CN103733223A - Method and system for determining defect of surface of model of object - Google Patents

Method and system for determining defect of surface of model of object Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103733223A
CN103733223A CN201180072612.6A CN201180072612A CN103733223A CN 103733223 A CN103733223 A CN 103733223A CN 201180072612 A CN201180072612 A CN 201180072612A CN 103733223 A CN103733223 A CN 103733223A
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change
rate
pixel
normal vector
defect
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CN103733223B (en
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阿兰·苏利文
A·R·尤佳南丹
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
    • G06T7/0004—Industrial image inspection
    • G06T7/001—Industrial image inspection using an image reference approach
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
    • G05B19/406—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by monitoring or safety
    • G05B19/4069—Simulating machining process on screen
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/35—Nc in input of data, input till input file format
    • G05B2219/35303—Dry run, compare simulated output with desired finished profile, alarm, inhibit
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
    • G06T2207/30108—Industrial image inspection
    • G06T2207/30164—Workpiece; Machine component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]

Abstract

Embodiments of the invention disclose a method for determining defects of a surface of a model of an object generated from a model of an original object by a simulation of a machining process. The method determines orientations and rate of change in the orientation of the surface based on normal vectors to the surface and identifies the defects of the surface based on the rate of change and a threshold. The threshold is determined based on the machining process.

Description

Be used for the method and system of the surface imperfection of determining object model
Technical field
Present invention relates in general to the emulation of mechanical processing technique, and more particularly, relate to the surface imperfection of the object model identifying object from playing up during emulation.
Background technology
Numerical controlled machinery processing
The emulation of numerical control (NC) mechanical processing technique has basic critical role in computer-aided design (CAD) (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM).During emulation, the computer model of workpiece utilizes the computer representation of NC machine tools and one group of NC machine tools to move to edit with analog mechanical processing technology.Part model and instrument can be visual during being illustrated in emulation, with the potential collision between detection part (such as workpiece and tool holder), and examine the net shape of workpiece after emulation.
The net shape of workpiece is subject to the selection of instrument and the impact of movement of tool.For controlling the instruction of these motions, conventionally utilize computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) system to generate from the diagrammatic representation of the net shape of the expectation of workpiece.Motion utilizes numerical control programming language (being also known as reserved instruction (preparatory code) or G code) to realize conventionally, sees following standard RS274D and DIN66025/ISO6983.
The G code that CAM system generates can not produce accurately the copying of shape of expectation.In addition, the motion of NC instrument is arranged by the motor of NC machining system, and described motor has the ability of limited speed, range of movement and acceleration and deceleration, and actual tool is moved can the instruction of the inaccurate NC of following machining.
Difference between the net shape of the actual net shape of workpiece and the expectation of workpiece can be very little, and be difficult to perceive.In some cases, these differences cause less desirable hole or crackle in the surface of the net shape of workpiece, and dimensionally, it is tens microns that the degree of depth of described hole or crackle and width are approximately several microns and length.
Conventionally, before the parts of expecting are carried out to machining, by the test piece of being made by softer, more cheap material being carried out to machining, test the instruction of one group of NC machining.If the visual examination of test piece navigates to the less desirable difference in test piece, revise accordingly the instruction of NC machining.
But this manual test is consuming time and expensive.The time of single test piece being carried out to machining can be approximately several hours, and may need repeatedly iteration before obtaining qualified one group of NC machining instruction.Therefore, expectation, utilizes computer based emulation and plays up for these difference and test.The example of computer based emulation is at the U.S. Patent application No.12/495 being incorporated to by reference herein, describes to some extent in 588 and No.12/468,607.
An application being even more important of NC machining is to manufacture mould and mould.Mould passes through NC machining with relative low quantity manufacture, for later a large amount of manufactures with mould.Therefore, the defect in mould and mould can be transferred to the parts of making undesirably.Mould and mould be usually used to form have level and smooth, change the parts on " free form " surface (thering is high-quality glossiness aerodynamic, sense of touch or attractive in appearance) slowly.For example, modern toothbrush utilizes mould by plastic pouring, and has and provide attractive in appearance and sense of touch advantage these two complicated free form shape.Similarly, mould for punching press car body panel has level and smooth free form shape, described level and smooth free form shape can greatly affect aerodynamic drag (aerodynamic drag) and then affect fuel efficiency, and attracts the pleasing aesthetic appearance of consumer's vehicle.
The manufacture for punching press with the mould of the large parts of free form shape can be very consuming time, this be because its size (several thousand millimeters) with because utilize relative little instrument (about several millimeters) milling free form processed surface, this needs a large amount of (common millions of) machining instruction.For the injection mould for plastic components, also there is same problem.Mould is conventionally larger, need to manufacture many parts simultaneously and manufacture efficiency to improve.
NC machining emulator can be for example reproducing for example tens very little defects to hundreds of micron in the very large simulation component of several thousand millimeters.The problem of finding out these little defects is very challenging.For example, human operator who must check hard with very meticulous yardstick the mould of whole emulation, and this is consuming time and easily makes mistakes.
One method is determined NC machining defect by analyzing machine tools path.Specifically, for some compute vectors on path, this vector is perpendicular to comprising the plane that respectively described point is connected to two a bit front and rear vectors.By the sign of curvature in described path, determine the orientation with respect to the normal vector of a side of described plane.For smooth surface, from the normal vector of continuity point, should almost be parallel to identical sign of curvature.But, the method only limits to the defect that the localized variation in tool path causes, because the method has only been considered the relation between the continuity point on machining path, and does not consider the defect being caused by adjacent path and/or the lip-deep adjacent area of machine tools.
Therefore, need to be from the surface imperfection of the object model identifying object played up during the emulation at NC mechanical processing technique.
Summary of the invention
One object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method for the surface imperfection from object model identifying object.
Another object of the present invention is to provide defect is highlighted to the so a kind of method to user.
Another object of the present invention is to provide so a kind of method of the surface imperfection that highlights the object model of playing up during mechanical processing technique emulation.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the list of the lip-deep possibility of emulation defect area the so a kind of method of this list being presented to user of generating.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the so a kind of method that reduces storage requirement the quality in the case of not damaging defect recognition.
Embodiments of the present invention are based on to the understanding that reflects the correlativity of tip angle and cutting depth during object and/or emulation in the surface orientation of the object model of playing up.Therefore, surface orientation, and specifically, the rate of change of orientation, can be used for determining the defect of object model.For example, can identify and highlight more rough region on emulation surface.
The rate of change of embodiments of the present invention based on orientation and surface orientation determined the surface imperfection of object.In each embodiment, the normal vector based on surperficial is determined rate of change, and carrys out identified surface defect based on rate of change and threshold value.
For example, embodiment disclose a kind of for the surface of determining object owing to putting on the method for the defect that the mechanical processing technique of object causes, wherein, emulation by mechanical processing technique generates described surface from object model, said method comprising the steps of: the surperficial orientation of determining each pixel place of surperficial model; For each pixel of surperficial model, determine the rate of change of surface orientation; And rate of change and at least one threshold value are compared with identified surface defect.Based on mechanical processing technique, determine described threshold value.
Another embodiment disclose a kind of for the surface of determining object owing to putting on the method for the defect that the mechanical processing technique of object causes, wherein, emulation by mechanical processing technique generates described surface from object model, said method comprising the steps of: the normal vector of determining each pixel place on surface; Poor between the normal vector at the normal vector based on pixel place and neighborhood pixels place, determines the rate of change of surface orientation for each pixel on surface, wherein, surface imperfection is identified by the value of rate of change; And on display, highlight described defect.
Another embodiment discloses a kind of system of the surface imperfection for definite object model, and this system comprises: by the emulation of mechanical processing technique, generate surperficial unit; Normal vector based on pixel place is determined the unit of surface orientation at each pixel place of surface model; For each pixel of surperficial model, determine the unit of the rate of change of surperficial orientation; And rate of change and at least one threshold value are compared to the unit with identified surface defect.Based on mechanical processing technique, determine described threshold value.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Figure 1A shows the rose cutter for manufacture free form surface during numerical control (NC) machining;
Figure 1B shows the object by the rose cutter milling system of Figure 1A;
Fig. 2 is the side view by the object of rose cutter milling system;
Fig. 3 is the curve map of the correlativity of tip angle and cutting depth;
Fig. 4 is the block diagram of the method for the surface imperfection for definite object according to the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 be according to the embodiment of the present invention for highlight the block diagram of the method for surface imperfection in rendering objects surperficial;
Fig. 6 is the block diagram of the example of the rate of change of the orientation on definite surface according to the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the isometric view on the defective surface of tool with the example of the object model of highlighted part; And
Fig. 8 is the block diagram of the example of embodiments of the present invention.
Embodiment
Figure 1A shows the rose cutter 100 that is often used in manufacturing during numerical control (NC) machining free form surface.Specifically, the level and smooth domed bottom 101 of cutter 100 can be carried out machining to smooth surface.
Thereby Figure 1B shows by three linear interpolations 103,104 of rose cutter 100 and 105(and produces semi-cylindrical surfaces) object 102 of milling system.Between each cutting, there is the triangular tip cross section of cutting being formed by each.For example, between cutting 103 and 104, there is tip 106.
Fig. 2 is by the side view of the object 201 of four cutting 202-205 milling systems of rose cutter.Cutting 202,203 and 205 has the identical degree of depth (being indicated by dotted line 206).But cutting 204 is darker than cutting 202,203 and 205.Each to cutting at place, tip, meet.For example, cutting 202 and cutting 203 are met at 207 places, tip, and cutting 203 is met at 208 places, tip with cutting 204.Because cutting 204 is darker than adjacent cutting, so the angle 220 of tip 208 is greater than the angle 222 of tip 207.Distance between adjacent cutting is cutting spacing 230, conventionally by the operator of CAM system, between generation machining order period, is determined.
Fig. 3 shows the correlativity of tip angle and cutting depth.In this example, utilize the ball-end milling instrument that diameter is 4mm, between twice cutting interval 0.2mm(, instrument increases progressively step pitch motion with 0.2mm's) determine tip angle.This angle increases along with the increase of cutting depth.
Embodiments of the present invention are the understanding of surperficial orientation based on the correlativity of tip angle and cutting depth being depended on to the object model played up during object and/or emulation.Therefore, the orientation on surface, and specifically, the rate of change of orientation, can be used for determining the defect of object model.For example, can identify and highlight the surperficial rough region of emulation.
Fig. 4 shows the block diagram of the method 400 of the surface imperfection for determining object model.In each embodiment of the present invention, surface is the part on the whole surface of whole surface, the object of object, from specific, watches visible surface a little, defect region occurred frequently and/or their combination of object.In one embodiment, based on one group of machining instruction, from the model of initial object, produce object model.By processor 401, carried out the step of described method, as known in the art.
Basic representation 410 rendering modules 420 by object-based surface carry out emulation to the surface 425 of object model.Surface orientation module 430 is determined surperficial orientation 435 at each pixel place on surface.
Orientation comparison module 440 is determined the rate of change 446 of surperficial orientation and itself and one or more threshold value 445 is compared to determine surface imperfection.An embodiment compares rate of change and minimum threshold, that is, that identifies surface is greater than with value those parts that the rate of change of surface orientation of minimum threshold is corresponding.Additionally or alternatively, another embodiment compares rate of change and max-thresholds, that is, that identifies surface is less than with value those parts that the rate of change of surface orientation of max-thresholds is corresponding.
In each embodiment, the precision of the shape based on initial surface, the size of instrument, machining instruction and/or expectation is determined minimum threshold and/or max-thresholds.
Minimum threshold is conducive to the difference conventionally seldom occurring between the tip of the lip-deep smooth region of majority of the object model of emulation and surperficial actual defects.As shown in Figure 3, the angle of tip is the function of size (for example, diameter) and the cutting spacing of instrument.For example, in one embodiment, the diameter based on instrument and the surface smoothness of expectation (that is, the height of tip) select to cut spacing.Therefore, the tip angle of known expectation before mechanical processing technique.
Mechanical processing technique includes, but is not limited to turning, milling and drilling operation.According to operation, mechanical processing technique also comprises following operation: select machine tools, the type (such as single-point instrument or multiple-cutting-edge instrument) of for example instrument, shape, material and the size of instrument; Determine the direction of motion of instrument, the cutting spacing of instrument; And be identified for operation machining instruction.And then machining instruction comprises the order of operation and the path of instrument.
The surface accuracy that mechanical processing technique control is expected.For example, the cutting spacing of rough cut can be greater than the cutting spacing of essence cutting.But the value of cutting spacing is only by an example of the smoothness of mechanical processing technique control surface.Therefore, the surperficial mechanical processing technique of multiple embodiment of the present invention based on formation object determined minimum threshold and/or max-thresholds.Similarly, the emulation of the surperficial mechanical processing technique of some embodiments based on formation object model carrys out definite threshold.
For example, embodiment expected angle value based on tip is determined minimum threshold.A form of distortion of this embodiment is determined minimum threshold by the expected angle value increase of tip being depended on to the allowance of allowing variable quantity of tip angle.
Additionally and alternatively, can determine minimum threshold based on the relatively little fact of surface imperfection.For example, an embodiment has determined that the quantity of pixel is with respect to the histogram of the rate of change of normal vector, as described below, and selects minimum threshold, makes most pixels have the rate of change that is less than threshold value.
By output module 450, carry out the output 455 of disposal route.For example, output module is stored in the part identifying on the defective surface of tool in storer (not shown).Additionally or alternatively, output module is presented at object model in display device, and highlight the part 701 on the defective surface of tool, as shown in Figure 7.
Normal vector
Some embodiments of the present invention are determined surperficial orientation based on normal vector.As described herein, the length of the normal vector at pixel place equals one, and in the position corresponding to pixel perpendicular to described surface.For example, with reference to Fig. 2, vector 209 is normal vectors associated with the cutting 203 of contiguous tip 208, and vector 210 is normal vectors associated with the cutting 204 of contiguous tip 208.By the vector dot product of the surperficial normal vector on each edge of calculating tip, determine tip angle subsequently.Dot product is the cosine of tip angle.
On line, process
Fig. 5 shows the method for highlight the surface imperfection of object model in rendering objects surperficial.Playing up of the emulation surface of object 502 depended on surface 501 basic representation.For example, surface can be by poor expression of boolean between the distance field that scans body of machine tools during representing the distance field of initial surface and representing cutting.
In one embodiment, by conventional ray-cast method, play up described surface, in conventional ray-cast method, the mathematical ray associated with each pixel projects emulation surface from view direction.Determined by surface color and the normal vector at place, point of crossing with color and the brightness of each ray of described surface crosswise.
Another expression on surface 501 is such as leg-of-mutton grid geometric graphic element.In one embodiment, utilize and play up triangular mesh such as the graph API (API) of OpenGL.Conventionally, color and normal vector leg-of-mutton each place, summit that realizes interpolation by figure in the pixel of triangle expansion of watching condition by basis limits.
Normal vector is for the brightness of calculating pixel, and it is bright that surface is disposed in the illumination of position, surface seemingly.As example, conventional computing machine lighting engineering determine the brightness of pixel be independent of the surround lighting of normal vector, to normal vector and the vector from surface to optical position between the proportional diffusion composition of vector dot product and and surface normal vector view direction and direction of illumination between half vector between the proportional minute surface composition of dot product sum be multiplied by the power definite by surperficial glossiness.
In the playing up of routine, in surface image, the brightness for calculating pixel for the normal vector of each pixel, then abandons.The pixel value of gained is stored in the storer that is called color frame buffer zone (color framebuffer), and is finally shown, stores or send.
But, an embodiment of the invention, as abandon the brightness that is defined as calculating pixel normal vector substitute, reuse the normal vector for identifying and/or highlight surface imperfection.In this embodiment, as utilizing substituting of normal vector calculating pixel brightness immediately, in surface image, for the normal vector 503 of each pixel, be stored in normal direction frame buffer zone (normal framebuffer) 504.After having stored all normal vectors, process normal vector with identification and/or highlight defect.
In one embodiment, the equation of the ecentre based between normal vector is determined the rate of change 446 of normal vector.Specifically, the rate of change of the surperficial orientation at pixel place is confirmed as for example, between the normal vector at pixel place and the normal vector at neighbor place (, being close to the normal vector at the pixel place of described pixel) poor.
The equation of the ecentre that Fig. 6 shows between normal vector and the normal vector at neighborhood pixels 602-610 place based on pixel 602 places is for example determined pixel 602(, the center pixel 602 in window 601) example of the rate of change of the surface orientation located.Window 601 620 and/or flatly 630 moves to determine rate of change for each pixel vertically in all pixels of surperficial model.
Window 601 covers the 3x3 lattice normal vector that is selected from normal direction frame buffer zone.As herein defined, the normal vector at pixel 602 places is: N 0=(N 0x, N 0y, N 0z), and the normal vector of eight hithermost neighborhood pixels 603-610 is: N i=(N ix, N iy, N iz), wherein, i is the index of the normal vector in window ranges, for example, from 1 to 8, and x, y and z identify three-dimensional (3D) component of normal vector along axis x, y and z.Therefore, the rate of change R of the normal vector component of location of pixels 602 0by following formula, determine:
R 0 j = ( Σ i = 1 8 N ij ) - 8 N 0 j ,
Wherein j represents the component of vector, that is, and and x, y or z.The rate of change of normal vector is for example components R 0jsquare root sum square.
Each embodiment of the present invention carrys out identified surface defect by different threshold values.Rate of change value lower than the surperficial region of minimum threshold 507 corresponding to smooth surface and/or there is the surface of the tip between zero defect cutting.The surperficial region that rate of change value is greater than max-thresholds 508 corresponding to the edge of object and/or with the deep-cutting of the non-free form zone association on surface.Therefore, in one embodiment, only corresponding to the pixel of the rate of change value of (that is, between minimum threshold and max-thresholds) in indicated range, be identified as surperficial possible defect area.
For example, an embodiment changes the color of 509 (for example, redness) pixels corresponding to the rate of change value in indicated range, and utilizes the value being stored in normal direction frame buffer zone in normal direction, to calculate the color of 506 other pixels.Another embodiment utilizes look-up table that the color of pixel is set based on rate of change.For example, rate of change is less than the color of pixel of minimum threshold for blue, and the color of the pixel of rate of change in indicated range be red, and the color that rate of change is greater than the pixel of max-thresholds is green.But those of skill in the art can easily recognize, can apply many other methods and/or look-up table and strengthen the visual identity of defect.After having determined pixel corresponding to the rate of change region in indicated range, pixel is stored in storer 511, and the color of these pixels is stored in color frame buffer zone 510.
Processed offline
Some embodiments with play up and/or independently identified surface defect in technique of the technique of the brightness of definite pixel.These embodiments have illustrated a fact, that is, in some applications, unless during playing up enlarged surface, otherwise the density of pixel is not enough to detect little defect.Similarly, inadequate density of pixel can cause missing defect because of surperficial undersampling.
Additionally or alternatively, in the model through playing up, some surface imperfection are invisible from view direction.In one embodiment, by the scale with intensive, on large angular range, observe emulation surface and overcome this restriction.
But another embodiment is after completing emulation and be independent of watching of simulation result and identify surface imperfection.Embodiment can identify the defect that is greater than minimum dimension high resolving power with sufficient to guarantee is played up surperficial some parts voice-over in normal direction buffer zone.Additionally or alternatively, embodiment from the viewpoint of certain limit (for example, along+x ,-x ,+y ,-y ,+z and-each of z axis) check emulation surface.Alternatively, an embodiment is played up a surperficial part roughly to determine the leading orientation of this surperficial part, and plays up described surface from described leading orientation.
In some embodiments, the pixel of the rate of change that not all surface is orientated between minimum threshold and max-thresholds is all corresponding to surface imperfection.Playing up in processing, some pixels can be corresponding to defect, makes to determine improperly the surface normal of pixel.Therefore, play up a surperficial part to an embodiment of the invention initial rough, and carry out low resolution defects detection.With low resolution, identify the surf zone of defect and with high resolving power, by part, again played up subsequently, to improve the detection of the defect identifying by the one-row pixels at the edge along machining cutting.
In addition, an embodiment keeps the information of playing up about surperficial high resolving power with normal direction frame buffer zone.The embodiment of alternative becomes overlapping or adjacent paster to reduce storage requirement in the case of the quality that does not reduce defect recognition surface segmentation.
In another embodiment, generate the list of the lip-deep possibility of emulation defect area, and export this list to user.For example, list can be rendered as and be superimposed upon on low-resolution image and the rectangular box of surrounding possibility defect area.User watches to closer distance these regions subsequently, finally to determine and to have actual defects.Additionally or alternatively, defect list according to for describe may the position of defect and the text formatting of feature present.Advantageously, user interface, makes user can select the entrance in defect list, to make emulating image reorientation, makes defect area also amplification placed in the middle.
Fig. 8 shows the example of another embodiment of the present invention.Using one group of machining instruction 801 as file from CD or DVD by network or by other device known in the art, provide to NC machining controller 802.Controller 802 comprises processor 803, storer 804 and the display 805 for the operation of display device.Processor is carried out machining emulation and is carried out method (for example, method 400) according to the embodiment of the present invention, to produce the image 507 of the defect for identifying mechanical machining simulation on display 505.
Although described the present invention by the example of preferred implementation, should be appreciated that, can carry out within the spirit and scope of the present invention various other adjustment and modification.Therefore, the object of appended claim is to cover all such changes and modifications form falling in true spirit of the present invention and scope.

Claims (20)

1. the model of a definite object is owing to putting on the method for the surperficial defect that the mechanical processing technique of described object causes, wherein, by the emulation of described mechanical processing technique, come, from surface described in the model generation of described object, to said method comprising the steps of:
At each pixel place of the described model on described surface, determine the orientation on described surface;
For each pixel, determine the rate of change of the described orientation on described surface; And
Described rate of change and at least one threshold value are compared to identify to the described defect on described surface, wherein, based on described mechanical processing technique, determine described threshold value, and wherein, by processor, carried out the step of described method.
2. method according to claim 1, the method is further comprising the steps of:
Normal vector based on each pixel place is determined the described orientation on described surface.
3. method according to claim 1, the method is further comprising the steps of:
Difference between normal vector based on described pixel place and the normal vector at neighborhood pixels place is determined described rate of change.
4. method according to claim 3, wherein, described neighborhood pixels and described pixel next-door neighbour.
5. method according to claim 3, the method is further comprising the steps of:
According to N 0=(N 0x, N 0y, N 0z) determine normal vector N 0, wherein, N 0x, N 0y, N 0zthe component of normal vector along x-axis, y-axis and z-axis;
According to N i=(N ix, N iy, N iz) determine normal vector N i, wherein, i is the index of normal vector;
According to
Figure FDA0000462898830000011
determine the components R of described rate of change oj, wherein, j is x, y or z; And
Component based on described rate of change is determined described rate of change.
6. method according to claim 5, the method is further comprising the steps of:
Described rate of change is defined as to components R 0jsquare root sum square.
7. method according to claim 1, wherein, the step of described comparison is further comprising the steps of:
Described rate of change and minimum threshold are compared, and wherein, to be greater than the pixel that the described rate of change of described minimum threshold is corresponding identified with value.
8. method according to claim 1, wherein, the step of described comparison is further comprising the steps of:
The value of the angle based on tip is determined described minimum threshold, and wherein, described tip is that the cutting by machine tools forms during the emulation of described mechanical processing technique.
9. method according to claim 1, wherein, the step of described comparison is further comprising the steps of:
Described rate of change and minimum threshold are compared; And
Described rate of change and max-thresholds are compared, wherein, be greater than described minimum threshold with value and be less than the pixel that the described rate of change of described max-thresholds is corresponding identified.
10. method according to claim 1, the method is further comprising the steps of:
With low resolution, play up the described surface of the described model of described object;
Determine the region on the described surface going out by described defect recognition; And
With high resolving power, play up the described region on described surface, to determine the described defect on the described surface in the described region of identifying by the one-row pixels at the edge along machining cutting.
11. methods according to claim 1, wherein, the described cutting of passing through milling cutter to liking forms.
12. methods according to claim 1, the method is further comprising the steps of:
Determine the normal vector at each pixel place on described surface; And
Described normal vector is stored in normal direction frame buffer zone.
13. methods according to claim 1, the method is further comprising the steps of:
Highlight the pixel corresponding to described defect.
14. methods according to claim 1, the method is further comprising the steps of:
Modification is corresponding to the color of each pixel of described defect; And
On display, play up the described model of described object.
The model of 15. 1 kinds of definite objects is owing to putting on the method for the surperficial defect that the mechanical processing technique of described object causes, wherein, described surface is emulation by described mechanical processing technique from the model generation of described object, said method comprising the steps of:
Determine the normal vector at each pixel place on described surface;
Poor between the normal vector at the normal vector based on pixel place and neighborhood pixels place, determines the rate of change of the orientation on described surface for each pixel on described surface, wherein, the defect on described surface is to identify by the value of described rate of change; And
The described defect of highlighted demonstration on display.
16. methods according to claim 15, the method is further comprising the steps of:
Based on described mechanical processing technique, determine minimum threshold, wherein, described mechanical processing technique comprises at least one in turning, milling and drilling operation.
17. methods according to claim 15, the method is further comprising the steps of:
Described rate of change and minimum threshold are compared; And
Described rate of change and max-thresholds are compared, and wherein, pixel corresponding to described rate of change that is greater than described minimum threshold with value and is less than described max-thresholds is identified as the pixel corresponding with the described defect on described surface.
The model of 18. 1 kinds of definite objects is owing to putting on the system of the surperficial defect that the mechanical processing technique of described object causes, and this system comprises:
By the emulation of described mechanical processing technique, generate the unit on described surface;
Normal vector based on pixel place is determined the unit of the orientation on described surface at each pixel place of the described model on described surface;
For each pixel, determine the unit of the rate of change of the described orientation on described surface; And
Described rate of change and at least one threshold value are compared to the unit of the described defect of identifying described surface, wherein, based on described mechanical processing technique, determine described threshold value.
19. systems according to claim 18, this system also comprises:
Difference between normal vector based on described pixel place and the normal vector at neighborhood pixels place is determined the device of described rate of change.
20. systems according to claim 18, this system also comprises:
For highlighting the unit corresponding to the described pixel of described defect.
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