wall thickness and variable diameter to be formed, select the required axial unequal wall thickness tube blank through calculation; Step 2: Put the axial unequal wall thickness tube into the upper mold and the lower After being in the mold, close the upper mold and the lower mold; step 3: seal one end of the axial unequal wall thickness tube blank, and pass the pressure medium into the unequal wall thickness tube blank from the other end to make the axial unequal wall thickness tube blank Bulging deformation occurs. The invention is used for producing pipe fittings with equal wall thickness and variable diameter by bulging method.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种成形等壁厚变直径管件的方法，具体涉及一种采用轴向不等壁厚管坯成形等壁厚变直径管件的方法。The invention relates to a method for forming pipe fittings with equal wall thickness and variable diameter, in particular to a method for forming pipe fittings with equal wall thickness and variable diameter by using axial unequal wall thickness pipe blanks.
背景技术Background technique
在航空、航天和汽车工业等领域，减轻结构质量以节约运行中的能量是人们长期追求的目标，也是现代先进制造技术发展的趋势之一。为了合理分配和承担载荷如扭矩、转矩和弯矩，同时为了优化结构、减轻零件质量，常采用中部为空心、沿长度方向各处直径不同的管状零件，这种零件简称变直径管。对于作为结构件使用的变直径管，一般要求其各处的壁厚相等。对于使用时承受内压作用的变直径管，则往往在直径较大的位置要求具有更大的壁厚。这是因为，管件在内压作用下将产生环向应力σθ，其可简单计算为σθ=pd/2t，其中p,d,t分别为内压、管件相应部位的直径和壁厚。在直径d较大的位置，只有壁厚t也相应较大，才能使管件长度方向上各处的环向应力σθ近似相等。否则，各处的环向应力σθ将不等，导致σθ较大的区域先发生塑性变形而产生破坏。In the fields of aviation, aerospace and automobile industry, reducing structural mass to save energy during operation is a long-term goal pursued by people, and it is also one of the trends in the development of modern advanced manufacturing technology. In order to reasonably distribute and bear loads such as torque, torque and bending moment, and to optimize the structure and reduce the quality of parts, tubular parts with a hollow middle and different diameters along the length direction are often used. Such parts are referred to as variable diameter tubes. For variable diameter pipes used as structural parts, it is generally required to have equal wall thickness everywhere. For variable-diameter pipes that are subjected to internal pressure during use, larger wall thicknesses are often required at positions with larger diameters. This is because the pipe fittings will generate hoop stress σ θ under the action of internal pressure, which can be simply calculated as σ θ =pd/2t, where p, d, and t are the internal pressure, the diameter and wall thickness of the corresponding parts of the pipe fittings, respectively. At the position where the diameter d is larger, only when the wall thickness t is correspondingly larger can the hoop stress σ θ everywhere in the length direction of the pipe be approximately equal. Otherwise, the hoop stress σ θ will be unequal everywhere, causing the area with larger σ θ to undergo plastic deformation first and be damaged.
目前，在成形变直径管时一般都采用轴向壁厚相等的原始管坯。此时，在直径变化大的位置，壁厚减薄将更严重，所以最终的变直径管的壁厚分布特点是：直径越大的位置，壁厚越薄。这种壁厚分布对于需要承受内压的使用条件，是非常不理想的。虽然可以采用在胀形时向直径变化大的区域补料的方式来减缓该区域的减薄，但是仍然无法改变直径越大的区域壁厚越小的问题。同时，这种解决方法需要准确控制内压和轴向补料量的匹配关系，否则容易出现局部增厚或者起皱的问题。At present, the original tube blank with equal axial wall thickness is generally used when forming variable diameter tubes. At this time, the thinning of the wall thickness will be more serious at the position where the diameter changes greatly, so the wall thickness distribution characteristic of the final variable diameter tube is: the position with the larger diameter, the thinner the wall thickness. This kind of wall thickness distribution is very unsatisfactory for the use conditions that need to withstand internal pressure. Although the thinning of the area can be slowed down by adding material to the area with a large diameter change during bulging, it still cannot change the problem that the wall thickness of the area with a larger diameter is smaller. At the same time, this solution needs to accurately control the matching relationship between the internal pressure and the amount of axial feeding, otherwise the problem of local thickening or wrinkling will easily occur.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是为了解决现有采用等壁厚管坯制备变直径管件时，容易出现局部增厚或者起皱，且直径越大的区域壁厚越小的问题，进而提供一种采用轴向不等壁厚管坯成形等壁厚变直径管件的方法。The purpose of the present invention is to solve the existing problem that when using equal-wall thickness pipe blanks to prepare variable-diameter pipe fittings, local thickening or wrinkling is easy to occur, and the wall thickness is smaller in areas with larger diameters. A method for forming pipe fittings with equal wall thickness and variable diameter from pipe blanks with different wall thicknesses.
本发明的技术方案是：一种采用轴向不等壁厚管坯成形等壁厚变直径管件的方法，所述方法的具体步骤为：The technical solution of the present invention is: a method for forming pipe fittings with equal wall thickness and variable diameter by using axial unequal wall thickness tube blanks, the specific steps of the method are:
步骤一：根据待成形的等壁厚变直径管2的形状，通过计算选择所需的轴向不等壁厚管坯1；Step 1: According to the shape of the equal-wall-thickness variable-diameter tube 2 to be formed, the required axial unequal-wall-thickness tube blank 1 is selected through calculation;
步骤二：将轴向不等壁厚管坯1放入上模具4和下模具5中后，闭合上模具4和下模具5；Step 2: After putting the tube blank 1 with axially unequal wall thickness into the upper mold 4 and the lower mold 5, close the upper mold 4 and the lower mold 5;
步骤三：密封轴向不等壁厚管坯1一端，从另一端向不等壁厚管坯1内部通入压力介质以使轴向不等壁厚管坯1发生胀形形变，直至不等壁厚管坯1的外壁分别与上模具4和下模具5相贴合，即得到所需的等壁厚变直径管件2。Step 3: Seal one end of the tube blank 1 with unequal wall thickness in the axial direction, and pass a pressure medium into the tube blank 1 with unequal wall thickness from the other end to cause bulging deformation of the tube blank 1 with unequal wall thickness in the axial direction, until the tube blank 1 with unequal wall thickness The outer wall of the wall-thickness pipe blank 1 is fitted to the upper mold 4 and the lower mold 5 respectively, so as to obtain the required equal-wall-thickness variable-diameter pipe fitting 2 .
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
一、本发明利用轴向不等壁厚管坯来成形壁厚合理分布的等壁厚变直径管，成形后得到的等壁厚变直径管件的壁厚分布由轴向不等壁厚管坯的壁厚和胀形率决定，在成形时不需要进行轴向补料即可有效控制成形后的等壁厚变直径管件的轴向壁厚分布，方法简单易行；1. The present invention utilizes axial unequal wall thickness pipe blanks to form equal wall thickness variable diameter pipes with reasonable wall thickness distribution. Determined by the wall thickness and bulging rate, the axial wall thickness distribution of the formed equal-wall-thickness variable-diameter pipe fittings can be effectively controlled without axial feeding during forming, and the method is simple and easy;
二、利用轴向不等壁厚的管坯来成形等壁厚变直径管，理论上可以获得沿轴向具有任意壁厚分布特征的变直径管，解决了传统的变直径管在直径较大的区域因胀形量较大而壁厚相应较薄的缺点；2. Using tube blanks with unequal wall thickness in the axial direction to form equal-wall-thick variable-diameter tubes can theoretically obtain variable-diameter tubes with arbitrary wall thickness distribution characteristics along the axial direction, which solves the problem of traditional variable-diameter tubes with large diameters. Due to the large amount of bulging, the wall thickness is correspondingly thinner;
三、利用轴向不等壁厚的管坯来成形等壁厚变直径管，能够节省原材料，在保证强度的前提下还能够减轻质量。3. Utilizing tube blanks with unequal wall thickness in the axial direction to form tubes with equal wall thickness and variable diameter can save raw materials and reduce quality under the premise of ensuring strength.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明实施例5中一种等壁厚变直径管件的结构图；图2是本发明实施例5中另一种变直径管的结构图；图3是轴向不等壁厚管坯放入上模具和下模具中模具未闭合时的示意图；图4是轴向不等壁厚管坯放入上模具和下模具中模具闭合后示意图；图5是轴向不等壁厚管坯放入上模具和下模具中制备完成后的示意图；图6是本发明实施例1中轴向不等壁厚管坯结构示意图；图7是本发明实施例1中轴向不等壁厚管坯结构示意图；图8是本发明实施例1中轴向不等壁厚管坯结构示意图；图9是轴向不等壁厚管坯放入上模具和下模具中模具未闭合时的示意图；图10是本发明实施例1中轴向不等壁厚管坯结构示意图；图11是本发明实施例1中轴向不等壁厚管坯结构示意图；图12是本发明实施例1中轴向不等壁厚管坯结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a pipe with equal wall thickness and variable diameter in Embodiment 5 of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of another variable diameter pipe in Embodiment 5 of the present invention; Fig. 3 is a pipe with unequal wall thickness in the axial direction The schematic diagram when the billet is put into the upper mold and the lower mold and the mold is not closed; Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the axially unequal wall thickness tube billet being put into the upper mold and the lower mold after the mold is closed; Fig. 5 is the axial unequal wall thickness pipe The schematic diagram of the billet after being put into the upper mold and the lower mold after preparation; Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pipe blank with axially unequal wall thickness in Example 1 of the present invention; Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the axially unequal wall thickness in Example 1 of the present invention Schematic diagram of the structure of the tube blank; Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tube blank with the axial unequal wall thickness in Example 1 of the present invention; Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the tube blank with the axial unequal wall thickness put into the upper mold and the lower mold when the mold is not closed ; Figure 10 is a schematic structural view of the axial unequal wall thickness tube blank in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 11 is a schematic structural view of the axial unequal wall thickness tube blank in Example 1 of the present invention; Schematic diagram of the structure of the tube blank with unequal wall thickness in the axial direction.
具体实施方式detailed description
具体实施方式一：结合图1至12说明本实施方式，本实施方式包括一种采用轴向不等壁厚管坯成形等壁厚变直径管件的方法，具体步骤为：Specific implementation mode 1: This implementation mode is described in conjunction with Figures 1 to 12. This implementation mode includes a method for forming pipe fittings with equal wall thickness and variable diameter by using axially unequal wall thickness tube blanks. The specific steps are:
步骤一：根据待成形的等壁厚变直径管2的形状，通过计算选择所需的轴向不等壁厚管坯1；Step 1: According to the shape of the equal-wall-thickness variable-diameter tube 2 to be formed, the required axial unequal-wall-thickness tube blank 1 is selected through calculation;
步骤二：将轴向不等壁厚管坯1放入上模具4和下模具5中后，闭合上模具4和下模具5；Step 2: After putting the tube blank 1 with axially unequal wall thickness into the upper mold 4 and the lower mold 5, close the upper mold 4 and the lower mold 5;
步骤三：密封轴向不等壁厚管坯1一端，从另一端向不等壁厚管坯1内部通入压力介质以使轴向不等壁厚管坯1发生胀形形变，直至不等壁厚管坯1的外壁分别与上模具4和下模具5相贴合，即得到所需的等壁厚变直径管件2。Step 3: Seal one end of the tube blank 1 with unequal wall thickness in the axial direction, and pass a pressure medium into the tube blank 1 with unequal wall thickness from the other end to cause bulging deformation of the tube blank 1 with unequal wall thickness in the axial direction, until the tube blank 1 with unequal wall thickness The outer wall of the wall-thickness pipe blank 1 is fitted to the upper mold 4 and the lower mold 5 respectively, so as to obtain the required equal-wall-thickness variable-diameter pipe fitting 2 .
参照图7、图8、图11和图12轴向不等壁厚管坯，轴向不等壁厚管坯1的内腔为圆柱形、外壁圆周面上设有一处或多处外凸。参照图6和图10，轴向不等壁厚管坯1的外壁还可以为圆柱形、内腔圆周面上设有一处或多处外凸。Referring to Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 11 and Fig. 12, the inner cavity of the axially unequal wall thickness pipe blank 1 is cylindrical, and one or more protrusions are provided on the peripheral surface of the outer wall. Referring to Fig. 6 and Fig. 10, the outer wall of the tube blank 1 with unequal wall thickness in the axial direction can also be cylindrical, and one or more protrusions are provided on the inner cavity circumferential surface.
具体实施方式二：结合图1说明本实施方式，所述步骤一中，计算所述轴向壁厚分布的公式为：t0=λ·df·tf/d0，其中，t0为成形前的轴向不等壁厚管坯1的壁厚，λ为大于1的修正系数，取值范围为1.1～1.3，d0为成形前的轴向不等壁厚管坯1的直径，df为成形后的等壁厚变直径管件2的直径，tf为成形后的等壁厚变直径管件2的壁厚。其它组成和连接关系与具体实施方式一相同。Specific Embodiment 2: This embodiment is described in conjunction with FIG. 1. In the first step, the formula for calculating the axial wall thickness distribution is: t 0 =λ·d f ·t f /d 0 , where t 0 is The wall thickness of the axial unequal wall thickness tube blank 1 before forming, λ is a correction coefficient greater than 1, and the value range is 1.1 to 1.3, d 0 is the diameter of the axial unequal wall thickness tube blank 1 before forming, d f is the diameter of the formed equal-wall-thickness variable-diameter pipe fitting 2 , and t f is the wall thickness of the formed equal-wall-thickness variable-diameter pipe fitting 2 . Other compositions and connections are the same as in the first embodiment.
确定轴向不等壁厚管坯1的轴向壁厚分布可以遵循不同的计算原则，最为常用且简单的方法，是假设变形前后轴向不等壁厚管坯1的轴向某一部位材料的体积保持不变。假设轴向不等壁厚管坯1和成形后的等壁厚变直径管件2上同一位置的直径和壁厚分别可记为d0,t0，df,tf，则有：The determination of the axial wall thickness distribution of the axial unequal wall thickness tube blank 1 can follow different calculation principles. The most common and simple method is to assume that the material of a certain axial part of the axial unequal wall thickness tube blank 1 before and after deformation volume remains unchanged. Assuming that the diameter and wall thickness at the same position on the axial unequal wall thickness tube blank 1 and the formed equal wall thickness variable diameter pipe fitting 2 can be recorded as d 0 , t 0 , d f , t f , then:
π·d0·t0·△l=π·df·tf·△l（1）π·d 0 t 0 △l=π·d f t f △l (1)
式中：△l为沿管材轴向的单位长度。In the formula: △l is the unit length along the pipe axis.
化简式（1），可得：Simplifying formula (1), we can get:
t0=df·tf/d0（2）t 0 =d f ·t f /d 0 (2)
以变直径管件2各处的壁厚tf处处相等为例，从式（2）可以看出，在等壁厚变直径管件2上直径df较大的区域，所需要的原始壁厚t0也较大。对于等壁厚变直径管件2各处的壁厚是其他分布规律的情况，同样可由式（2）计算得到轴向不等壁厚管坯1的壁厚分布。Taking the wall thickness t f of variable-diameter pipe fitting 2 as an example, it can be seen from formula (2) that in the area of larger diameter d f on the constant-wall-thickness variable-diameter pipe fitting 2, the required original wall thickness t 0 is also larger. For the case where the wall thicknesses of the constant-wall-thickness variable-diameter pipe fittings 2 have other distribution rules, the wall thickness distribution of the axially unequal-wall-thickness pipe blank 1 can also be calculated by formula (2).
若考虑胀形过程中，管坯上各处的变形互相影响、变形不均匀的情况，可适当增加胀形量较大位置的初始壁厚t0，即：If considering the mutual influence of the deformations on the tube blank and the uneven deformation during the bulging process, the initial wall thickness t 0 at the position with a large amount of bulging can be appropriately increased, namely:
t0=λ·df·tf/d0（3）。t 0 =λ·d f ·t f /d 0 (3).
其它组成和连接关系与具体实施方式二相同。Other compositions and connections are the same as those in the second embodiment.
具体实施方式三：结合图1说明本实施方式，本实施方式中，所述压力介质为气体、油、纯水或乳化液。其它组成和连接关系与具体实施方式二相同。Embodiment 3: This embodiment is described with reference to FIG. 1 . In this embodiment, the pressure medium is gas, oil, pure water or emulsion. Other compositions and connections are the same as those in the second embodiment.
具体实施方式四：结合图1说明本实施方式，本实施方式中，所述压力介质的压力范围是15～60MPa。其它组成和连接关系与具体实施方式三相同。Specific Embodiment 4: This embodiment is described with reference to FIG. 1 . In this embodiment, the pressure range of the pressure medium is 15-60 MPa. Other compositions and connections are the same as those in the third embodiment.
具体实施方式五：结合图1说明本实施方式，本实施方式中，所述等壁厚变直径管件沿轴向方向有一处或多处外凸。其它组成和连接关系与具体实施方式四相同。Embodiment 5: This embodiment is described with reference to FIG. 1 . In this embodiment, the equal-wall-thickness variable-diameter pipe has one or more protrusions along the axial direction. Other compositions and connections are the same as in Embodiment 4.
本发明利用轴向不等壁厚管坯来成形壁厚合理分布的变直径管，成形后得到的等壁厚变直径管件的壁厚分布由轴向不等壁厚管坯的壁厚和胀形率决定，在成形时不需要进行轴向补料即可有效控制成形后的等壁厚变直径管件的轴向壁厚分布，方法简单易行。利用轴向不等壁厚的管坯来成形变直径管，理论上可以获得沿轴向具有任意壁厚分布特征的变直径管，解决了传统的变直径管在直径较大的区域因胀形量较大而壁厚相应较薄的缺点。利用轴向不等壁厚的管坯来成形变直径管，能够节省原材料，提高材料的利用，在保证强度的前提下减轻了质量。In the present invention, the pipe blanks with unequal wall thickness in the axial direction are used to form variable-diameter pipes with reasonable distribution of wall thickness. The shape rate is determined, and the axial wall thickness distribution of the equal-wall thickness and variable-diameter pipe fittings after forming can be effectively controlled without axial feeding during forming. The method is simple and easy. Using tube blanks with unequal wall thickness in the axial direction to form variable-diameter tubes can theoretically obtain variable-diameter tubes with arbitrary wall thickness distribution characteristics along the axial direction, which solves the problem of bulging of traditional variable-diameter tubes in areas with large diameters. The disadvantage of large quantity and relatively thin wall thickness. Using the pipe blanks with unequal wall thickness in the axial direction to form the deformed diameter pipe can save raw materials, improve the utilization of materials, and reduce the quality under the premise of ensuring strength.
上述内容仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并非用于限制本发明的实施方案，本领域普通技术人员根据本发明的主要构思和精神，可以十分方便地进行相应的变通或修改，故本发明的保护范围应以权利要求书所要求的保护范围为准。The above content is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art can easily make corresponding modifications or modifications according to the main concept and spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention The scope of protection should be subject to the scope of protection required by the claims.
Claims (4)
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| CN106311857B (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2017-11-07 | 青岛世冠装备科技有限公司 | A kind of swollen manufacturing process of complex section hollow member low pressure upsetting |
| CN106216481B (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2018-01-26 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Expansion-compression composite forming method for pipe fittings with large cross-section and different cross-section |
| CN108655249A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2018-10-16 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of hydraulic expanding-forming pipe and its manufacturing process that local wall thickness thickens |
| CN108194545A (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2018-06-22 | 长安大学 | A kind of gradient width cutting buffering energy-absorbing element and preparation method thereof |
| CN113600732B (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2023-04-07 | 初冠南 | Die for shortening local circumference of tube blank and using method thereof |
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| US5992197A (en) * | 1997-03-28 | 1999-11-30 | The Budd Company | Forming technique using discrete heating zones |
| CN101376146A (en) * | 2008-10-10 | 2009-03-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Shape-expanding method of butt welding tube |
| JP4628217B2 (en) * | 2005-08-18 | 2011-02-09 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Bulge forming method and its mold |
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| JPS5253760A (en) * | 1975-10-28 | 1977-04-30 | Kouichi Fujii | Method of making metal bat |
| WO2001088384A1 (en) * | 2000-05-12 | 2001-11-22 | Ptc Alliance, Inc. | Tube blanks for hydroforming |
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| JP4944322B2 (en) * | 2001-09-26 | 2012-05-30 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Method for manufacturing hollow member |
| JP2004351514A (en) * | 2003-05-30 | 2004-12-16 | Japan Aircraft Mfg Co Ltd | Combined sheets of plastic formable sheet and ultra-plastic formable sheet, combined tubes of tubular plastic formable sheet and ultra-plastic formable sheet, and formed body made of these combined sheet and combined tube |
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| US5992197A (en) * | 1997-03-28 | 1999-11-30 | The Budd Company | Forming technique using discrete heating zones |
| JP4628217B2 (en) * | 2005-08-18 | 2011-02-09 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Bulge forming method and its mold |
| CN101376146A (en) * | 2008-10-10 | 2009-03-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Shape-expanding method of butt welding tube |
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